10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS

PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ________________.

Commission File Number 0-13301

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.

(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	88-0168936
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
of incorporation or organization)

7610 Miramar Road, Bldg. 6000, San Diego, California 92126-4202

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(858) 549-6340

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	RFIL	NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒ Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   ☒ Yes     ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging Growth Company ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     ☐ Yes    ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $59.9 million.

On January 2, 2023, the Registrant had 10,193,287 outstanding shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value.

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Forward-Looking Statements:

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), and other oral and written statements made by the Company from time to time are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including those that discuss strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters, or projected revenues, income, returns or other financial measures. In some cases forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “except,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in such statements. Among the most important of these risks and uncertainties are the ability of the Company to meet customer demand through pricing and product offerings and efficient inventory and distribution channel management, to continue to source our raw materials and products from our suppliers and manufacturers, particularly those in Asia, the market demand for our products, which market demand is dependent in large part on the state of the telecommunications industry and whether plans to develop 4G and 5G networks accelerate as expected, as well as our ability to meet any such demand, the effect of future business acquisitions and dispositions, the incurrence of impairment charges, and competition.

Important factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements are described in the Section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K, and other risks identified from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting such forward-looking statements.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a national manufacturer and marketer of interconnect products and systems, including high-performance components such as RF connectors and adapters, dividers, directional couplers and filters, coaxial cables, data cables, wire harnesses, fiber optic cables, custom cabling, energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell enclosures. Through our manufacturing and production facilities, we provide a wide selection of interconnect products and solutions primarily to telecommunications carriers and equipment manufacturers, wireless and network infrastructure carriers and manufacturers and to various original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in several market segments. We also design, engineer, manufacture and sell energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell solutions and related components.

We operate through two reporting segments: (i) the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment, and (ii) the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment. The RF Connector segment primarily designs, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad range of RF connector, adapter, coupler, divider, and cable products, including coaxial passives and cable assemblies that are used in telecommunications and information technology, OEM markets and other end markets. The Custom Cabling segment designs, manufactures, markets and distributes custom copper and fiber cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic and power solution cables, electromechanical wiring harnesses, wiring harnesses for a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets, energy-efficient cooling systems for wireless base stations and remote equipment shelters and custom designed, pole-ready 5G small cell integrated enclosures.

Recent Events

On March 1, 2022, we purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab/FXR LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company (“Microlab”) from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021. The consideration for the acquisition was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under a $17 million term loan (the “Term Loan”) with Bank of America, N.A. and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. The Term Loan was issued as part of a loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A. which also provided the Company with a $3 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the Term Loan, the “Credit Facility”).

The primary interest rate for the Revolving Credit Facility is based on the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate plus a margin of 2.00%. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Term Loan may be drawn in one disbursement, at the election of the Company. As described above, we drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are available for general working capital purposes and Borrowings under the Term Loan are available for the acquisition of Microlab. See, “Item 1. Business—Acquisition of Microlab/FXR LLC," below.

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Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems for signal conditioning and distribution in the wireless infrastructure markets as well as for use in medical devices. Microlab products are used in small cell deployments, distributed antenna systems, in-building wireless solutions and cellular base-stations. Microlab’s portfolio includes RF components for ultra-wideband frequency ranges deployed in commercial wireless networks utilizing mid-band spectrum allocations for 5G mobile broadband. We believe Microlab components possess unique capabilities in the area of broadband frequency coverage, minimal loss and low passive intermodulation (“PIM”). Microlab’s high performance components – such as power combiners, directional couplers, attenuators, terminators and filters – are used in broadband applications to support commercial in-building wireless networks, public safety networks, rail and transportation deployments, and global positioning system (“GPS”) signal distribution. Microlab also produces and sells various other products, including a portfolio of GPS digital repeaters and splitters for cellular timing synchronization as well as a passive systems monitor for real-time diagnostics of an in-building distributed antenna system (“DAS”). We have operated the Microlab business at Seller’s facilities in Hanover Township, Parsippany, New Jersey, pursuant to a sublease since closing of the acquisition. On October 19, 2022, we entered into two lease agreements for contiguous office and production space in Parsippany, New Jersey and will move the Microlab operations upon completion of certain improvements negotiated under the lease agreements. We expect Microlab to occupy this space on or around our second quarter of fiscal year 2023. The Microlab acquisition is in line with our previously announced strategy for driving revenue growth both organically and through the acquisition of companies that offer access to new products that can be sold to a growing customer base, including through an extensive distribution channel. Microlab's products are known worldwide for their superior quality and performance and are considered the gold standard in RF and microwave distribution systems. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities in the small cell and DAS markets, and that Microlab's products will provide the Company with additional scale and opportunity for further revenue growth.

Strategy

Our overall strategy is to provide our customers with a broad selection of products, rapid and high-quality service, and custom design capabilities, all at competitive prices. Specifically, our strategy is the following:

Provide rapid and flexible design and manufacturing services. Over the past few years we have focused our organization on providing a standardized portfolio, allowing for quick-turn readily available products, while having the capabilities, flexible design and manufacturing services to customize our offering to address customer specific requirements or applications.

Competitive pricing. Our manufacturing and distribution arrangements have been designed to lower costs and enable us to offer prices on both our standard and custom manufactured products that are competitive with the marketplace, all while keeping quality as a priority.

Leverage our manufacturing and distribution capabilities and facilities. Our strategy is to operate our manufacturing and distribution locations to best provide our customers with a competitively priced, high-quality product offering delivered with a fast turnaround time. As part of this strategy, we utilize a “one-company” approach to production and distribution locations and allocate our resources based on each location’s production specialization capabilities, its proximity to the shipment destination, and on other factors. Using this “one-company” approach, our goal is to leverage available capacity and shorten delivery times, while potentially providing lower shipping costs. We operate manufacturing and distribution locations in California, and in the Northeastern United States.

Integrate marketing and selling efforts. Our strategy is to integrate and cross-sell our various historical and acquired product lines. We have been integrating our marketing and sales efforts, thereby expanding the number and type of products we can offer to our existing client base, while also using this cross-sell approach to win new customers.

Broad range of immediately available products. Our strategy is to provide a high level of availability where we stock a large selection of standard products that are available for immediate delivery, including availability from multiple distributors. Additionally, we augment this “on-the-shelf” availability of several cable assembly and interconnect products with fast-turn production and assembly providing better lead times for our customers.

Targeted focus of product lines. Our strategy is to focus on passive products rather than manufacturing and selling operating or active components or products. Our product line focus remains on supporting and leveraging our distribution channels with our core passive interconnect and cable assemblies offering, while in parallel we continue to expand our portfolio of integrated solutions to address key end customer and market applications.

Increase long-term relationships with customers. Our goal is to establish long-term relationships with the customers who have used us for specialized projects by having our solutions built into the customer’s product specifications and bills of materials. As we remain focused on maintaining and expanding our national distributor relationships through our dedicated sales and account management teams, we have invested in targeted business development efforts to assist in getting more closely aligned with the requirements of strategic end customers.

Grow through strategic and targeted acquisitions. We will continue to consider strategic acquisitions of companies or technologies that can increase our customer penetration and/ or diversify our customer base, supplement our management team, expand our product offerings, and/or expand our footprint in relevant market segments.

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Operations

We currently conduct operations through our six divisions with our product areas divided into two reporting segments.

RF Connector and Cable Assembly Segment.

Our RF Connector and Cable Assembly segment (“RF Connector segment”) consists of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”) that is based at our headquarters in San Diego, California and recently expanded in New Jersey through our acquisition of Microlab. The RF Connector division is engaged in the design, manufacture and distribution of coaxial connector solutions for companies that design, build, operate, maintain and use a variety of connectivity/communication applications. Coaxial connector products consist primarily of connectors which, when attached to a coaxial cable, facilitate the transmission of analog and digital signals in various frequencies. Although most of the connectors are designed to fit standard cable products, the RF Connector division also sells custom connectors specifically designed and manufactured to suit its customers’ requirements.

The Microlab division is included in the RF Connector segment. Microlab was acquired in March 2022, and is based in Parsippany, New Jersey. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. Manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The RF Connector division typically carries over 1,500 different types of connectors, adapters, tools, and test and measurements kits. This division’s RF connectors are used in thousands of different devices, products and types of equipment. Since the RF Connector division’s standard connectors can be used in a number of different products and devices, the discontinuation of one product typically does not make our connectors obsolete. Accordingly, most connectors that we carry can be marketed for a number of years. Furthermore, because our connector products are not dependent on any single line of products or any market segment, our overall sales of connectors tend to fluctuate less when there are material changes or disruption to a single product line or market segment.

Cable assembly products manufactured and sold by the RF Connector division consist of various types of coaxial cables that are attached to connectors (usually our connectors) for use in a variety of communications applications. Cable assemblies manufactured for the RF Connector division are primarily manufactured at our San Diego, California facilities using state-of-the-art automation equipment and are sold through distributors or directly to major OEM accounts. Our cable assembly portfolio consists of both standard and custom cable assemblies designed for specific customer requirements. We offer a line of cable assemblies with over 100,000 cable product combinations.

We design our connectors at our headquarters in San Diego, California, and Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems for signal conditioning and distribution in the wireless infrastructure markets as well as for use in medical devices. However, most of the RF connectors are manufactured for us by third-party foreign manufacturers located in Asia.

Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly Segment.

The Custom Cabling segment currently consists of four wholly-owned subsidiaries – three located in the Northeastern United States and one located in Southern California. Our plan is to integrate certain aspects of the manufacturing, sales and marketing functions of these divisions so as to better address overlapping market opportunities and to more efficiently manufacture, market, and ship products to our customers.

The four divisions that comprise the current Custom Cabling segment consist of the following:

Cables Unlimited, Inc. Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”) is a custom cable manufacturer located in Yaphank, New York, that we acquired in 2011. Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems' extended warranty. Cables Unlimited designs, develops and manufactures custom connectivity solutions for the industrial, defense, telecommunications and wireless markets.  The products sold by Cables Unlimited include custom and standard copper and fiber optic cable assemblies, adapters and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communications, computer, LAN, automotive fiber optic and medical equipment.

Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”) was acquired in June 2015. Rel-Tech’s offices and manufacturing facilities are located in Milford, Connecticut. Rel-Tech is a designer and manufacturer of cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation, medical and military customers. Wire and cable assembly products include custom wire harnesses, ribbon cable, electromechanical and kitted assemblies, and networking and communications cabling.

C Enterprises, Inc. C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”) is a fiber optic and copper cable manufacturer located in Vista, California. This subsidiary acquired the business and assets of C Enterprises, L.P. on March 15, 2019. C Enterprises is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. C Enterprises designs, develops and manufactures connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors.

Schroff Technologies International, Inc. Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”) was acquired in November 2019. Schrofftech is a Rhode Island based manufacturer and marketer of intelligent thermal cooling control systems, along with pole-ready wireless small cell shrouds and enclosures, custom designed for plug-and-play installation. These products are typically used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada.

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted regional and global economies, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The global impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving and certain jurisdictions, including those where we or third parties on which we rely have manufacturing facilities, have also reacted by instituting quarantines, restrictions on travel, social distancing protocols and restrictions on types of business that may continue to operate. While we have continued our operations during the pandemic, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected both our operations and those of our customers. Our operations in fiscal 2021 and 2022 were negatively affected by partial shutdowns of our facilities (particularly in the Northeast United States), by changes that we had to make to our operating methods and procedures, and by a fluctuating workforce as at times, some of our employees stayed at home. Many of our customers and vendors have likewise had temporary closures of their facilities and have otherwise been impacted by changes in their industries. Further, recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us. As a result, there has been some volatility in the overall demand for our products, and certain costs have increased. We have taken measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, and we continue to work with our customers and vendors to minimize potential disruptions in addressing the challenges posed by this global pandemic.

Our third-party contract manufacturers are based in Asia. Recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us, and have increased the price of certain materials due to the significant increase in costs of raw materials and shipping costs. Our ability to produce and timely deliver our products may be materially impacted in the future if these supply chain disruptions continue and worsen. In addition, because of the rising cost, we may be forced to increase the price of our products to our customers, or we may have to reduce our gross margins on the products that we sell. Because some of our custom manufacturing contracts call for deliveries over a longer period of time, cost increases during the term of these agreements at times cannot be passed through to our customers and therefore will have to be borne by us.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by domestic and international jurisdictions to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. While the majority of the outbreak impacted our performance for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2022, during the periods covered by this report, we generally saw a recovery to a more normal environment though the operations at all locations were affected intermittently as some of our employee schedules were impacted, and as certain macro-economic conditions persisted. Because of the impact that COVID-19 had on our operations, in May 2020 we applied for and received loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, H.R. 748 (“CARES Act”) totaling approximately $2.8 million (“PPP Loans”). All of our PPP Loans have been forgiven and are considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

Product Description

We produce a large variety of interconnect products and assemblies that are used in telecommunications and a range of other industries. The products that we offer and sell consist of the following:

Connector and Cable Products

We design, manufacture and market a broad range of coaxial connectors, adapters and cable assemblies fornumerous applications in commercial, industrial, automotive, transportation, scientific, aerospace and military markets.

There are numerous applications for these connectors, some of which include digital applications, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi and other broadband wireless infrastructure, GPS, mobile radio products, aircraft, video surveillance systems, cable assemblies and test equipment. Users of our connectors include telecommunications companies, circuit board manufacturers, OEMs, consumer electronics manufacturers, audio and video product manufacturers and installers, and satellite companies. We market over 1,500 types of connectors, adapters, tools, assembly, test and measurement kits, which range in price from under $1 to over $1,000 per unit. The kits satisfy a variety of applications including, but not limited to, lab operations, site requirements and adapter needs.

We also design and sell a variety of connector tools and hand tools that are assembled into kits used by lab and field technicians, research and development technicians and engineers. These tools are manufactured for us by outside contractors. Tool products are carried as an accommodation to our customers and have not materially contributed to our revenues.

We market and manufacture cable assemblies in a variety of sizes and combinations of RF coaxial connectors and coaxial cabling. Cabling is purchased from a variety of major unaffiliated suppliers and is assembled predominately with our connectors as complete cable assemblies. Coaxial cable assemblies have numerous applications including low PIM, Wi-Fi and wireless local area networks, wide area networks, internet systems, cellular systems including 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, DAS and Small Cell installations, TV/dish network systems, test equipment, military/aerospace (mil-standard and COTS (Commercial Off–The-Shelf)) and entertainment systems. Cable assemblies are manufactured to customer requirements.

We carry thousands of separate types of connectors, most of which are available in standard sizes and configurations and that are also offered by other companies. However, we also have some proprietary products, including the CompPro product line, OptiFlex cables, and the Schrofftech telecom shelter cooling and control system products. CompPro is a patented compression technology that offers advantages for a water-tight, ruggedized connection, providing easier installation, and improved system reliability on braided cables. CompPro is used by wireless network operators, installers and distributors in North America and other parts of the world. OptiFlex is a hybrid fiber optic and DC power cabling solution that we designed and manufactured, and the Schrofftech products are energy efficient cooling/temperature control and filtration systems for use in telecom shelters, outdoor enclosures and battery/power rooms.

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Passive RF Products

We design and manufacture high-performance RF and microwave high-performance components such as dividers, directional couplers and filters enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks.

Fiber Optic Products

Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections SM Gold Program member that is authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. Through our Cables Unlimited division, we offer a broad range of interconnect products and systems that have the ability to combine radio frequency and fiber optic interconnect components, with various connectors and power cables through customized solutions for these customers. Cables Unlimited also manufactures OptiFlex, a custom designed hybrid fiber optic and DC power cabling solution manufactured for wireless service providers engaged in upgrading their cell towers. The custom hybrid cable is significantly lighter and possesses greater flexibility than cables previously used for wireless service.

C Enterprises is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. C Enterprises designs, develops and manufactures connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors.

Other Cabling Products

We design, manufacture, and sell cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for industrial, oilfield, instrumentation, medical, and military customers. Wire and cable assembly products include custom wire harnesses, ribbon cable, electromechanical and kitted assemblies, networking and communications cabling. DIN and Mini DIN connector assemblies include power cord, coaxial, Mil-spec and testing.

Telecommunications Thermal Control Systems and Shrouds

We engineer, design, manufacture and sell intelligent thermal control systems for outdoor telecommunications equipment. The thermal control systems, which can be controlled offsite using networked software at the telecommunication company’s own data center, maintain the interior temperature of telecommunications and other networking equipment. We also design and sell integrated shrouds and enclosures for small cell deployments that reduce installation time and improve aesthetics by eliminating the exterior cabling used with current configurations.

Foreign Sales

Net sales to foreign customers accounted for $10,335,000 (or approximately 12%) of our net sales, and $2,464,000 (or approximately 4%) of our net sales for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of the export sales during these periods were to Canada.

We do not own, or directly operate any manufacturing operations or sales offices in foreign countries.

Distribution and Marketing

We currently sell our products through independent warehousing distributors and through our in-house marketing and sales team. Sales through independent distributors accounted for approximately 38% of our net sales for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Our agreements with most of the distributors are nonexclusive and generally may be terminated by either party upon 30-60 days’ written notice. The Company directly sells certain of its products to large, national telecommunication equipment and solution providers who include the Company’s products in their own product offerings.

Manufacturing

We contract with outside third parties for the manufacture of a significant portion of our coaxial connectors. However, virtually all of the RF cable assemblies sold during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 were assembled at the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) approved factories in San Diego, California and Parsippany, New Jersey. We procure our raw cable from manufacturers with ISO approved factories in the United States, China, and Taiwan. The Company primarily relies on several third-party partners for the manufacture of its coaxial connectors, tools and other passive components and receives bulk cable from multiple manufacturing plants. Although we do not have manufacturing contracts with these manufacturers for our connectors and cable products, we do have long-term purchasing relationships. There are certain risks associated with our dependence on third-party manufacturers for some of our products. See “Risk Factors” below. We have in-house design engineers who create the engineering drawings for fabrication and assembly of connectors and cable assemblies. Accordingly, the third-party manufacturers are not primarily responsible for design work related to the manufacture of our connectors and cable assemblies. Although our current facilities are set up to manufacture certain lines of products, manufacturing of certain products is often shifted to other facilities to alleviate capacity limitations or to address a customer’s product manufacturing schedule requirements.

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We manufacture custom cable assemblies, adapters and electromechanical wiring harnesses and other products through Cables Unlimited at its Yaphank, New York manufacturing facility. The Yaphank facility is an ISO approved factory. Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections ^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products and assemblies that are backed by Corning Cable Systems' extended warranty.

The Milford, Connecticut facility of Rel-Tech is an ISO approved manufacturing facility that is primarily used to manufacture cable assemblies, electromechanical assemblies, wiring harnesses and other similar products. 

The Vista, California facility operated by C Enterprises is an ISO approved manufacturing facility that is primarily used to manufacture fiber optic and copper cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty.

The products sold by Schrofftech are designed and manufactured at its ISO approved manufacturing facility in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. Schrofftech’s products are manufactured and tested in accordance with the ETL Listing standards.

Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems in our design and manufacturing facility in Parsippany, New Jersey. We are currently subleasing space and are in the process of building out new space, also in Parsippany, New Jersey.

Raw Materials

Connector materials are typically made of commodity metals such as copper, brass and zinc and include small applications of precious materials, including silver and gold. The RF Connector division purchases most of its connector products from contract manufacturers located in Asia and the United States. We believe that the raw materials used in our products are readily available and that we are not currently dependent on any supplier for our raw materials. We do not currently have any long-term purchase or supply agreements with our connector suppliers. The Custom Cabling divisions obtain coaxial connectors from the RF Connector division. We believe there are numerous domestic and international suppliers of other coaxial connectors that we may utilize for any of our cabling products.

The Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions purchase largely all of the raw materials used in their products from sources located in the United States. Fiber optic cables are available from various manufacturers located throughout the United States, however, Cables Unlimited purchases most of its fiber optic cables from Corning Cables Systems LLC. The Company believes that the raw materials used by Cables Unlimited in its products are readily available and that Cables Unlimited is not currently dependent on any supplier for its raw materials except where Corning Extended Warranty certification is required. Neither Cables Unlimited nor Rel-Tech Electronics currently have any long-term purchase or supply agreements with their connector and cable suppliers.

Backlog

As of October 31, 2022, our estimated backlog of unfilled firm orders was approximately $27.8 million compared with backlog of approximately $33.3 million as of October 31, 2021. Orders typically fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on customer demand, general business conditions and, in particular, for project-based orders from wireless carrier customers for custom cable assemblies at our Cables Unlimited division. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the estimated timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to shipment delays and to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

It is expected that a substantial portion of the backlog will be filled within the next 12 months. Most of the orders that we receive, particularly in the RF Connector and Cable Assembly segment, generally have short lead times. Therefore, backlog may not be indicative of future demand.

Acquisition of Microlab/FXR LLC

On December 16, 2021, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Seller (Wireless Telecom Group, Inc.), and its wholly-owned subsidiary Microlab, pursuant to which we purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab from the Seller on March 1, 2022. The consideration for the acquisition was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. We funded most of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the $17 million “Term Loan” with Bank of America, N.A. and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with $7.3 million of cash on hand. The Term Loan was issued as part of a loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A. which also provided the Company with the $3 million “Revolving Credit Facility”. Microlab is a New Jersey based company that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and microwave products such as dividers, directional couplers and filters enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks.

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We obtained representation and warranty insurance to cover any breach of Seller’s representations. 

Seller also agreed not to, directly or indirectly, (i) engage in any activities that compete with Microlab’s business and (ii) hire or solicit any employee, independent contractor, or consultant of Microlab’s business for a period of five years from the closing date, subject to certain carve-outs.

Human Capital

As of October 31, 2022, we employed 344 full-time employees, of whom 76 were in accounting, administration, sales and management, 255 were in manufacturing, distribution and assembly, and 13 were engineers engaged in design, engineering and research and development. The employees were based at our facilities in San Diego, California (94 employees), Yaphank, New York (65 employees), Milford, Connecticut (52 employees), Vista, California (73 employees), Parsippany, New Jersey (45 employees), and North Kingstown, Rhode Island (15 employees). We also occasionally hire part-time employees. We believe that we have a good relationship with our employees.

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses

We own ten U.S. patents related to the CompPro Product Line that we acquired in May 2015. The CompPro Product Line utilizes a patented compression technology that offers revolutionary advantages for a water-tight connection, easier installation, and improved system reliability on braided cables. The CompPro Product Line is used by wireless network operators, installers and distributors in North America and other parts of the world.

Our Schrofftech subsidiary owns eight issued patents on its proprietary telecom shelter cooling and control system technology and its equipment room ventilation controls. Schrofftech has also filed one pending patent application related to ventilation and control equipment and controls.

The trademarks we own include the “CompPro” registered trademark associated with the compression cable product line and the “OptiFlex™” as a trademark for its hybrid cable wireless tower cable solution. Each of our subsidiaries also use various trademarks (and associated logos and trade names) in their operations, although none of these trademarks have been registered.

Because the RF Connectors division carries thousands of separate types of connectors and other products, most of which are available in standard sizes and configurations and are also offered by our competitors, we do not believe that our cables and connector business or competitive position is dependent on patent protection.

Under agreements with Corning Cables Systems LLC, Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises are permitted to advertise that they are Corning Cables System CAH Connections ^SM Gold Program members.

With the recent acquisition of Microlab, two additional relevant patents have been added to our portfolio regarding GPS signal repeaters as well as RF broadband non directional tap couplers. Additional filings are also pending for RF system monitoring and GPS systems.

Warranties and Terms

We warrant our products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for varying warranty periods, depending upon the product. Products are generally warranted to the dealer for one year, with the dealer responsible for any additional warranty it may make. The RF Connector products are warranted for the useful life of the connectors. Although we have not experienced any significant warranty claims to date, there can be no assurance that we will not be subjected to such claims in the future.

We usually sell to customers on 30-day terms pursuant to invoices and do not generally grant extended payment terms. Sales to most foreign customers are made on cash terms at time of shipment. Generally, customers may delay, cancel, reduce, or return products after shipment subject to a restocking charge.

Under their agreements with Corning Cables Systems LLC, Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises are authorized to manufacture optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty (referred to as the “Gold Certified Warranty”).

Competition

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive, and we compete with thousands of companies that range from large multinational corporations, most of which have greater assets and financial resources, to local manufacturers. Competition is generally based on breadth of product offering, product innovation, price, quality, delivery, performance and customer service. In addition, rapid technological changes occurring in the communications industry could also lead to the entry of new competitors of all sizes against whom we may not be able to successfully compete.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against existing or new competition, and the inability to do so may result in price reductions, reduced margins, or loss of market share, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Government Regulations

Our products are designed to meet all known existing or proposed governmental regulations. We believe that we currently meet existing standards for approvals by government regulatory agencies for our principal products.

Our products are Restriction on Hazardous Substances (“RoHS”) compliant.

Environmental Regulations

We are subject to various laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health matters in the United States. Compliance with these federal, state, and local laws and regulations related to protection of the environment and employee safety and health has had no material effect on our business. There were no material capital expenditures for environmental projects in fiscal year 2022, and there are no material expenditures planned for such purposes in fiscal year 2023.

Investor Information

Our principal executive office is currently located at 7610 Miramar Road, Building #6000, San Diego, California. RF Industries, Ltd. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on November 1, 1979, completed its initial public offering in March 1984 under the name Celltronics, Inc., and changed its name to RF Industries, Ltd. in November 1990. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company” in this report include RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cables Unlimited, Inc., Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., C Enterprises, Inc., Schroff Technologies International, Inc., and Microlab/FXR LLC.

The Company’s principal Internet website is located at http://www.rfindustries.com. The Company’s annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and other information related to the Company, are available, free of charge, on that website as soon as we electronically file those documents with, or otherwise furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Reports filed with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The Company’s Internet website and the information contained therein, or connected thereto, are not and are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report.

ITEM 1.A RISK FACTORS

Investors should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information in this Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and operations.

If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and investors may lose all or part of their investment in our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business.

We are heavily dependent upon wireless and broadband communications providers.

Most of our revenues and profitability have in recent years been generated from products that we sell, directly or through our distributors, to the wireless and broadband communications industries. In addition, we also sell connectors, cables and other products to companies that incorporate these products into their own wireless and broadband communications products. As a result, our business is heavily dependent upon the wireless and broadband markets.  Demand for our products in these markets depends primarily on capital spending by operators for constructing, rebuilding or upgrading their telecommunication systems. The amount of this capital spending and, therefore, our sales and profitability, will be affected by a variety of factors affecting the telecommunications companies, including general economic conditions, consolidation within the telecommunications industry and the financial condition of operators. Although we sell many products into many different markets other than the telecommunications marketplace, because a major portion of our revenues has historically been derived from direct and indirect sales to wireless and broadband communications companies, our financial condition and results of operations are heavily influenced by the health and growth of the wireless and broadband markets, all of which is beyond our control.

The on-going COVID-19 public health pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, certain aspects of our business.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the reactions of governmental and other authorities to contain, mitigate or combat the pandemic, which have severely restricted the level of economic activity around the world, have impacted, and are expected to continue to impact, our operations, and the nature, extent and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or any future disease or adverse health condition is highly uncertain and beyond our control. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Federal, state and local governmental agencies have taken and may again take preventative or protective actions, such as imposing restrictions on travel and business operations. The COVID-19 pandemic and the government’s reaction to the pandemic have significantly slowed capital expenditures in the primary markets for our products, which has resulted in a significant reduction in demand for our products.

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Although we have implemented measures to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including reducing our expenses in certain areas of our business, these measures will not fully mitigate the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict the degree to, or the period over, which we will be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting governmental and other measures. However, we expect that the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to adversely affect demand for certain of our products for the foreseeable future.

We depend on third-party contract manufacturers for a majority of our connector manufacturing needs. If they are unable to manufacture and deliver a sufficient quantity of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis, our net revenue and profitability would be harmed and our reputation may suffer.

Substantially all of the RF Connector division’s connector products are manufactured by third-party contract manufacturers. We rely on them to procure components for RF connectors and in certain cases to design, assemble and test the products on a timely and cost-efficient basis. If our contract manufacturers are unable to complete design work on a timely basis, we will experience delays in product development and our ability to compete may be harmed. In addition, because some of our manufacturers have manufacturing facilities in Taiwan and China, their ability to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis is subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties, including political, social and economic instability and factors that could impact the shipment of supplies. If our manufacturers are unable to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis, our operations would be disrupted and our net revenue and profitability would suffer. Moreover, if our third-party contract manufacturers cannot consistently produce high-quality products that are free of defects, we may experience a higher rate of product returns, which would also reduce our profitability and may harm our reputation and brand.

Our third-party contract manufacturers are based in Asia. Recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us and have increased the price of certain materials due to the significant increase in costs of raw materials and shipping costs. Our ability to produce and timely deliver our products may be materially impacted in the future if these supply chain disruptions continue or worsen. In addition, because of the rising cost, we may be forced to increase the price of our products to our customers, or we may have to reduce our gross margins on the products that we sell. Because some of our custom manufacturing contracts call for deliveries over a longer period of time, cost increases during the term of these agreements at times cannot be passed through to our customers and therefore will have to be borne by us.

We do not currently have any long-term supply agreements with any of our contract manufacturers, and such manufacturers could stop manufacturing products for us at any time. Although we believe that we could locate alternate contract manufacturers if any of our manufacturers terminated our business, our operations could be impacted until alternate manufacturers are found.

The acquisition of Microlab will affect both the Company’s liquidity and its capital resources in the near future.

On March 1, 2022, we purchased Microlab from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc. for $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. We funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the term loan it obtained from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Credit Facility Lender”) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with $7.3 million cash on hand, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for future acquisitions, for investments in the expansion of our existing businesses and assets, or as a reserve for unanticipated financial requirements.

We entered into a Loan Agreement to fund our acquisition of Microlab, which may expose us to additional risks, including risks associated with the inability to repay the loan on a timely basis.

On February 25, 2022, we entered into a Loan Agreement with the Credit Facility Lender, which facility provides the Company with a $3 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $17 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, collectively with the “Revolving Credit Facility”, the “Credit Facility”). We borrowed the full $17 million amount available under the Term Loan in order to fund the purchase of Microlab. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and secured by all personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ending January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants. In the event that we are unable to pay our obligations on the Credit Facility on a timely basis, maintain the financial covenants under the Loan Agreement or otherwise defaults on its obligations under the Loan Agreement, the Credit Facility Lender will have a right to foreclose on personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

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Our business strategy to expand through acquisitions of other businesses could increase operating costs and expose us to additional risks.

As part of our plan to operate businesses that are profitable and that reflect the changing market, we from time to time sell unprofitable divisions and purchase new businesses. Such recent transactions include the purchase of our new C Enterprises and Schrofftech subsidiaries in 2019 and Microlab in 2022. In addition, we have previously disclosed that, as part of our growth strategy, we intend to make additional acquisitions of businesses in the future. While we believe that restructuring our operations and acquiring other businesses will benefit us in the longer term, these acquisitions have in the short term caused us to incur additional legal, accounting and administrative expenses, including the cost of integrating the various accounting systems of our new subsidiaries, upgrading our information systems, and the cost of managing various divisions in separate locations and states. We may in the future make additional acquisitions. Accordingly, we will be subject to numerous risks associated with the acquisition of additional businesses, including:

● diversion of management’s attention;

● the effect on our financial statements of the amortization of acquired intangible assets;

● the cost associated with acquisitions and the integration of acquired operations;

● we may not be able to secure capital to finance future acquisitions to the extent additional debt or equity is needed; and

● assumption of unknown liabilities, or other unanticipated events or circumstances.

Any of these risks could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that any business that we acquire will achieve anticipated revenues or operating results.

In addition to the normal risks associated with purchasing a new business and operating at a new location, the Company’s recent acquisition of Microlab reduced our cash on hand by over $7.3 million and we took on $17 million of indebtedness and related financial covenants under the Term Loan, including imposing a limit on the ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. A breach of any of the covenants could result in a default under the credit facility. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the credit facility, the commercial bank could terminate all commitments to extend further credit and elect to declare amounts outstanding thereunder to be immediately due and payable. The credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

Global economic conditions and any related impact on our supply chain and the markets where we do business could adversely affect our results of operations.

The uncertain state of the global economy (including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and related economic and other retaliatory measures taken by the United States, European Union and others) continues to impact businesses around the world. Deteriorating economic conditions or financial uncertainty in any of the markets in which we sell our products could reduce business confidence and adversely impact spending patterns, and thereby could adversely affect our sales and results of operations. In challenging and uncertain economic environments such as the current one, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or what impact, if any, such circumstances could have on our business, financial condition and results of operations, or on the price of our common stock.

Recent inflationary pressures have increased the cost of energy and raw materials and may adversely affect our results of operations. If inflation continues to rise and further impact the cost of energy and raw materials, we may not be able to offset cost increases to our products through price adjustments without negatively impacting consumer demand, which could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.

Our dependence on third-party manufacturers increases the risk that we will not have an adequate supply of products or that our product costs will be higher than expected.

The risks associated with our dependence upon third parties which develop and manufacture and assemble the Company’s products include:

● reduced control over delivery schedules and quality;

● risks of inadequate manufacturing yields and excessive costs;

● the potential lack of adequate capacity during periods of excess demand; and

● potential increases in prices due to raw material and/or labor costs.

These risks may lead to increased costs or delay product delivery, which would harm our profitability and customer relationships.

An impairment in the carrying value of goodwill, trade names and other long-lived assets could negatively affect our consolidated results of operations and net worth.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as trade names, are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In evaluating the potential for impairment of goodwill and trade names, we make assumptions regarding future operating performance, business trends and market and economic conditions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and in applying these factors to the assessment of goodwill and trade name recoverability. Goodwill reviews are prepared using estimates of fair value based on the estimated present value of future discounted cash flows. We could be required to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill or trade names prior to the annual assessment upon unexpected significant declines in operating results, the divestiture of a significant component of our business or other factors.

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No assurance can be given that events or circumstances will not change regarding the carrying value of goodwill of the Cables Unlimited, Microlab, Rel-Tech, C-Enterprises and Schrofftech subsidiaries or the CompPro product line. Should we in the future determine that the carrying value of the goodwill associated with some or all of these assets no longer is recoverable, we will have to record additional impairment losses. In the event that we have to record material impairment charges on the Cables Unlimited, Microlab, Rel-Tech, C-Enterprises or Schrofftech subsidiaries or the CompPro product line, such future charges could materially reduce future earnings, which would negatively affect our stock price.

Changes in technology may reduce the demand for some of our products.

The wireless and telecommunications industry is rapidly changing. Changes in the product demands by telecommunications and other infrastructure companies may make certain of our current products obsolete. Accordingly, we must quickly and efficiently react to technological developments and provide new products to meet the shifting demands of our customers. Our failure to successfully introduce new or enhanced products on a timely and cost-competitive basis could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations and financial condition.

If the manufacturers of our coaxial connectors or other products discontinue the manufacturing processes needed to meet our demands or fail to upgrade their technologies, we may face production delays.

Our coaxial connector and other product requirements typically represent a small portion of the total production of the third-party manufacturers. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a third-party manufacturer will cease production of some of our products or fail to continue to advance the process design technologies on which the manufacturing of our products are based. Each of these events could increase our costs or harm our ability to deliver products on time or develop new products.

Our dependence upon independent distributors to sell and market our products exposes us to the risk that such distributors may decrease their sales of our products or terminate their relationship with us.

Our sales efforts are primarily effected through independent distributors. Although we have entered into written agreements with most of the distributors, the agreements are nonexclusive and generally may be terminated by either party upon 30-60 days’ written notice. Our distributors are not within our control, are not obligated to purchase products from us, and may also sell other lines of products. There can be no assurance that these distributors will continue their current relationships with us or that they will not give higher priority to the sale of other products, which could include products of competitors. A reduction in sales efforts or discontinuance of sales of our products by our distributors would lead to reduced sales and could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and business. Selling through indirect channels such as distributors may limit our contact with our ultimate customers and our ability to assure customer satisfaction.

A material portion of our sales is dependent upon a few principal customers, the loss of whom could materially negatively affect our total sales.

For the year ended October 31, 2022, a wireless carrier customer accounted for approximately 20% of total sales. The same customer had accounts receivable balances that accounted for 14% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2022. Another distributor customer accounted for less than 10% of total sales and for 19% of the total net accounts receivable. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the same wireless carrier accounted for approximately 21% of total sales, and a distributor accounted for 11% of total sales. These two customers’ accounts receivable balances each accounted for approximately 28% and 8% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2021. Although the distributors have been on-going major customers of the Company and the wireless carrier is a newer customer to the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and they could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

Difficult conditions in the global economy may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

A prolonged economic downturn, both in the U.S. and worldwide, could lead to lower sales or reduced sales growth, reduced prices, lower gross margins, and increased bad debt risks, all of which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Slowing economic activity, particularly in the telecommunication and data communication and wireless communications industries that represent our largest target market, may adversely impact the demand for our products. If the current economic condition in the U.S. deteriorates, our results could be adversely affected as demand for wireless products lessens. There could also be a number of other adverse follow-on effects on our business from a deterioration of economic conditions or from a credit crisis, including insolvency of certain key distributors, key suppliers, contract manufacturers and customers.

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Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive, a failure to effectively compete could result in an immediate and substantial loss of market share.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and we expect that competition will increase in these markets. In particular, the wireless and telecommunications markets in which most of our products are sold are intensely competitive. A failure to effectively compete in these markets could result in an immediate and substantial loss of revenues and market share. Because most of our sales are derived from products that are neither proprietary nor can be used to distinguish us from our competitors, our ability to compete successfully in these markets depends on a number of factors, including:

● product quality;

● reliability;

● customer support;

● time-to-market;

● price;

● market acceptance of competitors’ products; and

● general economic conditions.

Our revenues may suffer if we are not able to effectively satisfy our customers in each of the foregoing ways. In addition, our competitors or customers may offer enhancements to their existing products or offer new products based on new technologies, industry standards or customer requirements that have the potential to replace or provide lower cost or higher performance alternatives to our products. The introduction of enhancements or new products by our competitors could render our existing and future products obsolete or unmarketable.

Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial and other resources. In certain circumstances, our customers or potential customers have internal or may in the future institute manufacturing capabilities with which we may compete.

If the industries into which we sell our products experience recession or other cyclical effects impacting the budgets of our customers, our operating results could be negatively impacted.

The primary customers for our connector and cable products are in the wireless communications industries. Any significant downturn in our customers’ markets, in particular, or in general economic conditions which result in the reduction of budgets would likely result in a reduction in demand for our products and services and could harm our business. Historically, the communications industry has been cyclical, affected by both economic conditions and industry-specific cycles. Depressed general economic conditions and cyclical downturns in the communications industry have each had an adverse effect on sales of communications equipment, OEMs and their suppliers, including us. No assurance can be given that the wireless communications industry will not experience a material downturn in the near future. Any cyclical downturn in the communications industry could have a material adverse effect on us.

Because we sell our products to foreign customers, we are exposed to all of the risks associated with international sales, including foreign currency exposure.

Sales to customers located outside the United States, either directly or through U.S. and foreign distributors, accounted for approximately 12% and 4% of our net sales during the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. International revenues are subject to a number of risks, including:

● longer accounts receivable payment cycles;

● difficulty in enforcing agreements and in collecting accounts receivable;

● tariffs and other restrictions on foreign trade;

● economic and political instability; and the

● burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws.

Our foreign sales are also affected by general economic conditions in international markets. A prolonged economic downturn in our foreign markets could have an adverse effect on our business. There can be no assurance that the factors described above will not have an adverse material effect on our future international revenues and, consequently, on our financial condition, results of operations and business.

Since sales made to foreign customers have historically been in U.S. dollars, previously we have not been exposed to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations. However, with the acquisition of Microlab, sales made to certain foreign customers were denominated in the currencies of the countries where sales are made and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we experienced $0.2 million in foreign currency exchange loss at time of collection.  

The inability to hire or retain certain key professionals, management and staff could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future success depends largely upon the continued service of our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel, and on our ability to continue to identify, attract, retain and motivate them. However, other than the employment agreement we have entered into with Mr. Dawson, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, we currently do not have any other written employment agreements with our executive officers and managers. The market for employees in our industry is extremely competitive and the cost for new employees may exceed the cost of existing employees. The loss of key management and technical personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

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We have few patent rights in the technology employed in our products, which may limit our ability to compete.

We own patents related to the CompPro proprietary product line, the Schrofftech telecom shelter cooling products and control systems, and patents recently acquired from Microlab relating to GPS signal repeaters as well as RF broadband non directional tap couplers. We have additional filings pending for RF system monitoring and GPS systems. Other than these existing and prospective patents, we do not hold any other United States or foreign patents. Historically, we have not sought to protect our rights in the technology that we develop or that our third-party contract manufacturers develop for us by means of the patent laws, and as a result, competitors can and do sell most of the same products as us, and we have not tried to prevent or restrict such competition. 

We may determine that we need to litigate or arbitrate to enforce our contract and intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others. As a result of any such litigation or arbitration, we could lose our ability to enforce one or more patents or other intellectual property rights. Any action we take to enforce our contract or intellectual property rights could be costly and could absorb significant management time and attention, which, in turn, could negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows. Further, even a positive resolution to our enforcement efforts may take time to conclude, which may reduce our revenues and cash resources available for other purposes, such as research and development, in the periods prior to conclusion.

Claims by other companies that we infringe their intellectual property could adversely affect our business 

Companies may assert patent, copyright or other intellectual property claims against our products or products using our technologies or other technologies used in our industry, which claims could result in our involvement in litigation. We may not prevail in such litigation given, among other factors, the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. If any of our products were found to infringe another company’s intellectual property, we could be subject to an injunction or be required to redesign our products, or to license such intellectual property or pay damages or other compensation to such other company (any of which could be costly). If we are unable to redesign our products, license such intellectual property used in our products or otherwise distribute our products (e.g., through a licensed supplier), we could be prohibited from making and selling our products. 

Similarly, our suppliers could be found to infringe another company’s intellectual property, and such suppliers could then be enjoined from providing products or services to us.

A cyber incident could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption, and/or financial loss.

Businesses have become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct day-to-day operations. Additionally, we may be exposed to increased cybersecurity risks as a result of remote working requirements imposed on us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks or unintentional events, have increased. A cyberattack could include gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption or result in denial of service on websites. We depend on digital technology, including information systems and related infrastructure, to process and record financial and operating data, and communicate with our employees and business partners. Our technologies, systems, networks, and those of our business partners may become the target of cyberattacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of our business operations. Although to date we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyberattacks, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such losses in the future. Cyberattacks are increasing in their frequency, sophistication and intensity. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. In addition, our liability insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other related breaches.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Volatility of trading prices of our stock could result in a loss on an investment in our stock.

The market price of our common stock has varied greatly, and the trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated greatly as well. These fluctuations often occur independently of our performance or any of our announcements. Factors that may result in such fluctuations include:

● any shortfall in revenues or net income from revenues or net income expected by securities analysts, or a net loss in our quarterly or annual operations;

● fluctuations in our financial results or the results of other communications-related companies, including those of our direct competitors;

● general conditions in the connector and communications industries;

● changes in our revenue growth rates or the growth rates of our competitors;

● sales of large blocks of our common stock; and

● conditions in the financial markets in general.

In addition, the stock market may, from time to time, experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which may be unrelated to the operating performance of any specific company. Accordingly, the market prices of our common stock may be expected to experience significant fluctuations in the future.

Failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting or to remediate weaknesses could materially harm our revenues, erode stockholder confidence in our ability to pursue business and report our financial results/condition, and negatively affect the trading price of our common stock.

As a public reporting company, we are required to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Failure to establish such internal control, or any failure of such internal control once established, could adversely impact our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. Any failure of our internal control over financial reporting could also prevent us from maintaining accurate accounting records and discovering accounting errors and financial frauds.

Rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 require annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. The standards that must be met for management to assess the internal control over financial reporting as effective are complex, and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation to meet the detailed standards. Any assessment by management that there are weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in the internal controls over financial reporting (including those weaknesses identified in periodic reports), or disclosure of management’s assessment of the internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

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As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, we determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective. However, no assurance can be given that there will not be failures in our internal controls in future periods.   

While we have in the past paid dividends, no assurance can be given that we will declare or pay cash dividends in the future.

During fiscal 2022, we did not make any dividend distributions to our stockholders. Dividends are declared and paid at the discretion of the Board of Directors subject to applicable laws, and depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, plans for future acquisitions, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Therefore, even if our operations return to their prior level of profitability, any decision to pay dividends in the future will depend on various other factors that the Board may consider relevant. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will once again pay dividends in the future. If we do not pay a cash dividend, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investment in the common stock except to the extent of any appreciation in the value of the common stock. 

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

The average trading volume of our shares of common stock is relatively small. As a result, sales of a significant number of shares, or the perception that significant sales could occur, could result in a decline in our stock price. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

As of October 31, 2022, we had 10,193,287 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, we had outstanding options for the purchase of 686,962 shares of common stock, the exercise of which would increase the number of common stock outstanding. The issuance and subsequent sale of the shares underlying these stock options could depress the trading price of our common stock. As of October 31, 2022, we also had 916,369 shares available for future grant as stock options or restricted shares, the issuance and sale of which could also impact our stock price.

