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Investments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Investments [Abstract] 
Investments

2.  Investments

 

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

 

The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, estimated fair value of the Company's fixed maturity and equity securities and the percentage that each sector represents by the respective total holdings for the periods shown. The unrealized loss amounts presented below include the noncredit loss component of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses:

   September 30, 2011 
   Cost or Gross Unrealized Estimated   
   Amortized    Temporary OTTI Fair % of 
   Cost Gains Losses Losses Value Total 
                    
   (In millions)   
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
U.S. corporate securities $16,139 $1,471 $231 $0 $17,379 36.1%
U.S. Treasury and agency securities  7,410  1,167  3  0  8,574 17.8 
Foreign corporate securities  7,665  586  116  0  8,135 16.9 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”)  6,425  348  128  102  6,543 13.6 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”)  2,157  96  19  0  2,234 4.7 
State and political subdivision securities  1,906  224  62  0  2,068 4.3 
Asset-backed securities (“ABS”)  2,072  47  88  14  2,017 4.2 
Foreign government securities  965  170  3  0  1,132 2.4 
 Total fixed maturity securities (1), (2) $44,739 $4,109 $650 $116 $48,082 100.0%
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Non-redeemable preferred stock (1) $148 $5 $27 $0 $126 50.0%
Common stock  126  9  9  0  126 50.0 
 Total equity securities $274 $14 $36 $0 $252 100.0%

   December 31, 2010 
   Cost or Gross Unrealized Estimated   
   Amortized    Temporary OTTI Fair % of 
   Cost Gains Losses Losses Value Total 
                    
   (In millions)   
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
U.S. corporate securities $14,860 $816 $302 $0 $15,374 34.2%
U.S. Treasury and agency securities  7,665  143  132  0  7,676 17.1 
Foreign corporate securities  8,095  502  127  0  8,470 18.8 
RMBS  6,803  203  218  79  6,709 14.9 
CMBS  2,203  113  39  0  2,277 5.1 
State and political subdivision securities  1,755  22  131  0  1,646 3.7 
ABS  1,927  44  95  7  1,869 4.2 
Foreign government securities  824  81  2  0  903 2.0 
 Total fixed maturity securities (1), (2) $44,132 $1,924 $1,046 $86 $44,924 100.0%
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Non-redeemable preferred stock (1) $306 $9 $47 $0 $268 66.2%
Common stock  121  17  1  0  137 33.8 
 Total equity securities $427 $26 $48 $0 $405 100.0%

____________

 

  •        Upon acquisition, the Company classifies perpetual securities that have attributes of both debt and equity as fixed maturity securities if the security has an interest rate step-up feature which, when combined with other qualitative factors, indicates that the security has more debt-like characteristics; while those with more equity-like characteristics are classified as equity securities within non-redeemable preferred stock. Many of such securities have been issued by non-U.S. financial institutions that are accorded Tier 1 and Upper Tier 2 capital treatment by their respective regulatory bodies and are commonly referred to as “perpetual hybrid securities.” The following table presents the perpetual hybrid securities held by the Company at:

       September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       Estimated Estimated
 Classification Fair Fair
 Consolidated Balance Sheets Sector Table  Primary Issuers  Value  Value
            
       (In millions)
            
 Fixed maturity securities Foreign corporate securities Non-U.S. financial institutions $147 $450
 Fixed maturity securities U.S. corporate securities U.S. financial institutions $10 $10
 Equity securities Non-redeemable preferred stock Non-U.S. financial institutions $56 $202
 Equity securities Non-redeemable preferred stock U.S. financial institutions $53 $35

____________

 

  • The Company's holdings in redeemable preferred stock with stated maturity dates, commonly referred to as “capital securities,” were primarily issued by U.S. financial institutions and have cumulative interest deferral features. The Company held $489 million and $645 million at estimated fair value of such securities at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, which are included in the U.S. and foreign corporate securities sectors within fixed maturity securities.

The below investment grade and non-income producing amounts presented below are based on rating agency designations and equivalent designations of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC), with the exception of certain structured securities described below held by MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its domestic insurance subsidiary. Non-agency RMBS, CMBS and ABS held by these companies, are presented based on ratings from the revised NAIC rating methodologies for structured securities (which may not correspond to rating agency designations). Currently, the NAIC evaluates structured securities held by insurers using the revised NAIC rating methodologies on an annual basis. If such companies acquire structured securities that have not been previously evaluated by the NAIC, but are expected to be evaluated by the NAIC in the upcoming annual review, an internally developed rating is used for interim reporting. All NAIC designation (e.g., NAIC 1 — 6) amounts and percentages presented herein are based on the revised NAIC methodologies. All rating agency designation (e.g., Aaa/AAA) amounts and percentages presented herein are based on rating agency designations without adjustment for the revised NAIC methodologies described above. Rating agency designations are based on availability of applicable ratings from rating agencies on the NAIC acceptable rating organization list, including Moody's Investors Service (“Moody's”), Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”).

The following table presents selected information about certain fixed maturity securities held by the Company at:

   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
        
   (In millions)
        
Below investment grade or non-rated fixed maturity securities:      
 Estimated fair value $3,659 $4,027
 Net unrealized gains (losses) $(201) $(125)
Non-income producing fixed maturity securities:      
 Estimated fair value $5 $36
 Net unrealized gains (losses) $(1) $2

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Fixed Maturity Securities) — Summary.  The following section contains a summary of the concentrations of credit risk related to fixed maturity securities holdings.

