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Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses

Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses


The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2021
   
December 31, 2020
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
           
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
117,887
   
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
171,881
     
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
165,460
     
162,896
 
Multifamily
   
20,880
     
22,812
 
Construction
   
50,814
     
43,732
 
Second mortgages
   
9,707
     
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit
   
51,238
     
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
   
587,867
     
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
119,911
     
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans
   
79,544
     
80,390
 
Other consumer loans
   
36,990
     
37,978
 
Other (1)
   
8,361
     
8,067
 
Total loans, net of deferred fees
   
832,673
     
836,300
 
Less:  Allowance for loan losses
   
9,473
     
9,541
 
Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2)
 
$
823,200
   
$
826,759
 

(1)
Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above.  Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $254 thousand and $271 thousand at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)
Net deferred loan fees totaled $2.4 million and $2.1 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Acquired Loans
The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of total acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2021
   
December 31, 2020
 
Outstanding principal balance
 
$
6,500
   
$
8,671
 
Carrying amount
   
6,460
     
8,602
 



The Company did not have any outstanding principal balance or related carrying amount of purchased credit-impaired loans as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The following table presents changes in the accretable yield on purchased credit-impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30, at June 30, 2021 and 2020:


(dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2021
   
June 30, 2020
 
Balance at January 1
 
$
-
   
$
72
 
Accretion
    -      
(19
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
-
   
$
53
 



CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION

The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance.



The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows:

 
Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk.
 
Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.
 
Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature.
 
Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable.
 
Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.


The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated:


Credit Quality Information
 
As of June 30, 2021
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
OAEM
   
Substandard
   
Doubtful
   
Total
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                             
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
117,714
   
$
-
   
$
173
   
$
-
   
$
117,887
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
168,615
     
2,422
     
844
     
-
     
171,881
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
164,549
     
726
     
185
     
-
     
165,460
 
Multifamily
   
20,880
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
20,880
 
Construction
   
49,574
     
1,110
     
130
     
-
     
50,814
 
Second mortgages
   
9,707
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
9,707
 
Equity lines of credit
   
51,238
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
51,238
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
582,277
   
$
4,258
   
$
1,332
   
$
-
   
$
587,867
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
119,607
     
304
     
-
     
-
     
119,911
 
Consumer automobile loans
   
79,263
     
-
     
281
     
-
     
79,544
 
Other consumer loans
   
36,990
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
36,990
 
Other
   
8,361
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
8,361
 
Total
 
$
826,498
   
$
4,562
   
$
1,613
   
$
-
   
$
832,673
 


Credit Quality Information
 
As of December 31, 2020
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
   
OAEM
   
Substandard
   
Doubtful
   
Total
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                             
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
122,621
   
$
-
   
$
179
   
$
-
   
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
148,738
     
2,462
     
2,755
     
-
     
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
162,148
     
748
     
-
     
-
     
162,896
 
Multifamily
   
22,812
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
22,812
 
Construction
   
42,734
     
998
     
-
     
-
     
43,732
 
Second mortgages
   
11,178
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit
   
50,746
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
560,977
   
$
4,208
   
$
2,934
   
$
-
   
$
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
141,391
     
355
     
-
     
-
     
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans
   
79,997
     
-
     
393
     
-
     
80,390
 
Other consumer loans
   
37,978
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
37,978
 
Other
   
8,067
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
8,067
 
Total
 
$
828,410
   
$
4,563
   
$
3,327
   
$
-
   
$
836,300
 

 

AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS

All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection.


Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of June 30, 2021
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
30 - 59
Days Past
Due
   
60 - 89
Days
Past Due
   
90 or More
Days Past
Due and
still
Accruing
   
PCI
   
Nonaccrual
(2)
   
Total
Current
Loans (1)
   
Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                                         
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
-
   
$
14
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
245
   
$
117,628
   
$
117,887
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
-
     
-
     
58
     
-
     
843
     
170,980
     
171,881
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
185
     
165,275
     
165,460
 
Multifamily
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
20,880
     
20,880
 
Construction
   
65
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
130
     
50,619
     
50,814
 
Second mortgages
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
9,707
     
9,707
 
Equity lines of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
51,238
     
51,238
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
65
   
$
14
   
$
58
   
$
-
   
$
1,403
   
$
586,327
   
$
587,867
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
119,911
     
119,911
 
Consumer automobile loans
   
591
     
132
     
306
     
-
     
-
     
78,515
     
79,544
 
Other consumer loans
   
539
     
201
     
626
     
-
     
-
     
35,624
     
36,990
 
Other
   
16
     
2
     
3
     
-
     
-
     
8,340
     
8,361
 
Total
 
$
1,211
   
$
349
   
$
993
   
$
-
   
$
1,403
   
$
828,717
   
$
832,673
 


(1)
For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due.
(2)
For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column.


In the table above, the past due totals include student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.0 million at June 30, 2021. 


Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2020
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
30 - 59
Days Past
Due
   
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
   
90 or More
Days Past
Due and
still
Accruing
   
PCI
   
Nonaccrual
(2)
   
Total
Current
Loans (1)
   
Total
Loans
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                                         
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
478
   
$
164
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
311
   
$
121,847
   
$
122,800
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
903
     
153,052
     
153,955
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
162,896
     
162,896
 
Multifamily
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
22,812
     
22,812
 
Construction
   
-
     
88
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
43,644
     
43,732
 
Second mortgages
   
41
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
11,137
     
11,178
 
Equity lines of credit
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
50,746
     
50,746
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
519
   
$
252
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
1,214
   
$
566,134
   
$
568,119
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
753
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
140,993
     
141,746
 
Consumer automobile loans
   
1,159
     
190
     
196
     
-
     
-
     
78,845
     
80,390
 
Other consumer loans
   
1,120
     
555
     
548
     
-
     
-
     
35,755
     
37,978
 
Other
   
24
     
3
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
8,040
     
8,067
 
Total
 
$
3,575
   
$
1,000
   
$
744
   
$
-
   
$
1,214
   
$
829,767
   
$
836,300
 

(1)
For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due.
(2)
For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column.


In the table above, the past due totals include student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.2 million at December 31, 2020.

Although the portions of the student loan portfolios that are 90 days or more past due would normally be considered impaired, the Company does not include these loans in its impairment analysis. Because the federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these student loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 98% of the total principal and interest of the loans as of June 30, 2021, management does not expect significant increases in delinquencies of these loans to have a material effect on the Company.

Under the CARES Act, borrowers who were making payments as required and were not considered past due prior to becoming affected by COVID-19 and then received payment accommodations as a result of the effects of COVID-19 generally would not be reported as past due.  If the Company agreed to a payment deferral for a borrower under the CARES Act, this may result in no contractual payments being past due, and the loans are not considered past due during the period of the deferral.

NONACCRUAL LOANS
The Company generally places commercial and industrial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection.

Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due.

Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection.

When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months.

The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated:

Nonaccrual Loans by Class

(dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2021
   
December 31, 2020
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
           
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
245
   
$
311
 
Commercial - owner occupied
   
843
     
903
 
Commercial - non-owner occupied
   
185
     
-
 
Construction
   
130
     
-
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
1,403
   
$
1,214
 
Total
 
$
1,403
   
$
1,214
 

The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented:

 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
(dollars in thousand)
2021
 
2020
 
Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms
 
$
61
   
$
118
 
Actual interest income recorded for the period
   
-
     
8
 
Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans
 
$
61
   
$
110
 




TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
The Company’s loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a TDR, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date.

When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as stated in the impaired loan section below.

There were no new TDRs in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

At June 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. The Company had no loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate in the process of foreclosure at June 30, 2021 and 2020.

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off.

All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below.

IMPAIRED LOANS
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance.

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost-recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by partial charge-offs and payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if these partial charge-offs did not occur and as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes.

The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans, exclusive of purchased credit-impaired loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances.

Impaired Loans by Class

    
As of June 30, 2021
   
For the Six Months Ended
June 30, 2021
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal
Balance
   
Without
Valuation
Allowance
   
With Valuation
Allowance
   
Associated
Allowance
   
Average
Recorded
Investment
   
Interest Income
Recognized
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                                   
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
412
   
$
72
   
$
311
   
$
36
   
$
387
   
$
-
 
Commercial
   
2,931
     
1,098
     
432
     
12
     
1,500
     
1
 
Construction
   
212
     
130
     
81
     
-
     
212
     
2
 
Second mortgages
   
131
     
-
     
129
     
3
     
130
     
3
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
   
3,686
     
1,300
     
953
     
51
     
2,229
     
6
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
4
     
3
     
-
     
-
     
4
     
-
 
Other consumer loans
   
12
     
11
     
-
     
-
     
11
     
-
 
Total
 
$
3,702
   
$
1,314
   
$
953
   
$
51
   
$
2,244
   
$
6
 


Impaired Loans by Class


           
    
As of December 31, 2020
   
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2020
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal
Balance
   
Without
Valuation
Allowance
   
With Valuation
Allowance
   
Associated
Allowance
   
Average
Recorded
Investment
   
Interest Income
Recognized
 
Mortgage loans on real estate:
                                   
Residential 1-4 family
 
$
474
   
$
366
   
$
87
   
$
1
   
$
458
   
$
10
 
Commercial
   
3,490
     
1,306
     
121
     
1
     
2,559
     
46
 
Construction
   
83
     
-
     
83
     
-
     
84
     
5
 
Second mortgages
   
133
     
-
     
133
     
9
     
134
     
5
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
   
4,180
     
1,672
     
424
     
11
     
3,235
     
66
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
6
     
6
     
-
     
-
     
7
     
-
 
Other consumer loans
   
14
     
14
     
-
     
-
     
15
     
1
 
Total
 
$
4,200
   
$
1,692
   
$
424
   
$
11
   
$
3,257
   
$
67
 

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report).  Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into six classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate - owner occupied, commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, multifamily, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.

