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Supplemental Oil and Gas Disclosures (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industries Disclosures [Line Items]  
Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure
The following table shows the capitalized costs of natural gas and oil properties and the related accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
(in millions)20192018
Proved properties$23,744  $22,425  
Unproved properties1,506  1,755  
Total capitalized costs25,250  24,180  
Less:  Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization(20,203) (19,761) 
Net capitalized costs$5,047  $4,419  
Composition of Net Unevaluated Costs Excluded from Amortization The table below sets forth the composition of net unevaluated costs excluded from amortization as of December 31, 2019:
(in millions)201920182017PriorTotal
Property acquisition costs$45  $40  $32  $1,106  $1,223  
Exploration and development costs53  23  16  12  104  
Capitalized interest67  47  27  38  179  
$165  $110  $75  $1,156  $1,506  
Cost Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration, and Development Activities Disclosure
The table below sets forth capitalized costs incurred in natural gas and oil property acquisition, exploration and development activities:
(in millions, except per Mcfe amounts)201920182017
Unproved property acquisition costs$162  $164  $194  
Exploration costs  22  
Development costs936  1,014  1,024  
Capitalized costs incurred$1,100  $1,183  $1,240  
Full cost pool amortization per Mcfe$0.56  $0.51  $0.45  
Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities Disclosure
The table below sets forth the results of operations from natural gas and oil producing activities:
໿
(in millions)201920182017
Sales$1,703  $2,525  $2,086  
Production (lifting) costs(781) (974) (891) 
Depreciation, depletion and amortization(462) (514) (440) 
460  1,037  755  
Provision for income taxes (1)
110  —  —  
Results of operations (2)
$350  $1,037  $755  
(1)Prior to the recognition of a valuation allowance, in 2018 and 2017 the Company recognized income tax provisions of $254 million and $287 million, respectively.
(2)Results of operations exclude the gain (loss) on unsettled commodity derivative instruments.  See Note 6.
Summary of Changes in Reserves
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s proved natural gas, oil and NGL reserves for 2019, 2018 and 2017, all of which were located in the United States:໿

Natural Gas
(Bcf)
Oil
(MBbls)
NGL
(MBbls)
Total
(Bcfe)
December 31, 20164,866  10,523  53,931  5,253  
Revisions of previous estimates due to price1,327  3,197  57,447  1,691  
Revisions of previous estimates other than price571  (1,529) 13,102  641  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions (1)
5,159  55,772  432,220  8,087  
Production(797) (2,327) (14,245) (897) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  
December 31, 201711,126  65,636  542,455  14,775  
Revisions of previous estimates due to price96  788  8,912  154  
Revisions of previous estimates other than price316  410  8,855  372  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions753  5,830  36,823  1,009  
Production(807) (3,407) (19,706) (946) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place (2)
(3,440) (250) (276) (3,443) 
December 31, 20188,044  69,007  577,063  11,921  
Revisions of previous estimates due to price(480) (2,041) (37,492) (717) 
Revisions of previous estimates other than price (3)
685  3,707  65,869  1,102  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions992  6,948  26,941  1,195  
Production(609) (4,696) (23,620) (778) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place(2) —  —  (2) 
December 31, 20198,630  72,925  608,761  12,721  
(1)The 2017 PUD additions are primarily associated with the increase in commodity prices.
(2)The 2018 disposition is primarily associated with the Fayetteville Shale sale.
(3)Revisions of previous estimates other than price includes 109 Bcfe of proved undeveloped reserves reclassified to unproved due to changes in the drilling plan, in accordance with the SEC five-year rule.