We are a “smaller reporting company” and we have elected to comply with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements which could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in the Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which allows us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including (1) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and (2) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. In addition, we are only required to provide two years of audited financial statements in our SEC reports. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until we are no longer a “smaller reporting company”. We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls in the future.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

We currently lease our corporate headquarters and RF connector and cable assembly manufacturing facilities in San Diego, California. At that location, we lease three buildings, with a total of approximately 21,908 square feet of office, warehouse and manufacturing space, that house our corporate administration, sales and marketing, and engineering departments. The buildings are also used for production and warehousing by our RF Connector segment. We recently entered into two lease agreements for adjacent office and commercial lab space in Parsippany, New Jersey, which will be used for the Microlab operations. Additionally, we lease spaces in four other locations in the United States that house the administration offices and manufacturing facilities for our Custom Cabling segment. The table below shows a summary of the square footage of these locations as of October 31, 2022:

Lease Location	Square Footage
Milford, CT		13,750
North Kingstown, RI		10,700
Parsippany, NJ		23,300
Vista, CA		24,014
Yaphank, NY		24,500

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. As of the date of this report, we are not subject to any proceeding that is not in the ordinary course of business or that is material to the financial condition of our business.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information. RF Industries, Ltd.’s common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market and is traded under the “RFIL” trading symbol.

Stockholders. As of October 31, 2022, there were 260 holders of our common stock according to the records of our transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York, not including holders who hold their stock in “street name.”

Repurchase of Securities. The following table sets forth information regarding the shares of common stock cancelled, and deemed to have been repurchased during the three months ended October 31, 2022 in connection with employee tax withholding for shares of restricted stock that vested under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.

Period	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
August 2022		-	$	-		-	$	-
September 2022		-	$	-		-	$	-
October 2022		329	$	5.36		-	$	-

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. There were no previously unreported sales of equity securities by us that were not registered under the Securities Act during fiscal 2022.

Dividend Policy. Due to the current economic uncertainty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other financial considerations, our Board terminated dividend payments. No assurance can be given if, or when the Board will resume dividend payments. The declaration and amount of any actual cash dividend are in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and are subject to numerous factors that ordinarily affect dividend policy, including the results of our operations and financial position, as well as general economic and business conditions. Accordingly, if and when any dividends will be declared in the future will be determined by our Board based on the Company’s future operations and on the Board’s decision regarding the use of any future earnings.

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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides information as of October 31, 2022 with respect to the shares of Company common stock that may be issued under the Company’s existing equity compensation plans:

	A		B		C
					Number of Securities
					Remaining Available for
					Future Issuance Under
					Equity Compensation
	Number of Securities to		Weighted Average		Plans (Excluding
	be Issued Upon Exercise		Exercise Price of		Securities Reflected in
Plan Category	of Outstanding Options		Outstanding Options ($)		Column A)
2010 Equity Incentive Plan		145,001	$	6.94		–	(1)
2020 Equity Incentive Plan		541,961	$	5.58		916,369
Total		686,962	$	5.05		916,369

(1) The RF Industries, Ltd. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan expired on March 8, 2020. Accordingly, additional equity incentive awards cannot be granted under this plan.

ITEM 6. RESERVED

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventory reserves and contingencies, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. In accordance with ASC (“Accounting Standards Codification”) 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method of accounting. Certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete or excess and, as such, we periodically review our inventories for excess and slow moving items and makes provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Because inventories have, during the past couple years, represented up to one-fourth of our total assets, any reduction in the value of our inventories would require us to take write-offs that would affect our net worth and future earnings.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We record our allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our assessment of various factors. We consider historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balance, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets, for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment.

We test our goodwill and trademarks and indefinite-lived assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances require significant judgment and could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition and sale or disposition of all or a portion of a division. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.

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Income Taxes

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates as of the date of the financial statements that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

We account for uncertain tax positions by determining if it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained by the appropriate taxing authorities upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. An uncertain income tax position is not recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. We recognize interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on our accounting for uncertain tax positions.

The calculation of the tax provision involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. 

Stock-based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes model to value our stock option grants. This valuation is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of inputs which involve significant judgments and estimates. These inputs include the expected term of employee stock options, the expected volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For recently issued accounting pronouncements that may affect us, see Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OVERVIEW

During the periods covered by this Annual Report, we marketed a variety of connector products, including connectors and cables, standard and custom cable assemblies, wiring harnesses and fiber optic cable products to numerous industries for use in thousands of products. We aggregate our operating divisions into segments that have similar economic characteristics and are similar in the majority of the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. We have two reportable segments – the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment – based upon this evaluation.

The RF Connector segment was comprised of two divisions while the Custom Cabling segment was comprised of four divisions. The five divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021 were the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division, Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech. Microlab, which the Company acquired in the current fiscal year ending October 31, 2022, is part of the RF Connector segment.

Revenues generated from the Custom Cabling segment were from the sale of fiber optics cable, copper cabling, custom patch cord assemblies, and wiring harnesses, which collectively accounted for 63% of the Company’s total sales, and revenues from the RF Connector segment were generated from the sales of RF connector products and cable assemblies and accounted for 37% of total sales for fiscal 2022. The RF Connector segment mostly sells standardized products regularly used by customers and, therefore, has a more stable revenue stream when compared to the Custom Cabling segment. The Custom Cabling segment mostly designs, manufactures, and sells customized cabling and wireless-related equipment under larger project-based purchase orders. Accordingly, the Custom Cabling segment is more dependent upon larger project orders, and its revenues, therefore, may be more volatile than the revenues of the RF Connector segment.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by domestic and international jurisdictions to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. While the majority of the outbreak impacted our performance for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, during the periods covered by this report, we generally saw a recovery to a more normal environment though the operations at all locations were affected intermittently as some of our employee schedules were impacted, and as certain macro-economic conditions persisted. Because of the impact that COVID-19 had on our operations, in May 2020 we applied for and received loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, H.R. 748 (“CARES Act”) totaling approximately $2.8 million (“PPP Loans”). All of our PPP Loans have been forgiven and are considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

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In March 2021, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released Notice 2021-20, which retroactively eliminated the restriction that prevented employers who received a PPP loan from qualifying for the Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. Upon determination that the employer has complied with all of the conditions required to receive the credit, a receivable is recognized and the credit reduces salaries and wages. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, we qualified and filed to claim the ERC and have recorded the credit as a receivable in Other Current Assets. As of October 31, 2022, we carried a $1.6 million the ERC receivable in Other Current Assets. In January 2023, we received a refund of $1.2 million related to the ERC.

Financial Condition

The following table presents certain key measures of financial condition as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

	2022					2021
	Amount		% Total Assets			Amount		% Total Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,532		5.1	%	$	13,053		26.3	%
Current assets		46,247		51.6	%		40,648		81.9	%
Current liabilities		19,536		21.8	%		9,370		18.9	%
Working capital		26,711		29.8	%		31,278		63.0	%
Property and equipment, net		3,173		3.5	%		708		1.4	%
Total assets		89,566		100.0	%		49,648		100.0	%
Stockholders' equity		41,869		46.7	%		39,603		79.8	%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have been able to fund our liquidity and other capital requirements from funds we generated from operations. On March 1, 2022, we acquired Microlab. The acquisition of Microlab has affected both our liquidity and our capital resources. In order to acquire Microlab, we used $7.3 million of our cash on hand to pay a portion of the purchase price, thereby reducing the amount available for future acquisitions, for investments in the expansion of our existing businesses and assets, or as a reserve for unanticipated financial requirements. In connection with the purchase of Microlab, we entered into the Credit Facility and borrowed the full $17 million amount available under the Term Loan. We believe that our remaining and existing assets and the cash we expect to generate from operations and from our current backlog of unfulfilled orders, will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs during the next twelve months from the date of this filing based on the following: 

As of October 31, 2022, we had a total of $4.5 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to a total of $13.1 million of cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2021. As of October 31, 2022, we had working capital of $26.7 million and a current ratio of approximately 2.4:1 with current assets of $46.2 million and current liabilities of $19.5 million.

As of October 31, 2022, our backlog was $27.8 million compared to a backlog of $33.3 million as of October 31, 2021. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to shipment delays and to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

As of October 31, 2022, we generated $2.9 million of cash in our operating activities. This net inflow of cash is primarily related to our net income of $1.4 million, $1.7 million from depreciation and amortization and increased accrued expenses of $3.1 million, increases in right of use asset of $3.4 million, and increased trade accounts receivable of $1.5 million due to timing of collections. The foregoing cash provided was primarily offset by increased inventory purchases (which increased our inventory balance by $6.1 million), deferred income taxes of $1.4 million, other current assets of $2.9 million and accounts payable of $1.1 million.

As of October 31, 2022, we also spent $2.7 million on capital expenditures, primarily related to lease hold improvements which were eligible for reimbursement (noted in other current assets), and $24.4 million on the purchase of Microlab offset by $17 million from the Term Loan as noted above which we have also paid $1.4 million down. The cash used in operating activities and the amounts spent on capital expenditures were partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds that we received from the exercise of stock options.

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Our goal to expand and grow our business both organically and through acquisitions may require material additional capital equipment. In the past, we have purchased all additional equipment, or financed some of our equipment and furnishings requirements through leases. Currently, no additional capital equipment purchases have been identified that would require significant additional leasing or capital expenditures during the next twelve months. We also believe that based on our current financial condition, our current backlog of unfulfilled orders and our anticipated future operations, we would be able to finance our expansion, if necessary.

From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions of other companies or product lines in order to diversify our product and solutions offerings and customer base. Conversely, we may undertake the disposition of a division or product line due to changes in our business strategy or market conditions.  Acquisitions may require the outlay of cash, which may reduce our liquidity and capital resources while dispositions may increase our cash position, liquidity and capital resources. Since our goal is to continue to expand our operations and accelerate our growth through future acquisitions, we may use some of our current capital resources to fund any acquisitions we may undertake in the future.

Results of Operations

The following summarizes the key components of our consolidated results of operations for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

	2022						2021
	Amount			% of Net Sales			Amount		% of Net Sales
Net sales	$	85,254			100.0	%	$	57,424		100.0	%
Cost of sales		60,705			71.2	%		39,656		69.1	%
Gross profit		24,549			28.8	%		17,768		30.9	%
Engineering expenses		2,913			3.4	%		1,479		2.6	%
Selling and general expenses		19,448			22.8	%		11,874		20.7	%
Operating income		2,188			2.6	%		4,415		7.7	%
Other (loss) income		(601	)		-0.7	%		2,802		4.9	%
Income before provision for income taxes		1,587			1.9	%		7,217		12.6	%
Provision for income taxes		139			0.2	%		1,036		1.8	%
Consolidated net income		1,448			1.7	%		6,181		10.8	%

Net sales for the year ended October 31, 2022 (“fiscal 2022”) increased by $27.8 million (or 48%) to $85.3 million, as compared to net sales of $57.4 million for the year ended October 31, 2021 (“fiscal 2021”). The increase was due to the RF Connector segment ($15.5 million or 99% increase from fiscal 2021), which includes Microlab which we acquired March 2022 (which contributed $14.4 million in sales).

Net sales in the Custom Cabling segment increased by $12.3 million, or 29%, to $54.1 million compared to $41.8 million in fiscal 2021. The sales increase reflects the increase in project-based business that were primarily related to the sales of hybrid fiber cables used in the build out of 4G and 5G networks.

Gross profit for fiscal 2022 increased by $6.8 million (excluding ERC from fiscal 2021, gross profit increased $9.4 million) to $24.5 million, and gross margins decreased to 28.8% of sales from 30.9% of sales in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC from fiscal 2021, gross margin increased when compared to fiscal 2021, which was 26.4%). The improved gross margin and gross profit, which excluding the impact of ERC from fiscal 2021, was primarily a result of higher sales and a better product mix with the acquisition of Microlab.

Engineering expenses increased $1.4 million to $2.9 million for fiscal 2022 compared to $1.5 million in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC, engineering expense would have been $1.8 million). The primary reason for the increase is due to Microlab engineering expenses of $1.0 million. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of new products.

Selling and general expenses increased by $7.6 million to $19.4 million (to 22.8% of sales) in fiscal 2022 compared to $11.9 million (20.7% of sales) in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC, selling and general expenses would have been $12.4 million (21.6% of sales)). Microlab accounted for $3.3 million of the selling and general expenses and acquisition related expenses and other one-time charges (including attorney fees, due diligence, and broker fees) accounted for $1.5 million and additional rent expense of $529,000 (non-cash) related to lease accounting for fiscal 2022. Selling and general expenses also increased as a result of the increase in net sales during the current fiscal 2022.

Other loss for fiscal 2022 is primarily interest expense of $0.4 million from the term loan and $0.2 million from foreign currency at time of collections. In February 2021, all of the $2.8 million of PPP Loans were forgiven and considered paid in full (including applicable interest), which debt forgiveness is reflected as “Other Income”.

The provision for income taxes was $0.1 million for an effective tax rate of 8.8% for fiscal 2022 and $1.0 million for an effective tax rate of 14.4% for fiscal 2021. The change in effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 and 2021 was primarily driven by the disproportionate impact of various permanent book-tax differences with respect to our forecasted book income or loss in each period.

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For fiscal 2022, net income was $1.4 million and fully diluted earnings per share was $0.14 per share as compared to net income of $6.2 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.61 per share for fiscal 2021. For fiscal 2022, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,242,417 as compared to 10,154,239 for fiscal 2021.

Inflation and Rising Costs

The cost to manufacture the Company’s products is influenced by the cost of raw materials and labor. The Company has recently experienced higher costs as a result of the increasing cost of labor and the increasing cost of raw materials. The cost of raw materials is due in part to a shortage in the availability of certain products, the higher cost of shipping, and inflation. Labor costs have risen recently as a result of increases in the minimum wage laws and an increased demand for workers. The Company may, from time to time, try to offset these cost increases by increasing the prices of its products. However, because the prices of certain of the Company’s products, particularly those under longer-term manufacturing contracts for communications related products, are fixed until the goods are manufactured and delivered, implementing price increases frequently is often not feasible.

ITEM 7A. QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable to a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of SEC Regulation S-K.

ITEM 8. STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The Company’s financial statements required by this item are set forth as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference in this Item 8. The following Financial Statements of the Company with related Notes and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are attached hereto as pages F-1 to F-22 and filed as part of this Annual Report:

● Report of CohnReznick LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

● Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2022 and 2021

● Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021

● Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021

● Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021

● Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide reasonable assurance only of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in weighting the costs and benefits of possible new or different controls and procedures. Limitations are inherent in all control systems, so no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and any fraud have been detected.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this report, management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level as of October 31, 2022.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Our system of internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the above evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of October 31, 2022.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Controls

Other than as described below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2022 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Scope of Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As described throughout this Annual Report, on March 1, 2022 we acquired Microlab, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. While our financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 include the results of Microlab from March 1, 2022 through October 31, 2022, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, our management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting for Microlab. Further, our management's conclusion regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022 does not extend to the internal control over financial reporting for Microlab.

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency, and to maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes. We did not make any material change to our internal control over financial reporting due to the acquisition.

We are currently integrating policies, processes, technology, and operations for the consolidated company and will continue to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting as we develop and execute our integration plans. Until the Company is fully integrated, we will maintain the operational integrity of each company's internal control over financial reporting. Microlab constituted $9.0 million of total assets as of October 31, 2022 and $14.4 million of revenues for the year then ended.

Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Set forth below is information regarding the Company’s directors, including information furnished by them as to their principal occupations for the last five years, and their ages as of January 15, 2023. Other than Robert Dawson, our current President and Chief Executive Officer, all of the Directors are “independent directors” as defined by the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market, and the Board of Directors has determined that such independent directors have no relationship with the Company that would interfere with the exercise of their independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Name	Age		Director Since
Mark K. Holdsworth, Chairman		57		2020
Sheryl Cefali		60		2019
Jason Cohenour		61		2022
Robert Dawson		49		2018
Gerald T. Garland		72		2017
Kay L. Tidwell		45		2022

Mark K. Holdsworth was appointed to the Board on December 31, 2020. Mr. Holdsworth is the Managing Partner of The Holdsworth Group, LLC (“THG”), which he founded in 2019. THG is a capital partner, advisor, and curator of alternative investments for family offices and corporations worldwide. From 1999-2018, Mr. Holdsworth was a Co-Founder, Managing Partner and Operating Partner of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“TCP”), a Los Angeles-based private multi-strategy investment firm that was acquired by BlackRock, Inc. in August 2018, and was a Managing Director of BlackRock until April 2019. Mr. Holdsworth is currently a director of Parsons Corporation (NYSE: PSN), where he previously held the position of Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Responsibility Committee, and was a former member of the Executive Committee. Mr. Holdsworth earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Pomona College, a Bachelor of Science degree (with Honors) from the California Institute of Technology and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School.

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Sheryl Cefali was appointed to the Board of Directors in 2019 and currently serves as the Chair of the Compensation Committee and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Ms. Cefali is a Managing Director in the Duff & Phelps Opinions Practice of Kroll, LLC. Ms. Cefali has over 30 years of experience rendering fairness and solvency opinions and determining valuations of companies and securities. She is a member of the Fairness and Solvency Opinion Senior Review Committee at Duff & Phelps. Prior to joining Duff & Phelps in 1990, she was a Vice President with Houlihan Lokey. Ms. Cefali received her M.B.A. with a concentration in finance from the University of Southern California and her B.A. degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

Jason Cohenour was appointed to the Board of Directors in 2022 and serves as a member of the Board’s Audit Committee and Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee. Mr. Cohenour joins the Board with many years of executive leadership, sales, operations, and international merger and acquisition experience. Mr. Cohenour served as President, CEO and Director at Sierra Wireless, where he led the company from 2005 to 2018. At Sierra Wireless, Mr. Cohenour led a successful business turn-around, resulting in revenue growth of nearly 800% to an annualized run rate of over $800 million. Mr. Cohenour also held several executive positions at Sierra Wireless from 1996 to 2005, including Vice President of Sales, SVP of Sales & Marketing and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Cohenour also serves on the boards of CalAmp, Lantronix, and Blackline Safety Corporation. He has a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Rhode Island.

Robert Dawson has been the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer since July 17, 2017. Effective July 21, 2018, Mr. Dawson was appointed to the Company’s Board to also serve as a director. Prior to joining RF Industries on July 17, 2017, Mr. Dawson was President and CEO of Vision Technology Services, an information technology consulting and project management company that was acquired by BG Staffing. He spent 2007-2013 at TESSCO Technologies, a publicly traded distributor of wireless products and services. At TESSCO Mr. Dawson held multiple executive roles in sales, marketing, product management and strategy culminating with being Vice President of Sales, responsible for TESSCO’s sales organization and leading a team delivering more than $700 million in sales. He joined TESSCO through the 2007 acquisition of NetForce Solutions, a technology training and consulting firm that he co-founded in 2000 and led as the Chief Executive Officer through seven years of growth before being acquired by TESSCO. Mr. Dawson received his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Hillsdale College.

Gerald T. Garland has been a Board member since 2017 and currently serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee and a Committee member on the Compensation Committee and the Strategy Planning and Capital Allocation Committee. From 2006 until 2015, Mr. Garland served as Senior Vice President of Solutions Development and Product Management for TESSCO Technologies, a publicly-traded value-added distributor and solutions provider for the wireless industry. Prior to that, Mr. Garland served as Senior Vice President of the Commercial Division at TESSCO, where he was responsible for sales, business and product development and product management at the Company’s core wireless communications business. He was previously Director of Business Development at American Express Tax and Business Services from 2002 to 2003, where he was involved in an expanded asset recovery capability for Fortune 1000 corporations. From 2000 to 2001, he was Chief Financial Officer at Mentor Technologies, a developer of on-line, Cisco certification training products. Mr. Garland was Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer at TESSCO Technologies from 1993 to 1999, during which he oversaw the company’s successfully completed initial public offering as well as TESSCO’s annual sales expansion from $50 million to over $160 million. Prior to joining TESSCO, Mr. Garland held leadership positions at Bank of America and Stanley Black & Decker. Mr. Garland received his M.B.A., with a concentration in Finance, from Loyola University and his Bachelor of Science in Business Management and Accounting from Towson University. He is currently the CEO and a Co-Founder of Life, Leadership and Legacy, LLC, the Managing Director at Incite Consulting and a member of the Board of Directors and Senior Adviser to the World Trade Center Institute. He is also a Senior Adviser and former Board member of SOZO Children.

Kay L. Tidwell was appointed to the Board in 2022 and serves on our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee. Ms. Tidwell is the Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Risk Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties Inc. She joined Hudson Pacific in 2010 and is responsible for the Company’s corporate legal function, overseeing corporate governance matters, SEC and NYSE compliance, insurance and litigation, as well as managing outside counsel. Prior to Hudson Pacific, Tidwell was an attorney at Latham & Watkins LLP, where she began her legal career in the Los Angeles office, advising on a wide variety of corporate and securities matters, including Hudson Pacific’s IPO. Tidwell also worked as the U.S. associate in the German offices of Latham & Watkins. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, magna cum laude, from Yale College. She also earned a Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School.

The Company believes that Messrs. Holdsworth, Cohenour, Dawson and Garland and Ms. Cefali and Tidwell have the following qualifications as members of the Board of Directors:

Mark K. Holdsworth: Mr. Holdsworth has significant experience in investment banking and investment management. In addition, Mr. Holdsworth has experience in serving on the Boards of Directors of major public companies and as the Chairman of a Corporate Governance and Responsibility Committee.

Sheryl Cefali: Ms. Cefali has over 30 years of experience rendering fairness and solvency opinions and determining valuations of companies and securities. Ms. Cefali is currently a Managing Director in the Duff & Phelps Opinions Practice of Kroll, LLC, as well as a member of that firm’s Fairness and Solvency Opinion Senior Review Committee.

Jason Cohenour. Mr. Cohenour has extensive leadership and industry experience having served as President, CEO and Director at Sierra Wireless from 2005 to 2018. Mr. Cohenour also has corporate governance experience, including as a member of the audit committee and chair of the governance and nominating committee as a member of the Board of CalAmp, a connected intelligence company. Mr. Cohenour also serves on the board of Lantronix, and Blackline Safety Corporation.

Robert Dawson: Mr. Dawson has significant leadership experience in sales, marketing, product management and strategy for a leading publicly traded distributor of wireless products and services. Mr. Dawson also served as President and CEO of an information technology consulting and project management company and was a co-founder of a successful telecom and wireless technology training and consulting firm that he led for seven years of growth until it was acquired.

Gerald T. Garland: Mr. Garland has significant leadership experience in financial management, product management, sales management, solutions development and global sourcing. Mr. Garland has significant industry experience having served as the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President for a leading publicly traded distributor and solutions provider of wireless products and services for over 18 years. Mr. Garland has also held senior leadership positions with Bank of America, Stanley Black & Decker and American Express Tax and Business Services.

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Kay L. Tidwell. Ms. Tidwell has experience advising public company boards as a former attorney at Latham & Watkins. In her current role as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Risk Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc., she also has relevant corporate governance compliance and risk management experience.

Management

Robert Dawson, 49, has been the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer since July 17, 2017. Effective July 21, 2018, Mr. Dawson was appointed to the Company’s Board to also serve as a director. See preceding section for information regarding Mr. Dawson.