The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented.

Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows:

 
Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision.
 
Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project.
 
Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts.
 
Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.
 
Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates or fluctuate in active trading markets.

Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 management used eight twelve-quarter migration periods.

Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified as impaired, and are individually analyzed for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the present value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan.

Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment.

Given the timing of the outbreak in the United States of the COVID-19 pandemic combined with government stimulus actions for both individuals and small businesses, management does not believe that the Company’s performance in relation to credit quality during 2020 or the first two quarters of 2021 was significantly impacted. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to the global economy in general and the financial services sector in particular. However, there is still significant uncertainty regarding the overall length of the pandemic and the aggregate impact that it will have on global and regional economies, including uncertainties regarding the potential positive effects of governmental actions taken in response to the pandemic. With so much uncertainty, it is impossible for the Company to accurately predict the impact that the pandemic will have on the Company’s primary market and the overall extent to which it will affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic which may include additional provision for loan losses.

Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree’s previously established ALLL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit-impaired or purchased performing.

Purchased performing loans are accounted for under ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. The difference between the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the loan at acquisition date (premium or discount) is amortized or accreted into interest income over the life of the loans. If the purchased performing loan has revolving privileges, it is accounted for using the straight-line method; otherwise, the effective interest method is used.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT
The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $9.5 million adequate to cover probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at June 30, 2021.

The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS

For the Six Months ended June 30, 2021
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
and Industrial
   
Real Estate Construction
   
Real Estate -
Mortgage (1)
   
Real Estate -
Commercial
   
Consumer (2)
   
Other
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses:
                                               
Balance, beginning
 
$
650
   
$
339
   
$
2,560
   
$
4,434
   
$
1,302
   
$
123
   
$
133
   
$
9,541
 
Charge-offs
   
(4
)
   
-
     
(1
)
   
-
     
(434
)
   
(186
)
   
-
     
(625
)
Recoveries
   
21
     
-
     
56
     
1
     
250
     
79
     
-
     
407
 
Provision for loan losses
   
54
     
77
     
(150
)
   
(39
)
   
170
     
148
     
(110
)
   
150
 
Ending Balance
 
$
721
   
$
416
   
$
2,465
   
$
4,396
   
$
1,288
   
$
164
   
$
23
   
$
9,473
 
                                                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
39
   
$
12
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
51
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
721
     
416
     
2,426
     
4,384
     
1,288
     
164
     
23
     
9,422
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
             
-
 
                                                                 
Ending Balance
 
$
721
   
$
416
   
$
2,465
   
$
4,396
   
$
1,288
   
$
164
   
$
23
   
$
9,473
 
                                                                 
Loans Balances:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
   
3
     
211
     
512
     
1,530
     
11
     
-
     
-
     
2,267
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
119,908
     
50,603
     
199,200
     
335,811
     
116,523
     
8,361
     
-
     
830,406
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
             
-
 
Ending Balance
 
$
119,911
   
$
50,814
   
$
199,712
   
$
337,341
   
$
116,534
   
$
8,361
   
$
-
   
$
832,673
 

(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(2)
The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans.

For the Year ended December 31, 2020
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Commercial
and Industrial
   
Real Estate Construction
   
Real Estate -
Mortgage (1)
   
Real Estate -
Commercial
   
Consumer (2)
   
Other
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses:
                                               
Balance, beginning
 
$
1,244
   
$
258
   
$
2,505
   
$
3,663
   
$
1,694
   
$
296
   
$
-
   
$
9,660
 
Charge-offs
   
(25
)
   
-
     
(149
)
   
(654
)
   
(822
)
   
(355
)
   
-
     
(2,005
)
Recoveries
   
47
     
10
     
69
     
317
     
377
     
66
     
-
     
886
 
Provision for loan losses
   
(616
)
   
71
     
135
     
1,108
     
53
     
116
     
133
     
1,000
 
Ending Balance
 
$
650
   
$
339
   
$
2,560
   
$
4,434
   
$
1,302
   
$
123
   
$
133
   
$
9,541
 
                                                                 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
10
   
$
1
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
11
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
650
     
339
     
2,550
     
4,433
     
1,302
     
123
     
133
     
9,530
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
             
-
 
                                                                 
Ending Balance
 
$
650
   
$
339
   
$
2,560
   
$
4,434
   
$
1,302
   
$
123
   
$
133
   
$
9,541
 
                                                                 
Loans Balances:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
   
6
     
83
     
586
     
1,427
     
14
     
-
     
-
     
2,116
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
141,740
     
43,649
     
206,950
     
315,424
     
118,354
     
8,067
     
-
     
834,184
 
Purchased credit-impaired loans
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
             
-
 
Ending Balance
 
$
141,746
   
$
43,732
   
$
207,536
   
$
316,851
   
$
118,368
   
$
8,067
   
$
-
   
$
836,300
 

(1)
The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit.
(2)
The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans.