Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

The ACL on loans is management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses on loans carried at amortized cost. The level of the ACL on loans is based on management’s ongoing review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the year ended December 31, 2025:


(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial				Consumer
	CRE	C&I	Total Commercial	Residential Real Estate	Home Equity	Other	Total Consumer	Total
Beginning Balance	$26,485	$7,277	$33,762	$6,832	$1,031	$335	$1,366	$41,960

Charge-offs	(5,715)	(8,693)	(14,408)	—	—	(327)	(327)	(14,735)
Recoveries	318	139	457	—	18	36	54	511
Provision	(1,322)	11,027	9,705	(562)	137	220	357	9,500
Ending Balance	$19,766	$9,750	$29,516	$6,270	$1,186	$264	$1,450	$37,236

The elevated provision for credit losses in 2025 reflected the impact of charge-offs on two commercial loan relationships. See additional disclosure regarding these two commercial loans in Note 10 under the caption “Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis.”

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the year ended December 31, 2024:


(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial				Consumer
	CRE	C&I	Total Commercial	Residential Real Estate	Home Equity	Other	Total Consumer	Total
Beginning Balance	$24,144	$8,088	$32,232	$7,403	$1,048	$374	$1,422	$41,057

Charge-offs	(1,961)	(208)	(2,169)	—	—	(244)	(244)	(2,413)
Recoveries	—	22	22	160	197	37	234	416
Provision	4,302	(625)	3,677	(731)	(214)	168	(46)	2,900
Ending Balance	$26,485	$7,277	$33,762	$6,832	$1,031	$335	$1,366	$41,960

The following table presents the activity in the ACL on loans for the year ended December 31, 2023:


(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial				Consumer
	CRE	C&I	Total Commercial	Residential Real Estate	Home Equity	Other	Total Consumer	Total
Beginning Balance	$18,435	$10,356	$28,791	$7,740	$1,115	$381	$1,496	$38,027

Charge-offs	(373)	(37)	(410)	—	—	(167)	(167)	(577)
Recoveries	—	12	12	3	10	32	42	57
Provision	6,082	(2,243)	3,839	(340)	(77)	128	51	3,550
Ending Balance	$24,144	$8,088	$32,232	$7,403	$1,048	$374	$1,422	$41,057

For the purpose of estimating the ACL, management segregated the loan portfolio into the portfolio segments detailed in the above tables. Each of these segments possesses unique risk characteristics that are considered when determining the appropriate level of ACL for each segment. Some of the characteristics unique to each loan category include:

Commercial Loans

CRE loans consist of commercial mortgages secured by non-owner occupied real property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing or permanent financing of the property. CRE loans also include construction loans made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial or residential buildings. CRE loans frequently involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Washington Trust’s commercial real estate loans are secured by a variety of

property types, such as multi-family retail, industrial and warehouse, office, hospitality, healthcare facilities, as well as other specific use properties. Collateral values are determined based upon third-party appraisals. Permissible loan to value ratios at origination are governed by the Corporation’s policy and regulatory guidelines.

C&I loans consist of revolving, non-revolving and term loans extended to commercial borrowers for the purpose of providing working capital, equipment financing and financing for other business-related purposes. C&I loans are frequently collateralized by equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and/or general business assets. A portion of Washington Trust’s C&I loan portfolio is also collateralized by owner occupied real estate. C&I loans also include tax-exempt loans made to states and political subdivisions, as well as industrial development or revenue bonds issued through quasi-public corporations for the benefit of a private or non-profit entity where that entity rather than the governmental entity is obligated to pay the debt service. Washington Trust’s C&I loan portfolio includes loans to business sectors such as health care and social assistance, real estate rental and leasing, transportation and warehousing, educational services, retail trade, as well as other business sectors.

For the commercial portfolio, the Corporation typically obtains personal guarantees for payment from individuals holding material ownership interests in the borrowing entities.

Residential Real Estate Loans

Residential real estate loans held in the Corporation’s portfolio are made to borrowers who demonstrate the ability to make scheduled payments with full consideration to underwriting factors such as current and expected income, employment status, current assets, other financial resources, credit history and the value of the collateral. Collateral consists of mortgage liens on one-to-four family residential properties, including condominiums. Residential real estate loans also include loans to construct owner-occupied one-to-four family residential properties. Collateral values are determined based upon third-party appraisals. In general, loans must meet the underwriting and purchase standards imposed by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association and other institutional investors as applicable.

Consumer Loans:

Home equity loans and credit lines are made to qualified individuals and are primarily secured by senior or junior mortgage liens on one-to-four family residential properties, including condominiums. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and combined loan to value ratios within established guidelines, as set forth in the Corporation’s policy.

Other consumer loans consist of loans to individuals that are secured by general aviation aircraft and other installment loans made to qualified individuals for various purposes. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income and collateral requirements within established guidelines, as set forth in the Corporation’s policy.