Peter Yin, 40, Chief Financial Officer, was appointed as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary effective July 11, 2020, promoted to Chief Financial Officer on January 12, 2021 and additionally appointed Treasurer on December 10, 2021. Mr. Yin, a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Fraud Examiner, joined the Company in September 2014 and served as the Company’s Senior Vice President, Finance & Operations since November 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Yin worked at Sony Corporation of America in Corporate Audit from 2010 to 2014, and at Grant Thornton in the Assurance practice from 2006 to 2010. Mr. Yin received a Bachelor’s degree in Accountancy from the University of San Diego.

Ray Bibisi, 58, joined the Company as Chief Revenue Officer in January 2020 and was promoted to Chief Operating Officer effective in May 2022. Prior to joining the Company, he spent over 30 years at Radio Frequency Systems, where he concurrently held the roles of Vice President of Sales and General Manager of North America, and was a member of the Global Governing Executive Committee, and concurrently also oversaw operations, finance, supply chain, and research and development.

Board of Director Meetings

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Board of Directors held seven meetings. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, each member of the Board of Directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Board committees on which they served.

Board Age Limitation Policy

In December 2020, the Board adopted a policy that no individual shall be eligible to be nominated by the Board of Directors for election or re-election as a member of the Board if, at the time of the nomination, the individual has attained the age of 75 years.

Board Committees

During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors maintained four committees: the Compensation Committee, the Audit Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee.

The Audit Committee meets periodically with the Company’s management and independent registered public accounting firm to, among other things, review the results of the annual audit and quarterly reviews and discuss the financial statements. The Audit Committee also hires the independent registered public accounting firm, and receives and considers the accountant’s comments as to controls, adequacy of staff and management performance and procedures. The Audit Committee is also authorized to review related party transactions for potential conflicts of interest and to conduct internal investigations into whistleblower complaints, and to oversee the Company’s cybersecurity risk, policies and procedures. During fiscal 2022, until September 8, 2022, the Audit Committee was composed of Mr. Garland (Chair), Ms. Cefali and Mr. Holdsworth. As of September 8, 2022, Mr. Cohenour replaced Mr. Holdsworth as a member of the Audit Committee upon joining the Board. Each of the current members of the Audit Committee is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. In addition, each of the members of the Audit Committee has significant knowledge of financial matters, and Messrs. Garland and Cohenour are “audit committee financial experts.” The Audit Committee met six times during fiscal 2022.

The Compensation Committee currently consists of Ms. Cefali (Chair), Mr. Garland, Mr. Holdsworth, and Ms. Tidwell, each of whom is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. During fiscal 2022, Marvin Fink served on the Compensation Committee until he resigned as a director as of September 6, 2022, and Ms. Tidwell was appointed to the Compensation Committee on September 8, 2022. The Compensation Committee is responsible for considering and recommending to the Board the compensation arrangements for senior management. As part of its other responsibilities, the Compensation Committee provides general oversight of our compensation structure and, if deemed necessary, retains and approves the terms of the retention of compensation consultants and other compensation experts. Other specific duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include reviewing the performance of executive officers; reviewing and approving objectives relevant to executive officer compensation; recommending equity-based and incentive compensation plans; and recommending compensation policies and practices for service on our Board of Directors and its committees and for the Chair of our Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee held six meetings during fiscal 2022.

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The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and recommending corporate governance guidelines to the Board, identifying qualified individuals to become directors, recommending selected nominees to serve on the Board, and overseeing the evaluation of the Board and its committees. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Ms. Cefali (Chair), Mr. Holdsworth, and Ms. Tidwell, each of whom is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. During fiscal 2022 Mr. Fink served on the Committee until he resigned as a director as of September 6, 2022 and Ms. Tidwell joined as of September 8, 2022. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held six meetings during fiscal 2022.

The Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in carrying out its oversight responsibilities relating to potential mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, and other key strategic transactions outside the ordinary course of the Company’s business. This committee held eight meetings in fiscal 2022 and consists of Messrs. Holdsworth (Chair), Dawson, and Garland, and as of September 8, 2022, Mr. Cohenour.

The Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee each operate pursuant to a written charter, which charters are available on our website on www.rfindustries.com.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of our Directors, officers and employees, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The Code is posted on our website at www.rfindustries.com. We intend to disclose any amendments to the Code by posting such amendments on its website. In addition, any waivers of the Code for Directors or executive officers of the Company will be disclosed in a report on Form 8-K.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), requires the Company’s executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Based solely upon a review of the Section 16(a) reports filed electronically with the SEC by our executive officers and directors and persons owning more than 10% of our common stock and upon any written representations received from the executive officers and directors, to our knowledge, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, all Section 16(a) reports were timely filed.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table discloses the compensation awarded to, earned by, paid to or accrued to our named executive officers for services rendered to us for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.

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Summary Compensation Table 

											Nonqualified
									Non-Equity		Deferred
					Stock		Option		Incentive Plan		Compensation	All Other
		Salary	Severance	Bonus	Awards		Awards		Compensation		Earnings	Compensation	Total
Name and Principal Position	Year	($)	($)	($)	($)		($)		($)		($)	($) (4)	($)
Robert D. Dawson
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (1)	2022	435,000	-	-	165,898	(5)	179,250	(5)	243,687	(11)	-	58,405	1,082,240
	2021	407,292	-	-	104,580	(6)	333,601	(6)	143,331	(12)	-	49,038	1,037,842
Peter Yin
Chief Financial Officer (2)	2022	275,000	-	-	59,248	(7)	166,446	(7)	102,713	(11)	-	45,362	648,769
	2021	200,000	-	10,000	24,900	(8)	24,593	(8)	67,450	(12)	-	31,040	357,983
Ray Bibisi
Chief Operating Officer (3)	2022	210,000	-	-	28,440	(9)	30,728	(9)	78,435	(11)	-	17,202	364,805
	2021	200,000	-	7,500	18,675	(10)	18,445	(10)	67,450	(12)	-	9,155	321,225

(1) Effective July 16, 2021, Mr. Dawson entered into a new employment agreement with the Company and, in connection therewith, his annual salary increased from $400,000 to $425,000, and effective January 10, 2022, his annual salary increased to $435,000.

(2) Effective January 12, 2021, Mr. Yin was promoted to Chief Financial Officer, at which time his annual base salary increased from $187,000 to $200,000, and effective January 10, 2022, his annual salary increased to $275,000.

(3) Mr. Bibisi joined the Company as Chief Revenue Officer as of January 6, 2020 at an annual salary of $200,000, and effective May 13, 2022, Mr. Bibisi was appointed Chief Operating Officer, and effective January 10, 2022, his annual salary increased to $210,000.

(4) Represents accrued vacation.

(5) On January 10, 2022, Mr. Dawson was granted 23,333 shares of restricted stock valued at $165,898 and options to purchase 46,667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.11 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant) valued at $179,250.

(6) On January 12, 2021, Mr. Dawson was granted 21,000 shares of restricted stock valued at $104,580 and options to purchase 42,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.98 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant) valued at $103,291. On July 16, 2021, Mr. Dawson entered into a new employment agreement with the Company and, in connection therewith, was granted an option to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.69 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant). The option was valued at $230,310.

(7) On January 10, 2022, Mr. Yin was granted 8,333 shares of restricted stock valued at $59,248 and options to purchase 43,334 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.11 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and consisting of an annual grant of 16,667 options and a special one-time grant of 26,667 options) valued at $166,446.

(8) On January 12, 2021, Mr. Yin was granted 5,000 shares of restricted stock valued at $24,900 and options to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.98 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant) valued at $24,593.

(9) On January 10, 2022, Mr. Bibisi was granted 4,000 shares of restricted stock valued at $28,440 and options to purchase 8,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.11(the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant) valued at $30,728.

(10) On January 12, 2021, Mr. Bibisi was granted 3,750 shares of restricted stock valued at $18,675 and options to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.98 (the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant) valued at $18,445.

(11) January 10, 2022, the Board adopted an incentive compensation plan for officers (including the named executive officers) and senior managers of the Company pursuant to which officers and managers were entitled to cash bonuses based upon (i) the Company’s achievement of specified corporate goals and (ii) the satisfaction of subjective personal performance and contribution goals established for that participant. The personal bonus target for Mr. Dawson was 75% and Mr. Yin and Mr. Bibisi was 50% of their respective annual base salaries.  The Board determined that each of these officers achieved 75% of the established goals, and therefore Mr. Dawson earned approximately 56% and Mr. Yin and Mr. Bibisi each earned a bonus of approximately 37.4% of their respective salary for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

(12) On January 12, 2021, the Board adopted an incentive compensation plan for officers (including the named executive officers) and senior managers of the Company pursuant to which officers and managers were entitled to cash bonuses based upon (i) the Company’s achievement of specified corporate goals and (ii) the satisfaction of subjective personal performance and contribution goals established for that participant. The personal bonus target for Mr. Dawson, Mr. Yin and Mr. Bibisi was 50% of their respective annual base salaries.  The Board determined that each of these officers achieved 67.5% of the established goals, and therefore each earned a bonus of approximately 33.7% of their respective salary for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021.

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2022 Option Grants

On January 10, 2022, we granted incentive stock options to Mr. Dawson for the purchase of 46,667 shares, Mr. Yin for the purchase of 43,334 shares, and Mr. Bibisi for the purchase of 8,000 shares. The options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 10, 2023. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

No other options were granted to the named executive officers during the year ended October 31, 2022.

Holdings of Previously Awarded Equity

Equity awards held as of October 31, 2022 by each of our named executive officers were issued under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan and 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. The following table sets forth outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of October 31, 2022:

Outstanding Equity Awards As Of October 31, 2022

	Option Awards
Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable	Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Unearned Options (#)			Option Exercise Price ($)		Option Expiration Date
Robert D. Dawson		45,000			25,000	(1)		1.90	07/17/27
		28,875			13,125	(2)		6.40	01/09/30
		18,375			23,625	(3)		4.98	01/12/31
		50,000			-			8.69	07/16/31
		-			46,667	(4)		7.11	01/10/32
Peter Yin		16,000			40,000	(5)		2.40	12/13/27
		5,157			2,343	(6)		6.40	01/09/30
		4,375			5,625	(3)		4.98	01/12/31
		-			43,334	(4)		7.11	01/10/32
Ray Bibisi		30,000			20,000	(7)		6.74	01/06/30
		6,875			3,125	(8)		6.40	01/09/30
		3,282			4,218	(3)		4.98	01/12/31
		-			8,000	(4)		7.11	01/10/32

(1)	Vests as to 25,000 shares on July 17, 2022 and 25,000 shares on July 17, 2023.
(2)	Vests in installments of 2,625 shares per quarter.
(3)	Vests over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter shall vest on January 12, 2022; and (ii) the remaining options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 12, 2022.
(4)	Vests over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 10, 2023.
(5)	Vests as to 8,000 shares annually following grant on December 13, 2017.
(6)	Vests in installments of 469 shares per quarter.
(7)	Vests as to 10,000 shares annually following grant on January 6, 2020.
(8)	Vests in installments of 625 shares per quarter.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we did not adjust or amend the exercise price of stock options awarded to the named executive officers.

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Employment Agreements; Incentive Plan; Change of Control Arrangements

Employment Agreements

Robert Dawson. On July 17, 2019, RF Industries, Ltd. entered into a two-year employment agreement (the “2019 Agreement”) with Mr. Dawson. Under the 2019 Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Dawson an annual base salary of $400,000. Mr. Dawson was also eligible to participate in the Company’s annual bonus plan, pursuant to which he had the opportunity to earn a year-end bonus equal to fifty percent (50%) of his annual base salary.

On July 16, 2021, the Company entered into a new employment agreement (the “New Agreement”) with Robert D. Dawson, pursuant to which he continues to serve as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The New Agreement became effective on July 17, 2021 and replaced Mr. Dawson’s prior employment agreement that expired on July 17, 2021. The initial term of the New Agreement ends on January 31, 2023, after which the New Agreement shall automatically renew for additional one (1) year periods, unless either Mr. Dawson or the Company provides the other party with written notice of non-renewal at least ninety (90) days prior to the date of automatic renewal.

Under the New Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Dawson an annual base salary of $425,000. Mr. Dawson will also be eligible to participate in the Company’s annual bonus plan, pursuant to which he will have the opportunity to earn a year-end bonus equal to fifty percent (50%) of his annual base salary. Under the New Agreement, if Mr. Dawson’s employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for “cause”, the Company is obligated to Mr. Dawson for (x) an amount equal to one year’s base salary as in effect at such time, and (y) the estimated pro rata portion of his target bonus that was earned through the date of termination, and the vesting period of all of Mr. Dawson’s unvested stock options and all unvested time-based restricted stock grants will automatically be fully accelerated as of the termination date. The foregoing provisions will not apply if Mr. Dawson voluntarily terminates his employment with the Company or is terminated for cause. Mr. Dawson’s annual base salary for fiscal year 2022 was $435,000.

Also, effective July 17, 2021, Mr. Dawson received a fully vested, ten-year immediately exercisable stock option to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The exercise price of this option is $8.69, which was the closing price on the date of the New Agreement. The New Agreement also provided that the vesting schedule of the remaining unvested portion of an option that was granted to him in 2017 was revised. On July 17, 2017, Mr. Dawson received stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2017 Option”). The award has an exercise price of $1.90 and vests as to 10,000 shares per year on each anniversary of July 17, 2017 (with 10,000 shares having vested on July 17, 2017) while he is employed by the Company. As of July 17, 2021, 50,000 shares remained unvested under the 2017 Option. Under the revised vesting schedule, provided that Mr. Dawson is still employed by the Company, 25,000 shares of those unvested options under the 2017 Option vested on July 17, 2022, and the remaining 25,000 shares will vest on July 17, 2023.

Upon a Change of Control Transaction (as defined in the New Agreement), all of Mr. Dawson’s time based stock options and shares of restricted stock shall immediately vest, whether or not his employment is terminated. If, at the time of a Change of Control Transaction, Mr. Dawson’s employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause (as defined in the New Agreement), Mr. Dawson will be entitled to receive a change of control cash payment in an amount equal to 12 months of his base salary.

Peter Yin. Mr. Yin was promoted to Chief Financial Officer on January 12, 2021.  Mr. Yin is currently employed on an at-will basis without written employment agreement. Mr. Yin’s annual base salary for the fiscal year 2022 was $275,000.

Ray Bibisi. Mr. Bibisi was appointed to Chief Operating Officer in May 2022 and is currently employed on an at-will basis without written employment agreement.  Mr. Bibisi’s annual base salary for fiscal year 2022 was $210,000.

Adoption of Fiscal Year 2022 Management Incentive Equity and Cash Compensation Plan

On January 10, 2022, the Board adopted an annual incentive compensation plan for officers (including the Company’s named executive officers) and certain senior managers of the Company and its subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 (the “2022 Compensation Plan”). Under the 2022 Compensation Plan, each participant (i) received an equity award as a long-term incentive, and (ii) is eligible to receive a cash payment after the end of the fiscal year as a short-term incentive.

Equity Awards. In order to provide long term incentives to the Company’s officers and managers, on January 10, 2022 the Board granted participating officers and managers shares of restricted stock and options to purchase the Company’s common stock. Provided the participating officer or manager is still employed with the Company or its subsidiaries on the following dates, the shares of restricted stock and the options shall vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 10, 2023. The options have a ten-year term and an exercise price of $7.11 per share (which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant).

Mr. Dawson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, also is a participant in the 2022 Compensation Plan and was granted 23,333 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 46,667 shares of common stock. Mr. Yin, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, was granted 8,333 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 43,334 shares of common stock, and Mr. Bibisi was granted 4,000 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 8,000 shares of common stock. All of the foregoing options have an exercise price of $7.11, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Cash Incentives. Under the 2022 Compensation Plan, cash incentive bonuses, if any, will be paid to certain officers and senior managers based upon (i) the Company’s achievement of specified financial goals and (ii) the Board’s discretionary review of each participant’s performance during fiscal 2021. The corporate goals will apply equally to all participating officers and managers. The subjective performance of each officer will be evaluated and determined by the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, after consultation with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

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The minimum, target and maximum cash bonus payable to the Chief Executive Officer is, respectively, 0%, 75% and 112.5% of his annual base salary, depending on achievement of the specified goals. For the other participants, the minimum bonus is 0%, the target bonuses range from 15% to 50% of base pay, and the maximum cash bonus payable ranges from to 22.5% to 75% of the recipient’s fiscal 2022 annual base salary. Bonuses will be weighted and based on (i) the Company’s achievement of certain fiscal 2022 revenues (weighted 30%), (ii) fiscal 2022 adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) (weighted 60%), and (iii) a subjective evaluation of each individual’s performance (weighted 10%). The calculation of adjusted EBITDA will exclude the impact of one-time charges related to any business acquisitions or dispositions effected during the year, severance payments, moving costs, the impact of the Federal Paycheck Protection Program loans the Company has received, earn-out payments or reversals, other non-recurring items, executive bonus payments and equity compensation expenses accrued to management. The Board and the Compensation Committee reserve the right to modify these goals, criteria and target percentage at any time, and to grant bonuses to the participants even if the performance goals are not met. In addition, the Board and Compensation Committee may modify the bonus plan targets to reflect significant changes in Company’s business, including changes due to acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or product lines. The 2022 bonuses will be paid within 75 days after the end to the fiscal year to participating officers and managers who are employed with the Company or its subsidiaries on the date of payment.

Change of Control Arrangements

As described in “Employment Agreements; Incentive Plan; Change of Control Arrangements--Employment Agreements--Robert Dawson,” above, Mr. Dawson is entitled to a cash payment and the acceleration of the vesting of certain of his options upon a Change of Control Transaction (as defined in his current employment agreement).

The outstanding stock options currently owned by the Company’s principal officers (including Messrs. Dawson, Yin and Bibisi) and division managers provide that, immediately prior to a change of control (as defined), all unvested stock options will become fully vested and exercisable. In addition, the shares of restricted stock granted to each of the non-executive directors for his/her services to be rendered during the current year, shall also become fully vested upon a change of control event.

The Company has no other change of control payment agreements that are currently in effect.

Compensation of Directors

Under the compensation policies adopted by the Compensation Committee, directors who also are officers and/or employees of the Company do not receive any compensation for serving on the Board. On September 8, 2021, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders was the same as they received in 2021 (i.e., $50,000). In addition, effective September 8, 2021, the Board determined that both Board fees and additional chair fees would be paid half in cash and half in restricted stock, and, in light of the additional work required by the chairs, revised the chair fees as follows, $25,000 for the Chairman of the Board, $25,000 for the Audit Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Compensation Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Chair, and $10,000 for the Nominating & Governance Chair.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION FOR 2022

		Fees
		Earned or
		Paid in		Stock		Option		All Other
Name		Cash		Awards (1)		Awards		Compensation		Total
Sheryl Cefali		$	40,000	$	40,000	$	-	$	-	$	80,000
Marvin Fink	(2)	$	25,000	$	25,000	$	-	$	-	$	50,000
Gerald Garland		$	37,500	$	37,500	$	-	$	-	$	75,000
Mark Holdsworth		$	47,500	$	47,500	$	-	$	-	$	95,000

(1) On September 8, 2021, Mr. Holdsworth was granted 5,785 shares of restricted stock; Ms. Cefali, 4,871 shares; Mr. Garland, 4,567 shares; and Mr. Fink, 3,044 shares. The number of restricted shares granted to each director was determined by dividing the amount of the fee by the 20-day average trailing closing price of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant ($8.21).

(2) Effective September 6, 2022 Mr. Fink resigned from the Board of Directors.

30

On September 8, 2022, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders will be $90,000 ($40,000 in cash and $50,000 in restricted stock). In addition, effective September 8, 2022, the Board determined that additional chair fees and committee member fees would be paid in cash as follows:

	Chair		Member
Board	$	25,000
Audit Committee	$	8,000	$	5,000
Compensation Committee	$	6,000	$	5,000
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee	$	4,000	$	4,000
Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee	$	4,000	$	4,000

The restricted stock fees vest on the earlier of (i) one year from the date of grant, or (ii) the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders.  The number of restricted shares granted to each director was 7,485 determined by dividing the amount of the fee by the closing price of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant ($6.68).  Accordingly, on September 8, 2022, Mr. Holdsworth, Ms. Cefali, Mr. Cohenour, Mr. Garland, and Ms. Tidwell was granted 7,485 shares of restricted stock.  The cash fees vests in four equal quarterly installments paid in arrears commencing November 1, 2022.

31

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the Company’s Common Stock as of January 2, 2023 for: (i) each director; (ii) the Company’s named executive officers; (iii) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) all those known by the Company to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Common Stock. As of January 2, 2023, there were 10,198,700 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

	Number of Shares			Percentage
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner	Beneficially Owned (1)			Beneficially Owned
Mark K. Holdsworth		616,514			6.0	%
Robert D. Dawson		253,078	(2)		2.4	%
Gerald T. Garland		107,682	(3)		1.1	%
Peter Yin		107,467	(4)		1.1	%
Ray Bibisi		53,785	(5)		*
Sheryl Cefali		42,270	(6)		*
Kay L. Tidwell		7,485			*
Jason Cohenour		7,485			*
All Directors and Officers as a Group (7 Persons)		1,195,766	(7)		11.5	%
Greater than 5% stockholders
Hytek International, Ltd
9642 Penshurst Trace
Charlotte, North Carolina 28210		752,935	(8)		7.4	%
Renaissance Technologies LLC
800 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10022		599,151	(9)		5.9	%
Punch & Associates Investment Management, Inc.
7701 France Ave. So., Suite 300
Edina, MN 55435		574,750	(10)		5.6	%
AIGH Investment Partners, L.P.
6006 Berkeley Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21209		512,037	(11)		5.0	%

* Less than 1%

(1)   Shares of common stock that could be acquired by a beneficial owner upon exercise of an option within 60 days from October 31, 2022 are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of shares beneficially owned by such owner, but are not considered to be outstanding for any other purpose.

(2) Includes 142,250 shares that Mr. Dawson has the right to acquire upon exercise of options.

(3) Includes 7,203 shares that Mr. Garland has the right to acquire upon exercise of options.

(4) Includes 33,532 shares that Mr. Yin has the right to acquire upon exercise of options.

(5) Includes 41,719 shares that Mr. Bibisi has the right to acquire upon exercise of options.

(6) Includes 3,082 shares that Ms. Cefali has the right to acquire upon exercise of options

32

(7) Includes 227,786 shares that the directors and officers have the right to acquire upon exercise of options.

(8) Based on the list of record holders maintained by the Company’s transfer agent and representation from Hytek International Ltd.’s representatives.

(9) Based on a Schedule 13G/A jointly filed with the SEC by Renaissance Technologies LLC and Renaissance Technologies Holdings Corporation on February 11, 2022.

(10) Based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by Punch & Associates Investment Management, Inc. on February 14, 2022.

