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INVESTMENTS
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Investments  
Equity Method Investments [Text Block]

 

5. INVESTMENTS

 

Fixed Maturity Securities

 

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities held at June 30, 2011, were as follows (in 000's):

 

      
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securitiesAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Temporary LossesOTTI Losses (1)Fair Value
Non-corporate securities:          
Asset-backed securities$204$5$(1)$-$208
Residential mortgage-backed securities 28,291 2,367 - - 30,658
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,459 402 (1,182) - 14,679
Foreign government & agency securities - - - -  -
U.S. states and political subdivisions securities 216 4 - - 220
U.S. treasury and agency securities 480,051 9,754 (856) - 488,949
Total non-corporate securities 524,221 12,532 (2,039) - 534,714
           
Corporate securities 1,061,682 58,611 (1,481) (10,595) 1,108,217
           
Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities$1,585,903$71,143$(3,520)$(10,595)$1,642,931
           
           
Trading fixed maturity securities Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value  
Non-corporate securities:          
Asset-backed securities$500,138$11,478$(133,134)$378,482  
Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,025,901 16,290 (217,592) 824,599  
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 844,370 54,212 (104,806) 793,776  
Foreign government & agency securities 113,996 8,489 - 122,485  
U.S. states and political subdivisions securities 603 24 - 627  
U.S. treasury and agency securities 321,033 3,530 (1,311) 323,252  
Total non-corporate securities 2,806,041 94,023 (456,843) 2,443,221  
           
Corporate securities 7,960,370 417,725 (92,982) 8,285,113  
           
Total trading fixed maturity securities$10,766,411$511,748$(549,825)$10,728,334  

 

 

(1) Represents the pre-tax non-credit OTTI loss recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) for assets still held at the reporting date.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Fixed Maturity Securities (continued)

 

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities held at December 31, 2010, were as follows (000's):

 

      
Available-for-sale fixed maturity securitiesAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized Temporary LossesOTTI Losses (1)Fair Value
Non-corporate securities:          
Asset-backed securities$694$27$(6)$-$715
Residential mortgage-backed securities 32,263 2,351 - - 34,614
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 15,952 522 (1,424) - 15,050
Foreign government & agency securities 506 57 - - 563
U.S. states and political subdivisions 217 - (3) - 214
U.S. treasury and agency securities 371,704 4,500 (971) - 375,233
Total non-corporate securities 421,336 7,457 (2,404) - 426,389
           
Corporate securities 1,001,615 82,490 (2,267) (12,304) 1,069,534
           
Total available-for-sale fixed maturity securities$1,422,951$89,947$(4,671)$(12,304)$1,495,923
      
      
Trading fixed maturity securitiesAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value 
Non-corporate securities:         
Asset-backed securities$544,106$10,104$(142,230)$411,980 
Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,184,184 17,259 (278,650) 922,793 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 917,650 42,368 (140,823) 819,195 
Foreign government & agency securities 122,537 8,239 - 130,776 
U.S. states and political subdivisions 605 8 - 613 
U.S. treasury and agency securities 745,460 3,037 (878) 747,619 
Total non-corporate securities 3,514,542 81,015 (562,581) 3,032,976 
          
Corporate securities 8,195,874 368,893 (130,625) 8,434,142 
          
Total trading fixed maturity securities$11,710,416$449,908$(693,206)$11,467,118 
      
      

(1) Represents the pre-tax non-credit OTTI loss recorded as a component of AOCI for assets still held at the reporting date.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Fixed Maturity Securities (continued)

 

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity periods for fixed maturity investments held at June 30, 2011 are shown below (in 000's). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities on structured securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

 

    
   Amortized Cost Fair Value
Maturities of available-for-sale fixed securities:    
Due in one year or less$237,811$239,362
Due after one year through five years 591,891 626,846
Due after five years through ten years 136,986 139,594
Due after ten years 575,261 591,584
Subtotal – Maturities of available-for-sale fixed securities 1,541,949 1,597,386
ABS, RMBS and CMBS securities(1) 43,954 45,545
Total available-for-sale fixed securities$1,585,903$1,642,931
      
