Loans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Loans [Abstract]

Loans

4 - LOANS

The following table sets forth the loans outstanding by class of loans at the dates indicated.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Commercial and industrial	$	112,873	$	90,386
SBA PPP		193		30,534
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		927,717		864,207
Other		793,592		700,872
Owner-occupied		220,905		171,533
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		1,233,005		1,202,374
Revolving home equity		43,276		44,139
Consumer and other		1,642		991
	$	3,333,203	$	3,105,036

Management identifies loans in the Bank’s portfolio that must be individually evaluated for loss due to disparate risk characteristics or information suggesting that the Bank will be unable to collect all the principal and interest due. For loans individually evaluated, a specific reserve is estimated based on either the fair value of collateral or the discounted value of expected future cash flows. In estimating the fair value of real estate collateral, management utilizes appraisals or evaluations adjusted for costs to dispose and a distressed sale adjustment, if needed. Estimating the fair value of collateral other than real estate is also subjective in nature and sometimes requires difficult and complex judgements. Determining expected future cash flows can be more subjective than determining fair values. Expected future cash flows could differ significantly, both in timing and amount, from the cash flows actually received over the loan’s remaining life. Individually evaluated loans are excluded from the estimation of credit losses for the pooled portfolio.

For loans collectively evaluated for credit loss, management segregates its loan portfolio into distinct pools, certain of which are combined in reporting loans outstanding by class of loans: (1) commercial and industrial; (2) small business credit scored; (3) multifamily; (4) owner-occupied; (5) other commercial real estate; (6) construction and land development; (7) closed end residential mortgage; (8) revolving home equity; (9) consumer; (10) municipal loans; and (11) Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans. Historical loss information from the Bank’s own loan portfolio from December 31, 2007 to present provides a basis for management’s assessment of expected credit losses. The choice of a historical look-back period that begins in 2007 covers an entire economic cycle and impacts the average historical loss rates used to calculate the final allowance for credit losses (“ACL” or “allowance”). Due to the extensive loss data available, management selected the vintage approach to measure the historical loss component of credit losses for most of its loan pools. For the revolving home equity and small business credit scored pools, the PD/LGD (probability of default/loss given default) method is used to measure historical losses. No historical loss method was applied to the SBA PPP loan pool which is 100% guaranteed by the federal government. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are included in loans collectively evaluated for credit loss. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. A charge to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification.

Management believes that the methods selected fairly reflect the historical loss component of expected losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio. However, since future losses could vary significantly from those experienced in the past, on a quarterly basis management adjusts its historical loss experience to reflect current and forecasted conditions. In doing so, management considers a variety of general qualitative and quantitative factors (“Q-factors”) and then subjectively determines the weight to assign to each in estimating losses. Qualitative characteristics include differences in underwriting standards, policies, lending staff and environmental risks. Management also considers whether further adjustments to historical loss information are needed to reflect the extent to which current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts over a one year to two year forecasting horizon differ from the conditions that existed during the historical loss period. These quantitative adjustments reflect changes to relevant data such as changes in unemployment rates, gross domestic product (“GDP”), vacancies, average growth in pools of loans, delinquencies or other factors associated with the financial assets. The allowance for SBA PPP loans represents an estimate of potential loss due to documentation and processing deficiencies. The immediate reversion method is applied for periods beyond the forecasting horizon. The Bank’s ACL allocable to pools of loans that are collectively evaluated for credit loss results primarily from these qualitative and quantitative adjustments to historical loss experience. Because of the nature of the Q-factors and the degree of judgement involved in assessing their impact, management’s resulting estimate of losses may not accurately reflect current and future losses in the portfolio.

Growth in commercial and residential mortgages and commercial and industrial loans and chargeoffs were the main drivers of the provision recorded in the first nine months of 2022, partially offset by declines in historical loss rates and other portfolio metrics.

The following tables present the activity in the ACL for the periods indicated.

