
	Revenue recognized for Year Ended December 31,
Revenue category	2020		2019		2018
Gaming
Gaming operations	$	332	$	597	$	632
Gaming machine sales	312		609		646
Gaming systems	171		295		320
Table products	111		247		233
Total	$	926	$	1,748	$	1,831

Lottery
Instant products	$	579	$	588	$	592
Lottery systems	339		323		254
Total	$	918	$	911	$	846

SciPlay
Mobile	$	506	$	391	$	323
Web and other	76		75		93
Total	$	582	$	466	$	416

Digital
Sports and platform	$	127	$	119	$	101
Gaming and other	171		156		169
Total	$	298	$	275	$	270

We evaluate the recognition of revenue and rental income based on the criteria set forth in ASC 606 or ASC 842 (ASC 840 prior to adoption of ASC 842), as appropriate. Revenue is recognized net of incentive rebates and discounts when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales taxes and all other items of a similar nature are excluded from the measurement of the transaction price and shipping and handling activities are treated as a fulfillment of our promise to transfer the goods, hence, included in cost of sales.

Our credit terms are predominately short term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under certain Gaming contracts, with financing terms of more than 12 months, primarily where the sale is secured by the related equipment sold. For these contracts with customers for which the financing component is determined to be significant to the contract, and have

We enter into contracts with customers that include multiple promises (such as gaming machines, gaming systems hardware and software, installation, service and maintenance, warranties, product support or lottery systems and hardware, installation and maintenance bundled promises). For such contracts, the transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation using an estimate of stand-alone selling price, which is generally based on observable prices or a cost plus margin approach. The establishment of stand-alone selling price requires judgment as to whether there is a sufficient quantity of items sold or substantively renewed on a stand-alone basis and those prices demonstrate an appropriate level of concentration to conclude that a stand-alone selling price exists.

The guidance in ASC 606 requires that we apply judgments or estimates to determine both the performance obligations and the stand-alone selling prices of identified performance obligations. Contracts with multiple promised goods and services described above will often involve significant judgment in determining whether each promise is distinct or should be combined with other promises in such contracts in concluding on the distinct performance obligations for such contracts. Such judgment generally requires an assessment of the level of integration and interdependency between individual components particularly in our gaming systems and certain digital contracts with customers. Associated with these same contracts, we also apply significant judgment to determine the stand-alone selling prices of the identified performance obligations. In certain contracts with customers, we bundle the selling price for multiple promised goods or services or we may license systems for which the solutions we provide are highly customized and therefore the prices we charge are either uncertain, highly variable, or both.

Gaming operations revenues are generated by providing customers access to proprietary land-based gaming equipment and content, table game products and VLTs under a variety of recurring operating, service, or rental contracts, for which consideration is based upon a percentage of Coin-in, a percentage of Net win, or a fixed daily/monthly fee, with variability generally resolved in the reporting period. For these contracts with customers, we generally transfer control and recognize revenue or rental income over time based on the amount we expect to receive as described and classify such revenue or rental income as services revenue. Payments from customers under these contracts are typically due on a monthly basis. Jackpot expense for our WAP services is recorded as a reduction to revenue, which decreased revenue and cost of services by $16 million, $20 million, and $22 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 respectively.

These contracts with customers include the sale of gaming machines, including game content, electronic table game products and parts (including game themes and conversion kits). We transfer control and recognize revenue from the sale of gaming machines at a point in time upon delivery of gaming machines to our customers or distributors pursuant to the terms of the contract.

Gaming systems contracts with customers can include a comprehensive suite of technology solutions provided to gaming operators, including perpetual licenses to core system solutions and non-core system solutions and other applications and tools. Gaming systems products also include the iVIEW touch screen display, which facilitates the player experience, bonus features, customer service, and employee functions and ongoing hardware and software maintenance services and upgrades.

Determination of performance obligations and timing of the transfer of control varies by contract. Generally, these contracts contain multiple promised goods and services, including the following: (i) core system software license; (ii) non-core system software license(s); (iii) professional services; (iv) system-based hardware; (v) in-game hardware products; and (vi) software and hardware maintenance and product support.

Control transfers and we recognize revenue from the sale of perpetual gaming systems licenses and various hardware products at a point in time when the gaming system is available for use by a customer which is no earlier than the commencement of the license term, and for the hardware products upon delivery. For contracts that include new core gaming system installations, control is not considered transferred until control of the core gaming system license is transferred as the

additional promises are generally highly dependent on the core gaming system. Software and hardware maintenance and product support services are considered stand-ready obligations, therefore control transfers and revenue is recognized over time over the term of the maintenance and support period.

Table products revenue is generated from supplying and maintaining or selling table game products, primarily including automatic card shufflers, deck checkers, table roulette chip sorters and other land-based table gaming equipment. We transfer control and recognize revenue from the sale of table products at a point in time upon delivery to our customers or distributors pursuant to the terms of the contract. For supply and maintenance contracts, for which consideration is primarily based on a fixed monthly fee, we generally transfer control and recognize rental income over the term of the supply period and classify such rental income as service revenue. Such contracts are generally short-term in nature. We also license our proprietary table games content, for which revenue is recognized at a point in time under the licensing of intellectual property guidance as such licenses are functional licenses.