 

The Company was not exposed to any concentrations of credit risk of any single issuer greater than 10% of the Company's stockholders' equity, other than the government and agency securities summarized in the table below.

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Government and Agency Securities).  The following section contains a summary of the concentrations of credit risk related to government and agency fixed maturity and fixed-income securities holdings which were greater than 10% of the Company's equity at:

   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
        
   Carrying Value (1)
        
   (In millions)
        
U.S. Treasury and agency fixed maturity securities $8,574 $7,676
U.S. Treasury and agency fixed-income securities included in:      
 Short-term investments $2,762 $935
 Cash equivalents $353 $1,287

____________

 

 

  • Represents estimated fair value for fixed maturity securities; amortized cost, which approximates estimated fair value or estimated fair value, if available, for short-term investments; and amortized cost, which approximates estimated fair value, for cash equivalents.

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Fixed Maturity Securities) — U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities.  The Company maintains a diversified portfolio of corporate fixed maturity securities across industries and issuers. This portfolio does not have an exposure to any single issuer in excess of 1% of total investments. The tables below present information for U.S. and foreign corporate securities at:

    September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
    Estimated    Estimated   
    Fair % of  Fair % of 
    Value Total  Value Total 
               
    (In millions)    (In millions)   
               
Corporate fixed maturity securities — by sector:            
 Foreign corporate fixed maturity securities (1) $8,135 31.9% $8,470 35.5%
U.S. corporate fixed maturity securities — by industry:            
 Consumer  4,383 17.2   3,893 16.3 
 Industrial  3,841 15.0   3,282 13.7 
 Utility  3,435 13.5   3,379 14.2 
 Finance  3,111 12.2   2,569 10.8 
 Communications  1,706 6.7   1,444 6.1 
 Other  903 3.5   807 3.4 
  Total $25,514 100.0% $23,844 100.0%

____________

 

 

  • Includes U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations of foreign obligors and other foreign fixed maturity securities.

   September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
   Estimated    Estimated   
   Fair % of Total  Fair % of Total 
   Value  Investments   Value  Investments  
              
   (In millions)    (In millions)   
              
Concentrations within corporate fixed maturity securities:            
 Largest exposure to a single issuer  $267 0.4% $252 0.4%
 Holdings in ten issuers with the largest exposures  $1,711 2.4% $1,683 2.5%

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Fixed Maturity Securities) — RMBS.  The table below presents information on the Company's RMBS holdings at:

    September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
    Estimated    Estimated   
    Fair % of  Fair % of 
    Value  Total   Value  Total  
               
    (In millions)    (In millions)   
               
By security type:            
 Collateralized mortgage obligations  $3,389 51.8% $3,243 48.3%
 Pass-through securities   3,154 48.2   3,466 51.7 
  Total RMBS  $6,543 100.0% $6,709 100.0%
               
By risk profile:            
 Agency  $4,765 72.8% $5,080 75.7%
 Prime   1,076 16.5   1,023 15.3 
 Alternative residential mortgage loans   702 10.7   606 9.0 
  Total RMBS  $6,543 100.0% $6,709 100.0%
               
Rated Aaa/AAA  $4,815 73.6% $5,254 78.3%
               
Rated NAIC 1  $5,494 84.0% $5,618 83.7%

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2010 Annual Report for a description of the security types and risk profile.

 

The following tables present information on the Company's investment in alternative residential mortgage loans (“Alt-A”) RMBS at:

   September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
   Estimated    Estimated   
   Fair % of  Fair % of 
   Value  Total   Value  Total  
              
   (In millions)    (In millions)   
              
Vintage Year:            
2005 & Prior $348 49.6% $311 51.3%
2006  175 24.9   88 14.6 
2007  179 25.5   207 34.1 
2008 to 2011  0 0.0   0 0.0 
 Total $702 100.0% $606 100.0%

    September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
      % of    % of 
    Amount Total   Amount Total  
               
    (In millions)    (In millions)   
               
Net unrealized gains (losses) $(155)    $(141)   
Rated Aa/AA or better    0.5%    1.5%
Rated NAIC 1    29.8%    14.9%
Distribution of holdings — at estimated fair value — by collateral type:            
 Fixed rate mortgage loans collateral    97.4%    96.1%
 Hybrid adjustable rate mortgage loans collateral    2.6     3.9 
  Total Alt-A RMBS    100.0%    100.0%

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Fixed Maturity Securities) — CMBS.  The following tables present information about CMBS held by the Company at:

   September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
   Estimated    Estimated   
   Fair % of  Fair % of 
   Value  Total   Value  Total  
              
   (In millions)    (In millions)   
              
Vintage Year:            
2003 & Prior $717 32.1% $947 41.6%
2004  427 19.1   442 19.4 
2005  452 20.2   431 18.9 
2006  515 23.1   442 19.4 
2007  39 1.7   15 0.7 
2008 to 2011  84 3.8   0 0.0 
 Total $2,234 100.0% $2,277 100.0%
              
   September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
     % of    % of 
   Amount Total   Amount Total  
              
   (In millions)    (In millions)   
              
Net unrealized gains (losses) $77    $74   
Rated Aaa/AAA    89%    88%
Rated NAIC 1    96%    95%

The tables above reflect rating agency designations assigned by nationally recognized rating agencies including Moody's, S&P, Fitch and Realpoint, LLC.