(in thousands)	Balance at ‎1/1/2022		Chargeoffs		Recoveries		Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses		Balance at ‎9/30/2022
Commercial and industrial	$	888	$	424	$	64	$	940	$	1,468
SBA PPP		46		—		—		(42)		4
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		8,154		—		—		267		8,421
Other		6,478		—		—		1,014		7,492
Owner-occupied		2,515		—		—		503		3,018
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		11,298		372		—		(345)		10,581
Revolving home equity		449		—		—		(101)		348
Consumer and other		3		—		—		12		15
	$	29,831	$	796	$	64	$	2,248	$	31,347

(in thousands)	Balance at ‎7/1/2022		Chargeoffs		Recoveries		Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses		Balance at ‎9/30/2022
Commercial and industrial	$	1,041	$	344	$	21	$	750	$	1,468
SBA PPP		7		—		—		(3)		4
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		8,877		—		—		(456)		8,421
Other		6,924		—		—		568		7,492
Owner-occupied		2,961		—		—		57		3,018
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		10,694		284		—		171		10,581
Revolving home equity		350		—		—		(2)		348
Consumer and other		11		—		—		4		15
	$	30,865	$	628	$	21	$	1,089	$	31,347

(in thousands)	Balance at ‎1/1/2021		Chargeoffs		Recoveries		Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses		Balance at ‎9/30/2021
Commercial and industrial	$	1,416	$	227	$	188	$	(519)	$	858
SBA PPP		209		—		—		(111)		98
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		9,474		544		—		(1,103)		7,827
Other		4,913		—		—		859		5,772
Owner-occupied		1,905		165		91		180		2,011
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		14,706		79		19		(2,205)		12,441
Revolving home equity		407		—		254		(156)		505
Consumer and other		7		1		1		(3)		4
	$	33,037	$	1,016	$	553	$	(3,058)	$	29,516

(in thousands)	Balance at ‎7/1/2021		Chargeoffs		Recoveries		Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses		Balance at ‎9/30/2021
Commercial and industrial	$	1,008	$	—	$	20	$	(170)	$	858
SBA PPP		141		—		—		(43)		98
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		8,613		292		—		(494)		7,827
Other		5,363		—		—		409		5,772
Owner-occupied		1,895		—		—		116		2,011
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		13,316		—		16		(891)		12,441
Revolving home equity		628		—		254		(377)		505
Consumer and other		4		1		—		1		4
	$	30,968	$	293	$	290	$	(1,449)	$	29,516

Aging of Loans. The following tables present the aging of loans past due and loans on nonaccrual status by class of loans.

	September 30, 2022
	Past Due						Nonaccrual
							With an		With No		Total Past
					90 Days or		Allowance		Allowance		Due Loans &
					More and		for Credit		for Credit		Nonaccrual				Total
(in thousands)	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Still Accruing		Loss		Loss		Loans		Current		Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	333	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	333	$	112,540	$	112,873
SBA PPP		193		—		—		—		—		193		—		193
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		—		927,717		927,717
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		793,592		793,592
Owner-occupied		—		—		—		—		—		—		220,905		220,905
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,233,005		1,233,005
Revolving home equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		43,276		43,276
Consumer and other		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,642		1,642
	$	526	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	526	$	3,332,677	$	3,333,203
	December 31, 2021
Commercial and industrial	$	128	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	128	$	90,258	$	90,386
SBA PPP		259		—		—		—		—		259		30,275		30,534
Commercial mortgages:
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		—		864,207		864,207
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		700,872		700,872
Owner-occupied		—		—		—		—		—		—		171,533		171,533
Residential mortgages:
Closed end		—		—		—		—		1,235		1,235		1,201,139		1,202,374
Revolving home equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		44,139		44,139
Consumer and other		73		—		—		—		—		73		918		991
	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,235	$	1,695	$	3,103,341	$	3,105,036

There were no loans in the process of foreclosure nor did the Bank hold any foreclosed residential real estate property at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Accrued interest receivable from loans totaled $8.9 million and $8.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in the line item “Other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Loan Modifications. The Bank did not modify the terms of any loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension during the first nine months of 2022 or 2021, nor did the Bank have commitments to lend additional amounts to such borrowers at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Risk Characteristics. Credit risk within the Bank’s loan portfolio primarily stems from factors such as changes in the borrower’s financial condition, credit concentrations, changes in collateral values, economic conditions, rent regulation and environmental contamination of properties securing mortgage loans. The Bank’s commercial loans, including those secured by real estate mortgages, are primarily made to small and medium-sized businesses. Such loans sometimes involve a higher degree of risk than those to larger companies because such businesses may have shorter operating histories, higher debt-to-equity ratios and may lack sophistication in internal record keeping and financial and operational controls. In addition, most of the Bank’s loans are made to businesses and consumers on Long Island and in the boroughs of New York City (“NYC”), and a large percentage of these loans are mortgage loans secured by properties located in those areas. The primary sources of repayment for residential and commercial mortgage loans include employment and other income of the borrowers, the businesses of the borrowers and cash flows from the underlying properties. In the case of multifamily mortgage loans, a substantial portion of the underlying properties are rent stabilized or rent controlled. These sources of repayment are dependent on, among other things, the strength of the local economy.

