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Employee Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]  
Employee Benefits Employee Benefits
Defined contribution plans. The Company has savings and investment plans (the “401(k) Plans”) covering substantially all U.S. employees. Company contributions are based on the level of employee contributions, up to a maximum of 4% of an employee’s eligible salary, subject to an annual maximum. For 2022, the maximum Company match was $7,200. Amounts expensed in connection with the 401(k) Plans totaled $50.4 million, $44.1 million and $43.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Deferred compensation plans. The Company has supplemental deferred compensation plans for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The plans’ investment assets are recorded at fair value in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of those assets was $90.4 million and $104.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for fair value information). The related deferred compensation plan liabilities, which were $96.6 million and $110.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are carried at fair value and are adjusted with a corresponding charge or credit to compensation expense to reflect the fair value of the amount owed to the employees. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated
Balance Sheets. Compensation expense recognized for all of the Company’s deferred compensation plans was $0.4 million, $1.3 million and $1.9 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Defined benefit pension plans. The Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s vested benefit obligation is the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which an employee is entitled based on the employee’s expected date of separation or retirement. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 202220212020
Service cost $4,173 $4,511 $4,421 
Interest cost709 605 718 
Expected return on plan assets(459)(350)(493)
Recognition of actuarial loss 264 576 474 
Recognition of loss due to settlements— 286 — 
Other501 — — 
Total defined benefit pension plan expense$5,188 $5,628 $5,120 

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.
 202220212020
Weighted average discount rate (1)1.24 %0.94 %1.28 %
Expected return on plan assets1.58 %1.19 %2.04 %
Average compensation increase2.57 %2.58 %2.58 %
Cash balance interest credit rate1.20 %0.80 %1.20 %
(1)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
 202220212020
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year$57,973 $62,297 $52,503 
Service cost4,173 4,511 4,421 
Interest cost709 605 718 
Actuarial (gain) loss due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)(7,318)(2,230)1,516 
Benefits payments (2)(1,225)(1,198)(1,438)
Plan amendments— 269 — 
Settlements— (1,606)— 
Other5,685 — — 
Foreign currency impact(4,686)(4,675)4,577 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)$55,311 $57,973 $62,297 

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.
 202220212020
Weighted average discount rate (4)3.67 %1.24 %0.94 %
Average compensation increase3.37 %2.57 %2.58 %
Cash balance interest credit rate3.60 %1.20 %0.80 %
(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.
(2)The Company projects benefit payments will be made in future years directly to plan participants as follows: $2.4 million in 2023; $2.6 million in 2024; $3.0 million in 2025; $3.3 million in 2026; $3.9 million in 2027; and $25.5 million in total in the five years thereafter.
(3)Measured as of December 31.
(4)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The tables below provide information regarding the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the related amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 (in thousands).
Funded status of the plans202220212020
Projected benefit obligation$55,311 $57,973 $62,297 
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)(27,798)(29,737)(28,636)
Funded status – shortfall (2)$27,513 $28,236 $33,661 
Accumulated benefit obligation$50,335 $54,701 $58,963 
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)$27,513 $28,236 $33,661 
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)$(4,247)$(6,672)$(9,309)
(1)The pension plan assets are held by third-party trustees and are invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, high-quality government and corporate bonds, and other investments. The assets are primarily valued based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820, with the majority of the invested assets considered to be of low-to-medium investment risk. The Company projects a future long-term rate of return on these plan assets of 3.90%, which it believes is reasonable based on the composition of the assets and both current and projected market conditions. Additional information regarding pension plan asset activity is provided below.
(2)Funded status – shortfall represents the amount of the projected benefit obligation that the Company has not funded with a third-party trustee. These liabilities of the Company are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The level of future contributions by the Company will vary and is dependent on a number of factors including investment returns, interest rate fluctuations, plan demographics, funding regulations and the results of the final actuarial valuation.
(3)The deferred actuarial loss as of December 31, 2022 is recorded in AOCI/L and will be reclassified out of AOCI/L and recognized as pension expense over approximately 12 years, subject to certain limitations set forth in FASB ASC Topic 715.

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
202220212020
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year$29,737 $28,636 $23,444 
Company contributions4,450 4,865 3,924 
Benefit payments(1,225)(1,198)(1,438)
Actual return on plan assets(3,072)1,066 684 
Settlements— (1,606)— 
Foreign currency impact(2,092)(2,026)2,022 
Pension plan assets at the end of the year$27,798 $29,737 $28,636 

The Company also has a reinsurance asset arrangement with a large international insurance company that is intended to fund benefit payments for one of its plans. The reinsurance asset is not a pension plan asset but is an asset of the Company. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the reinsurance asset was recorded at its cash surrender value of $9.1 million and $9.5 million, respectively, and recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes that cash surrender value approximates fair value and is equivalent to a Level 2 input under the FASB’s fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820.