Derivatives

ASC 815 requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheet as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative is dependent upon whether or not the derivative has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment and the type of hedging relationship. For derivatives designated and qualifying as hedging instruments, the Company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

The Company uses derivative instruments in an attempt to manage its exposure to foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk. Foreign forward exchange contracts are used to manage the price risk associated with forecasted sales denominated in foreign currencies and the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of inventory over the next twelve months. Interest rate swaps are, at times, utilized to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed and floating-rate borrowings.

The Company recognizes its derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet measured at fair value. A majority of the Company’s derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedged item, if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change.

During a portion of 2014 and all of 2013, the Company was a party to interest rate swap agreements that qualified as cash flow hedges and effectively converted floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt, so the Company could avoid the risk of changes in market interest rates. The gains or losses on interest rate swaps are reflected in interest expense on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

To protect against increases/decreases in forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from inventory purchases/sales over the next year, the Company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to hedge portions of its forecasted purchases/sales denominated in foreign currencies. The gains and losses are included in cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). If it is later determined that a hedged forecasted transaction is unlikely to occur, any prospective gains or losses on the forward contracts would be recognized in earnings. The Company does not expect any material amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to forward contract cash flow hedges during the next twelve months.

The Company has historically not recognized any material amount of ineffectiveness related to forward contract cash flow hedges because the Company generally limits its hedges to between 60% and 90% of total forecasted transactions for a given entity’s exposure to currency rate changes and the transactions hedged are recurring in nature. Furthermore, the majority of the hedged transactions are related to intercompany sales and purchases for which settlement occurs on a specific day each month. Forward contracts with a total notional amount in USD of $41,504,000 and $75,127,000 matured for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 compared to forward contracts with a total notional amount in USD of $47,179,000 and $80,673,000 that matured for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013.

Outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts qualifying and designated for hedge accounting treatment were as follows (in thousands USD):



	June 30, 2014					December 31, 2013
	Notional Amount		Unrealized Net Gain (Loss)			Notional Amount		Unrealized Net Gain (Loss)
USD / AUD	$	1,164	$	(63	)	$	—	$	—
USD / CNY	6,437		(129		)	11,730		(66		)
USD / CHF	207		(1		)	486		4
USD / EUR	31,321		(5		)	51,106		(168		)
USD / GBP	1,499		(59		)	2,686		(45		)
USD / NZD	1,266		(25		)	—		—
USD / SEK	979		37			2,485		58
USD / MXP	5,730		191			5,960		102
EUR / AUD	351		(20		)	—		—
EUR / CAD	798		15			1,710		(1		)
EUR / CHF	1,559		13			2,654		1
EUR / DKK	647		(1		)	1,382		(5		)
EUR / GBP	15,844		(643		)	29,614		(501		)
EUR / SEK	1,807		88			3,432		75
EUR / NOK	1,801		(13		)	3,135		66
EUR / NZD	3,854		232			6,959		(111		)
AUD / CAD	936		1			—		—
AUD / NZD	586		(7		)	—		—
GBP / CHF	448		(21		)	837		(26		)
GBP / SEK	1,111		(103		)	2,078		(101		)
DKK / SEK	2,525		(89		)	5,337		(94		)
NOK / SEK	1,683		(66		)	3,418		31
	$	82,553	$	(668	)	$	135,009	$	(781	)

Derivatives Not Qualifying or Designated for Hedge Accounting Treatment

The Company also utilizes foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedges in accordance with ASC 815. These contracts are entered into to eliminate the risk associated with the settlement of short-term intercompany trading receivables and payables between Invacare Corporation and its foreign subsidiaries. The currency forward contracts are entered into at the same time as the intercompany receivables or payables are created so that upon settlement, the gain/loss on the settlement is offset by the gain/loss on the foreign currency forward contract. No material net gain or loss was realized by the Company in 2014 or 2013 related to these contracts and the associated short-term intercompany trading receivables and payables.