Natural Gas
(Bcf)
Oil
(MBbls)
NGL
(MBbls)
Total
(Bcfe)
Proved developed reserves as of:            
December 31, 20176,979  14,513  142,213  7,920  
December 31, 20184,395  18,037  175,480  5,557  
December 31, 20194,906  26,124  226,271  6,421  
Proved undeveloped reserves as of:            
December 31, 20174,147  51,123  400,242  6,855  
December 31, 20183,649  50,970  401,583  6,364  
December 31, 20193,724  46,801  382,490  6,300  
The following table summarizes the changes in reserves for 2017, 2018 and 2019:໿
AppalachiaFayetteville  
(in Bcfe)NortheastSouthwest
Shale (1)
Other (2)
Total
December 31, 20161,574  677  2,997   5,253  
Net revisions
Price revisions903  738  49   1,691  
Performance and production revisions154  125  358   641  
Total net revisions1,057  863  407   2,332  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions
Proved developed790  419  48   1,258  
Proved undeveloped1,100  5,186  543  —  6,829  
Total reserve additions1,890  5,605  591   8,087  
Production(395) (183) (316) (3) (897) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  —  
December 31, 20174,126  6,962  3,679   14,775  
Net revisions
Price revisions41  106    154  
Performance and production revisions107  272  (6) (1) 372  
Total net revisions148  378  —  —  526  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions
Proved developed154  22   —  177  
Proved undeveloped397  435  —  —  832  
Total reserve additions551  457   —  1,009  
Production(459) (243) (243) (1) (946) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place—  —  (3,437) (6) (3,443) 
December 31, 20184,366  7,554  —   11,921  
Net revisions
Price revisions(57) (660) —  —  (717) 
Performance and production revisions (3)
127  975  —  —  1,102  
Total net revisions70  315  —  —  385  
Extensions, discoveries and other additions
Proved developed185   —  —  191  
Proved undeveloped677  327  —  —  1,004  
Total reserve additions862  333  —  —  1,195  
Production(459) (319) —  —  (778) 
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  —  —  
Disposition of reserves in place(2) —  —  —  (2) 
December 31, 20194,837  7,883  —   12,721  
(1)The Fayetteville Shale E&P assets and associated reserves were divested in December 2018.
(2)Other includes properties outside of Appalachia and Fayetteville Shale.
(3)Performance and production revisions includes 109 Bcfe of proved undeveloped reserves reclassified to unproved due to changes in the drilling plan, in accordance with the SEC five-year rule.
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves Disclosure
The following standardized measures of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved natural gas, oil and NGL reserves as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are calculated after income taxes, discounted using a 10% annual discount rate and do not purport to present the fair market value of the Company’s proved gas, oil and NGL reserves:
(in millions)201920182017
Future cash inflows$27,003  $34,523  $36,576  
Future production costs(14,981) (15,347) (18,390) 
Future development costs (1)
(3,246) (4,095) (4,676) 
Future income tax expense(476) (2,079) (1,342) 
Future net cash flows8,300  13,002  12,168  
10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows(4,600) (7,003) (6,606) 
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows$3,700  $5,999  $5,562  
(1)Includes abandonment costs.
Schedule of Prices used for Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves Disclosure Prices used for the standardized measure above were as follows:
(in millions)201920182017
Natural gas (per MMBtu)
$2.58  $3.10  $2.98  
Oil (per Bbl)
55.69  65.56  47.79  
NGLs (per Bbl)
11.58  17.64  14.41  
Schedule of Analysis of Changes in Standardized Measure
Following is an analysis of changes in the standardized measure during 2019, 2018 and 2017:
(in millions)201920182017
Standardized measure, beginning of year$5,999  $5,562  $1,665  
Sales and transfers of natural gas and oil produced, net of production costs(923) (1,564) (1,191) 
Net changes in prices and production costs(3,510) 2,162  1,963  
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions, net of future production and development costs234  335  1,715  
Acquisition of reserves in place—  —  —  
Sales of reserves in place(2) (2,022) —  
Revisions of previous quantity estimates152  361  1,721  
Net change in income taxes491  (304) (222) 
Changes in estimated future development costs621  (166) (6) 
Previously estimated development costs incurred during the year704  536  55  
Changes in production rates (timing) and other(718) 521  (304) 
Accretion of discount652  578  166  
Standardized measure, end of year$3,700  $5,999  $5,562