Restructuring and other

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and other

Restructuring and other

Restructuring and other includes charges or expenses attributable to: (i) employee severance; (ii) management restructuring and related costs; (iii) restructuring and integration; (iv) cost savings initiatives; (v) major litigation; and (vi) acquisition related costs and other unusual items. The following table summarizes pre-tax restructuring and other costs for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Employee severance and related(1)	$	1	$	18
Restructuring, integration and other(2)	20		4
Total	$	21	$	22
(1) The three months ended March 31, 2020 includes $14 million in severance and other benefits granted to employees as a result of COVID-19 related austerity measures.
(2) The three months ended March 31, 2021 includes cost associated with strategic and business optimization initiatives.