(11) RETIREMENT AND EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

401(k) Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering eligible employees. The Company expensed $3 million, $4 million and $3 million of contribution expense in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Additionally, the Company capitalized $2 million, $2 million and $4 million of contributions in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, directly related to the acquisition, exploration and development activities of the Company’s natural gas and oil properties or directly related to the construction of the Company’s gathering systems.

Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans

Prior to January 1, 1998, the Company maintained a traditional defined benefit plan with benefits payable based upon average final compensation and years of service. Effective January 1, 1998, the Company amended its pension plan to become a “cash balance” plan on a prospective basis for its non-bargaining employees. A cash balance plan provides benefits based upon a fixed percentage of an employee’s annual compensation. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute amounts which are actuarially determined to provide the plans with sufficient assets to meet future benefit payment requirements and which are tax deductible.

The postretirement benefit plan provides contributory health care and life insurance benefits. Employees become eligible for these benefits if they meet age and service requirements. Generally, the benefits paid are a stated percentage of medical expenses reduced by deductibles and other coverages.

Substantially all employees are covered by the Company’s defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans. The Company accounts for its defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans by recognizing the funded status of each defined pension benefit plan and other postretirement benefit plan on the Company’s balance sheet. In the event a plan is overfunded, the Company recognizes an asset. Conversely, if a plan is underfunded, the Company recognizes a liability.

In January 2016, the Company initiated a reduction in workforce that was effectively completed by the end of the first quarter. As a result of the workforce reduction, the Company recognized a $1 million non-cash curtailment loss related to its pension plan for both the curtailment-related decrease to the benefit obligation and the recognition of the proportionate share of unrecognized prior service cost and net loss from other comprehensive income (loss) in the second quarter of 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized a non-cash settlement loss of $11 million related to a total of $37 million of lump sum payments from the pension plan. Additionally, the Company recognized a non-cash curtailment gain of $6 million related to its other postretirement benefit plan in the first quarter of 2016.

The following provides a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations, fair value of assets and funded status as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:


					Other Postretirement
	Pension Benefits				Benefits
(in millions)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Change in benefit obligations:
Benefit obligation at January 1	$	117	$	138	$	13	$	20
Service cost		9		11		2		2
Interest cost		5		5		–		1
Participant contributions		–		–		–		–
Actuarial loss (gain)		21		14		3		(2)
Benefits paid		(9)		(3)		(1)		(1)
Plan amendments		–		–		–		–
Curtailments		–		(8)		–		(7)
Settlements		–		(40)		–		–
Benefit obligation at December 31	$	143	$	117	$	17	$	13


					Other Postretirement
	Pension Benefits				Benefits
(in millions)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at January 1	$	81	$	108	$	–	$	–
Actual return on plan assets		15		3		–		–
Employer contributions		14		10		1		1
Participant contributions		–		–		–		–
Benefits paid		(9)		(3)		(1)		(1)
Settlements		–		(37)		–		–
Fair value of plan assets at December 31	$	101	$	81	$	–	$	–

Funded status of plans at December 31	$	(42)	$	(36)	$	(17)	$	(13)

The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for all of its plans and had liabilities recorded for the underfunded status for each period as presented above.

The pension plans’ projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:


(in millions)	2017		2016
Projected benefit obligation	$	143	$	117
Accumulated benefit obligation		137		116
Fair value of plan assets		101		81

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs include the following components for 2017, 2016 and 2015:


							Other Postretirement
	Pension Benefits						Benefits
(in millions)	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Service cost	$	9	$	11	$	16	$	2	$	2	$	3
Interest cost		5		5		6		–		1		1
Expected return on plan assets		(6)		(6)		(9)		–		–		–
Amortization of transition obligation		–		–		–		–		–		–
Amortization of prior service cost		–		–		–		–		–		–
Amortization of net loss		2		2		2		–		–		–
Net periodic benefit cost		10		12		15		2		3		4
Curtailment loss		–		1		–		–		(6)		–
Settlement loss		–		11		–		–		–		–
Total benefit cost (benefit)	$	10	$	24	$	15	$	2	$	(3)	$	4

Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:


					Other Postretirement
	Pension Benefits				Benefits
(in millions)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Net actuarial (loss) gain arising during the year	$	(11)	$	(13)	$	(2)	$	2
Amortization of prior service cost		–		–		–		–
Amortization of net loss		2		20		–		–
Settlements		–		–		–		1
Tax effect (1)		3		(3)		1		(1)
	$	(6)	$	4	$	(1)	$	2

(1)

Deferred tax activity related to pension and other postretirement benefits was offset by a valuation allowance, resulting in no tax expense recorded for the period.

Included in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was a $42 million loss ($26 million net of tax) and a $31 million loss ($19 million net of tax), respectively, related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans. For the year ended December 31, 2017, $7 million was classified to accumulated other comprehensive income, primarily driven by actuarial loss adjustments. Amortization of prior period service cost reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to general and administrative expenses for the year was immaterial.

The amount in accumulated other comprehensive income that is expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost during 2018 is a $2 million net loss.

The assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s benefit obligations as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:


	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Discount rate	3.75	%	4.20	%	3.75	%	4.20	%
Rate of compensation increase	3.50	%	3.50	%	n/a		n/a	%

The assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost for 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:


	Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Discount rate	4.20	%	4.20	%	4.25	%	4.20	%	4.20	%	4.25	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	7.00	%	n/a		n/a		n/a
Rate of compensation increase	3.50	%	3.50	%	4.50	%	n/a		n/a		n/a

The expected return on plan assets for the various benefit plans is based upon a review of the historical returns experienced, combined with the future expected returns based upon the asset allocation strategy employed. The plans seek to achieve an adequate return to fund the obligations in a manner consistent with the federal standards of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and with a prudent level of diversification.

