Long-Term Employee Benefit Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Long-Term Employee Benefit Liabilities

Long-term employee benefit liabilities consist of:

	2022		2021
Defined benefit pension plans and other [a]	$	146	$	196
Termination and long-term service arrangements [b]		369		456
Retirement medical benefits plans [c]		20		26
Other long-term employee benefits		13		22
Long-term employee benefit obligations	$	548	$	700

Summary of Weighted Average Significant Actuarial Assumptions Adopted in Measuring Company's Obligations and Cost

[a] Defined benefit pension plans

The Company sponsors a number of defined benefit pension plans and similar arrangements for its employees. All pension plans are funded to at least the minimum legal funding requirements, while European defined benefit pension plans are unfunded.

The weighted average significant actuarial assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s obligations and costs are as follows:

	2022			2021
Projected benefit obligation
Discount rate		4.8	%		2.4	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.6	%		2.7	%
Net periodic benefit cost
Discount rate		2.8	%		2.3	%
Rate of compensation increase		2.9	%		2.6	%
Expected return on plan assets		4.6	%		4.1	%

Schedule of Company's Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Information about the Company’s defined benefit pension plans is as follows:

	2022			2021
Projected benefit obligation
Beginning of year	$	689		$	731
Current service cost		9			10
Interest cost		14			12
Actuarial gains and changes in actuarial assumptions		(155	)		(37	)
Benefits paid		(31	)		(27	)
Divestiture		—			11
Foreign exchange		(28	)		(11	)
End of year		498			689
Plan assets at fair value [i]
Beginning of year		532			517
Return on plan assets		(107	)		25
Employer contributions		11			12
Benefits paid		(27	)		(23	)
Foreign exchange		(18	)		1
End of year		391			532
Ending funded status – Plan deficit	$	107		$	157
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheet
Non-current asset [note 11]	$	(41	)	$	(41	)
Current liability		2			2
Non-current liability		146			196
Net amount	$	107		$	157
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income Unrecognized actuarial losses	$	(86	)	$	(112	)
Net periodic benefit cost
Current service cost	$	9		$	10
Interest cost		14			12
Return on plan assets		(23	)		(21	)
Actuarial losses		3			8
Net periodic benefit cost	$	3		$	9

[i] The asset allocation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans at December 31, 2022 and the target allocation range for 2023 is as follows:

	2023			2022
Fixed income securities		60-85	%		68	%
Equity securities		20-45	%		27	%
Cash and cash equivalents		0-10	%		5	%
		100	%		100	%

Future Benefit Payments

[d] Future benefit payments

	Defined benefit pension plans		Termination and long service arrangements		Retirement medical benefits plans		Total
Expected employer contributions - 2023	$	12	$	17	$	1	$	30
Expected benefit payments:
2023	$	25	$	18	$	1	$	44
2024		26		15		1		42
2025		27		17		1		45
2026		28		21		1		50
2027		29		23		2		54
Thereafter		164		156		8		328
	$	299	$	250	$	14	$	563

Termination and Long-term Service Arrangements [Member]

Summary of Weighted Average Significant Actuarial Assumptions Adopted in Measuring Company's Obligations and Cost

The weighted average significant actuarial assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s projected termination and long-term service benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	2022			2021
Discount rate		4.8	%		2.4	%
Rate of compensation increase		3.5	%		3.1	%

Schedule of Company's Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Information about the Company’s termination and long-term service arrangements is as follows:

	2022			2021
Projected benefit obligation
Beginning of year	$	467		$	478
Current service cost		13			23
Interest cost		11			9
Actuarial losses (gains) and changes in actuarial assumptions		(67	)		10
Benefits paid		(18	)		(23	)
Foreign exchange		(19	)		(30	)
Ending funded status – Plan deficit	$	387		$	467
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheet
Current liability	$	18		$	11
Non-current liability		369			456
Net amount	$	387		$	467
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income Unrecognized actuarial losses	$	(38	)	$	(112	)
Net periodic benefit cost
Current service cost	$	13		$	23
Interest cost		11			9
Actuarial losses		7			4
Net periodic benefit cost	$	31		$	36

Retirement Medical Benefits Plans [Member]

Summary of Weighted Average Significant Actuarial Assumptions Adopted in Measuring Company's Obligations and Cost

The weighted average discount rates used in measuring the Company’s projected retirement medical benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

	2022			2021
Retirement medical benefit obligations		5.1	%		2.8	%
Net periodic benefit cost		3.1	%		2.4	%
Health care cost inflation		6.8	%		6.4	%

Schedule of Company's Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Information about the Company’s retirement medical benefits plans are as follows:

	2022			2021
Projected benefit obligation
Beginning of year	$	27		$	30
Interest cost		1			1
Actuarial gains and changes in actuarial assumptions		(6	)		(3	)
Benefits paid		(1	)		(1	)
Ending funded status – Plan deficit	$	21		$	27
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheet
Current liability	$	1		$	1
Non-current liability		20			26
Net amount	$	21		$	27
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income Unrecognized actuarial gains	$	17		$	10
Net periodic benefit cost
Interest cost	$	1		$	1
Actuarial gains		(1	)		(1	)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	—		$	—