Maturities of trading fixed securities:    
Due in one year or less$653,140$670,813
Due after one year through five years 4,481,531 4,702,305
Due after five years through ten years 1,742,272 1,857,984
Due after ten years 1,519,059 1,500,375
Subtotal – Maturities of available-for-sale fixed securities 8,396,002 8,731,477
ABS, RMBS and CMBS securities(1) 2,370,409 1,996,857
Total trading fixed securities$10,766,411$10,728,334

  • ABS, RMBS and CMBS securities are shown separately in the table as they are not due at a single maturity.

 

 

 

 

 

Gross gains of $53.1 million and gross losses of $9.4 million were realized on the sale of fixed maturity securities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2011.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Unrealized Losses

 

The following table shows the number of securities, fair value and gross unrealized losses, which includes temporary unrealized loss and the portion of non-credit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI. The Company's available-for-sale fixed maturity investments are aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities had been in an unrealized loss at June 30, 2011 (in 000's).

 

 

 No. (1)Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses  No. (1)Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses No. (1)Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
                  
Non-corporate securities:                 
Asset-backed securities-$-$- 1$3$(1) 1$3$(1)
Residential mortgage-backed securities1 23 - - - - 1 23 -
Commercial mortgage-backed securities3 3,221 (58) 4 2,137 (1,124) 7 5,358 (1,182)
U.S. treasury and agency securities1 15,801 (856) - - - 1 15,801 (856)
Total non-corporate securities5 19,045 (914) 5 2,140 (1,125) 10 21,185 (2,039)
                  
Corporate securities68 205,879 (4,907) 19 41,696 (5,091) 87 247,575 (9,998)
Total73$224,924$(5,821) 24$43,836$(6,216) 97$268,760$(12,037)

 

The following table shows the number of securities, fair value and gross unrealized losses, which includes temporary unrealized losses and the portion of non-credit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI, of the Company's available-for-sale fixed maturity investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities had been in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2010 (in 000's).

 

 

 Less Than Twelve Months Twelve Months Or More Total
 No. (1) Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses  No. (1) Fair Value  Gross Unrealized Losses No. (1) Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
                  
Non-corporate securities:                 
Asset-backed securities-$-$- 1$11$(6) 1$11$(6)
Residential mortgage-backed securities1 26 - - - - 1 26 -
Commercial mortgage-backed securities- - - 5 2,534 (1,424) 5 2,534 (1,424)
Foreign government & agency securities- - - - - - - - -
U.S. states and political subdivisions1 214 (3) - - - 1 214 (3)
U.S. treasury and agency securities2 23,636 (971) - - - 2 23,636 (971)
                  
Total non-corporate securities4 23,876 (974) 6 2,545 (1,430) 10 26,421 (2,404)
Corporate securities72 187,916 (5,211) 35 91,154 (9,360) 107 279,070 (14,571)
Total76$211,792$(6,185) 41$93,699$(10,790) 117$305,491$(16,975)

(1)       These columns present the number of securities (not in thousands) in an unrealized loss position.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

 

Beginning on April 1, 2009, the Company presents and discloses OTTI in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities.” Securities whose fair value is less than their carrying amount are considered to be impaired and are evaluated for potential OTTI. If the Company intends to sell, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell an impaired security prior to recovery of its cost basis, the security is considered other-than-temporarily impaired and the Company records a charge to earnings for the full amount of impairment based on the difference between the current carrying amount and the fair value of the security. Otherwise, losses on securities which are other-than-temporarily impaired are separated into two categories: credit loss and non-credit loss. The credit loss portion is charged to net realized investment gains in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, while the non-credit loss is charged to other comprehensive income. When an unrealized loss on an available-for-sale fixed maturity security is considered temporary, the Company continues to record the unrealized loss in other comprehensive income and not in earnings.