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Fixed Maturity Securities) — ABS.  The Company's ABS are diversified both by collateral type and by issuer. The following table presents information about ABS held by the Company at:

    September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
    Estimated    Estimated   
    Fair % of  Fair % of 
    Value  Total   Value  Total  
               
    (In millions)    (In millions)   
               
By collateral type:            
 Credit card loans  $483 23.9% $753 40.3%
 Collateralized debt obligations  364 18.1   254 13.5 
 Automobile loans   222 11.0   98 5.3 
 RMBS backed by sub-prime mortgage loans   211 10.5   247 13.2 
 Student loans   184 9.1   174 9.3 
 Utility loans   171 8.5   157 8.4 
 Other loans   382 18.9   186 10.0 
  Total  $2,017 100.0% $1,869 100.0%
               
Rated Aaa/AAA  $1,266 62.8% $1,251 66.9%
               
Rated NAIC 1  $1,879 93.2% $1,699 90.9%

Concentrations of Credit Risk (Equity Securities).  The Company was not exposed to any concentrations of credit risk in its equity securities holdings of any single issuer greater than 10% of the Company's stockholders' equity or 1% of total investments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities.  The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date (excluding scheduled sinking funds), were as follows at:

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
      Estimated   Estimated
    Amortized Fair Amortized Fair
    Cost  Value  Cost  Value
               
    (In millions)
               
Due in one year or less $2,369 $2,384 $1,874 $1,889
Due after one year through five years  9,917  10,288  9,340  9,672
Due after five years through ten years  7,723  8,319  7,829  8,333
Due after ten years  14,076  16,297  14,156  14,175
 Subtotal  34,085  37,288  33,199  34,069
RMBS, CMBS and ABS  10,654  10,794  10,933  10,855
  Total fixed maturity securities $44,739 $48,082 $44,132 $44,924

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been included in the above table in the year of final contractual maturity. RMBS, CMBS and ABS are shown separately in the table, as they are not due at a single maturity.

Evaluating Available-for-Sale Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

 

As described more fully in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2010 Annual Report, the Company performs a regular evaluation, on a security-by-security basis, of its available-for-sale securities holdings, including fixed maturity securities, equity securities and perpetual hybrid securities, in accordance with its impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.

Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)

 

The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), were as follows:

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
         
    (In millions)
         
Fixed maturity securities $3,453 $878
Fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses in accumulated other comprehensive      
 income (loss)  (116)  (86)
  Total fixed maturity securities  3,337  792
Equity securities  (21)  (21)
Derivatives  238  (109)
Short-term investments  (2)  (2)
Other  (6)  (3)
  Subtotal  3,546  657
Amounts allocated from:      
 Insurance liability loss recognition  (143)  (33)
 DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in accumulated other      
  comprehensive income (loss)  9  5
 DAC and VOBA  (518)  (126)
  Subtotal  (652)  (154)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized      
 in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  39  30
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)  (1,032)  (196)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) $1,901 $337

The changes in fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), were as follows:

  September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       
  (In millions)
       
Balance, beginning of period $(86) $(141)
Noncredit OTTI losses recognized (1)  5  (53)
Transferred to retained earnings (2)  0  16
Securities sold with previous noncredit OTTI loss  22  28
Subsequent changes in estimated fair value  (57)  64
Balance, end of period  $(116) $(86)

____________

 

  • Noncredit OTTI losses recognized, net of DAC, were $9 million and ($44) million for the periods ended September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
  • Amounts transferred to retained earnings were in connection with the adoption of guidance related to the consolidation of VIEs as described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2010 Annual Report.

The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows:

    Nine Months
    Ended
    September 30, 2011
      
    (In millions)
      
Balance, beginning of period  $337
Fixed maturity securities on which noncredit OTTI losses have been recognized   (30)
Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the period   2,919
Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to:   
 Insurance liability gain (loss) recognition   (110)
 DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in accumulated other   
  comprehensive income (loss)  4
 DAC and VOBA   (392)
 Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in accumulated other   
  comprehensive income (loss)  9
 Deferred income tax benefit (expense)   (836)
Balance, end of period  $1,901
      
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)  $1,564

Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses and OTTI Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale by Sector

 

The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of the Company's fixed maturity and equity securities in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position. The unrealized loss amounts presented below include the noncredit component of OTTI loss. Fixed maturity securities on which a noncredit OTTI loss has been recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are categorized by length of time as being “less than 12 months” or “equal to or greater than 12 months” in a continuous unrealized loss position based on the point in time that the estimated fair value initially declined to below the amortized cost basis and not the period of time since the unrealized loss was deemed a noncredit OTTI loss.

