Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill. The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands).


	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	$	2,670,934	$	184,021	$	96,362	$	2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	2,651,193		183,951		95,067		2,930,211
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,176		—		—		4,176
Foreign currency translation impact	2,180		46		647		2,873
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)	$	2,657,549	$	183,997	$	95,714	$	2,937,260

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of UpCity in October 2022 and an independent sales agent in September 2023 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets held-for-sale due to the divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business in February 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach.

Finite-lived intangible assets. Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).


December 31, 2023	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2022	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		$	1,082,177
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	990		—		—		990
Intangible assets fully amortized	(987)		(39)		(236)		(1,262)

Foreign currency translation impact	16,639		39		—		16,678
Gross cost	1,077,183		11,200		10,200		1,098,583
Accumulated amortization (3)	(580,937)		(9,333)		(6,355)		(596,625)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	496,246	$	1,867	$	3,845	$	501,958


December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	$	1,096,358	$	61,216	$	10,436	$	1,168,010


Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of an independent sales agent in September 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets held-for-sale due to the divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business in February 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $92.5 million, $98.5 million and $109.6 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).


2024	$	90,138
2025	81,471
2026	78,796
2027	78,188
2028	76,716
2029 and thereafter	96,649
	$	501,958