Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments on certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures.  Items recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale, mortgage loans that are originated and intended for sale to the secondary market, and derivatives.  Additionally, from time to time, we may be required to record other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as collateral dependent individually analyzed loans, loan servicing rights, property acquired through foreclosure or repossession, and mortgage loans reclassified to held for sale from portfolio.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.  Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  In addition, GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the types of valuation information, or “inputs”, are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

•Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable in the markets and which reflect the Corporation’s market assumptions.

Fair Value Option Election

GAAP allows for the irrevocable option to elect fair value accounting for the initial and subsequent measurement for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans that are originated and intended for sale to the secondary market to better match changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of the forward sale commitment contracts used to economically hedge them.

The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option:

(Dollars in thousands)
December 31,	2024	2023
Aggregate fair value	$21,708	$20,077
Aggregate principal balance	21,420	19,480
Difference between fair value and principal balance	$288	$597

Changes in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale accounted for under the fair value option election are included in mortgage banking revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). Changes in fair value amounted to a decrease in mortgage banking revenues of $310 thousand in 2024, compared to an increase in mortgage banking revenues of $470 thousand in 2023.

There were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Valuation Techniques for Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Available for Sale Debt Securities

Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of debt securities; such items are classified as Level 1. There were no Level 1 debt securities held at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Level 2 debt securities are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. The fair value of these securities is determined using matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.  This category includes obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including mortgage-backed securities, individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities, and corporate bonds.

Debt securities not actively traded whose fair value is determined through the use of cash flows utilizing inputs that are unobservable are classified as Level 3. There were no Level 3 debt securities held at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

The Corporation has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans that are originated and intended for sale to the secondary market. The fair value is estimated based on current market prices for similar loans in the secondary market and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets.

Derivatives

Interest rate derivative contracts are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available.  Fair value measurements are determined using independent valuation software, which utilizes the present value of future cash flows discounted using market observable inputs such as forward rate assumptions. The Corporation evaluates the credit risk of its counterparties, as well as that of the Corporation.  Accordingly, factors such as the likelihood of default by the Corporation and its counterparties, its net exposures, and remaining contractual life are considered in determining if any fair value adjustments related to credit risk are required.  Counterparty exposure is evaluated by netting positions that are subject to master netting agreements, as well as considering the amount of collateral securing the position, if any. The Corporation has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative positions fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, the credit valuation adjustments utilize Level 3 inputs. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its derivative valuations in their entirety as Level 2.

Fair value measurements of forward loan commitments (interest rate lock commitments and forward sale commitments) are primarily based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market and therefore are classified as Level 2 assets. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is also dependent on the ultimate closing of the loans. Pull-through rates are based on the Corporation’s historical data and reflect the Corporation’s best estimate of the likelihood that a commitment will result in a closed loan. Although the pull-through rates are Level 3 inputs, the Corporation has assessed the significance of the impact of pull-through rates on the overall valuation of its interest rate lock commitments and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, the Corporation has classified its interest rate lock commitments as Level 2.

Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis:

(Dollars in thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government agencies and U.S government-sponsored enterprises	$38,612	$—	$38,612	$—
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	855,147	—	855,147	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	655	—	655	—
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities	9,221	—	9,221	—
Corporate bonds	12,670	—	12,670	—
Mortgage loans held for sale	21,708	—	21,708	—
Derivative assets	54,302	—	54,302	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$992,315	$—	$992,315	$—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$51,663	$—	$51,663	$—
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis	$51,663	$—	$51,663	$—

(Dollars in thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	$225,742	$—	$225,742	$—
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises	753,956	—	753,956	—
Individual name issuer trust preferred debt securities	8,793	—	8,793	—
Corporate bonds	11,889	—	11,889	—
Mortgage loans held for sale	20,077	—	20,077	—
Derivative assets	51,966	—	51,966	—
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	$1,072,423	$—	$1,072,423	$—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$52,814	$—	$52,814	$—
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis	$52,814	$—	$52,814	$—

Valuation Techniques for Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Collateral Dependent Individually Analyzed Loans

Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are valued based upon the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined based on the appraised value of the underlying collateral. Such collateral primarily consists of real estate and, to a lesser extent, other business assets. For collateral dependent loans that are expected to be repaid substantially through the sale of the collateral, management adjusts the fair value for estimated costs to sell. Management may also adjust appraised values to reflect estimated market value declines or apply other discounts to appraised values resulting from its knowledge of the collateral. Internal valuations may be utilized to determine the fair value of other business assets. Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans are categorized as Level 3.

Loan Servicing Rights

Loans sold with the retention of servicing result in the recognition of loan servicing rights. Loan servicing rights are originally recorded at fair value and then amortized as an offset to mortgage banking revenues over the estimated period of servicing. Loan servicing rights are evaluated quarterly for impairment based on their fair value. Impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. Impairment is measured on an aggregated basis by stratifying the loan servicing rights based on homogeneous characteristics such as note rate and loan type. The fair value is estimated using an independent valuation model that estimates the present value of expected cash flows, incorporating assumptions for discount rates and prepayment rates. Loan servicing rights are categorized as Level 3.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Lower of Cost or Market

Following the public offering of common stock by the Corporation disclosed in Note 14 and pursuant to the terms of a sales agreement effective December 30, 2024, the Bank committed to sell residential mortgage loans with an amortized cost balance of $344.6 million that were held in portfolio. These loans were reclassified to held for sale and written down to a fair value of $281.7 million, resulting in a net pre-tax loss of $62.9 million that was recognized in December 2024. The fair value of these loans was based on the terms of the sales agreement with an unrelated third party and therefore are categorized as Level 2. The sale of these loans was completed on January 24, 2025.

Items Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at December 31, 2024, which were written down to fair value during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024:

(Dollars in thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$9,057	$—	$—	$9,057
Mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or market	281,706	—	281,706	—
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$290,763	$—	$281,706	$9,057

The following table presents the carrying value of assets held at December 31, 2023, which were written down to fair value during the year ended December 31, 2023.

(Dollars in thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$8,050	$—	$—	$8,050
Loan servicing rights	8,512	—	—	8,512
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$16,562	$—	$—	$16,562

The following tables present valuation techniques and unobservable inputs for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Inputs Utilized
December 31, 2024
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$9,057	Appraisals of collateral	Discount for costs to sell	14% - 49% (16%)
			Appraisal adjustments	0% - 10% (7%)

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Inputs Utilized (Weighted Average)
December 31, 2023
Collateral dependent individually analyzed loans	$8,050	Appraisals of collateral	Discount for costs to sell	0%
			Appraisal adjustments	0%
Loan servicing rights	8,512	Discounted Cash Flow	Discount Rate	10% - 14% (10%)
			Prepayment rates	6% - 53% (9%)

Items for which Fair Value is Only Disclosed

The estimated fair values and related carrying amounts for financial instruments for which fair value is only disclosed are presented in the tables below:

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Total  Fair Value	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2024
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$113,889	$113,889	$113,889	$—	$—
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans (1)	5,095,878	4,952,110	—	—	4,952,110
FHLB stock	49,817	49,817	—	49,817	—
Investment in BOLI	106,777	106,777	—	106,777	—
Financial Liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	$3,626,152	$3,626,152	$—	$3,626,152	$—
Time deposits	1,489,648	1,479,267	—	1,479,267	—
FHLB advances	1,125,000	1,125,819	—	1,125,819	—
Junior subordinated debentures	22,681	19,602	—	19,602	—

(1)The estimated fair value excludes a $1.5 million negative basis adjustment associated with fair value hedges. See Note 9 for additional disclosure.

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Total  Fair Value	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2023
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$90,184	$90,184	$90,184	$—	$—
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans	5,606,649	5,365,396	—	—	5,365,396
FHLB stock	51,893	51,893	—	51,893	—
Investment in BOLI	103,736	103,736	—	103,736	—
Financial Liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	$3,559,923	$3,559,923	$—	$3,559,923	$—
Time deposits	1,788,237	1,773,643	—	1,773,643	—
FHLB advances	1,190,000	1,192,262	—	1,192,262	—
Junior subordinated debentures	22,681	19,228	—	19,228	—