   September 30, 2011
         Equal to or Greater      
   Less than 12 Months  than 12 Months  Total
   Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross
   Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
   Value  Losses Value  Losses Value  Losses
                    
   (In millions, except number of securities)
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
U.S. corporate securities $1,751 $74 $848 $157 $2,599 $231
U.S. Treasury and agency securities  1,678  2  20  1  1,698  3
Foreign corporate securities  1,360  71  157  45  1,517  116
RMBS  543  70  895  160  1,438  230
CMBS  446  8  105  11  551  19
State and political subdivision securities  42  2  350  60  392  62
ABS  715  37  346  65  1,061  102
Foreign government securities  69  3  3  0  72  3
 Total fixed maturity securities $6,604 $267 $2,724 $499 $9,328 $766
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Non-redeemable preferred stock $45 $7 $51 $20 $96 $27
Common stock  20  9  0  0  20  9
 Total equity securities $65 $16 $51 $20 $116 $36
                    
Total number of securities in an                  
 unrealized loss position  846     474         

   December 31, 2010
         Equal to or Greater      
   Less than 12 Months  than 12 Months  Total
   Estimated Gross Estimated Gross Estimated Gross
   Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
   Value  Losses Value  Losses Value  Losses
                    
   (In millions, except number of securities)
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
U.S. corporate securities $1,956 $56 $1,800 $246 $3,756 $302
U.S. Treasury and agency securities  2,857  113  85  19  2,942  132
Foreign corporate securities  727  24  816  103  1,543  127
RMBS  2,228  59  1,368  238  3,596  297
CMBS  68  1  237  38  305  39
State and political subdivision securities  716  36  352  95  1,068  131
ABS  245  5  590  97  835  102
Foreign government securities  49  1  9  1  58  2
 Total fixed maturity securities $8,846 $295 $5,257 $837 $14,103 $1,132
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Non-redeemable preferred stock $26 $5 $187 $42 $213 $47
Common stock  9  1  0  0  9  1
 Total equity securities $35 $6 $187 $42 $222 $48
                    
Total number of securities in an                  
 unrealized loss position  759     637         

Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses and OTTI Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

 

The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized losses, including the portion of OTTI loss on fixed maturity securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), gross unrealized losses as a percentage of cost or amortized cost and number of securities for fixed maturity and equity securities where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%, or 20% or more at:

   September 30, 2011
   Cost or Amortized Cost  Gross Unrealized Losses  Number of Securities
   Less than 20% or Less than  20% or  Less than 20% or
   20% more  20%  more   20% more
                    
   (In millions, except number of securities)
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
Less than six months $6,289 $837 $174  $225  730 81
Six months or greater but less than nine months  145  37  8   11  25 7
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months  172  93  5   25  40 3
Twelve months or greater  2,254  267  205   113  370 36
 Total $8,860 $1,234 $392  $374     
Percentage of amortized cost        4%  30%    
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Less than six months $37 $60 $3  $22  16 9
Six months or greater but less than nine months  0  0  0   0  0 1
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months  12  0  1   0  5 1
Twelve months or greater  26  17  4   6  4 4
 Total $75 $77 $8  $28     
Percentage of cost        11%  36%    

   December 31, 2010
   Cost or Amortized Cost  Gross Unrealized Losses  Number of Securities
   Less than 20% or Less than  20% or  Less than 20% or
   20% more  20%  more   20%more
                    
   (In millions, except number of securities)
                    
Fixed Maturity Securities:                  
Less than six months $8,882 $439 $268  $109  686 43
Six months or greater but less than nine months  152  40  6   13  30 10
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months  48  25  2   11  11 3
Twelve months or greater  4,768  881  450   273  475 101
 Total $13,850 $1,385 $726  $406     
Percentage of amortized cost        5%  29%    
                    
Equity Securities:                  
Less than six months $31 $30 $4  $7  8 12
Six months or greater but less than nine months  0  3  0   1  0 1
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months  5  7  0   2  1 1
Twelve months or greater  150  44  18   16  12 5
 Total $186 $84 $22  $26     
Percentage of cost        12%  31%    

Equity securities with gross unrealized losses of 20% or more for twelve months or greater decreased from $16 million at December 31, 2010 to $6 million at September 30, 2011. As shown in the section “ Evaluating Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities” below, all of the equity securities with gross unrealized losses of 20% or more for twelve months or greater at September 30, 2011 were financial services industry investment grade non-redeemable preferred stock, of which 33% were rated A or better.

Concentration of Gross Unrealized Losses and OTTI Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale

 

The Company's gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity securities, including the portion of OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were $802 million and $1.2 billion at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The concentration, calculated as a percentage of gross unrealized losses (including OTTI losses), by sector and industry was as follows at:

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
           
Sector:        
 U.S. corporate securities  29%  26%
 RMBS  29   25 
 Foreign corporate securities  14   11 
 ABS  13   9 
 State and political subdivision securities  8   11 
 CMBS  2   3 
 U.S. Treasury and agency securities  0   11 
 Other  5   4 
  Total  100%  100%
           
Industry:        
 Mortgage-backed  31%  28%
 Finance  22   19 
 Asset-backed  13   9 
 State and political subdivision securities  8   11 
 Consumer  8   5 
 Utility  4   3 
 Communications  4   2 
 Transportation  3   1 
 Industrial  2   1 
 U.S. Treasury and agency securities  0   11 
 Other  5   10 
  Total  100%  100%

Evaluating Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities

 