(11) Based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by AIGH Investment Partners LLC. on July 19, 2022.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

None.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The following is a summary of the fees billed to the Company by CohnReznick LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, for professional services rendered related to the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021:

Fee Category	2022		2021
Audit Fees	$	265,635	$	223,380
Audit-Related Fees		-		-
Tax Fees		-		-
All Other Fees		86,625		-
Total Fees	$	352,260	$	223,380

Audit Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and review of the interim financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by CohnReznick LLP in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees. Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” We did not incur such audit-related fees from CohnReznick LLP during fiscal 2022 and 2021.

Tax Fees. Includes fees associated with tax compliance at international locations, domestic and international tax advice and planning and assistance with tax audits and appeals.

All Other Fees. Includes the aggregate fees recognized for professional services provide by CohnReznick LLP, other than those services described above, including services related to other permissible advisory services.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto are listed and included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1.  The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report:

3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2012, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated March 20, 2020, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

4.1 Description of Registrant’s Securities

10.1 Multi-Tenant Industrial Gross Lease, effective March 31, 2009, between RF Industries, Ltd. and Walton CWCA Miramar GL 74, LLC regarding the Company’s facilities in San Diego (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10- K for the year ended October 31, 2009, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.2 Second Amendment to Lease, dated August 25, 2009, to Multi-Tenant Industrial Gross Lease, effective March 31, 2009, between RF Industries, Ltd. and Walton CWCA Miramar GL 74, LLC (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10- K for the year ended October 31, 2009, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.3 Single Tenant Commercial Lease, dated June 15, 2011, between K&K and RF Industries, Ltd. regarding the Company’s lease in Yaphank, New York (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10- K for the year ended October 31, 2011, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.4 Form of 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on September 20, 2010, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

33

10.5 Form of Stock Option Agreement for the Company’s 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on September 20, 2010, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.6 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 20, 2014, between RF Industries, Ltd. and Robert A. Portera (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated January 21, 2015, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.7 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, between RF Industries, Ltd., Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., and the Shareholders. (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated June 5, 2015, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.8 Multi-Tenant Industrial Gross Lease, effective December 1, 2007, between Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. and D’Amato Investments, LLC regarding the Company’s lease in Milford, CT, as amended to date (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated May 1, 2014, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.9 Multi-Tenant Industrial Gross Lease, effective January 12, 2012, between Comnet Telecom Supply Inc. and EB3, LLC regarding the Company’s lease in East Brunswick, NJ (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated May 1, 2014, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.10 Third Amendment To Lease, by and between Icon Miramar Owner Pool 2 West/Northeast/Midwest, LLC and the Company, dated April 17, 2014 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated May 1, 2014, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.11 Fourth Amendment To Lease, by and between Icon Miramar Owner Pool 2 West/Northeast/Midwest, LLC and the RF Industries, Ltd., dated January 26, 2017 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2016, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.12 Fifth Amendment To Lease, by and between Icon Miramar Owner Pool 2 West/Northeast/Midwest, LLC and the RF Industries, Ltd., dated June 5, 2017 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated June 21, 2017, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.13 Amendment To Lease, by and between K & K Unlimited and Cables Unlimited, Inc., dated June 9, 2017 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated June 9, 2017, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.14 Fifth Amendment To Lease, by and between Icon Kimberly Alvin Property, LLC and Comnet Telecom Supply, Inc., dated June 19, 2017 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated June 9, 2017, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.15 Lease Agreement by and between D’Amato Investments, LLC and Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., dated July 25, 2017 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated July 28, 2017, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.16 Form of Indemnification Agreement (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated September 12, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference)#

10.17 Amendment To Lease, by and between K & K Unlimited and Cables Unlimited, Inc., dated June 6, 2018 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated June 6, 2018, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.18 Stock Purchase Agreement between RF Industries, Ltd. and RAP Acquisition Inc., dated October 31, 2018 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated October 31, 2018, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.19 Option Agreement Amendment - 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2018, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)#

10.20 Stock Purchase Agreement between RF Industries, Ltd., DRC Technologies, Inc. and Stockholders of DRC Technologies, Inc., dated November 4, 2019 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated November 5, 2019, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.21 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed on September 14, 2020, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.22 2021 Corporate Goals – Cash and Equity Incentive Plan, dated January 12, 2021 (previously filed as a Form 8-K, dated January 19, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference)#

10.23 2022 Corporate Goals -- Management Incentive Equity and Cash Compensation Plan, dated January 14, 2022 (previously filed as a Form 8-K, dated January 14, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference)#

10.24 Amendment To Lease, by and between K&K Unlimited and Cables Unlimited, Inc., dated June 30, 2021 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed on July 2, 2021, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.25 Employment Agreement, dated July 16, 2021, by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and Robert D. Dawson (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated July 20, 2021, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)#

10.26 Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of December 16, 2021 by and among RF Industries, Ltd., Wireless Telecom Group, Inc., and Microlab/FXR LLC (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed December 17, 2021, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference.)

10.27 AIRCRE Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease – Net by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and Sorrento West Properties, Inc., dated February 1, 2022, together with addenda thereto (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated February 7, 2022, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.28 Loan Agreement dated as of February 25, 2022, between Bank of America, N.A. and RF Industries, Ltd. (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated March 2, 2022, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

34

10.29 Sixth Amendment to Lease, by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and 7550 Miramar LLC, dated March 1, 2022 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated March 16, 2022, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.30 Lease by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and Monarch Owner LLC, dated October 19, 2022, together with addenda thereto, for the property at 300 Interpace Parkway, Suite B100, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated October 20, 2022, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.31 Lease by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and Monarch Owner LLC, dated October 19, 2022, together with addenda thereto, for the property at 300 Interpace Parkway, Suite B200, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054 (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K, dated October 20, 2022, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

10.32 First Amendment to Lease, dated October 31, 2022, by and between RF Industries, Ltd. and Sorrento West Properties, Inc.

14.1 Code of Ethics (previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2003, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference)

21.1 List of Subsidiaries

23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm CohnReznick LLP

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

EX-101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document

EX-101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

EX-101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

EX-101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

EX-101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

EX-101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

__________________________________________

#      Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(Code of Ethics)   previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2003, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference.

35

Stockholders of the Company may obtain a copy of any exhibit referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by writing to: Secretary, RF Industries, Ltd., 7610 Miramar Road, Bldg. 6000, San Diego, CA 92126. The written request must specify the stockholder’s good faith representation that such stockholder is a stockholder of the Company.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

We may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information.

36

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 596)	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets
October 31, 2022 and 2021	F-5 – F-6
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	F-7
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-10 – F-23

*       *       *

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of RF Industries, Ltd.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RF Industries, Ltd. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended October 31, 2022, and the related consolidated notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended October 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) related to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

F-2

Evaluation of Goodwill and Tradename with indefinite life arising from the acquisition of Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”) (Notes 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)

Critical Audit Matter

As disclosed in the consolidated financial statements, the Company has goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets of $8.1 million and $1.17 million, respectively, as of October 31, 2022. Approximately 13.9% of goodwill and 44.1% of indefinite lived intangibles relate to the acquisition of Schrofftech. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. Under the quantitative approach to test for goodwill impairment, the Company compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. Generally, the Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using a combination of a discounted cash flows analysis and market-based valuation methodologies. Similarly, the indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized but rather are tested by management for impairment at least annually using a relief from royalty model to estimate the fair value as compared to its carrying value.

Significant judgment is exercised by the Company in estimating the fair value of the reporting units for goodwill and the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets, specifically:

● The fair value estimate of the Schrofftech reporting unit is sensitive to assumptions such as the discount rate, revenue growth rates, and the projected cash flow terminal growth rate.

● The fair value estimates for Schrofftech indefinite lived intangible assets are sensitive to assumptions such as discount rates, revenue growth rates, royalty rates and projected cash flow terminal growth rates.

These assumptions are affected by such factors as expected future market or economic conditions.

Given these factors, auditing management’s quantitative impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets was challenging, subjective, and complex and required a high degree of auditor judgment.

How Our Audit Addressed the Critical Audit Matter

Our audit procedures related to the fair value of goodwill for the Schrofftech Reporting Unit and the Schrofftech indefinite lived intangible assets included the following, among others:

● We gained an understanding of and evaluated the design and implementation of the Company’s controls that address the risk of material misstatement related to potential impairment;

● We gained an understanding of the process to estimate future cashflows, including methods, data, and significant assumptions used, in developing the discounted cashflow analysis as well as tested the reasonableness of the underlying data used by the Company in its analyses;

● We evaluated management’s significant accounting policies related to impairment of goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for reasonableness;

● We evaluated significant judgments made by management, including the identification of reporting units along with a separate unit to capture the corporate overhead;

● We evaluated management’s ability to estimate future cash flows, including projected revenues, by performing a retrospective review of select Company historical cash flow forecasts;

● We evaluated management’s projected revenues and cash flows by comparing the projections to the underlying business strategies and growth plans and performed a sensitivity analysis related to the key inputs to projected cash flows, including revenue growth rates, to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting unit that would result from changes in assumptions; and

F-3

● With the assistance of our firm’s valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge in valuation methods and models, we tested the Company’s discounted cash flow models, including certain assumptions including the terminal value and discount rates.

Acquisition of Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”) (Notes 1 and 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)

Critical Audit Matter

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, on March 1, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Microlab/FXR, LLC for a total acquisition price of $24.5 million. The Company accounted for the acquisitions as business combinations under Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations. Under this method, the Company allocated the fair value of purchase consideration transferred to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition, including customer relationships, tradenames, backlog and proprietary technology intangible assets. The fair values assigned are based on estimates and assumptions determined by management that were inherently uncertain. Certain assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions.

We identified the valuation of the customer relationships, tradenames, backlog and proprietary technology intangible assets as a critical audit matter because of the significant assumptions made by management to determine the fair value for purposes of the purchase price allocation. Those assumptions included revenue growth rates and EBITDA (together, the “forecasts”), as well as discount and customer attrition rates and estimates of the costs to continue to develop the technology.

Given these factors, auditing management’s quantitative impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets was challenging, subjective, and complex and required a high degree of auditor judgment.

How Our Audit Addressed the Critical Audit Matter

Our audit procedures related to the acquisition of Microlab included the following, among others:

● We gained an understanding of and evaluated the design and implementation of the Company’s controls that address the risk of material misstatement related to the valuation of intangible assets acquired in a business combination, evaluating management’s significant accounting policies related to accounting for business combinations and valuation of intangible assets for reasonableness and obtaining documentation prepared by management to understand the Company’s accounting for the acquisition of Microlab. This included management’s review of the valuation models, the significant underlying assumptions used to develop estimates and the reasonableness of the data used in the valuations.

● We tested the estimated fair value of the acquired customer relationships, tradenames, backlog and proprietary technology intangible assets. In order to do so, we evaluated (1) whether material intangible assets were properly identified, (2) the significant assumptions discussed above that were used in valuing these intangible assets and (3) the reasonableness of the underlying data used by the Company in its analyses.

● We assessed the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of future cash flows by comparing the projections to historical results, and internal communications to management and board of directors. Professionals with valuation skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the (1) valuation methodology and (2) the discount and customer attrition rates utilized, testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation, and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the rates selected by management. We also evaluated whether the estimated future cash flows were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

We are uncertain as to the year CohnReznick LLP became the Company’s auditor as 1995 is the earliest year of which we have knowledge.

Tysons, Virginia

January 24, 2023

F-4

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	October 31,		October 31,
	2022		2021
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,532	$	13,053
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $126 and $87, respectively		14,812		13,523
Inventories		21,054		11,179
Other current assets		5,849		2,893
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		46,247		40,648
Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling		4,497		3,986
Furniture and office equipment		3,447		1,086
		7,944		5,072
Less accumulated depreciation		4,771		4,364
Total property and equipment, net		3,173		708
Operating lease right of use assets, net		13,480		1,453
Goodwill		8,085		2,467
Amortizable intangible assets, net		15,296		2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets		1,174		1,174
Deferred tax assets		1,816		389
Other assets		295		70
TOTAL ASSETS	$	89,566	$	49,648

F-5

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	October 31,		October 31,
	2022		2021
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	5,652	$	3,504
Accrued expenses		8,814		5,034
Current portion of Term Loan		2,424		-
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,887		832
Income taxes payable		759		-
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		19,536		9,370
Operating lease liabilities		15,025		675
Term Loan, net of debt issuance cost		13,136		-
TOTAL LIABILITIES		47,697		10,045
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,193,287 and 10,058,571 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively		102		101
Additional paid-in capital		25,118		24,301
Retained earnings		16,649		15,201
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		41,869		39,603
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	89,566	$	49,648

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Twelve Months Ended October 31,
	2022			2021
Net sales	$	85,254		$	57,424
Cost of sales		60,705			39,656
Gross profit		24,549			17,768
Operating expenses:
Engineering		2,913			1,479
Selling and general		19,448			11,874
Total operating expenses		22,361			13,353
Operating income		2,188			4,415
Other (expense) income		(601	)		2,802
Income before provision for income taxes		1,587			7,217
Provision for income taxes		139			1,036
Consolidated net income	$	1,448		$	6,181
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.14		$	0.62
Diluted	$	0.14		$	0.61
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		10,120,254			9,978,683
Diluted		10,242,417			10,154,239

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share amounts)

						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings		Total
Balance, November 1, 2020		9,814,118		$	98	$	22,946		$	9,020	$	32,064
Exercise of stock options		195,528			2		603			-		605
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		769			-		769
Issuance of restricted stock		56,941			1		(1	)		-		-
Forfeiture of restricted stock		(5,182	)		-		-			-		-
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(2,834	)		-		(16	)		-		(16	)
Net income		-			-		-			6,181		6,181
Balance, October 31, 2021		10,058,571			101		24,301			15,201		39,603
Exercise of stock options		60,854			1		149			-		150
Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		689			-		689
Issuance of restricted stock		77,091			-		-			-		-
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(3,229	)		-		(21	)		-		(21	)
Net income		-			-		-			1,448		1,448
Balance, October 31, 2022		10,193,287		$	102	$	25,118		$	16,649	$	41,869

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-8

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands)

	Twelve Months Ended October 31,
	2022			2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income	$	1,448		$	6,181
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt expense		15			29
Depreciation and amortization		1,690			770
Stock-based compensation expense		689			769
Amortization of debt issuance cost		6			-
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards		(21	)		(16	)
Deferred income taxes		(1,427	)		445
PPP Loan and interest forgiveness		-			(2,807	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		1,496			(7,882	)
Inventories		(6,150	)		(2,592	)
Other current assets		(2,894	)		(2,079	)
Right of use assets		3,378			(35	)
Other long-term assets		(225	)		(1	)
Accounts payable		1,065			2,030
Accrued expenses		3,063			2,479
Income taxes payable		759			(43	)
Other long-term liabilities		-			(370	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		2,892			(3,122	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures		(2,675	)		(227	)
Purchase of Microlab, net of cash acquired ($33)		(24,442	)		-
Net cash used in investing activities		(27,117	)		(227	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		150			605
Debt issuance cost		(32	)		-
Term Loan payments		(1,414	)		-
Term Loan		17,000			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		15,704			605
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(8,521	)		(2,744	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		13,053			15,797
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,532		$	13,053
Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	$	(314	)	$	949

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-9

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies

Business activities

RF Industries, Ltd., together with its five wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, hereinafter the “Company”, ”we”, “us”, or “our”), primarily engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of interconnect products and systems, including coaxial and specialty cables, fiber optic cables and connectors, and electrical and electronic specialty cables. For internal operating and reporting purposes, and for marketing purposes, as of the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we classified our operations into the following five divisions/subsidiaries: (i) The RF Connector and Cable Assembly division designs, manufactures and distributes coaxial connectors and cable assemblies that are integrated with coaxial connectors; (ii) Cables Unlimited, Inc., the subsidiary that manufactures custom and standard cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic power solution cables, adapters, and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communication, computer, LAN, automotive and medical equipment; (iii) Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufacturers cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation and military customers; (iv) C Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufactures quality connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors; (v) Schroff Technologies International, Ltd., the subsidiary that manufactures and markets intelligent thermal control systems used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada, and shrouds for small cell integration and installation, and (vi) Microlab, the subsidiary that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises divisions are Corning Cables Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program members that are authorized to manufacture fiber optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty.

Use of estimates 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue recognition

On November 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC 606”) applying the modified retrospective method. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost of accounting. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value due to damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of sales in the period in which it occurs. The determination of market value and the estimated volume of demand used in the lower of cost or market analysis requires significant judgment.

F-10

Property and equipment

Equipment, tooling and furniture are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally three to five years) using the straight-line method. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations in the period incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment analysis at least once annually, which we perform in October, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value.

We assess whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments at the reporting level. Our qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on this qualitative assessment we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will not perform a quantitative assessment.

Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

No instances of goodwill impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. We considered the impact of the COVID-19 related economic slowdown on our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators as of October 31, 2022 as well as consideration of positive factors including backlog and sell-through subsequent to October 31, 2022. Although no goodwill impairment indicators were identified, it is possible that impairments could emerge as the impact of the crisis becomes clearer, and those impairment losses could be material.

On June 15, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Cables Unlimited. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Cables Unlimited reporting unit. As of May 19, 2015, we completed the acquisition of the CompPro product line. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the RF Connector and Cable Assembly Division. Effective June 1, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Rel-Tech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Rel-Tech reporting unit. On March 15, 2019, we completed the acquisition of C Enterprises; however, no goodwill resulted from this transaction. On November 4, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Schrofftech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Schrofftech reporting unit. On March 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Microlab. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Microlab reporting unit.

Long-lived assets

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We have made no material adjustments to our long-lived assets in any of the years presented.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.

In addition, we test our trademarks and indefinite-lived asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired.

No instances of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 or 2021.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

F-11

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

	2022			2021
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(334	)		(289	)
		89			134
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			5,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,074	)		(2,711	)
		2,984			2,347
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			287
Accumulated amortization		(313	)		(287	)
		14			-
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(143	)		(110	)
		225			258
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			-
Accumulated amortization		(76	)		-
		1,624			-
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			-
Accumulated amortization		(740	)		-
		10,360			-
Totals	$	15,296		$	2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense was $1,282,000 and $442,000 for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 9.48 years.

There was no impairment to trademarks for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.

F-12

Estimated amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
October 31,	Amount
2023	$	1,701
2024		1,688
2025		1,643
2026		1,643
2027		1,643
Thereafter		6,978
Total	$	15,296

Advertising

We expense the cost of advertising and promotions as incurred. Advertising costs charged to operations were approximately $333,000 and $314,000 in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expenses relate to its engineering activities, which consist of the design and development of new products for specific customers, as well as the design and engineering of new or redesigned products for the industry in general. During the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2,913,000 and $1,479,000 in engineering expenses, respectively.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the jurisdictions in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision (benefit) for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Management’s judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.

We had adopted the provisions of ASC 740-10, which clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. ASC 740-10 requires that we recognize the impact of a tax position in the financial statements if the position is not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on the Company’s accounting for uncertain tax positions.

Stock options

For stock option grants to employees, we recognize compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the options at the date of grant. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We issue previously unissued common shares upon the exercise of stock options.

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, charges related to stock-based compensation amounted to approximately $689,000 and $769,000, respectively. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, all stock-based compensation is classified in selling and general and engineering expense.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, principally those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, were issued and the treasury stock method had been applied during the period. The greatest number of shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options in any period for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, that were not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive, totaled 508,889 and 386,364, respectively.

F-13

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	2022		2021
Numerators:
Consolidated net income (A)	$	1,448,000	$	6,181,000
Denominators:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B)		10,120,254		9,978,683
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options		122,163		175,556
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C)		10,242,417		10,154,239
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B)	$	0.14	$	0.62
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C)	$	0.14	$	0.61

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance also still gives entities the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. We adopted the standard as of November 1, 2020, the beginning of our fiscal 2021, applying this prospectively. The adoption of the standard did not result in an impairment charge as of October 31, 2022 or October 31, 2021.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new ASU also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates. These changes aim to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing the disclosures. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2021 and prescribes different transition methods for the various provisions. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Note 2 – Business acquisition

On March 1, 2022, the Company completed its purchase (the “Purchase Transaction”) of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab, a New Jersey limited liability company, from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021, with the Seller. The consideration for the Purchase Transaction was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the Term Loan (as defined in Note 11) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we paid an additional $225,000 in purchase consideration as a result of certain post-closing adjustments relating to net working capital.

F-14

The acquisition was accounted for with the acquisition method of accounting. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been recorded at their estimated fair values. We determined the estimated fair values with the assistance of appraisals or valuations performed by an independent third-party specialist. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Microlab acquisition further diversifies and strengthens the portfolio of products that we offer to the market and allows us to provide a more complete solution to our customers in key market segments. All manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The acquisition closed on March 1, 2022, accordingly, subsequent to March 1, 2022, Microlab’s financial results have been included in the results of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment as well as in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects the goodwill recorded to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquired amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to 15 years. Total costs, as of October 31, 2022, related to the acquisition of Microlab were approximately $1.3 million and have been expensed as incurred and categorized in selling and general expenses.

The following table summarizes the components of the purchase price at fair values at March 1, 2022:

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price at fair value at March 1, 2022:

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Non-interest bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

The current purchase price allocation is preliminary. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocations that are not yet finalized relate to the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and residual goodwill. The Company expects to continue to obtain information to assist in determining the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition dates during the measurement periods. Any adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation identified during the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date, will be accounted for prospectively.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined operating results of the Company and Microlab as if both acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Pro forma data is subject to various assumptions and estimates and is presented for informational purposes only. This pro forma data does not purport to represent or be indicative of the consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transaction been completed as described herein, and the data should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results.

Unaudited pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of Microlab as of November 1, 2021 is presented in the following table:

	Twelve Months Ended October 31,
	2022		2021
Revenue	$	91,358	$	73,727
Net income		1,959		7,537
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.19	$	0.74
Basic		10,120,254		9,978,683
Diluted		10,242,417		10,154,239

F-15

Note 3 – Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At October 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $3.1 million.

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

	October 31,
	2022			2021
Wireless provider		20	%		21	%
Distributor A		*			11	%

* Less than 10%

For the year ended October 31, 2022, a wireless carrier customer accounted for approximately 20% of total sales. The same customer had accounts receivable balances that accounted for 14% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2022. Another distributor customer accounted for less than 10% of total sales and for 19% of the total net accounts receivable. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the same wireless carrier accounted for approximately 21% of total sales, and a distributor accounted for 11% of total sales. These two customers’ accounts receivable balances each accounted for approximately 28% and 8% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2021. Although the distributors have been on-going major customers of the Company and the wireless carrier is a newer customer to the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and they could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

Note 4 – Inventories and major vendors

Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method.  Inventories consist of the following (in thousands): 

	2022		2021
Raw materials and supplies	$	15,238	$	6,422
Work in process		439		381
Finished goods		5,377		4,376
Totals	$	21,054	$	11,179

One vendor accounted for 27% of inventory purchases during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, and one vendor accounted for 26% of inventory purchases for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021. We have arrangements with our vendors to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.