For measurement purposes, the following trend rates were assumed for 2017 and 2016:


	2017	2016
Health care cost trend assumed for next year	7%	7%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline	5%	5%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2035	2034

Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts for the health care plans. A one percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:


(in millions)		1% Increase		1% Decrease
Effect on the total service and interest cost components	$	–	$	–
Effect on postretirement benefit obligations	$	3	$	(2)

Pension Payments and Asset Management

In 2017, the Company contributed $14 million to its pension plans and $1 million to its other postretirement benefit plan. The Company expects to contribute $13 million to its pension and other postretirement benefit plans in 2018.

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid:


Pension Benefits			Other Postretirement Benefits
(in millions)
2018	$	6	2018	$	1
2019		6	2019		1
2020		7	2020		1
2021		8	2021		1
2022		8	2022		1
Years 2023-2027		52	Years 2023-2027		7

The Company’s overall investment strategy is to provide an adequate pool of assets to support both the long-term growth of plan assets and to ensure adequate liquidity exists for the near-term payment of benefit obligations to participants, retirees and beneficiaries. The Benefits Administration Committee of the Company, appointed by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, administers the Company’s pension plan assets. The Benefits Administration Committee believes long-term investment performance is a function of asset-class mix and restricts the composition of pension plan assets to a combination of cash and cash equivalents, domestic equity markets, international equity markets or investment grade fixed income assets.

The table below presents the allocations targeted by the Benefits Administration Committee and the actual weighted-average asset allocation of the Company’s pension plan as of December 31, 2017, by asset category. The asset allocation targets are subject to change and the Benefits Administration Committee allows for its actual allocations to deviate from target as a result of current and anticipated market conditions. Plan assets are periodically balanced whenever the allocation to any asset class falls outside of the specified range.


	Pension Plan Asset Allocations
Asset category:	Target		Actual
Equity securities:
U.S. Equity (1)	35	%	36	%
Non-U.S. Developed Equity (2)	30	%	30	%
Emerging Markets Equity (3)	5	%	5	%
Opportunistic (4)	–	%	–	%
Fixed income (5)	28	%	27	%
Cash (6)	2	%	2	%
Total	100	%	100	%

(1) Includes the following equity securities in the table below: U.S. large cap growth equity, U.S. large cap value equity, U.S. large cap core equity, and U.S. small cap equity.

(2) Includes Non-U.S. equity securities in the table below.

(3) Includes emerging markets equity securities below.

(4) Includes none of the securities in the table below.

(5) Includes fixed income pension plan assets in the table below.

(6) Includes Cash and cash equivalents pension plan assets in the table below.

Utilizing the fair value hierarchy described in Note 6 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company’s fair value measurement of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2017 is as follows:


(in millions)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Measured within fair value hierarchy
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap growth equity (1)	$	7	$	7	$	–	$	–
U.S. large cap value equity (2)		8		8		–		–
U.S. small cap equity (3)		3		3		–		–
Non-U.S. equity (4)		30		30		–		–
Emerging markets equity (5)		5		5		–		–
Fixed income (6)		27		27		–		–
Cash and cash equivalents		3		3		–		–
Total measured within fair value hierarchy	$	83	$	83	$	–	$	–
Measured at net asset value (7)
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap core equity (8)		18
Total measured at net asset value	$	18

Total plan assets at fair value	$	101

Utilizing the fair value hierarchy described in Note 6 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company’s fair value measurement of pension plan assets at December 31, 2016 was as follows:


(in millions)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Measured within fair value hierarchy
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap growth equity (1)	$	6	$	6	$	–	$	–
U.S. large cap value equity (2)		6		6		–		–
U.S. small cap equity (3)		3		3		–		–
Non-U.S. equity (4)		23		23		–		–
Emerging markets equity (5)		4		4		–		–
Fixed income (6)		21		21		–		–
Cash and cash equivalents		4		4		–		–
Total measured within fair value hierarchy	$	67	$	67	$	–	$	–
Measured at net asset value (7)
Equity securities:
U.S. large cap core equity (8)		14
Total measured at net asset value	$	14

Total plan assets at fair value	$	81

(1)

Mutual fund that seeks to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks with price appreciation growth opportunities.

(2)

Mutual fund that seeks to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks that will increase in value over the long-term as well as provide current income.

(3)

Mutual fund that seeks to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks with small market capitalizations.

(4)

Mutual funds that invest primarily in equity securities of companies domiciled outside of the United States, primarily in developed markets.

(5)

An institutional fund that invests primarily in the equity securities of companies domiciled in emerging markets.

(6)

Institutional funds that seek an investment return that approximates, as closely as practicable, before expenses, the performance of the Barclays U.S. Intermediate Credit Bond Index over the long term and the Barclays Long U.S. Corporate Bond Index over the long-term.

(7)

Plan assets for which fair value was measured using net asset value as a practical expedient.

(8)

An institutional fund that seeks to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 Index before fees.

The Company’s pension plan assets that are classified as Level 1 are the investments comprised of either cash or investments in open-ended mutual funds which produce a daily net asset value that is validated with a sufficient level of observable activity to support classification of the fair value measurement as Level 1. Due to the Company’s implementation of Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-07, assets measured using net asset value as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. No concentration of risk arising within or across categories of plan assets exists due to any significant investments in a single entity, industry, country or investment fund.