The following table presents the Company's fixed maturity and equity securities, each with gross unrealized losses of greater than $10 million, the number of securities, total gross unrealized losses and percentage of total gross unrealized losses at:

  September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
  Fixed Maturity Equity Fixed Maturity Equity
  Securities  Securities  Securities  Securities
                 
  (In millions, except number of securities) 
                 
Number of securities  10   0   15   0 
Total gross unrealized losses $158  $0  $210  $0 
Percentage of total gross unrealized losses  21%  0%  19%  0%

Fixed maturity and equity securities, each with gross unrealized losses greater than $10 million, decreased $52 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The decline in, or improvement in, gross unrealized losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was primarily attributable to a decrease in interest rates, partially offset by increasing credit spreads. These securities were included in the Company's OTTI review process. Based upon the Company's current evaluation of these securities and other available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position in accordance with its impairment policy, and the Company's current intentions and assessments (as applicable to the type of security) about holding, selling and any requirements to sell these securities, the Company has concluded that these securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired.

 

In the Company's impairment review process, the duration and severity of an unrealized loss position for equity securities are given greater weight and consideration than for fixed maturity securities. An extended and severe unrealized loss position on a fixed maturity security may not have any impact on the ability of the issuer to service all scheduled interest and principal payments and the Company's evaluation of recoverability of all contractual cash flows or the ability to recover an amount at least equal to its amortized cost based on the present value of the expected future cash flows to be collected. In contrast, for an equity security, greater weight and consideration are given by the Company to a decline in market value and the likelihood such market value decline will recover.

 

The following table presents certain information about the Company's equity securities available-for-sale with gross unrealized losses of 20% or more at September 30, 2011:

      Non-Redeemable Preferred Stock
      All Types of               
   All Equity Non-Redeemable Investment Grade
   Securities Preferred Stock All Industries Financial Services Industry
   Gross Gross % of All Gross % of All Gross    % A 
   Unrealized Unrealized Equity Unrealized Non-Redeemable Unrealized % of All Rated or
   Losses Losses Securities Losses Preferred Stock Losses Industries Better
                          
   (In millions)    (In millions)    (In millions)      
                          
Less than six months $22 $14 64% $10 71% $10 100% 90%
Six months or greater but less                        
 than twelve months  0  0 0%  0 0%  0 0% 0%
Twelve months or greater  6  6 100%  6 100%  6 100% 33%
All equity securities with                        
 gross unrealized losses of                        
  20% or more $28 $20 71% $16 80% $16 100% 69%

In connection with the equity securities impairment review process, the Company evaluated its holdings in non-redeemable preferred stock, particularly those in the financial services industry. The Company considered several factors including whether there has been any deterioration in credit of the issuer and the likelihood of recovery in value of non-redeemable preferred stock with a severe or an extended unrealized loss. The Company also considered whether any issuers of non-redeemable preferred stock with an unrealized loss held by the Company, regardless of credit rating, have deferred any dividend payments. No such dividend payments had been deferred.

 

With respect to common stock holdings, the Company considered the duration and severity of the unrealized losses for securities in an unrealized loss position of 20% or more; and the duration of unrealized losses for securities in an unrealized loss position of less than 20% in an extended unrealized loss position (i.e., 12 months or greater).

 

Future OTTIs will depend primarily on economic fundamentals, issuer performance (including changes in the present value of future cash flows expected to be collected), changes in credit ratings, changes in collateral valuation, changes in interest rates and changes in credit spreads. If economic fundamentals and any of the above factors deteriorate, additional OTTIs may be incurred in upcoming quarters.

Other Securities

 

The table below presents certain information about the Company's securities for which the fair value option (“FVO”) has been elected:

   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
        
   (In millions)
        
FVO general account securities $47 $7
FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments  3,110  2,240
 Total other securities — at estimated fair value $3,157 $2,247

See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2010 Annual Report for discussion of FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments. See “— Net Investment Income” for the net investment income recognized on other securities and the related changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase included in net investment income.

Net Investment Gains (Losses)

 

The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows:

     Three Months Nine Months
     Ended Ended
     September 30, September 30,
     2011 2010 2011 2010
                
     (In millions)
                
Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities:            
Total OTTI losses recognized $(5) $(24) $(35) $(77)
Less: Noncredit portion of OTTI losses transferred to and recognized in other             
 comprehensive income (loss)  (9)  13  (5)  36
 Net OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in earnings  (14)  (11)  (40)  (41)
 Fixed maturity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals  79  12  61  74
  Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities  65  1  21  33
Other net investment gains (losses):            
 Equity securities  (1)  2  (24)  21
 Mortgage loans  8  (1)  26  (16)
 Real estate and real estate joint ventures  (1)  0  (1)  (19)
 Other limited partnership interests  (2)  (2)  (4)  (12)
 Other investment portfolio gains (losses)  (2)  3  (7)  10
  Subtotal — investment portfolio gains (losses)  67  3  11  17
FVO consolidated securitization entities ("CSEs") — changes in estimated fair value:            
 Commercial mortgage loans  (64)  114  (39)  767
 Long-term debt — related to commercial mortgage loans  55  (108)  44  (755)
Other gains (losses)  0  0  1  67
  Subtotal FVO CSEs and other gains (losses)  (9)  6  6  79
   Total net investment gains (losses) $58 $9 $17 $96

See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs included in the table above. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of affiliated net investment gains (losses) related to transfers of invested assets to affiliates.