Our instant products revenue is primarily generated under long-term contracts to supply instant products and provide related services to our Lottery customers. For instant products that are sold on a PPU and POS basis, we generally have a single performance obligation of a promise to supply the instant products. Control transfers and we recognize revenue from the sale of such instant products when the lotteries have taken delivery of shipments of instant products pursuant to the terms of the contract. For instant products that are sold on a POS basis, we are compensated based on retail sales, therefore the timing difference between the recognition of revenue, the billing of our customers and the receipt of payments depends on retail sales. For our SGEP contracts, revenue is recognized when a lottery retailer activates associated instant tickets, which timing corresponds with how we satisfy our performance obligation.

The guidance in ASC 606 requires that we apply judgment to determine the timing of control transfer of performance obligations in our Lottery instant products contracts. For instant products that are sold under POS contracts, we generally have a single performance obligation of a promise to supply the instant products. The determination of when control transfers requires significant judgment because lotteries take delivery of shipments of instant products, but we retain the risk of such inventory until retail sales of such tickets takes place. We have determined control transfers upon delivery to a lottery-controlled warehouse, because we do not have the ability to direct the use of such instant products subsequent to delivery.

Our Lottery business segment offers our customers a number of related, value-added services as part of an integrated product offering. These services include lottery systems, including point-of-sale terminals and other equipment, software, data communication services and support and instant game validation systems, and software, hardware and related services for sports wagering and keno systems.

For our integrated lottery systems service contracts (described above), our single performance obligation is a promise to perform a series of stand-ready services to operate a fully-functional draw lottery. Revenue is recognized over time in an amount generally based on a percentage of sales of the related games, which represents our measure of progress toward satisfying our performance obligation.

For our perpetual licensing of customized lottery software contracts, we generally recognize revenue over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated completion costs to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations, which we believe best depicts the transfer of control to the customer.

SciPlay revenues are generated from the sale of virtual coins, chips and bingo cards (“coins, chips and cards”), which players can use to play casino‑style slot games, table games and bingo games (i.e., spin in the case of slot games, bet in the case of table games and use of bingo cards in the case of bingo games). SciPlay distributes its games through various global social web and mobile platforms such as Facebook, Apple, Google and Amazon, with some of the games available on Microsoft and other web and mobile platforms. Control transfers and SciPlay recognizes revenues from player purchases of coins, chips and cards as the coins, chips and cards are consumed for game play and cannot be redeemed nor exchanged for cash. SciPlay determined through a review of play behavior that game players generally do not purchase additional coins, chips and cards until their existing coins, chips and cards balances have been substantially consumed. As SciPlay is able to track the duration between purchases of coins, chips and cards for individual game players for specific games, SciPlay is able to reliably estimate

the period of time over which coins, chips and cards are consumed. Accordingly, for most games, SciPlay recognizes revenue using an item-based revenue model. Because SciPlay has control over the content and functionality of games before they are accessed by the end user, SciPlay has determined it is the principal and, as a result, revenues are recorded on a gross basis. Payment processing fees paid to platform providers (such as Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Google and Microsoft) are recorded within cost of services. All SciPlay revenue is classified as services revenue.

Digital revenue is generated from professional services related to highly customized software design, development, licensing, maintenance and support services associated with a comprehensive suite of technology solutions, including sports books and betting markets across both fixed-odds and parimutuel betting styles. Additionally, through our integrated suite of various platform and technology solutions, we provide gaming operators optional portals for reporting and administrative functions, and access to a wide portfolio of content, including casino, lottery and bingo style games.

Determination of performance obligations and timing of the transfer of control vary based on the nature of the contract. Generally, these contracts contain multiple promises, including the following: (i) implementation of customized software solution and the associated software license; (ii) support services and unspecified software updates; (iii) professional development services; and (iv) access to the game content. For new customers and initial implementations, control generally transfers and we recognize revenue from the implementation of a customized software solution and the associated software license over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated completion costs to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations, which we believe best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. For license renewals, revenue is recognized at a point in time under the licensing of intellectual property guidance as such licenses are functional licenses. Support services and unspecified software updates are considered stand-ready obligations, therefore control transfers and revenue is recognized over time ratably over the term of the support period. Professional development services generally relate to post-go live development, and control transfers and revenue is recognized over time as services are rendered.

We also generate revenue from various content aggregation platforms, remote gaming servers, and various other platforms, which deliver a wide spectrum of internally developed and branded games and popular third-party provided games to gaming operators. We provide daily access to these platforms and are typically compensated based on variable consideration, such as a percentage of net gaming revenue with variability generally resolved in the reporting period. Substantially all Digital revenue is classified as services revenue.


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
Contract liability balance, beginning of period(1)	$	109
Liabilities recognized during the period	56
Amounts recognized in revenue from beginning balance	(76)
Contract liability balance, end of period(1)	$	89
(1) Contract liabilities are included within Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on our consolidated balance sheets. Other than contracts with customers with financing arrangements exceeding 12 months, revenue recognition is generally proximal to conversion to cash, except for Lottery instant products sold under percentage of retail sales contracts. Revenue is recognized for such contracts upon delivery to our customers, while conversion to cash is based on the retail sale of the underlying tickets to end consumers. As a result, revenue recognition under ASC 606 does not approximate conversion to cash for such contracts in any periods presented. Total revenue recognized under such contracts was $93 million, $95 million and $103 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 respectively. The following table summarizes our opening and closing balances in these accounts (other than contract liabilities disclosed above):