 

To compute the credit loss component of OTTI for corporate bonds on the date of transition (April 1, 2009), both historical default (by rating) data, used as a proxy for the probability of default, and loss given default (by issuer) projections were applied to the par amount of the bond. For corporate bonds post-transition, the present value of future cash flows using the book yield is used to determine the credit component of OTTI. If the present value of the cash flow is less than the security's amortized cost, the difference is recorded as a credit loss. The difference between the estimates of the credit related loss and the overall OTTI is the non-credit-related component.

 

As a result of the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 320, a cumulative effect adjustment, net of tax, of $9.1 million was recorded to decrease accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding increase to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) for the non-credit loss component of previously impaired securities that the Company neither intends to sell, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, before recovery of amortized cost.

 

For those securities where the Company does not have the intent to sell and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the Company employs a portfolio monitoring process to identify securities that are other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company utilizes a Credit Committee comprised of investment and finance professionals which meets at least quarterly to review individual issues or issuers that are of concern. In determining whether a security is other-than-temporarily-impaired, the Credit Committee considers the factors described below. The process involves a quarterly screening of all impaired securities.

 

Discrete credit events, such as a ratings downgrade, also are used to identify securities that may be other-than-temporarily impaired. The securities identified are then evaluated based on issuer-specific facts and circumstances, such as the issuer's ability to meet current and future interest and principal payments, an evaluation of the issuer's financial position and its near-term recovery prospects, difficulties being experienced by an issuer's parent or affiliate, and management's assessment of the outlook for the issuer's sector. In making these evaluations, the Credit Committee exercises considerable judgment. Based on this evaluation, issues or issuers are considered for inclusion on one of the Company's following credit lists:

 

“Monitor List”- Management has concluded that the Company's amortized cost will be recovered through timely collection of all contractually specified cash flows, but that changes in issuer-specific facts and circumstances require monitoring on a quarterly basis. No OTTI charge is recorded in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for unrealized loss on securities related to these issuers.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (continued)

 

“Watch List”- Management has concluded that the Company's amortized cost will be recovered through timely collection of all contractually specified cash flows, but that changes in issuer-specific facts and circumstances require continued monitoring during the quarter. A security is moved from the Monitor List to the Watch List when changes in issuer-specific facts and circumstances increase the possibility that a security may become impaired within the next 24 months. No OTTI charge is recorded in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for unrealized loss on securities related to these issuers.

 

“Impaired List”- This list includes securities that the Company has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell. In addition, it includes those securities that management has concluded that the Company's amortized cost will not be recovered due to expected delays or shortfalls in contractually specified cash flows. For these investments, an OTTI charge is recorded or the security is sold and a realized loss is recorded as a charge to income. Credit OTTI losses are recorded in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and non-credit OTTI losses are recorded in other comprehensive income.

 

Structured securities, those rated single A or below in particular, are subject to certain provisions in FASB ASC Topic 325 “Investments–Other.” These provisions require the Company to periodically update its best estimate of cash flows over the life of the security. In the event that fair value is less than carrying amount and there has been an adverse change in the expected cash flows (as measured by comparing the original expected cash flows to the current expectation of cash flows, both discounted at the current effective rate), then an impairment charge is recorded to income. Estimating future cash flows is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third parties, along with assumptions and judgments about the future performance of the underlying collateral. Losses incurred on the respective portfolios are based on expected loss models, not incurred loss models. Expected cash flows include assumptions about key systematic risks and loan-specific information.

 

There are inherent risks and uncertainties in management's evaluation of securities for OTTI. These risks and uncertainties include factors both external and internal to the Company, such as general economic conditions, an issuer's financial condition or near-term recovery prospects, market interest rates, unforeseen events which affect one or more issuers or industry sectors, and portfolio management parameters, including asset mix, interest rate risk, portfolio diversification, duration matching and greater than expected liquidity needs. All of these factors could impact management's evaluation of securities for OTTI.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (continued)

 

For securities that are assessed to have incurred a credit loss, the amount of credit loss is calculated based upon the cash flows that the Company expects to collect given an assessment of the relevant facts and circumstances for the issuer and specific bond issue. Such factors include the financial condition, credit quality, and the near-term prospects of the issuer, as well as the issuer's relative liquidity, among other factors.