 

Gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions included within net investment gains (losses) were ($2) million and ($5) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, and $2 million and $78 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.

Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity and equity securities and the components of fixed maturity and equity securities net investment gains (losses) were as shown below. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis.

     Three Months Ended September 30,
     2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010
                      
     Fixed Maturity Securities  Equity Securities  Total
                      
     (In millions)
                      
Proceeds $3,697 $2,633 $19 $10 $3,716 $2,643
                      
Gross investment gains $92 $33 $0 $2 $92 $35
Gross investment losses  (13)  (21)  0  0  (13)  (21)
Total OTTI losses recognized in earnings:                  
 Credit-related  (14)  (10)  0  0  (14)  (10)
 Other (1)  0  (1)  (1)  0  (1)  (1)
  Total OTTI losses recognized in earnings  (14)  (11)  (1)  0  (15)  (11)
   Net investment gains (losses) $65 $1 $(1) $2 $64 $3

     Nine Months Ended September 30,
     2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010
                      
     Fixed Maturity Securities  Equity Securities  Total
                      
     (In millions)
                      
Proceeds $8,739 $7,897 $163 $89 $8,902 $7,986
                      
Gross investment gains $143 $164 $5 $22 $148 $186
Gross investment losses  (82)  (90)  (22)  (1)  (104)  (91)
Total OTTI losses recognized in earnings:                  
 Credit-related  (31)  (39)  0  0  (31)  (39)
 Other (1)  (9)  (2)  (7)  0  (16)  (2)
  Total OTTI losses recognized in earnings  (40)  (41)  (7)  0  (47)  (41)
   Net investment gains (losses) $21 $33 $(24) $21 $(3) $54

____________

 

  • Other OTTI losses recognized in earnings include impairments on equity securities, impairments on perpetual hybrid securities classified within fixed maturity securities where the primary reason for the impairment was the severity and/or the duration of an unrealized loss position and fixed maturity securities where there is an intent to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the decline in estimated fair value.

Fixed maturity security OTTI losses recognized in earnings related to the following sectors and industries within the U.S. and foreign corporate securities sector:

     Three Months Nine Months
     Ended Ended
     September 30, September 30,
     2011 2010 2011 2010
                
     (In millions)
                
Sector:            
U.S. and foreign corporate securities — by industry:            
 Finance $0 $5 $9 $7
 Communications  5  1  9  4
 Consumer  0  0  0  9
 Utility  0  0  0  2
  Total U.S. and foreign corporate securities  5  6  18  22
RMBS  9  3  14  10
ABS  0  1  5  1
CMBS  0  1  3  8
   Total  $14 $11 $40 $41

Equity security OTTI losses recognized in earnings related to the following sectors and industries:

   Three Months Nine Months
   Ended Ended
   September 30, September 30,
   2011 2010 2011 2010
              
   (In millions)
              
Sector:            
Non-redeemable preferred stock $0 $0 $6 $0
Common stock  1  0  1  0
 Total $1 $0 $7 $0
              
Industry:            
Financial services industry — perpetual hybrid securities $0 $0 $6 $0
Other industries  1  0  1  0
 Total $1 $0 $7 $0

Credit Loss Rollforward — Rollforward of the Cumulative Credit Loss Component of OTTI Loss Recognized in Earnings on Fixed Maturity Securities Still Held for Which a Portion of the OTTI Loss Was Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

The table below presents a rollforward of the cumulative credit loss component of OTTI loss recognized in earnings on fixed maturity securities still held by the Company for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):

    Three Months Nine Months
    Ended Ended
    September 30, September 30,
    2011 2010 2011 2010
               
    (In millions)
               
Balance, beginning of period $46 $68 $63 $213
Additions:            
 Initial impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities not            
  previously impaired  2  2  6  5
 Additional impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities            
  previously impaired  8  2  12  8
Reductions:            
 Due to sales (maturities, pay downs or prepayments) during the period of            
  securities previously impaired as credit loss OTTI   (1)  (8)  (5)  (60)
 Due to securities de-recognized in connection with the adoption of new            
  guidance related to the consolidation of VIEs  0  0  0  (100)
 Due to securities impaired to net present value of expected future             
  cash flows  (1)  0  (21)  0
 Due to increases in cash flows — accretion of previous credit loss OTTI  0  0  (1)  (2)
Balance, end of period $54 $64 $54 $64

Net Investment Income

 

The components of net investment income were as follows:

      Three Months Nine Months
      Ended Ended
      September 30, September 30,
      2011 2010 2011 2010
                 
      (In millions)
                 
Investment income:            
 Fixed maturity securities $541 $524 $1,614 $1,578
 Equity securities  1  1  8  10
 Other securities — FVO general account securities (1)  0  0  1  0
 Mortgage loans  86  78  257  218
 Policy loans  16  17  47  50
 Real estate and real estate joint ventures  10  24  12  (1)
 Other limited partnership interests  47  36  167  138
 Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments  2  5  5  8
 International joint ventures  2  (2)  3  (4)
 Other  2  (8)  7  3
   Subtotal  707  675  2,121  2,000
  Less: Investment expenses  22  26  73  72
   Subtotal, net  685  649  2,048  1,928
 Other securities — FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments (1)  (129)  72  (99)  98
 FVO CSEs — Commercial mortgage loans  95  102  286  312
   Subtotal  (34)  174  187  410
    Net investment income $651 $823 $2,235 $2,338

____________

 

  • Changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase included in net investment income were:

 Other securities — FVO general account securities $0 $0 $1 $0
 Other securities — FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments $(186) $51 $(193) $54

See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs included in the table above.

