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Segment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information by Segment
The following tables present operating results for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 
Research
 
Consulting
 
Events
 
Consolidated
2016
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
1,829,721

 
$
346,214

 
$
268,605

 
$
2,444,540

Gross contribution
1,267,760

 
107,585

 
136,655

 
1,512,000

Corporate and other expenses
 

 
 

 
 

 
(1,206,859
)
Operating income
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
305,141

 
Research
 
Consulting
 
Events
 
Consolidated
2015
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
1,583,486

 
$
327,735

 
$
251,835

 
$
2,163,056

Gross contribution
1,096,827

 
107,193

 
130,527

 
1,334,547

Corporate and other expenses
 

 
 

 
 

 
(1,046,550
)
Operating income
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
287,997

 
Research
 
Consulting
 
Events
 
Consolidated
2014
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues
$
1,445,338

 
$
348,396

 
$
227,707

 
$
2,021,441

Gross contribution
1,001,914

 
119,931

 
112,384

 
1,234,229

Corporate and other expenses
 

 
 

 
 

 
(948,067
)
Operating income
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
286,162

Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income
The following table provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
 
Twelve months ended
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Total segment gross contribution
 
$
1,512,000

 
$
1,334,547

 
$
1,234,229

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)
 
13,108

 
10,567

 
10,721

Selling, general and administrative
 
1,089,184

 
962,677

 
876,067

Depreciation and amortization
 
61,969

 
47,131

 
39,412

Acquisition and integration charges
 
42,598

 
26,175

 
21,867

Operating income
 
305,141

 
287,997

 
286,162

Interest expense and other
 
16,710

 
15,786

 
11,479

Provision for income taxes
 
94,849

 
96,576

 
90,917

Net income
 
$
193,582

 
$
175,635

 
$
183,766

 
(1)
The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and related fringe costs recorded in Consolidated cost of services and product development expense that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company's policy is to only allocate bonus and related fringe charges to segments for up to 100% of the segment employee's target bonus. Amounts above 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas
Summarized information by geographic location as of and for the years ended December 31 follows (in thousands):  
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

United States and Canada
$
1,519,748

 
$
1,347,676

 
$
1,204,476

Europe, Middle East and Africa
616,721

 
557,165

 
570,334

Other International
308,071

 
258,215

 
246,631

Total revenues
$
2,444,540

 
$
2,163,056

 
$
2,021,441

 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-lived assets: (1)
 

 
 

 
 

United States and Canada
$
143,921

 
$
163,933

 
$
142,963

Europe, Middle East and Africa
42,326

 
31,130

 
34,093

Other International
24,630

 
16,050

 
13,282

Total long-lived assets
$
210,877

 
$
211,113

 
$
190,338

 
(1)
Excludes goodwill and other intangible assets.