 

The Company recorded OTTI credit losses in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations totaling $0.1 million and $0.9 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, for OTTI on its available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. The $0.1 million OTTI credit loss recorded during the six-month period ended June 30, 2011 was concentrated in structured securities issued by sponsored securitization vehicles. The $0.9 million credit loss OTTI recorded during the six-month period ended June 30, 2010 was concentrated in corporate debt of financial institutions. These impairments were driven primarily by adverse financial conditions of the issuers.

 

The following table rolls forward the amount of credit losses recognized in earnings on debt securities, for which a portion of the OTTI was also recognized in other comprehensive income for the six-month periods ended June 30, (in 000's):

 

 

  2011  2010
      
Beginning Balance, at January 1,$5,847 $9,148
Add: Credit losses on OTTI not previously recognized 71  885
Less: Credit losses on securities sold (5,427)  (1,699)
Less: Increases in cash flows expected on previously impaired securities -  (1,276)
Other 3,341  -
Ending balance, at June 30,$3,832 $7,058

 

The following table rolls forward the amount of credit losses recognized in earnings on debt securities, for which a portion of the OTTI was also recognized in other comprehensive income for the six-month periods ended June 30, (in 000's):

 

  2011  2010
      
Beginning balance, at April 1, $ 5,315 $ 7,976
Less: Credit losses on securities sold  (1,483)   (731)
Less: Increases in cash flows expected on previously     
impaired securities  -   -
Ending balance, at June 30,$ 3,832 $ 7,058

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

MORTGAGE LOANS

 

The Company invests in commercial first mortgage loans throughout the United States. Investments are diversified by geographic area. The Company's mortgage loans are collateralized by the related properties and generally are no more than 75% of the property's value at the time that the original loan is made. The carrying value of mortgage loans, net of applicable allowances, was as follow:

 

  June 30, 2011December 31, 2010
     
Total mortgage loans$1,605,920$1,737,528

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the principal or interest is not collectible in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The allowance for credit losses is estimated using the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. A specific allowance for loan loss is established for an impaired loan if the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the loan collateral, less cost to sell, is less than the recorded amount of the loan. A general allowance for loan loss is established based on an assessment of past loss experience on a group of loans with similar characteristics and current economic conditions. While management believes that it uses the best information available to establish the allowances, future adjustments may become necessary if economic conditions differ from the assumptions used in calculating them.

 

Delinquency status is determined based upon the occurrence of a missed contract payment. The following table sets forth an age analysis of past due loans in the Company's mortgage loan portfolio.

 

 Gross Carrying Value
 June 30, 2011December 31, 2010
Past due:    
Between 30 and 59 days$-$16,607
Between 60 and 89 days 5,653 12,333
90 days or more 17,253 19,310
Total past due 22,906 48,250
Current (1) 1,630,792 1,743,060
Total mortgage loans$1,653,698$1,791,310
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing$-$-

The Company's allowance for mortgage loan losses was as follow:

 

 Allowance for Loan Loss
 June 30, 2011December 31, 2010
     
General allowance$23,662$23,662
Specific allowance 24,116 30,120
Total$47,778$53,782

(1)       Included in the $1,630.8 million and $1,743.1 million of the Company's mortgage loans in current status at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are $176.9 million and $165.6 million, respectively, of mortgage loans that are impaired but not past due.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

MORTGAGE LOANS (CONTINUED)

 

The Company individually evaluates all its mortgage loans for impairment and records a specific provision for those deemed impaired. The Company also collectively evaluates most of its mortgage loans (excluding those for which a specific allowance was recorded) for impairment. At June 30, 2011, the Company individually and collectively evaluated loans with a gross carrying value of $1,653.7 million and $1,540.8 million, respectively. At December 31,2010, the Company individually and collectively evaluated loans with a gross carrying value of $1,791.3 million and $1,706.0 million, respectively.