 

Affiliated investment expenses, included in the table above, were $17 million and $50 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, and $14 million and $41 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of affiliated net investment income included in the table above.

Securities Lending

 

The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby blocks of securities, which are included in fixed maturity securities and short-term investments, are loaned to third parties, primarily brokerage firms and commercial banks. The Company obtains collateral, usually cash, in an amount generally equal to 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, which is obtained at the inception of a loan and maintained at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or repledged by the transferee. The Company is liable to return to its counterparties the cash collateral under its control. These transactions are treated as financing arrangements and the associated liability is recorded at the amount of the cash received.

Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at:

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
         
    (In millions)
         
Securities on loan:      
 Amortized cost $5,894 $6,992
 Estimated fair value $7,010 $7,054
Aging of cash collateral liability:      
 Open (1)  $751 $1,292
 Less than thirty days  3,982  3,297
 Thirty days or greater but less than sixty days  1,425  1,221
 Sixty days or greater but less than ninety days  587  326
 Ninety days or greater  97  1,002
  Total cash collateral liability $6,842 $7,138
         
Security collateral on deposit from counterparties $253 $0
Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value $6,686 $6,916

____________

 

  • Open — meaning that the related loaned security could be returned to the Company on the next business day, requiring the Company to immediately return the cash collateral.

 

The estimated fair value of the securities on loan related to the cash collateral on open at September 30, 2011 was $762 million, of which $705 million were U.S. Treasury and agency securities which, if put to the Company, can be immediately sold to satisfy the cash requirements. The remainder of the securities on loan was primarily U.S. Treasury and agency securities, and very liquid RMBS. The U.S. Treasury securities on loan were primarily holdings of on-the-run U.S. Treasury securities, the most liquid U.S. Treasury securities available. If these high quality securities that are on loan are put back to the Company, the proceeds from immediately selling these securities can be used to satisfy the related cash requirements. The reinvestment portfolio acquired with the cash collateral consisted principally of fixed maturity securities (including U.S. Treasury and agency securities, ABS, U.S. corporate securities and RMBS). If the on loan securities or the reinvestment portfolio become less liquid, the Company has the liquidity resources of most of its general account available to meet any potential cash demands when securities are put back to the Company.

 

Security collateral on deposit from counterparties in connection with the securities lending transactions may not be sold or repledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

Invested Assets on Deposit and Pledged as Collateral

 

Invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents and fixed maturity securities and at carrying value for mortgage loans.

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
         
    (In millions)
         
Invested assets on deposit:      
 Regulatory agencies $55 $55
Invested assets pledged as collateral:      
 Funding agreements — Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston  529  211
 Funding agreements — Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation  231  231
 Derivative transactions  112  83
  Total invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral $927 $580

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2010 Annual Report for a description of the types of invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral and selected other information about the related program or counterparty.

 

See also “— Securities Lending” for the amount of the Company's cash received from and due back to counterparties pursuant to the Company's securities lending program. See also “— Variable Interest Entities” for assets of certain CSEs that can only be used to settle liabilities of such entities.

Mortgage Loans

 

Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:

     September 30, 2011  December 31, 2010 
     Carrying % of  Carrying % of 
     Value  Total   Value  Total  
                
     (In millions)    (In millions)   
                
Mortgage loans:            
 Commercial $5,042 52.9% $4,635 36.4%
 Agricultural  1,324 13.9   1,342 10.6 
  Subtotal  6,366 66.8%  5,977 47.0%
 Valuation allowances  (61) (0.6)   (87) (0.7) 
  Subtotal mortgage loans, net  6,305 66.2%  5,890 46.3%
 Commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs - FVO  3,227 33.8   6,840 53.7 
   Total mortgage loans, net $9,532 100.0% $12,730 100.0%

See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs included in the table above and the decrease in commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs – FVO. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of affiliated mortgage loans included in the table above.

Concentration of Credit Risk. The Company diversifies its mortgage loan portfolio by both geographic region and property type to reduce the risk of concentration. The Company's commercial and agricultural mortgage loans are collateralized by properties primarily located in the U.S. The carrying value of the Company's commercial and agricultural mortgage loans located in California, New York and Texas were 25%, 17% and 6%, respectively, of total mortgage loans (excluding commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs) at September 30, 2011. Additionally, the Company manages risk when originating commercial and agricultural mortgage loans by generally lending only up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate collateral.