Note 5 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands): 

	2022		2021
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	1,636	$	1,774
Prepaid taxes		-		314
Prepaid expense		972		439
Reimbursement for tenant improvments		2,810		-
Other		431		366
Totals	$	5,849	$	2,893

Pursuant to the CARES Act, eligible employers are able to claim an ERC, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. If the employer’s employment tax deposits are not sufficient to cover the credit, the employer may get an advance payment from the IRS. The period assessed for eligibility of the ERC is on a calendar year basis. As of October 31, 2022, the remaining portion of the ERC that we have not yet received is included as other receivables in other current assets.

F-16

Note 6 – Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	2022		2021
Wages payable	$	3,634	$	2,607
Accrued receipts		2,136		1,711
Other accrued expenses		1,847		716
Tenant improvements payable		1,197		-
Totals	$	8,814	$	5,034

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

Note 7 – Segment information

We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of October 31, 2022, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.

The RF Connector segment consists of two divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of four divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales or product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end customer.

Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.

As reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.

All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	2022		2021
United States	$	74,919	$	54,960
Foreign Countries:
Canada		6,765		1,856
Italy		1,670		-
Mexico		106		130
All Other		1,794		478
		10,335		2,464
Totals	$	85,254	$	57,424

F-17

Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands): 

	RF Connector		Custom Cabling
	and		Manufacturing and
2022	Cable Assembly		Assembly		Corporate			Total
Net sales	$	31,157	$	54,097	$	-		$	85,254
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,421		2,303		(3,137	)		1,587
Depreciation and amortization		1,109		581		-			1,690
Total assets		49,468		27,606		12,492			89,566
2021
Net sales	$	15,622	$	41,802	$	-		$	57,424
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,494		1,921		2,802			7,217
Depreciation and amortization		141		629		-			770
Total assets		7,367		25,875		16,406			49,648

*  For the 12 months ended October 31, 2021, other income consists of the $2.8M PPP Loans that were forgiven.

Note 8 – Income tax provision

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following (in thousands):

	2022			2021
Current:
Federal	$	1,252		$	401
State		225			189
		1,477			590
Deferred:
Federal		(1,054	)		323
State		(284	)		123
		(1,338	)		446
	$	139		$	1,036

Income tax at the federal statutory rate is reconciled to our actual net provision (benefit) for income taxes as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	2022						2021
				% of Pretax						% of Pretax
	Amount			Income			Amount			Income
Income taxes at federal statutory rate	$	333			21.0	%	$	1,516			21.0	%
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit		60			3.8	%		246			3.4	%
Nondeductible differences:
Stock options		19			1.2	%		(86	)		-1.2	%
PPP loan forgiveness		-			0.0	%		(588	)		-8.1	%
Permanent differences		5			0.3	%		5			0.1	%
R&D credits		(219	)		-13.6	%		(51	)		-0.7	%
Foreign derived intangible income		(68	)		-4.3	%		(15	)		-0.2	%
ASC 740-10 Liability		(7	)		-0.4	%		29			0.4	%
Section 481(a) adjustment		142			8.9	%		-			0.0	%
Return-to-provision adjustments		(126	)		-7.9	%		-			0.0	%
Other		-			-0.0	%		(20	)		-0.3	%
	$	139			9.2	%	$	1,036			14.4	%

F-18

Our total deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	2022			2021
Deferred Tax Assets:
Reserves	$	404		$	383
Accrued vacation		294			241
Stock-based compensation awards		168			144
Uniform capitalization		173			134
Lease liability		4,169			366
State Taxes		72			52
Other		36			25
Total deferred tax assets		5,316			1,345
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Amortization / intangible assets		(29	)		(487	)
Change in ROU assets		(3,335	)		(357	)
Depreciation / equipment and furnishings		(136	)		(112	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(3,500	)		(956	)
Total net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	1,816		$	389

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. We have evaluated the available evidence supporting the realization of its gross deferred tax assets, including the amount and timing of future taxable income, and has determined it is more likely than not that the assets will be realized in future tax years.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes was $0.1 million or 9.2% and $1.0 million or 14.4% of income before income taxes for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fiscal 2022 effective tax rate differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily as a result of the tax benefit from research and development tax credits and foreign derived intangible income deduction and the tax expense associated with tax accounting method changes.

The Company recognizes the benefit of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns in the consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by authorities. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.         

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance to total uncertain tax positions in fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2022			2021
Balance, at beginning of year	$	141		$	107
Increase for tax positions related to the current year		50			44
Increase for tax positions related to prior years		(29	)		(1	)
Increase for interest and penalties		-			2
Statute of Limitations Expirations		(28	)		(11	)
Balance, at end of year	$	134		$	141

We had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $121,000 and $128,000 attributable to U.S. federal and California research tax credits as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During fiscal 2022, the decrease in our gross unrecognized tax benefit was primarily related to statute expirations and adjustments for prior year federal and California research tax credits. The uncertain tax benefit is recorded as income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheet and if recognized in the future would impact our effective tax rate. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. We recognized expense of approximately $13,000 and $13,000 during the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We believe that an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, it is possible that certain changes may occur within the next twelve months, but we do not anticipate that our accrual for uncertain tax positions will change by a material amount over the next 12-month period.

F-19

We are subject to taxation in the United States and state jurisdictions. Our tax years for October 31, 2019 and forward are subject to examination by the United States and October 31, 2018 and forward with state tax authorities.

Note 9 – Stock options

Incentive and non-qualified stock option plans

On July 22, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). In September 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Plan by vote as required by NASDAQ. An aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of common stock was set aside and reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. As of October 31, 2022, 916,369 shares of common stock were remaining for future grants of stock options under the 2020 Plan.

Additional disclosures related to stock option plans  

On January 12, 2021, we granted a total of 33,500 shares of restricted stock and 67,000 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 12, 2022; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.

On July 16, 2021, our Chief Executive Officer was granted incentive stock options to purchase 50,000 shares. These options immediately vested on the date of grant, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

On January 10, 2022, we granted a total of 39,666 shares of restricted stock and 106,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.

On May 2, 2022, we granted a total of 39,000 incentive stock options to the following:

● One employee was granted 12,000 incentive stock options. These options vested with respect to 3,000 shares on the date of grant, and the remaining shares vests in equal installments thereafter on each of the next three anniversaries of May 2, 2022. The options expire ten years from the date of grant.

● Three employees were each granted 5,000 incentive stock options. These options will vest in two equal installments on the first two anniversaries of May 2, 2022, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

● Two employees were each granted 6,000 incentive stock options. These options will vest in three equal installments on the first three anniversaries of May 2, 2022, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

No other shares or options were granted to Company employees during fiscal 2022.

The fair value of each option granted in 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	2022			2021
Weighted average volatility		53.36	%		52.34	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		7.0			7.0
Risk-free interest rate		1.47	%		0.58	%
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year	$	3.77		$	3.38
Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year	$	2.32		$	3.41

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2022 and 2021 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.

F-20

Additional information regarding all of our outstanding stock options at October 31, 2022 and 2021 and changes in outstanding stock options in 2022 and 2021 follows:

	2022					2021
	Shares or			Weighted		Shares or			Weighted
	Price Per			Average		Price Per			Average
	Share			Exercise Price		Share			Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		618,858		$	5.33		789,179		$	4.66
Options granted		145,001		$	6.94		117,000		$	6.57
Options exercised		(60,854	)	$	2.45		(195,528	)	$	3.10
Options canceled or expired		(12,000	)	$	7.58		(91,793	)	$	5.88
Options outstanding at end of year		691,005		$	5.87		618,858		$	5.33
Options exercisable at end of year		366,714		$	6.13		313,381		$	5.95
Options vested and expected to vest at end of year		685,154		$	5.88		618,522		$	5.35
Option price range at end of year	$1.90 - $8.69					$1.90 - $8.69
							$
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year	$	245,420				$	642,181

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of October 31, 2022: 6.61 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of October 31, 2022: 5.91 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of October 31, 2022: 6.62 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at October 31, 2022: $518,000

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at October 31, 2022: $265,000

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at October 31, 2022: $513,000

As of October 31, 2022, $685,000 and $594,000 of expense with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.19 and 0.95 years, respectively.

Under the compensation policies adopted by the Compensation Committee, directors who also are officers and/or employees of the Company do not receive any compensation for serving on the Board. On September 8, 2021, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders was the same as they received in 2021 (i.e., $50,000). In addition, effective September 8, 2021, the Board determined that both Board fees and additional chair fees would be paid half in cash and half in restricted stock, and, in light of the additional work required by the chairs, revised the chair fees as follows, $25,000 for the Chairman of the Board, $25,000 for the Audit Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Compensation Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Chair, and $10,000 for the Nominating & Governance Chair. The cash and restricted stock fees vest in four equal quarterly installments commencing on December 8, 2021, with the restricted stock portion determined by dividing the amount of the fee by the 20-day average trailing closing price of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant ($8.21).

Note 10 – Retirement plan

We have a 401(k) plan available to our employees. For the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we contributed and recognized as an expense $488,000 and $413,000, respectively, which amounts represented 3% of eligible employee earnings under the Company’s Safe Harbor Non-elective Employer Contribution Plan.

Note 11 – Term Loan, Line of credit and PPP loans

In February 2022, we entered into an agreement for a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $3.0 million and a $17.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facility”). Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate (“base interest rate”). The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Company drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and contains certain loan covenants. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ending January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.

F-21

As of October 31, 2022, we have borrowed $15,586,000 under the Term Loan while we have not borrowed any amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In May 2020, we applied for and received loans under the PPP of the CARES Act totaling approximately $2.8 million. The funds from the PPP Loans were used to retain employees, maintain payroll and benefits, and make lease and utility payments. Without the PPP Loans, we would have made material reductions in our workforce (particularly at our New York Facility). As of April 30, 2021, the full amount of the PPP Loans has been forgiven and considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

Note 12 – Related party transactions

A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited. Cables Unlimited’s monthly rent expense under the lease is $16,000 per month, plus payments of all utilities, janitorial expenses, routine maintenance costs, and costs of insurance for Cables Unlimited’s business operations and equipment. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we paid a total of $180,000 under the leases.

During fiscal 2022, we paid royalties to Elmec Ltd. (“Elmec”), a European-based company that owns the intellectual property that is used in Schrofftech’s products. One third of Elmec is jointly owned by David Therrien and Richard DeFelice, two of the former owners and current President and Vice President, respectively, of Schrofftech. For the year ended October 31, 2022, we paid a total of $19,000 of royalty payments to Elmec, and have accrued an additional $4,000 as of October 31, 2022. The expenses related to these transactions are included in cost of goods sold.

Note 13 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during fiscal year 2022. Nor did we pay any dividends during fiscal year 2021.

Note 14 – Commitments

We adopted ASU 2016-02 on November 1, 2019, and elected the practical expedient modified retrospective method whereby the lease qualification and classification was carried over from the accounting for leases under ASC 840. The lease contracts for the corporate headquarters, RF Connector division manufacturing facilities, Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, and C Enterprises commenced prior to the effective date of November 1, 2019, and were determined to be operating leases. All other new contracts have been assessed for the existence of a lease and for the proper classification into operating leases. The rate implicit in the leases was undeterminable and, therefore, the discount rate used in all lease contracts is our incremental borrowing rate.

We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to five years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $16,000 per month.

We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the period ended October 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	October 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,833
Short-term lease cost		1

F-22

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.75	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of October 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended October 31,	Operating Leases
2023	$	2,467
2024		1,991
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
Thereafter		12,306
Total future minimum lease payments		20,395
Less imputed interest		(3,483	)
Total	$	16,912

Reported as of October 31, 2022	Operating Leases
Other current liabilities	$	1,887
Operating lease liabilities		15,025
Finance lease liabilities		-
Total	$	16,912

As of October 31, 2022, operating lease ROU asset was $13.5 million and operating lease liability totaled $16.9 million, of which $1.9 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of October 31, 2022.

Note 15 – Subsequent event

In January 2023, we received a refund of $1.2 million related to the ERC, of which $1.6 million was in Other Current Assets as of October 31, 2022.

F-23

SIGNATURES

In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ ROBERT D. DAWSON
	Robert D. Dawson President and Chief Executive Officer

In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ ROBERT D. DAWSON
	Robert D. Dawson, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ PETER YIN
	Peter Yin, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ MARK K. HOLDSWORTH
	Mark K. Holdsworth, Chairman of the Board of Directors

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ SHERYL CEFALI
	Sheryl Cefali, Director

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ JASON COHENOUR
	Jason Cohenour, Director

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ GERALD T. GARLAND
	Gerald T. Garland, Director

Date: January 24, 2023	By:	/s/ KAY L. TIDWELL
	Kay L. Tidwell, Director

39

EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

Description of Registrant's Securities

General

RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Corporation,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is authorized to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value. The following description of our common stock is a summary and does not purport to be complete. It is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to (1) our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“Articles”) filed as an Exhibit to our Form 10-K, and (2) our Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”) filed as an Exhibit to our Form 10-K. We encourage you to read the Articles and the Bylaws, as well as the applicable provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”), for additional information.

Common Stock

The Corporation has one class of common stock. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders and have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

No stockholders of the Corporation shall have preemptive rights to any stock of the Corporation now or hereafter authorized.

Shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. The election of directors of the Corporation is decided by plurality vote and all other questions are decided by majority vote of shareholders present in person or by proxy, except as otherwise required by the NRS.

The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Board of Directors

Our Bylaws provide for the classification of our Board of Directors into three classes of directors, with each class as nearly equal in number as possible, with staggered terms of office. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose terms expire at that meeting will be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Charter Documents

Our Articles and Bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include the following: (a) a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the board of directors, and (b) no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates, (c) advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. These provisions could inhibit or prevent possible transactions that some stockholders may consider attractive.

Nevada Anti-Takeover Law and Charter and Bylaws Provisions

NRS sections 78.378 to 78.3793 provide state regulation over the acquisition of controlling interest in certain Nevada corporations unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation provide that the provisions of these sections do not apply. This statute currently does not apply to our Corporation because in order to be applicable, we would need to have a specified number of Nevada residents as shareholders, and we would have to do business in Nevada directly or through an affiliate.

EX-10.32

Exhibit 10.32

FIRST AMENDMENT TO LEASE

This FIRST AMENDMENT TO LEASE (this “Amendment”) is made as of October 31, 2022, by and between SORRENTO WEST PROPERTIES, INC., a Delaware corporation (“Lessor”), and RF INDUSTRIES, LTD., a Nevada corporation (“Lessee”).

RECITALS

A.    Lessor and Lessee are parties to that certain AIRCRE Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Lessee Lease – Net dated as of December 28, 2021 (the “Base Lease”), that certain AIRCRE Rent Adjustment(s) Standard Lease Addendum dated December 28, 2021 (the “First Addendum”), that certain AIRCRE Option(s) to Extend Standard Lease Addendum dated December 28, 2021 (the “Second Addendum”), and that certain AIRCRE Addendum to Lease dated December 28, 2021 (the “Third Addendum,” and collectively with the Base Lease, the First Addendum and the Second Addendum, the “Lease”), with respect to the premises located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, San Diego, California (the “Premises”), as more particularly described in the Lease. All initially capitalized terms used in this Amendment but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Lease.

B.    Lessor and Lessee wish to hereby modify certain terms and provisions under the Lease and are hereby executing this Amendment to effectuate the modification of the Lease.

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing Recitals, the mutual covenants hereafter set forth, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.        Amendment to Lease. All terms defined in the Recitals of this Amendment are hereby incorporated into the Lease by this reference.

a.    Tenant Improvement Allowance. Paragraph 54 of the Lease is hereby amended to increase the TIA to a maximum amount of Thirty-Four and 81/100 Dollars ($34.81) per rentable square foot of Premises, and all references in the Lease to the TIA shall mean and refer to such increased amount, and Paragraph 2(a)(ii) of the Work Letter is hereby amended to increase $33.00 per rentable square foot to $34.81 per rentable square foot; provided, however, a portion of the TIA in the maximum amount of $1.81 per rentable square foot shall be used solely for upgrades to the existing sprinkler systems in the Building (“Sprinkler System Upgrade Work”), and Tenant shall provide all documentation required with respect to the Sprinkler System Upgrade Work pursuant to Section 2(B) of the Work Letter prior to and as a condition to Landlord’s disbursement of such portion of the TIA.

2.        Effect of Amendment. Except as expressly amended under this Amendment, all provisions of the Lease shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of any conflict between this Amendment and the Lease, this Amendment shall control to the extent of such conflict.

- 1 -

3.        Entire Agreement. This Amendment constitutes the entire agreement between the parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof, and the final, complete and exclusive expression of the terms and conditions thereof, and all prior agreements, representations, negotiations and understandings of the parties hereto, oral or written, express or implied, are hereby superseded and merged herein. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which shall constitute one and the same binding agreement.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

- 2 -

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this First Amendment to Lease as of the date first written above.

LESSOR:	LESSEE:
SORRENTO WEST PROPERTIES, INC., a Delaware corporation By:         /s/ Joseph E. Maskalenko         Name:         Joseph E. Maskalenko Title:            Senior V.P., Secretary & Treasurer	RF INDUSTRIES, LTD., a Nevada corporation By:         /s/ Raymond Bibisi  Name:    Raymond Bibisi Title:      Chief Operating Officer

- 3 -

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiaries

RF Industries, Ltd. owns 100% of the capital stock of each of the following subsidiaries:

● Cables Unlimited, Inc., a New York corporation

● Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., a Connecticut corporation

● C Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation

● Schroff Technologies International, Inc., a Rhode Island corporation

● Microlab/FXR LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-260851) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-248791, 333-207569, 333-114932, 333-62188, 333-169490, 333-205748 and 333-220561) of RF Industries, Ltd., of our report dated January 24, 2023 on our audits of the consolidated financial statements of RF Industries, Ltd. and Subsidiaries as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 and for the years then ended, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of RF Industries, Ltd. for the year ended October 31, 2022.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

Tysons, Virginia

January 24, 2023

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert D. Dawson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 of RF Industries, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period for which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and to the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 24, 2023	/s/ Robert D. Dawson
	Robert D. Dawson President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Yin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 of RF Industries, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period for which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and to the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 24, 2023	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Robert D. Dawson, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: January 24, 2023	/s/ Robert D. Dawson
	Robert D. Dawson
	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Peter Yin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: January 24, 2023	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document And Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Jan. 02, 2023	Apr. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Oct. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-13301
Entity Registrant Name	R F INDUSTRIES LTD
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0168936
Entity Address, Address Line One	7610 Miramar Road, Bldg. 6000
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92126-4202
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	549-6340
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Trading Symbol	RFIL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 59.9
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		10,193,287
Auditor Name	CohnReznick LLP
Auditor Location	Tysons, Virginia
Auditor Firm ID	596
Entity Central Index Key	0000740664
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,532	$ 13,053
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $207 and $87, respectively	14,812	13,523
Inventories	21,054	11,179
Other current assets	5,849	2,893
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	46,247	40,648
Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling	4,497	3,986
Furniture and office equipment	3,447	1,086
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Ending Balance	7,944	5,072
Less accumulated depreciation	4,771	4,364
Total property and equipment, net	3,173	708
Operating lease right of use assets, net	13,480	1,453
Goodwill	8,085	2,467
Amortizable intangible assets, net	15,296	2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets	1,174	1,174
Deferred tax assets	1,816	389
Other assets	295	70
TOTAL ASSETS	89,566	49,648
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	5,652	3,504
Accrued expenses	8,814	5,034
Current portion of Term Loan	2,424	0
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,887	832
Income taxes payable	759	0
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	19,536	9,370
Operating lease liabilities	15,025	675
Term Loan, net of debt issuance cost	13,136	0
TOTAL LIABILITIES	47,697	10,045
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,198,700 and 10,058,571 shares issued and outstanding at October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively	102	101
Additional paid-in capital	25,118	24,301
Retained earnings	16,649	15,201
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	41,869	39,603
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 89,566	$ 49,648

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	$ 126	$ 87
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	10,193,287	10,058,571
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	10,193,287	10,058,571

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Net sales	$ 85,254,000	$ 57,424,000
Cost of sales	60,705,000	39,656,000
Gross profit	24,549,000	17,768,000
Operating expenses
Engineering	2,913,000	1,479,000
Selling and general	19,448,000	11,874,000
Total operating expenses	22,361,000	13,353,000
Operating income	2,188,000	4,415,000
Other (expense) income	(601,000)	2,802,000
Income before provision for income taxes	1,587,000	7,217,000
Provision for income taxes	139,000	1,036,000
Consolidated net income	$ 1,448,000	$ 6,181,000
Earnings per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.62
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.61
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic (in shares)	10,120,254	9,978,683
Diluted (in shares)	10,242,417	10,154,239

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2020	9,814,118
Balance at Oct. 31, 2020	$ 98,000	$ 22,946,000	$ 9,020,000	$ 32,064,000
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	195,528			195,528
Exercise of stock options	$ 2,000	603,000		$ 605,000
Stock-based compensation expense		769,000		769,000
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)	56,941
Issuance of restricted stock	$ 1,000
Issuance of restricted stock		(1,000)
Forfeiture of restricted stock (in shares)	(5,182)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(2,834)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(16,000)		(16,000)
Net income (loss)			6,181,000	6,181,000
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2021	10,058,571
Balance at Oct. 31, 2021	$ 101,000	24,301,000	15,201,000	$ 39,603,000
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	60,854			60,854
Exercise of stock options	$ 1,000	149,000		$ 150,000
Stock-based compensation expense		689,000		689,000
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)	77,091
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(3,229)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(21,000)		(21,000)
Net income (loss)			1,448,000	1,448,000
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2022	10,193,287
Balance at Oct. 31, 2022	$ 102,000	$ 25,118,000	$ 16,649,000	$ 41,869,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net income	$ 1,448,000	$ 6,181,000
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt expense	15,000	29,000
Depreciation and amortization	1,690,000	770,000
Stock-based compensation expense	689,000	769,000
Amortization of debt issuance cost	6,000	0
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards	(21,000)	(16,000)
Deferred income taxes	(1,427,000)	445,000
PPP Loan and interest forgiveness	0	(2,807,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	1,496,000	(7,882,000)
Inventories	(6,150,000)	(2,592,000)
Other current assets	(2,894,000)	(2,079,000)
Right of use assets	3,378,000	(35,000)
Other long-term assets	(225,000)	(1,000)
Accounts payable	1,065,000	2,030,000
Accrued expenses	3,063,000	2,479,000
Income taxes payable	759,000	(43,000)
Other long-term liabilities	0	(370,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	2,892,000	(3,122,000)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(2,675,000)	(227,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(27,117,000)	(227,000)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	150,000	605,000
Debt issuance cost	(32,000)	0
Term Loan payments	(1,414,000)	0
Term Loan	17,000,000	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	15,704,000	605,000
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,521,000)	(2,744,000)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	13,053,000	15,797,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	4,532,000	13,053,000
Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	(314,000)	949,000
Schrofftech [Member]
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of Microlab, net of cash acquired ($33)	$ (24,442,000)	$ 0

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parentheticals) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schrofftech [Member]
Purchase of company, cash acquired	$ 33

XML

Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 1 – Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies

Business activities

RF Industries, Ltd., together with its five wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, hereinafter the “Company”, ”we”, “us”, or “our”), primarily engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of interconnect products and systems, including coaxial and specialty cables, fiber optic cables and connectors, and electrical and electronic specialty cables. For internal operating and reporting purposes, and for marketing purposes, as of the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we classified our operations into the following five divisions/subsidiaries: (i) The RF Connector and Cable Assembly division designs, manufactures and distributes coaxial connectors and cable assemblies that are integrated with coaxial connectors; (ii) Cables Unlimited, Inc., the subsidiary that manufactures custom and standard cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic power solution cables, adapters, and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communication, computer, LAN, automotive and medical equipment; (iii) Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufacturers cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation and military customers; (iv) C Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufactures quality connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors; (v) Schroff Technologies International, Ltd., the subsidiary that manufactures and markets intelligent thermal control systems used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada, and shrouds for small cell integration and installation, and (vi) Microlab, the subsidiary that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises divisions are Corning Cables Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program members that are authorized to manufacture fiber optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty.