 

The credit quality indicator for the Company's mortgage loans is an internal risk-rated measure based on the borrowers' ability to pay and the value of the underlying collateral. The internal risk rating is related to an increasing likelihood of loss, with a low quality rating representing the category in which a loss is first expected. The following table shows the gross carrying value of the Company's mortgage loans disaggregated by credit quality indicator.

 

 June 30, 2011December 31, 2010
Insured$-$-
High  373,319 394,288
Standard  510,333 544,243
Satisfactory  308,921 333,086
Low quality  461,125 519,693
Total$1,653,698$1,791,310

The following table shows the gross carrying value of impaired mortgage loans and related allowances at June 30, 2011:

 

 With no allowance recorded With an allowance recorded Total
Gross carrying value$127,008 $72,808 $199,816
Unpaid principal balance$128,320 $77,563 $205,883
Related allowance$- $24,116 $24,116
Average recorded investment$126,333 $80,613 $206,946

The following table shows the gross carrying value of impaired mortgage loans and related allowances at December 31,2010:

 

 With no allowance recorded With an allowance recorded Total
Gross carrying value$119,323 $85,281 $204,604
Unpaid principal balance$120,417 $88,625 $209,042
Related allowance$- $30,120 $30,120
Average recorded investment$113,701 $86,575 $200,276

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

MORTGAGE LOANS (CONTINUED)

 

The average recorded investment in the impaired loans, the related amount of interest income recognized and cash receipts for interest on impaired mortgage loans were as follows (in 000's):

 

 For the six-month periods For the three-month periods
 ended June 30, ended June 30,
  2011  2010  2011  2010
            
Average investments$ 206,946 $ 176,642 $ 208,118 $ 179,948
Interest income$ 3,492 $ 3,345 $ 2,030 $ 1,537
Cash receipts on interest$ 2,995 $ 2,869 $ 1,533 $ 1,513

 

The gross carrying value of the Company's mortgage loans in a nonaccrual status was $108.1 million and $114.7 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31,2010, respectively.

 

The activity in the allowance for loan loss was as follows:

 

 June 30, 2011  December 31, 2010
      
Beginning balance$53,782 $42,782
Provision for allowance 4,471  26,742
Charge-offs (7,908)  (6,892)
Recoveries (2,567)  (8,850)
Ending balance$47,778 $53,782

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

 

 

The Company uses derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes to hedge against specific interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rates, equity market conditions, and to alter exposure arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities. Derivative instruments are recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value and are presented as assets or liabilities.

 

The Company does not employ hedge accounting. The Company believes that its derivatives provide economic hedges and the cost of formally documenting hedge effectiveness in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 815 is not justified. As a result, all changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in the current period operations as a component of net derivative income or loss.

 

Credit enhancement such as collateral is used to improve the credit risk of longer term derivative contracts.

 

It is common, and the Company's preferred practice, for the parties to execute a Credit Support Annex (“CSA”) in conjunction with the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreement. Under a CSA, collateral is passed between the parties to mitigate the market contingent counterparty risk inherent in outstanding positions.

 

The primary types of derivatives held by the Company include swap agreements, swaptions, futures, call/put options, foreign currency contracts and embedded derivatives, as described below.

 

Swap Agreements

 

As a component of its investment strategy, the Company utilizes swap agreements. Swap agreements are agreements to exchange with a counterparty a series of cash flow payments at pre-determined intervals and are based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified interest rates (fixed or floating), foreign currency exchange rates, or prices on an underlying principal balance (notional). Typically, no cash is exchanged at the outset of the contract and no principal payments are made by either party, except on certain foreign currency exchange swaps. A single net payment is usually made by one counterparty at pre-determined dates. The net payment is recorded as a component of net derivative income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

 

Interest rate swaps are generally used to change the character of cash flows (e.g. fixed payments to floating rate payments) for duration matching purposes and to manage exposures to changes in the risk-free interest rate.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

 

Swap Agreements (continued)

 

Foreign currency swaps are utilized as an economic hedge against changes in foreign currencies associated with certain non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows. From 2005 through 2006, the Company marketed guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) to unrelated third parties. Each GIC transaction is highly-individualized, but typically involves the issuance of foreign currency denominated contracts backed by cross currency swaps or equity-linked cross currency swaps. The combination of the currency swaps with interest rate swaps allows the Company to lock in U.S. dollar fixed rate payments for the life of the contract.

