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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.
 
•Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.
•Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

•Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the table below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate tangible assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, tangible assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The Company earns revenue from clients in many countries. Other than the United States, there is no individual country where revenues from external clients represent 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues. Additionally, no single client accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues and the loss of a single client, in management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on revenues.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
 ResearchConferencesConsultingConsolidated
2021   
Revenues$4,101,392 $214,449 $418,121 $4,733,962 
Gross contribution3,036,925 133,748 158,843 3,329,516 
Corporate and other expenses   (2,413,765)
Operating income   $915,751 
2020
Revenues$3,602,892 $120,140 $376,371 $4,099,403 
Gross contribution2,597,852 57,302 115,744 2,770,898 
Corporate and other expenses(2,280,748)
Operating income$490,150 
2019
Revenues$3,374,548 $476,869 $393,904 $4,245,321 
Gross contribution2,351,720 241,757 118,450 2,711,927 
Corporate and other expenses(2,341,840)
Operating income$370,087 
The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
202120202019
Total segment gross contribution$3,329,516 $2,770,898 $2,711,927 
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)39,647 16,519 17,174 
Selling, general and administrative2,155,658 2,038,963 2,103,424 
Depreciation and amortization212,405 218,984 211,779 
Acquisition and integration charges6,055 6,282 9,463 
Operating income915,751 490,150 370,087 
Interest expense and other, net(98,191)(119,203)(92,273)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims152,310 — — 
Loss from divested operations— — (2,075)
Loss on extinguishment of debt— (44,814)— 
Less: Provision for income taxes176,310 59,388 42,449 
Net income$793,560 $266,745 $233,290 

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2021 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).
 20212020
Long-lived assets (1):  
United States and Canada $706,854 $820,973 
Europe, Middle East and Africa298,083 265,782 
Other International125,572 153,609 
Total long-lived assets$1,130,509 $1,240,364 
(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.