Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2014

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense by Award Type

The Company recognized the following amounts of stock-based compensation expense by award type for the years ended December 31 (in millions):

Award type:	2014		2013		2012
Stock appreciation rights	$	5.0	$	5.2	$	6.4
Common stock equivalents	0.6		0.6		0.5
Restricted stock units	33.2		28.9		29.5
Total (1)	$	38.8	$	34.7	$	36.4

(1) Includes charges of $14.8 million, $12.5 million, and $5.1 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees since these awards vest on an accelerated basis

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense by Expense Category

Stock-based compensation expense was recognized by line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31 (in millions):  

Amount recorded in:	2014		2013		2012
Costs of services and product development	$	17.6	$	15.3	$	15.3
Selling, general, and administrative	21.2		19.4		21.1
Total	$	38.8	$	34.7	$	36.4

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions of SARS

The fair value of the SARs granted was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the years ended December 31:

	2014		2013		2012
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	25	%	35	%	40	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	1.3	%	0.8	%	0.8	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.43		4.49		4.61

(1) The dividend yield assumption is based on both the history and expectation of the Company’s dividend payouts. Historically the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2) The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and the implied volatility from publicly traded options in Common Stock.

(3) The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

(4) The expected life represents the Company’s weighted-average estimate of the period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding (that is, the period between the service inception date and the expected exercise date).

Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Summary of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The following table summarizes changes in SARs outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2014:  

	SARs in millions		Per Share Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2013	1.6		$	34.14	$	11.63	4.34 years
Granted	0.4		64.64		14.99		6.11 years
Forfeited	(0.1	)	na		na		na
Exercised	(0.5	)	24.12		8.82		na
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 (1), (2)	1.4		$	44.44	$	13.26	4.34 years
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2014 (1)	0.6		$	33.36	$	11.62	3.22 years

na = not applicable

(1) At December 31, 2014, 0.8 million of these SARs were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of these unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2) At December 31, 2014, SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $58.5 million. SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $30.8 million.

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Summary of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The following table summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2014:  

	Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) (in millions)		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2013	1.8		$	38.83
Granted (1)	0.6		65.48
Vested and released	(0.9	)	34.17
Forfeited	(0.1	)	—
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 (2), (3)	1.4		$	50.76

(1) The 0.6 million RSUs granted in 2014 consisted of 0.3 million performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.3 million service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees and non-management board members. The aggregate target number of performance-based RSUs awarded in 2014 was 0.2 million, subject to adjustment from 0% to 200% of the target number depending upon the increase in the Company's subscription-based contract value ("CV') measured on December 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 2013. The actual CV increase achieved for 2014 was 172.6%, which resulted in the final grant of approximately 0.3 million performance-based RSUs to the executives.

(2) The Company expects that substantially all of the outstanding awards at December 31, 2014 will vest in future periods.

(3) The weighted-average remaining contractual term of the outstanding RSUs is approximately 1 year.

Common Stock Equivalents (CSEs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Summary of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The following table summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2014:  

	Common Stock Equivalents (CSEs)		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2013	102,479		$	17.71
Granted	8,509		74.48
Converted to common shares	(6,785	)	74.48
Outstanding at December 31, 2014	104,203		$	18.65