Use of estimates 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue recognition

On November 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC 606”) applying the modified retrospective method. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost of accounting. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value due to damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of sales in the period in which it occurs. The determination of market value and the estimated volume of demand used in the lower of cost or market analysis requires significant judgment.

Property and equipment

Equipment, tooling and furniture are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally three to five years) using the straight-line method. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations in the period incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment analysis at least once annually, which we perform in October, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value.

We assess whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments at the reporting level. Our qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on this qualitative assessment we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will not perform a quantitative assessment.

Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

No instances of goodwill impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. We considered the impact of the COVID-19 related economic slowdown on our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators as of October 31, 2022 as well as consideration of positive factors including backlog and sell-through subsequent to October 31, 2022. Although no goodwill impairment indicators were identified, it is possible that impairments could emerge as the impact of the crisis becomes clearer, and those impairment losses could be material.

On June 15, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Cables Unlimited. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Cables Unlimited reporting unit. As of May 19, 2015, we completed the acquisition of the CompPro product line. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the RF Connector and Cable Assembly Division. Effective June 1, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Rel-Tech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Rel-Tech reporting unit. On March 15, 2019, we completed the acquisition of C Enterprises; however, no goodwill resulted from this transaction. On November 4, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Schrofftech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Schrofftech reporting unit. On March 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Microlab. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Microlab reporting unit.

Long-lived assets

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We have made no material adjustments to our long-lived assets in any of the years presented.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.

In addition, we test our trademarks and indefinite-lived asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired.

No instances of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 or 2021.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

	2022			2021
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(334	)		(289	)
		89			134
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			5,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,074	)		(2,711	)
		2,984			2,347
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			287
Accumulated amortization		(313	)		(287	)
		14			-
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(143	)		(110	)
		225			258
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			-
Accumulated amortization		(76	)		-
		1,624			-
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			-
Accumulated amortization		(740	)		-
		10,360			-
Totals	$	15,296		$	2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense was $1,282,000 and $442,000 for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 9.48 years.

There was no impairment to trademarks for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.

Estimated amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
October 31,	Amount
2023	$	1,701
2024		1,688
2025		1,643
2026		1,643
2027		1,643
Thereafter		6,978
Total	$	15,296

Advertising

We expense the cost of advertising and promotions as incurred. Advertising costs charged to operations were approximately $333,000 and $314,000 in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expenses relate to its engineering activities, which consist of the design and development of new products for specific customers, as well as the design and engineering of new or redesigned products for the industry in general. During the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2,913,000 and $1,479,000 in engineering expenses, respectively.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the jurisdictions in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision (benefit) for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Management’s judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.

We had adopted the provisions of ASC 740-10, which clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. ASC 740-10 requires that we recognize the impact of a tax position in the financial statements if the position is not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on the Company’s accounting for uncertain tax positions.

Stock options

For stock option grants to employees, we recognize compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the options at the date of grant. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We issue previously unissued common shares upon the exercise of stock options.

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, charges related to stock-based compensation amounted to approximately $689,000 and $769,000, respectively. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, all stock-based compensation is classified in selling and general and engineering expense.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, principally those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, were issued and the treasury stock method had been applied during the period. The greatest number of shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options in any period for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, that were not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive, totaled 508,889 and 386,364, respectively.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	2022		2021
Numerators:
Consolidated net income (A)	$	1,448,000	$	6,181,000
Denominators:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B)		10,120,254		9,978,683
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options		122,163		175,556
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C)		10,242,417		10,154,239
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B)	$	0.14	$	0.62
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C)	$	0.14	$	0.61

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance also still gives entities the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. We adopted the standard as of November 1, 2020, the beginning of our fiscal 2021, applying this prospectively. The adoption of the standard did not result in an impairment charge as of October 31, 2022 or October 31, 2021.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new ASU also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates. These changes aim to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing the disclosures. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2021 and prescribes different transition methods for the various provisions. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 2 – Business acquisition

On March 1, 2022, the Company completed its purchase (the “Purchase Transaction”) of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab, a New Jersey limited liability company, from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021, with the Seller. The consideration for the Purchase Transaction was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the Term Loan (as defined in Note 11) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, we paid an additional $225,000 in purchase consideration as a result of certain post-closing adjustments relating to net working capital.

The acquisition was accounted for with the acquisition method of accounting. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities have been recorded at their estimated fair values. We determined the estimated fair values with the assistance of appraisals or valuations performed by an independent third-party specialist. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Microlab acquisition further diversifies and strengthens the portfolio of products that we offer to the market and allows us to provide a more complete solution to our customers in key market segments. All manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The acquisition closed on March 1, 2022, accordingly, subsequent to March 1, 2022, Microlab’s financial results have been included in the results of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment as well as in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company expects the goodwill recorded to be deductible for income tax purposes. Acquired amortizable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to 15 years. Total costs, as of October 31, 2022, related to the acquisition of Microlab were approximately $1.3 million and have been expensed as incurred and categorized in selling and general expenses.

The following table summarizes the components of the purchase price at fair values at March 1, 2022:

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase price at fair value at March 1, 2022:

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Non-interest bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

The current purchase price allocation is preliminary. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocations that are not yet finalized relate to the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and residual goodwill. The Company expects to continue to obtain information to assist in determining the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition dates during the measurement periods. Any adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation identified during the measurement period, which will not exceed one year from the acquisition date, will be accounted for prospectively.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined operating results of the Company and Microlab as if both acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. Pro forma data is subject to various assumptions and estimates and is presented for informational purposes only. This pro forma data does not purport to represent or be indicative of the consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transaction been completed as described herein, and the data should not be taken as indicative of future consolidated operating results.

Unaudited pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition of Microlab as of November 1, 2021 is presented in the following table:

	Twelve Months Ended October 31,
	2022		2021
Revenue	$	91,358	$	73,727
Net income		1,959		7,537
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.19	$	0.74
Basic		10,120,254		9,978,683
Diluted		10,242,417		10,154,239

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 3 – Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At October 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $3.1 million.

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

	October 31,
	2022			2021
Wireless provider		20	%		21	%
Distributor A		*			11	%

* Less than 10%

For the year ended October 31, 2022, a wireless carrier customer accounted for approximately 20% of total sales. The same customer had accounts receivable balances that accounted for 14% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2022. Another distributor customer accounted for less than 10% of total sales and for 19% of the total net accounts receivable. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the same wireless carrier accounted for approximately 21% of total sales, and a distributor accounted for 11% of total sales. These two customers’ accounts receivable balances each accounted for approximately 28% and 8% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2021. Although the distributors have been on-going major customers of the Company and the wireless carrier is a newer customer to the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and they could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 4 – Inventories and major vendors

Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method.  Inventories consist of the following (in thousands): 

	2022		2021
Raw materials and supplies	$	15,238	$	6,422
Work in process		439		381
Finished goods		5,377		4,376
Totals	$	21,054	$	11,179

One vendor accounted for 27% of inventory purchases during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, and one vendor accounted for 26% of inventory purchases for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021. We have arrangements with our vendors to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Current Assets [Text Block]

Note 5 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands): 

	2022		2021
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	1,636	$	1,774
Prepaid taxes		-		314
Prepaid expense		972		439
Reimbursement for tenant improvments		2,810		-
Other		431		366
Totals	$	5,849	$	2,893

Pursuant to the CARES Act, eligible employers are able to claim an ERC, which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. If the employer’s employment tax deposits are not sufficient to cover the credit, the employer may get an advance payment from the IRS. The period assessed for eligibility of the ERC is on a calendar year basis. As of October 31, 2022, the remaining portion of the ERC that we have not yet received is included as other receivables in other current assets.

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Noncurrent [Text Block]

Note 6 – Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	2022		2021
Wages payable	$	3,634	$	2,607
Accrued receipts		2,136		1,711
Other accrued expenses		1,847		716
Tenant improvements payable		1,197		-
Totals	$	8,814	$	5,034

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

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Note 7 - Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 7 – Segment information

We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of October 31, 2022, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.

The RF Connector segment consists of two divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of four divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales or product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end customer.

Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.

As reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.

All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

	2022		2021
United States	$	74,919	$	54,960
Foreign Countries:
Canada		6,765		1,856
Italy		1,670		-
Mexico		106		130
All Other		1,794		478
		10,335		2,464
Totals	$	85,254	$	57,424

Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands): 

	RF Connector		Custom Cabling
	and		Manufacturing and
2022	Cable Assembly		Assembly		Corporate			Total
Net sales	$	31,157	$	54,097	$	-		$	85,254
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,421		2,303		(3,137	)		1,587
Depreciation and amortization		1,109		581		-			1,690
Total assets		49,468		27,606		12,492			89,566
2021
Net sales	$	15,622	$	41,802	$	-		$	57,424
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,494		1,921		2,802			7,217
Depreciation and amortization		141		629		-			770
Total assets		7,367		25,875		16,406			49,648

*  For the 12 months ended October 31, 2021, other income consists of the $2.8M PPP Loans that were forgiven.

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 8 – Income tax provision

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following (in thousands):

	2022			2021
Current:
Federal	$	1,252		$	401
State		225			189
		1,477			590
Deferred:
Federal		(1,054	)		323
State		(284	)		123
		(1,338	)		446
	$	139		$	1,036

Income tax at the federal statutory rate is reconciled to our actual net provision (benefit) for income taxes as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	2022						2021
				% of Pretax						% of Pretax
	Amount			Income			Amount			Income
Income taxes at federal statutory rate	$	333			21.0	%	$	1,516			21.0	%
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit		60			3.8	%		246			3.4	%
Nondeductible differences:
Stock options		19			1.2	%		(86	)		-1.2	%
PPP loan forgiveness		-			0.0	%		(588	)		-8.1	%
Permanent differences		5			0.3	%		5			0.1	%
R&D credits		(219	)		-13.6	%		(51	)		-0.7	%
Foreign derived intangible income		(68	)		-4.3	%		(15	)		-0.2	%
ASC 740-10 Liability		(7	)		-0.4	%		29			0.4	%
Section 481(a) adjustment		142			8.9	%		-			0.0	%
Return-to-provision adjustments		(126	)		-7.9	%		-			0.0	%
Other		-			-0.0	%		(20	)		-0.3	%
	$	139			9.2	%	$	1,036			14.4	%

Our total deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	2022			2021
Deferred Tax Assets:
Reserves	$	404		$	383
Accrued vacation		294			241
Stock-based compensation awards		168			144
Uniform capitalization		173			134
Lease liability		4,169			366
State Taxes		72			52
Other		36			25
Total deferred tax assets		5,316			1,345
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Amortization / intangible assets		(29	)		(487	)
Change in ROU assets		(3,335	)		(357	)
Depreciation / equipment and furnishings		(136	)		(112	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(3,500	)		(956	)
Total net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	1,816		$	389

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. We have evaluated the available evidence supporting the realization of its gross deferred tax assets, including the amount and timing of future taxable income, and has determined it is more likely than not that the assets will be realized in future tax years.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes was $0.1 million or 9.2% and $1.0 million or 14.4% of income before income taxes for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fiscal 2022 effective tax rate differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% primarily as a result of the tax benefit from research and development tax credits and foreign derived intangible income deduction and the tax expense associated with tax accounting method changes.

The Company recognizes the benefit of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns in the consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by authorities. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.         

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance to total uncertain tax positions in fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2022			2021
Balance, at beginning of year	$	141		$	107
Increase for tax positions related to the current year		50			44
Increase for tax positions related to prior years		(29	)		(1	)
Increase for interest and penalties		-			2
Statute of Limitations Expirations		(28	)		(11	)
Balance, at end of year	$	134		$	141

We had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $121,000 and $128,000 attributable to U.S. federal and California research tax credits as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During fiscal 2022, the decrease in our gross unrecognized tax benefit was primarily related to statute expirations and adjustments for prior year federal and California research tax credits. The uncertain tax benefit is recorded as income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheet and if recognized in the future would impact our effective tax rate. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. We recognized expense of approximately $13,000 and $13,000 during the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We believe that an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, it is possible that certain changes may occur within the next twelve months, but we do not anticipate that our accrual for uncertain tax positions will change by a material amount over the next 12-month period.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and state jurisdictions. Our tax years for October 31, 2019 and forward are subject to examination by the United States and October 31, 2018 and forward with state tax authorities.

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Note 9 - Stock Options

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 9 – Stock options

Incentive and non-qualified stock option plans

On July 22, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). In September 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Plan by vote as required by NASDAQ. An aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of common stock was set aside and reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. As of October 31, 2022, 916,369 shares of common stock were remaining for future grants of stock options under the 2020 Plan.

Additional disclosures related to stock option plans  

On January 12, 2021, we granted a total of 33,500 shares of restricted stock and 67,000 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 12, 2022; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.

On July 16, 2021, our Chief Executive Officer was granted incentive stock options to purchase 50,000 shares. These options immediately vested on the date of grant, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

On January 10, 2022, we granted a total of 39,666 shares of restricted stock and 106,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. All incentive stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.

On May 2, 2022, we granted a total of 39,000 incentive stock options to the following:

● One employee was granted 12,000 incentive stock options. These options vested with respect to 3,000 shares on the date of grant, and the remaining shares vests in equal installments thereafter on each of the next three anniversaries of May 2, 2022. The options expire ten years from the date of grant.

● Three employees were each granted 5,000 incentive stock options. These options will vest in two equal installments on the first two anniversaries of May 2, 2022, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

● Two employees were each granted 6,000 incentive stock options. These options will vest in three equal installments on the first three anniversaries of May 2, 2022, and expire ten years from the date of grant.

No other shares or options were granted to Company employees during fiscal 2022.

The fair value of each option granted in 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	2022			2021
Weighted average volatility		53.36	%		52.34	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		7.0			7.0
Risk-free interest rate		1.47	%		0.58	%
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year	$	3.77		$	3.38
Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year	$	2.32		$	3.41

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2022 and 2021 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.

Additional information regarding all of our outstanding stock options at October 31, 2022 and 2021 and changes in outstanding stock options in 2022 and 2021 follows:

	2022					2021
	Shares or			Weighted		Shares or			Weighted
	Price Per			Average		Price Per			Average
	Share			Exercise Price		Share			Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		618,858		$	5.33		789,179		$	4.66
Options granted		145,001		$	6.94		117,000		$	6.57
Options exercised		(60,854	)	$	2.45		(195,528	)	$	3.10
Options canceled or expired		(12,000	)	$	7.58		(91,793	)	$	5.88
Options outstanding at end of year		691,005		$	5.87		618,858		$	5.33
Options exercisable at end of year		366,714		$	6.13		313,381		$	5.95
Options vested and expected to vest at end of year		685,154		$	5.88		618,522		$	5.35
Option price range at end of year	$1.90 - $8.69					$1.90 - $8.69
							$
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year	$	245,420				$	642,181

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of October 31, 2022: 6.61 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of October 31, 2022: 5.91 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of October 31, 2022: 6.62 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at October 31, 2022: $518,000

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at October 31, 2022: $265,000

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at October 31, 2022: $513,000

As of October 31, 2022, $685,000 and $594,000 of expense with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.19 and 0.95 years, respectively.

Under the compensation policies adopted by the Compensation Committee, directors who also are officers and/or employees of the Company do not receive any compensation for serving on the Board. On September 8, 2021, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders was the same as they received in 2021 (i.e., $50,000). In addition, effective September 8, 2021, the Board determined that both Board fees and additional chair fees would be paid half in cash and half in restricted stock, and, in light of the additional work required by the chairs, revised the chair fees as follows, $25,000 for the Chairman of the Board, $25,000 for the Audit Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Compensation Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Chair, and $10,000 for the Nominating & Governance Chair. The cash and restricted stock fees vest in four equal quarterly installments commencing on December 8, 2021, with the restricted stock portion determined by dividing the amount of the fee by the 20-day average trailing closing price of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant ($8.21).

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Note 10 - Retirement Plan

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Retirement Benefits [Text Block]

Note 10 – Retirement plan

We have a 401(k) plan available to our employees. For the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we contributed and recognized as an expense $488,000 and $413,000, respectively, which amounts represented 3% of eligible employee earnings under the Company’s Safe Harbor Non-elective Employer Contribution Plan.

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Note 11 - Term Loan, Line of Credit and PPP Loans

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 11 – Term Loan, Line of credit and PPP loans

In February 2022, we entered into an agreement for a revolving line of credit (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $3.0 million and a $17.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facility”). Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility shall bear interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate (“base interest rate”). The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Company drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and contains certain loan covenants. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ending January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.

As of October 31, 2022, we have borrowed $15,586,000 under the Term Loan while we have not borrowed any amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In May 2020, we applied for and received loans under the PPP of the CARES Act totaling approximately $2.8 million. The funds from the PPP Loans were used to retain employees, maintain payroll and benefits, and make lease and utility payments. Without the PPP Loans, we would have made material reductions in our workforce (particularly at our New York Facility). As of April 30, 2021, the full amount of the PPP Loans has been forgiven and considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

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Note 12 - Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 12 – Related party transactions

A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited. Cables Unlimited’s monthly rent expense under the lease is $16,000 per month, plus payments of all utilities, janitorial expenses, routine maintenance costs, and costs of insurance for Cables Unlimited’s business operations and equipment. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we paid a total of $180,000 under the leases.

During fiscal 2022, we paid royalties to Elmec Ltd. (“Elmec”), a European-based company that owns the intellectual property that is used in Schrofftech’s products. One third of Elmec is jointly owned by David Therrien and Richard DeFelice, two of the former owners and current President and Vice President, respectively, of Schrofftech. For the year ended October 31, 2022, we paid a total of $19,000 of royalty payments to Elmec, and have accrued an additional $4,000 as of October 31, 2022. The expenses related to these transactions are included in cost of goods sold.

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Note 13 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends [Text Block]

Note 13 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during fiscal year 2022. Nor did we pay any dividends during fiscal year 2021.

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Note 14 - Commitments

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 14 – Commitments

We adopted ASU 2016-02 on November 1, 2019, and elected the practical expedient modified retrospective method whereby the lease qualification and classification was carried over from the accounting for leases under ASC 840. The lease contracts for the corporate headquarters, RF Connector division manufacturing facilities, Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, and C Enterprises commenced prior to the effective date of November 1, 2019, and were determined to be operating leases. All other new contracts have been assessed for the existence of a lease and for the proper classification into operating leases. The rate implicit in the leases was undeterminable and, therefore, the discount rate used in all lease contracts is our incremental borrowing rate.

We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to five years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $16,000 per month.

We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the period ended October 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	October 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,833
Short-term lease cost		1

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.75	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of October 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

Year ended October 31,	Operating Leases
2023	$	2,467
2024		1,991
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
Thereafter		12,306
Total future minimum lease payments		20,395
Less imputed interest		(3,483	)
Total	$	16,912

Reported as of October 31, 2022	Operating Leases
Other current liabilities	$	1,887
Operating lease liabilities		15,025
Finance lease liabilities		-
Total	$	16,912

As of October 31, 2022, operating lease ROU asset was $13.5 million and operating lease liability totaled $16.9 million, of which $1.9 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of October 31, 2022.

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Note 15 - Subsequent Event

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

Note 15 – Subsequent event

In January 2023, we received a refund of $1.2 million related to the ERC, of which $1.6 million was in Other Current Assets as of October 31, 2022.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Business activitiesRF Industries, Ltd., together with its five wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, hereinafter the “Company”, ”we”, “us”, or “our”), primarily engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of interconnect products and systems, including coaxial and specialty cables, fiber optic cables and connectors, and electrical and electronic specialty cables. For internal operating and reporting purposes, and for marketing purposes, as of the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we classified our operations into the following five divisions/subsidiaries: (i) The RF Connector and Cable Assembly division designs, manufactures and distributes coaxial connectors and cable assemblies that are integrated with coaxial connectors; (ii) Cables Unlimited, Inc., the subsidiary that manufactures custom and standard cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic power solution cables, adapters, and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communication, computer, LAN, automotive and medical equipment; (iii) Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufacturers cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation and military customers; (iv) C Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufactures quality connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors; (v) Schroff Technologies International, Ltd., the subsidiary that manufactures and markets intelligent thermal control systems used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada, and shrouds for small cell integration and installation, and (vi) Microlab, the subsidiary that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises divisions are Corning Cables Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program members that are authorized to manufacture fiber optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of consolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash equivalentsThe Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Revenue recognitionOn November 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC 606”) applying the modified retrospective method. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

InventoriesInventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost of accounting. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value due to damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of sales in the period in which it occurs. The determination of market value and the estimated volume of demand used in the lower of cost or market analysis requires significant judgment.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and equipmentEquipment, tooling and furniture are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally three to five years) using the straight-line method. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations in the period incurred.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

GoodwillGoodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment analysis at least once annually, which we perform in October, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value.We assess whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments at the reporting level. Our qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on this qualitative assessment we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will not perform a quantitative assessment.Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.No instances of goodwill impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. We considered the impact of the COVID-19 related economic slowdown on our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators as of October 31, 2022 as well as consideration of positive factors including backlog and sell-through subsequent to October 31, 2022. Although no goodwill impairment indicators were identified, it is possible that impairments could emerge as the impact of the crisis becomes clearer, and those impairment losses could be material.On June 15, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Cables Unlimited. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Cables Unlimited reporting unit. As of May 19, 2015, we completed the acquisition of the CompPro product line. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the RF Connector and Cable Assembly Division. Effective June 1, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Rel-Tech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Rel-Tech reporting unit. On March 15, 2019, we completed the acquisition of C Enterprises; however, no goodwill resulted from this transaction. On November 4, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Schrofftech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Schrofftech reporting unit. On March 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Microlab. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Microlab reporting unit.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Long-lived assets We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We have made no material adjustments to our long-lived assets in any of the years presented.We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.In addition, we test our trademarks and indefinite-lived asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired.No instances of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 or 2021.

Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair value measurementWe measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; andLevel 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible assetsIntangible assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

	2022			2021
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(334	)		(289	)
		89			134
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			5,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,074	)		(2,711	)
		2,984			2,347
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			287
Accumulated amortization		(313	)		(287	)
		14			-
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(143	)		(110	)
		225			258
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			-
Accumulated amortization		(76	)		-
		1,624			-
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			-
Accumulated amortization		(740	)		-
		10,360			-
Totals	$	15,296		$	2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense was $1,282,000 and $442,000 for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 9.48 years.There was no impairment to trademarks for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.Estimated amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year ending
October 31,	Amount
2023	$	1,701
2024		1,688
2025		1,643
2026		1,643
2027		1,643
Thereafter		6,978
Total	$	15,296

Advertising Cost [Policy Text Block]

AdvertisingWe expense the cost of advertising and promotions as incurred. Advertising costs charged to operations were approximately $333,000 and $314,000 in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and developmentResearch and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expenses relate to its engineering activities, which consist of the design and development of new products for specific customers, as well as the design and engineering of new or redesigned products for the industry in general. During the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2,913,000 and $1,479,000 in engineering expenses, respectively.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income taxesWe account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the jurisdictions in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision (benefit) for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Management’s judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.We had adopted the provisions of ASC 740-10, which clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. ASC 740-10 requires that we recognize the impact of a tax position in the financial statements if the position is not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on the Company’s accounting for uncertain tax positions.

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

Stock optionsFor stock option grants to employees, we recognize compensation expense based on the estimated fair value of the options at the date of grant. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We issue previously unissued common shares upon the exercise of stock options.For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, charges related to stock-based compensation amounted to approximately $689,000 and $769,000, respectively. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, all stock-based compensation is classified in selling and general and engineering expense.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings per shareBasic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, principally those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, were issued and the treasury stock method had been applied during the period. The greatest number of shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options in any period for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, that were not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive, totaled 508,889 and 386,364, respectively.The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	2022		2021
Numerators:
Consolidated net income (A)	$	1,448,000	$	6,181,000
Denominators:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B)		10,120,254		9,978,683
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options		122,163		175,556
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C)		10,242,417		10,154,239
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B)	$	0.14	$	0.62
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C)	$	0.14	$	0.61

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent accounting standardsRecently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance also still gives entities the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. We adopted the standard as of November 1, 2020, the beginning of our fiscal 2021, applying this prospectively. The adoption of the standard did not result in an impairment charge as of October 31, 2022 or October 31, 2021.In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new ASU also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates. These changes aim to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing the disclosures. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2021 and prescribes different transition methods for the various provisions. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	2022			2021
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(334	)		(289	)
		89			134
Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			5,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,074	)		(2,711	)
		2,984			2,347
Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			287
Accumulated amortization		(313	)		(287	)
		14			-
Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(143	)		(110	)
		225			258
Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			-
Accumulated amortization		(76	)		-
		1,624			-
Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			-
Accumulated amortization		(740	)		-
		10,360			-
Totals	$	15,296		$	2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

Year ending
October 31,	Amount
2023	$	1,701
2024		1,688
2025		1,643
2026		1,643
2027		1,643
Thereafter		6,978
Total	$	15,296

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	2022		2021
Numerators:
Consolidated net income (A)	$	1,448,000	$	6,181,000
Denominators:
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B)		10,120,254		9,978,683
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options		122,163		175,556
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C)		10,242,417		10,154,239
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B)	$	0.14	$	0.62
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C)	$	0.14	$	0.61

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition [Table Text Block]

Cash consideration paid at closing	$	24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment		225,000
Total consideration transferred	$	24,475,000

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

Current assets	$	6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Non-interest bearing liabilities		(1,800,000	)
Net assets acquired at fair value	$	24,475,000

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

	Twelve Months Ended October 31,
	2022		2021
Revenue	$	91,358	$	73,727
Net income		1,959		7,537
Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.19	$	0.75
Diluted	$	0.19	$	0.74
Basic		10,120,254		9,978,683
Diluted		10,242,417		10,154,239

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]

	October 31,
	2022			2021
Wireless provider		20	%		21	%
Distributor A		*			11	%

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	2022		2021
Raw materials and supplies	$	15,238	$	6,422
Work in process		439		381
Finished goods		5,377		4,376
Totals	$	21,054	$	11,179

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Current Assets [Table Text Block]

	2022		2021
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$	1,636	$	1,774
Prepaid taxes		-		314
Prepaid expense		972		439
Reimbursement for tenant improvments		2,810		-
Other		431		366
Totals	$	5,849	$	2,893

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	2022		2021
Wages payable	$	3,634	$	2,607
Accrued receipts		2,136		1,711
Other accrued expenses		1,847		716
Tenant improvements payable		1,197		-
Totals	$	8,814	$	5,034

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Note 7 - Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments [Table Text Block]

	2022		2021
United States	$	74,919	$	54,960
Foreign Countries:
Canada		6,765		1,856
Italy		1,670		-
Mexico		106		130
All Other		1,794		478
		10,335		2,464
Totals	$	85,254	$	57,424

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	RF Connector		Custom Cabling
	and		Manufacturing and
2022	Cable Assembly		Assembly		Corporate			Total
Net sales	$	31,157	$	54,097	$	-		$	85,254
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,421		2,303		(3,137	)		1,587
Depreciation and amortization		1,109		581		-			1,690
Total assets		49,468		27,606		12,492			89,566
2021
Net sales	$	15,622	$	41,802	$	-		$	57,424
Income (loss) before benefit from income taxes		2,494		1,921		2,802			7,217
Depreciation and amortization		141		629		-			770
Total assets		7,367		25,875		16,406			49,648

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

	2022			2021
Current:
Federal	$	1,252		$	401
State		225			189
		1,477			590
Deferred:
Federal		(1,054	)		323
State		(284	)		123
		(1,338	)		446
	$	139		$	1,036

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	2022						2021
				% of Pretax						% of Pretax
	Amount			Income			Amount			Income
Income taxes at federal statutory rate	$	333			21.0	%	$	1,516			21.0	%
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit		60			3.8	%		246			3.4	%
Nondeductible differences:
Stock options		19			1.2	%		(86	)		-1.2	%
PPP loan forgiveness		-			0.0	%		(588	)		-8.1	%
Permanent differences		5			0.3	%		5			0.1	%
R&D credits		(219	)		-13.6	%		(51	)		-0.7	%
Foreign derived intangible income		(68	)		-4.3	%		(15	)		-0.2	%
ASC 740-10 Liability		(7	)		-0.4	%		29			0.4	%
Section 481(a) adjustment		142			8.9	%		-			0.0	%
Return-to-provision adjustments		(126	)		-7.9	%		-			0.0	%
Other		-			-0.0	%		(20	)		-0.3	%
	$	139			9.2	%	$	1,036			14.4	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	2022			2021
Deferred Tax Assets:
Reserves	$	404		$	383
Accrued vacation		294			241
Stock-based compensation awards		168			144
Uniform capitalization		173			134
Lease liability		4,169			366
State Taxes		72			52
Other		36			25
Total deferred tax assets		5,316			1,345
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Amortization / intangible assets		(29	)		(487	)
Change in ROU assets		(3,335	)		(357	)
Depreciation / equipment and furnishings		(136	)		(112	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(3,500	)		(956	)
Total net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	1,816		$	389

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]

	2022			2021
Balance, at beginning of year	$	141		$	107
Increase for tax positions related to the current year		50			44
Increase for tax positions related to prior years		(29	)		(1	)
Increase for interest and penalties		-			2
Statute of Limitations Expirations		(28	)		(11	)
Balance, at end of year	$	134		$	141

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Note 9 - Stock Options (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	2022			2021
Weighted average volatility		53.36	%		52.34	%
Expected dividends		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected term (in years)		7.0			7.0
Risk-free interest rate		1.47	%		0.58	%
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year	$	3.77		$	3.38
Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year	$	2.32		$	3.41

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

	2022					2021
	Shares or			Weighted		Shares or			Weighted
	Price Per			Average		Price Per			Average
	Share			Exercise Price		Share			Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		618,858		$	5.33		789,179		$	4.66
Options granted		145,001		$	6.94		117,000		$	6.57
Options exercised		(60,854	)	$	2.45		(195,528	)	$	3.10
Options canceled or expired		(12,000	)	$	7.58		(91,793	)	$	5.88
Options outstanding at end of year		691,005		$	5.87		618,858		$	5.33
Options exercisable at end of year		366,714		$	6.13		313,381		$	5.95
Options vested and expected to vest at end of year		685,154		$	5.88		618,522		$	5.35
Option price range at end of year	$1.90 - $8.69					$1.90 - $8.69
							$
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year	$	245,420				$	642,181

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Note 14 - Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	Fiscal Year Ended
	October 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,833
Short-term lease cost		1

Lessee, Leases, Other Information [Table Text Block]

	October 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		113.72
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.75	%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Year ended October 31,	Operating Leases
2023	$	2,467
2024		1,991
2025		1,796
2026		1,835
Thereafter		12,306
Total future minimum lease payments		20,395
Less imputed interest		(3,483	)
Total	$	16,912

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Amortization of Intangible Assets, Total	$ 1,282,000	$ 442,000
Advertising Expense	333,000	314,000
Research and Development Expense, Total	2,913,000	1,479,000
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 689,000	$ 769,000
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount	508,889	386,364
Trademarks [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Indefinite-lived (Excluding Goodwill)	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (Year)	5 years
Weighted Average [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	9 years 5 months 23 days

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Amortizable intangible assets, net	$ 15,296	$ 2,739
Non-amortizable intangible assets	1,174	1,174
Trademarks [Member]
Non-amortizable intangible assets	1,174	1,174
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	423	423
Accumulated amortization	(334)	(289)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	89	134
Customer Relationships [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	6,058	5,058
Accumulated amortization	(3,074)	(2,711)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	2,984	2,347
Order or Production Backlog [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	327	287
Accumulated amortization	(313)	(287)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	14	0
Patents [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	368	368
Accumulated amortization	(143)	(110)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	225	258
Trade Names [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	1,700	0
Accumulated amortization	(76)	0
Amortizable intangible assets, net	1,624	0
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, gross	11,100	0
Accumulated amortization	(740)	0
Amortizable intangible assets, net	$ 10,360	$ 0

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Intangible Assets (Details) (Parentheticals)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	5 years	5 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	15 years	15 years
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	1 year	1 year
Order or Production Backlog [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	2 years	2 years
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	10 years	10 years
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	14 years	14 years
Trade Names [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	15 years
Patented Technology [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets, estimated life (Year)	10 years

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
2023	$ 1,701
2024	1,688
2025	1,643
2026	1,643
2027	1,643
Thereafter	6,978
Total	$ 15,296	$ 2,739

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Note 1 - Business Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Consolidated net income (A)	$ 1,448,000	$ 6,181,000
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (B) (in shares)	10,120,254	9,978,683
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities - assumed exercise of stock options (in shares)	122,163	175,556
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share (C) (in shares)	10,242,417	10,154,239
Basic earnings per share (A)/(B) (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.62
Diluted earnings per share (A)/(C) (in dollars per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.61

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition (Details Textual) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	8 Months Ended
	Mar. 01, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2022	Feb. 28, 2022
Bank of America, N.A. [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 17,000,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	100.00%
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Total	$ 24,250,000
Business Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, Consideration Transferred		$ 225,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs			$ 1,300,000
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life			1 year
Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life			10 years

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Components of the Purchase Price of Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (Details) - Schrofftech [Member]	Mar. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Cash consideration paid at closing	$ 24,250,000
Post-closing adjustment	225,000
Total consideration transferred	$ 24,475,000

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Allocation of Estimated Purchase Price of Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2022	Mar. 01, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Goodwill	$ 8,085,000		$ 2,467,000
Schrofftech [Member]
Current assets		$ 6,620,000
Property and equipment		198,000
Intangible assets		13,840,000
Goodwill		5,617,000
Non-interest bearing liabilities		(1,800,000)
Net assets acquired at fair value		$ 24,475,000

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Note 2 - Business Acquisition - Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information (Details) - Microlab/FXR LLC [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Revenue	$ 91,358	$ 73,727
Net income	$ 1,959	$ 7,537
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.75
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.74
Basic (in shares)	10,120,254	9,978,683
Diluted (in shares)	10,242,417	10,154,239

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Cash, Uninsured Amount	$ 3.1
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Wireless Carrier [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	20.00%
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | One Distributor [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		21.00%
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Distributor Two [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		11.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Wireless Carrier [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	14.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Distributor One [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	19.00%	28.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Distributor Two [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		8.00%

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Note 3 - Concentrations of Credit Risk - Sales (Details) - Revenue Benchmark [Member] - Customer Concentration Risk [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Wireless Provider [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	20.00%	21.00%
Distributor A [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		11.00%

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Details Textual) - Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] - Inventory Purchases [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Number of Major Vendors	1	1
One Vendor [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	27.00%	26.00%

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Note 4 - Inventories and Major Vendors - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Raw materials and supplies	$ 15,238	$ 6,422
Work in process	439	381
Finished goods	5,377	4,376
Totals	$ 21,054	$ 11,179

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Note 5 - Other Current Assets - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Employee retention credit ("ERC")	$ 1,636	$ 1,774
Prepaid taxes	0	314
Prepaid expense	972	439
Reimbursement for tenant improvments	2,810	0
Other	431	366
Totals	$ 5,849	$ 2,893

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Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Long-term Liabilities - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Wages payable	$ 3,634	$ 2,607
Accrued receipts	2,136	1,711
Other accrued expenses	1,847	716
Tenant improvements payable	1,197	0
Totals	$ 8,814	$ 5,034

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Note 7 - Segment Information (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total	$ (0)	$ 2,807
Paycheck Protection Program CARES Act [Member] | Other Income [Member]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total		$ 2,800

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Note 7 - Segment Information - Sales by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Net sales	$ 85,254	$ 57,424
UNITED STATES
Net sales	74,919	54,960
CANADA
Net sales	6,765	1,856
ITALY
Net sales	1,670	0
All Other Foreign Countries [Member]
Net sales	1,794	478
Non-US [Member]
Net sales	$ 10,335	$ 2,464

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Note 7 - Segment Information - Net Sales, Income Before Provision for Income Taxes and Other Related Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Net sales	$ 85,254	$ 57,424
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	1,587	7,217
Depreciation and amortization	1,690	770
Total assets	89,566	49,648
Operating Segments [Member] | RF Connector and Cable Assembly [Member]
Net sales	31,157	15,622
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	2,421	2,494
Depreciation and amortization	1,109	141
Total assets	49,468	7,367
Operating Segments [Member] | Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly [Member]
Net sales	54,097	41,802
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	2,303	1,921
Depreciation and amortization	581	629
Total assets	27,606	25,875
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Net sales	0	0
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	(3,137)	2,802
Depreciation and amortization	0	0
Total assets	$ 12,492	$ 16,406

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021	Oct. 31, 2020
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 139,000	$ 1,036,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	9.20%	14.40%
Income taxes at federal statutory rate, percentage	21.00%	21.00%
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 134,000	$ 141,000	$ 107,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Income Tax Penalties and Interest Expense, Total	13,000	13,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	$ 121,000	$ 128,000
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Open Tax Year	2019 2020 2021 2022
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Open Tax Year	2018 2019 2020 2021

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision - Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Federal	$ 1,252	$ 401
State	225	189
Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	1,477	590
Federal	(1,054)	323
State	(284)	123
Deferred Federal, State and Local, Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	(1,338)	446
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 139	$ 1,036

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision - Income Tax Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Income taxes at federal statutory rate	$ 333	$ 1,516
Income taxes at federal statutory rate, percentage	21.00%	21.00%
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit	$ 60	$ 246
State tax provision, net of federal tax benefit, percentage	3.80%	3.40%
Stock options	$ 19	$ (86)
Stock options, Percent	1.20%	(1.20%)
PPP loan forgiveness	$ 0	$ (588)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Exempt Income, Percent	0.00%	(8.10%)
Permanent differences	$ 5	$ 5
Permanent differences, percentage	0.30%	0.10%
R&D credits	$ (219)	$ (51)
R&D credits, percentage	(13.60%)	(0.70%)
Foreign derived intangible income	$ (68)	$ (15)
Foreign derived intangible income, percentage	(4.30%)	(0.20%)
ASC 740-10 Liability	$ (7)	$ 29
ASC 740-10 Liability, percentage	(0.40%)	0.40%
Section 481(a) adjustment	$ 142	$ 0
Section 481(a) adjustment, percentage	8.90%	0.00%
Return-to-provision adjustments	$ (126)	$ 0
Return-to-provision adjustments, percentage	(7.90%)	0.00%
Other	$ 0	$ (20)
Other, percentage	(0.00%)	(0.30%)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 139	$ 1,036
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	9.20%	14.40%

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision - Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Reserves	$ 404	$ 383
Accrued vacation	294	241
Stock-based compensation awards	168	144
Uniform capitalization	173	134
Lease liability	4,169	366
State Taxes	72	52
Other	36	25
Total deferred tax assets	5,316	1,345
Amortization / intangible assets	(29)	(487)
Change in ROU assets	(3,335)	(357)
Depreciation / equipment and furnishings	(136)	(112)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(3,500)	(956)
Total net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$ 1,816	$ 389

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Note 8 - Income Tax Provision - Adjustments to Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Balance, at beginning of year	$ 141	$ 107
Increase for tax positions related to the current year	50	44
Increase for tax positions related to prior years	(29)	(1)
Increase for interest and penalties	0	2
Statute of Limitations Expirations	(28)	(11)
Balance, at end of year	$ 134	$ 141

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Note 9 - Stock Options (Details Textual) - USD ($)					12 Months Ended
	May 02, 2022	Jan. 10, 2022	Jul. 16, 2021	Jan. 12, 2021	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021	Sep. 08, 2021	Sep. 15, 2020	Jul. 22, 2020
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Year)					6 years 7 months 9 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Year)					5 years 10 months 28 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Year)					6 years 7 months 13 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value					$ 518,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value					265,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value					513,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee [Member]
Nonemployee Director, Annual Compensation							$ 50,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount, Total					$ 594,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					11 months 12 days
Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	39,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount, Total					$ 685,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					2 years 2 months 8 days
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period		39,666		33,500
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross		106,001		67,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)				4 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)		10 years		10 years
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on January 12, 2022 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage				25.00%
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Vesting Quarterly After January 12, 2022 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)				3 years
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)		4 years
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] | Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Vesting on January 10, 2023 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage		25.00%
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross			50,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)			10 years
One Employee [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	12,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	3 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested, Number of Shares (in shares)	3,000
Three Employees [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	5,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	2 years
Incentive Stock Options [Member] | Three Employees [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Two Employees [Member] | Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	6,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Year)	3 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Non-employee Directors and Chairman of the Board [Member]
Annual Payable, Additional Compensation							25,000
Non-employee Directors and Compensation Committee Chair [Member]
Annual Payable, Additional Compensation							20,000
Non-employee Directors and Nominating & Governance Chair [Member]
Annual Payable, Additional Compensation							$ 10,000
Non-employee Directors and Chairperson of Committee on Board [Member]
Share Price, 20 Day Average (in dollars per share)								$ 8.21
The 2020 Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized									1,250,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant						916,369

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Note 9 - Stock Options - Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Weighted average volatility	53.36%	52.34%
Expected dividends	0.00%	0.00%
Expected term (in years) (Year)	7 years	7 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.47%	0.58%
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 3.77	$ 3.38
Weighted average fair value of options vested during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32	$ 3.41

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Note 9 - Stock Options - Options Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)	618,858	789,179
Outstanding at beginning of year, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.33	$ 4.66
Options granted (in shares)	145,001	117,000
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.94	$ 6.57
Options exercised (in shares)	(60,854)	(195,528)
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45	$ 3.10
Options canceled or expired (in shares)	(12,000)	(91,793)
Options canceled or expired, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 7.58	$ 5.88
Options outstanding at end of year (in shares)	691,005	618,858
Options outstanding at end of year, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.87	$ 5.33
Options exercisable at end of year (in shares)	366,714	313,381
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.13	$ 5.95
Options vested and expected to vest at end of year (in shares)	685,154	618,522
Options vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.88	$ 5.35
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during year	$ 245,420	$ 642,181
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Lower Range Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 1.90	$ 1.90
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range, Upper Range Limit (in dollars per share)	$ 8.69	$ 8.69

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Note 10 - Retirement Plan (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost	$ 488,000	$ 413,000
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Employees' Gross Pay	3.00%

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Note 11 - Term Loan, Line of Credit and PPP Loans (Details Textual)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)	May 31, 2020 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt, Total			$ 17,000,000	$ 0
Paycheck Protection Program CARES Act [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt, Total		$ 2,800,000
Term Loan [Member]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	3.76%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.00%
Long-Term Line of Credit, Total			$ 0
Bank of America, N.A. [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 3,000,000.0
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 17,000,000
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Maximum EBITDA Ratio			3.00
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio				1.25
Dent Instrument, Covenant Required Ebitda					$ 600,000
Term Loan [Member]
Long-Term Debt, Gross			$ 15,586,000

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Note 12 - Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)
K and K Unlimited [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Monthly Rent	$ 16,000
Operating Lease, Expense	180,000
Elmec [Member]
Accrued Royalties, Current	4,000
Elmec [Member] | Royalty Payments [Member]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	$ 19,000

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Note 13 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Payments of Ordinary Dividends, Common Stock	$ 0	$ 0

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Note 14 - Commitments (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 13,480,000	$ 1,453,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Total	16,912,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	1,887,000	$ 832,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Total	0
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	1,887,000
K and K Unlimited [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Monthly Rent	$ 16,000
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)	5 years

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Note 14 - Commitments - Operating Lease Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Operating lease cost	$ 1,833
Short-term lease cost	$ 1

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Note 14 - Commitments - Other Information Related to Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations operating leases	$ 13,352
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term, Operating leases (months) (Month)	113 months 21 days
Weighted Average Discount Rate, Operating leases	3.75%

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Note 14 - Commitments - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
2023	$ 2,467
2024	1,991
2025	1,796
2026	1,835
Thereafter	12,306
Total future minimum lease payments	20,395
Less imputed interest	(3,483)
Total	16,912
Other current liabilities	1,887	$ 832
Operating lease liabilities	15,025	$ 675
Total	16,912
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Other current liabilities	$ 1,887

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Note 15 - Subsequent Event (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Oct. 31, 2021
Employee Retention Tax Credit Receivable		$ 1,636	$ 1,774
Other Current Assets [Member]
Employee Retention Tax Credit Receivable		$ 1,600
Scenario, Adjustment [Member]
Proceeds from Employee Retention Credit	$ 1,200