Credit Quality Indicators. The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the borrower’s ability to service their debt including, but not limited to, current financial information for the borrower and any guarantors, payment experience, credit underwriting documentation, public records, due diligence checks and current economic trends. Management analyzes loans individually and classifies them using risk rating matrices consistent with regulatory guidance as follows.

Watch: The borrower’s cash flow has a high degree of variability and subject to economic downturns. Liquidity is strained and the ability of the borrower to access traditional sources of credit is diminished.

Special Mention: The borrower has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to risk sufficient to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard: Loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans have all the inherent weaknesses of those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Risk ratings on commercial and industrial loans and commercial mortgages are initially assigned during the underwriting process and affirmed as part of the approval process. The ratings are periodically reviewed and evaluated based on borrower contact, credit department review or independent loan review.

The Bank's loan risk rating and review policy establishes requirements for the annual review of commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. The requirements include details of the scope of coverage and selection process based on loan-type and risk rating. The Bank reviews at least 80% of its commercial real estate portfolio on an annual basis. Lines of credit are also reviewed annually at each proposed reaffirmation. The frequency of the review of other loans is determined by minimum principal balance thresholds and the Bank’s ongoing assessments of the borrower’s condition.

Residential mortgage loans, revolving home equity lines and other consumer loans are initially evaluated utilizing the borrower’s credit score. A credit score is a tool used in the Bank’s loan approval process, and a minimum score of 680 is generally required for new loans. Credit scores for each borrower are updated at least annually. However, regardless of credit score, loans may be classified, criticized or placed on management’s watch list if relevant information comes to light.

‎

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by class of loans, vintage and risk rating. Loans shown as Pass are all loans other than those risk rated Watch, Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful. Also presented are gross chargeoffs and recoveries recorded in the current year-to-date period by origination year.

	September 30, 2022
	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Loans (1)		Total
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	28,101	$	30,194	$	10,697	$	6,006	$	8,278	$	8,672	$	15,638	$	107,586
Watch		—		5,001		271		—		—		—		15		5,287
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	28,101	$	35,195	$	10,968	$	6,006	$	8,278	$	8,672	$	15,653	$	112,873
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(424)	$	(424)
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		64		64
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(360)	$	(360)
SBA PPP:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	193	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193
Watch		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	—	$	—	$	193	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial mortgages – multifamily:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	191,239	$	181,529	$	39,899	$	125,813	$	122,263	$	260,415	$	225	$	921,383
Watch		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		6,334		—		6,334
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	191,239	$	181,529	$	39,899	$	125,813	$	122,263	$	266,749	$	225	$	927,717
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial mortgages – other:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	178,787	$	225,269	$	112,317	$	34,647	$	44,121	$	190,614	$	—	$	785,755
Watch		—		—		—		—		939		—		—		939
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		6,898		—		6,898
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	178,787	$	225,269	$	112,317	$	34,647	$	45,060	$	197,512	$	—	$	793,592
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial mortgages – owner-occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	54,919	$	62,134	$	21,321	$	41,821	$	2,819	$	36,793	$	1,098	$	220,905
Watch		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	54,919	$	62,134	$	21,321	$	41,821	$	2,819	$	36,793	$	1,098	$	220,905
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

	September 30, 2022
	Term Loans by Origination Year												Revolving
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Loans (1)		Total
Residential mortgages:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	173,556	$	170,685	$	37,500	$	17,272	$	187,310	$	646,210	$	43,276	$	1,275,809
Watch		—		—		—		—		—		472		—		472
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	173,556	$	170,685	$	37,500	$	17,272	$	187,310	$	646,682	$	43,276	$	1,276,281
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(372)	$	—	$	(372)
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(372)	$	—	$	(372)
Consumer and other:
Risk rating:
Pass	$	295	$	—	$	—	$	100	$	—	$	92	$	810	$	1,297
Watch		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Not Rated		—		—		—		—		—		—		345		345
	$	295	$	—	$	—	$	100	$	—	$	92	$	1,155	$	1,642
Current-period gross chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current-period recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current-period net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total Loans	$	626,897	$	674,812	$	222,198	$	225,659	$	365,730	$	1,156,500	$	61,407	$	3,333,203
Total net chargeoffs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(372)	$	(360)	$	(732)

(1) Includes commercial and industrial and residential mortgage lines converted to term of $5.3 million and $9.1 million, respectively.