 

On September 6, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with the CARS Trust, whereby the Company is the sole beneficiary of the CARS Trust. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on the CARS Trust.

 

Swaptions

 

The Company utilizes payer swaptions to hedge exposure to interest rate risk. Swaptions give the buyer the option to enter into an interest rate swap per the terms of the original swaption agreement. A premium is paid on settlement date and no further cash transactions occur until the positions settle or expire. At expiration, the swaption either cash settles for value, settles into an interest rate swap, or expires worthless per the terms of the original swaption agreement.

 

Futures

 

Futures contracts, both long and short, are entered into for purposes of hedging liabilities on fixed index and variable annuity products containing guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum living benefit features, with cash flows based on changes in equity indices. Certain futures are also utilized to hedge interest rate risk associated with these products. On the trade date, an initial cash margin is exchanged. Daily cash is exchanged to settle the daily variation margin.

 

Call/Put Options

 

In addition to short futures, the Company also utilizes both over-the-counter (“OTC”) and listed put options on major indices to hedge against stock market exposure inherent in the guaranteed minimum death benefit and living benefit features of the Company's variable annuities. Unlike futures, however, these options require initial cash outlays. The Company also purchases OTC call options on major indices to economically hedge its obligations under certain fixed annuity contracts, as well as enhance income on the underlying assets. On the trade date, an initial cash margin is exchanged for listed options. Daily cash is exchanged to settle the daily variation margin.

 

Foreign Currency Contracts

 

A foreign currency contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell currencies at the current market rate, for settlement at a specified future date. Foreign currency contracts are utilized as an economic hedge against changes in foreign currencies associated with certain non-U.S. dollar denominated cash flows.

 

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

 

Embedded Derivatives

 

The Company performs a quarterly analysis of its new contracts, agreements and financial instruments for embedded derivatives. No embedded derivatives require bifurcation from financial assets. However, the Company issues certain annuity contracts and enters into reinsurance agreements that contain derivatives embedded in the contract. Upon issuing the contract, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract (annuity contract or reinsurance agreement) and is carried at fair value. Refer to Note 6 for further information regarding derivatives embedded in reinsurance contracts; refer to Note 8 for further information regarding derivatives embedded in annuity contracts.

 

The following is a summary of the Company's derivative positions at:

 

 At June 30, 2011At December 31, 2010
 Number of ContractsPrincipal Notional (2)Number of ContractsPrincipal Notional (2)
       
Interest rate swaps 73$5,602,50070$5,443,500
Currency swaps6 368,4407 349,460
Credit default swaps 1 37,4001 37,400
Currency forwards24 36,98536 44,149
Swaptions- -1 350,000
Futures (1)(27,160) 3,248,425(25,699) 2,918,839
Index call options8,895 1,803,0139,604 1,858,109
Index put options3,000 396,1924,100 515,632
Total $11,492,955 $11,517,089

(1) A mount represents the Company's short position.

(2) In thousands.

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

 

With the exception of embedded derivatives, all derivatives are carried at fair value in derivative instruments – receivable or derivative instruments – payable in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Embedded derivatives related to reinsurance agreements and annuity contracts are carried at fair value in contractholder deposit funds and other policy liabilities in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following is a summary of the Company's derivative asset and liability positions by primary risk exposure (in 000's).