Foreign currency forward exchange contracts not qualifying or designated for hedge accounting treatment entered into in 2014 and 2013, respectively, and outstanding were as follows (in thousands USD):



	June 30, 2014					December 31, 2013
	Notional Amount		Gain (Loss)			Notional Amount		Gain (Loss)
AUD / USD	$	1,700	$	(16	)	$	225	$	(1	)
CAD / USD	5,589		28			—		$	—
CNY / USD	2,599		(43		)	—		—
EUR / USD	19,157		14			14,867		250
CHF / USD	—		—			1,645		35
DKK / USD	5,533		(37		)	—		—
NZD / USD	7,200		(10		)	3,824		(1		)
EUR / AUD	—		—			2,039		80
EUR / CAD	38		1			—		—
EUR / DKK	68		—			5,470		(3		)
AUD / CAD	—		—			5,989		10
AUD / EUR	2,142		(81		)	—		—
EUR / NOK	8		—			—		—
	$	44,034	$	(144	)	$	34,059	$	370

The fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments were as follows (in thousands):



	June 30, 2014				December 31, 2013
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	$	685	$	1,353	$	414	$	1,195
Interest rate swap contracts	—		—		—		12
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	95		239		375		5
Total derivatives	$	780	$	1,592	$	789	$	1,212

The fair values of the Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contract assets and liabilities are included in Other Current Assets and Accrued Expenses, respectively in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The effect of derivative instruments on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and the Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and was as follows (in thousands):



Derivatives in ASC 815 cash flow hedge relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion)			Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion)			Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
Three months ended June 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	$	310		$	(328	)	$	(22	)
Interest rate swap contracts	(8		)	(12		)	—
	$	302		$	(340	)	$	(22	)
Six months ended June 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	$	(324	)	$	(454	)	$	(22	)
Interest rate swap contracts	—			(12		)	—
	$	(324	)	$	(466	)	$	(22	)
Three months ended June, 2013
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	$	(533	)	$	318		$	(22	)
Interest rate swap contracts	137			(59		)	—
	$	(396	)	$	259		$	(22	)
Six months ended June 30, 2013
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts	$	447		$	132		$	35
Interest rate swap contracts	400			(126		)	—
	$	847		$	6		$	35

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815							Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three months ended June 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts							$	201
Six months ended June 30, 2014
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts							$	(144	)
Three months ended June 30, 2013
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts							$	1,427
Six months ended June 30, 2013
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts							$	256

The gains or losses recognized as the result of the settlement of cash flow hedge foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in net sales for hedges of inventory sales and in cost of product sold for hedges of inventory purchases. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, net sales were decreased by $138,000 and $148,000 while cost of product sold was increased by $251,000 and $384,000 for net pre-tax realized losses of $389,000 and $532,000, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, net sales were increased by $306,000 and $442,000 while cost of product sold was decreased by $31,000 and increased by $325,000 for net realized pre-tax gains of $337,000 and $117,000, respectively.

The Company recognized pre-tax expense of $12,000 for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 compared to pre-tax expense of $59,000 and $126,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, related to interest rate swap agreements, which is reflected in interest expense on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

A gain of $201,000 and a loss of $144,000 were recognized in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, compared to gains of $1,427,000 and $256,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, on ineffective forward contracts and forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments that were entered into to offset gains/losses that were also recorded in SG&A expenses on intercompany trade receivables or payables. Any gains/losses on the non-designated hedging instruments were substantially offset by gains/losses also recorded in SG&A expenses on intercompany trade payables.

The Company has entered into foreign currency forward exchange contracts and, at times, interest rate swap contracts (the “agreements”) with various bank counterparties, each of which are subject to provisions which are similar to a master netting agreement. The agreements provide for a net settlement payment in a single currency upon a default by the Company. Furthermore, the agreements provide the counterparty with a right of set off in the event of a default that would enable the counterparty to offset any net payment due by the counterparty to the Company under the applicable agreement by any amount due by the Company to the counterparty under any other agreement. For example, the terms of the agreement would permit a counterparty to a derivative contract that is also a lender under the Company's Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to reduce any derivative settlement amounts owed to the Company under the derivative contract by any amounts owed to the counterparty by the Company under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. In addition, the agreements contain cross-default provisions that could trigger a default by the Company under the agreement in the event of a default by the Company under another agreement with the same counterparty. The Company does not present any derivatives on a net basis in its financial statements and all derivative balances presented are subject to provisions that are similar to master netting agreements.