 

 

 At June 30, 2011At December 31, 2010
  Asset Derivatives Fair Value (a) Liability Derivatives Fair Value (a) Asset Derivatives Fair Value (a) Liability Derivatives Fair Value (a)
             
Interest rate contracts $100,122 $282,615 $97,060 $329,214
Foreign currency contracts  36,988  6,767  32,504  3,878
Equity contracts  82,597   -  59,397  -
Credit contracts   -  22,563  -  27,341
Futures contracts (b)  1,137  23,550  9,103  1,590
Total derivative instruments  220,844  335,495  198,064  362,023
Embedded derivatives (c)  10,199  228,914  2,896  178,069
Total $231,043 $564,409 $200,960 $540,092

  • Amounts are presented without consideration of cross-transaction netting and collateral.
  • Futures contracts include interest rate, equity price and foreign currency exchange risks.
  • Embedded derivatives expose the Company to a combination of credit, interest rate and equity price risks.

 

All realized and unrealized derivative gains and losses are recorded in net derivative loss in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following is a summary of the Company's realized and unrealized gains (losses) by derivative type (in 000's):

 

 2011 2010
      
Interest rate contracts$8,085 $(78,669)
Foreign currency contracts (4,289)  (5,425)
Equity contracts (4,166)  (14,012)
Credit contracts 4,778  623
Futures contracts (113,701)  140,402
Embedded derivatives 1,294  (610,084)
Net derivative loss$(107,999) $(567,165)

   For the six-month periods ended June 30  For the three-month periods ended June 30
   2011  2010  2011  2010
             
Interest rate contracts $8,085 $(78,669) $17,007 $(36,225)
Foreign currency contracts  (4,289)  (5,425)  (1,666)  (1,966)
Equity contracts  (4,166)  (14,012)  (14,670)  (8,783)
Credit contracts  4,778  623  1,283  886
Futures contracts  (113,701)  140,402  7,178  212,177
Embedded derivatives  1,294  (610,084)  (144,902)  (691,804)
Net derivative loss $(107,999) $(567,165) $(135,770) $(525,715)

 

5. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Credit risk relates to the uncertainty of an obligor's continued ability to make timely payments in accordance with the contractual terms of the instrument or contract. With derivative instruments, the Company is primarily exposed to credit risk through its counterparty relationships. The Company primarily manages credit risk through policies which address the quality of counterparties, contractual requirements for transacting with counterparties and collateral support agreements, and limitations on counterparty concentrations. Exposures by counterparty and counterparty credit ratings are monitored closely. All of the contracts are held with counterparties rated A- or higher. As of June 30, 2011, the Company's liability positions were linked to a total of 11 counterparties, of which the largest single unaffiliated counterparty payable, net of collateral, had credit exposure of $22.6 million to the Company. As of June 30, 2011, the Company's asset positions were linked to a total of 10 counterparties, of which the largest single unaffiliated counterparty receivable net of collateral, had credit exposure of $4.2 million.

 

Credit-related Contingent Features

 

All derivative transactions are covered under standardized contractual agreements with counterparties all of which include credit-related contingent features. Certain counterparty relationships may also include supplementary agreements with such tailored terms as additional triggers for early terminations, acceptable practices related to cross transaction netting, or minimum thresholds for determining collateral.

 

Credit-related triggers include failure to pay or deliver on an obligation past certain grace periods, bankruptcy or the downgrade of credit ratings to below a stipulated level. These triggers apply to both the Company and its counterparty. The aggregate value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $335.5 million and $362.0 million, respectively.

 

In the event of an early termination, the Company might be required to accelerate payments to counterparties, up to the current value of its liability positions, offset by the value of previously pledged collateral and cross-transaction netting. If payments cannot be exchanged simultaneously at early termination, funds also will be held in escrow to facilitate settlement. If an early termination was triggered on June 30, 2011, the Company would have no net obligation to settle.

 

If counterparties are unable to meet accelerated payment obligations, the Company also may be exposed to uncollectible asset positions, offset by the value of collateral that has been posted by the Company.

 

At June 30, 2011, the Company pledged $201.3 million in U.S. Treasury securities as collateral to counterparties. At June 30, 2011, counterparties pledged to the Company $81.7 million in collateral, comprised of cash and U.S. Treasury securities.