The following tables present the recorded investment in mortgage loans, by portfolio segment, by method of evaluation of credit loss, and the related valuation allowances, by type of credit loss, at:

     Commercial Agricultural Total
             
     (In millions)
             
September 30, 2011:         
Mortgage loans:         
 Evaluated individually for credit losses $23 $0 $23
 Evaluated collectively for credit losses  5,019  1,324  6,343
  Total mortgage loans  5,042  1,324  6,366
Valuation allowances:         
 Specific credit losses  15  0  15
 Non-specifically identified credit losses  43  3  46
  Total valuation allowances  58  3  61
   Mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance $4,984 $1,321 $6,305
             
December 31, 2010:  
Mortgage loans:         
 Evaluated individually for credit losses $23 $0 $23
 Evaluated collectively for credit losses  4,612  1,342  5,954
  Total mortgage loans  4,635  1,342  5,977
Valuation allowances:         
 Specific credit losses  23  0  23
 Non-specifically identified credit losses  61  3  64
  Total valuation allowances  84  3  87
   Mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance $4,551 $1,339 $5,890

The following tables present the changes in the valuation allowance, by portfolio segment:

  Mortgage Loan Valuation Allowances
  Commercial Agricultural Total
          
  (In millions)
          
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011:         
Balance, beginning of period $66 $4 $70
Provision (release)  (8)  (1)  (9)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries  0  0  0
Balance, end of period $58 $3 $61
          
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2010:         
Balance, beginning of period $90 $3 $93
Provision (release)  0  0  0
Charge-offs, net of recoveries  (6)  0  (6)
Balance, end of period $84 $3 $87
          
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011:         
Balance, beginning of period $84 $3 $87
Provision (release)  (26)  0  (26)
Charge-offs, net of recoveries  0  0  0
Balance, end of period $58 $3 $61
          
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010:         
Balance, beginning of period $74 $3 $77
Provision (release)  16  0  16
Charge-offs, net of recoveries  (6)  0  (6)
Balance, end of period $84 $3 $87

Commercial Mortgage Loans — by Credit Quality Indicators with Estimated Fair Value.  Presented below for the commercial mortgage loans is the recorded investment, prior to valuation allowances, by the indicated loan-to-value ratio categories and debt service coverage ratio categories and estimated fair value of such mortgage loans by the indicated loan-to-value ratio categories at:

   Commercial 
   Recorded Investment      
    Debt Service Coverage Ratios      Estimated   
   > 1.20x  1.00x - 1.20x < 1.00x Total % of Total  Fair Value % of Total 
                       
September 30, 2011: (In millions)    (In millions)   
                       
Loan-to-value ratios:                     
Less than 65% $2,818 $25 $209 $3,052 60.6% $3,233 62.6%
65% to 75%  758  43  67  868 17.2   891 17.2 
76% to 80%  262  0  26  288 5.7   286 5.5 
Greater than 80%  598  148  88  834 16.5   758 14.7 
 Total $4,436 $216 $390 $5,042 100.0% $5,168 100.0%

                       
December 31, 2010:          
                       
Loan-to-value ratios:                     
Less than 65% $2,051 $11 $34 $2,096 45.2% $2,196 47.1%
65% to 75%  824  99  148  1,071 23.1   1,099 23.6 
76% to 80%  301  29  7  337 7.3   347 7.4 
Greater than 80%  828  163  140  1,131 24.4   1,018 21.9 
 Total $4,004 $302 $329 $4,635 100.0% $4,660 100.0%

Agricultural Mortgage Loans — by Credit Quality Indicator. The recorded investment in agricultural mortgage loans, prior to valuation allowances, by credit quality indicator, is as shown below. The estimated fair value of agricultural mortgage loans was $1.4 billion at both September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

   Agricultural 
   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010 
   Recorded Investment % of Total  Recorded Investment % of Total 
              
  (In millions)    (In millions)   
              
Loan-to-value ratios:            
Less than 65% $1,316 99.4% $1,289 96.0%
65% to 75%  8 0.6   53 4.0 
 Total $1,324 100.0% $1,342 100.0%

Past Due and Interest Accrual Status of Mortgage Loans.  The Company has a high quality, well performing, mortgage loan portfolio with approximately 99% of all mortgage loans classified as performing at both September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The Company defines delinquent mortgage loans consistent with industry practice, when interest and principal payments are past due as follows: commercial mortgage loans — 60 days or more; and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days or more. The recorded investment in mortgage loans, prior to valuation allowances, past due according to these aging categories, greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest and in nonaccrual status, by portfolio segment, were as follows at:

         Greater than 90 Days Past Due      
   Past Due Still Accruing Interest Nonaccrual Status
   September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010 September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010 September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
                    
  (In millions)
                    
Commercial $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1
Agricultural  0  7  0  0  0  6
 Total $0 $7 $0 $0 $0 $7

Impaired Mortgage Loans.  The unpaid principal balance, recorded investment, valuation allowances and carrying value, net of valuation allowances, for impaired mortgage loans, including those modified in a troubled debt restructuring, by portfolio segment, were as follows at:

   Impaired Mortgage Loans
             Loans without      
   Loans with a Valuation Allowance a Valuation Allowance All Impaired Loans
   Unpaid          Unpaid    Unpaid   
   Principal Recorded Valuation Carrying Principal Recorded Principal Carrying
   Balance (1) Investment Allowances Value Balance (1) Investment Balance (1) Value
                          
  (In millions)
                          
September 30, 2011:                        
Commercial $23 $23 $15 $8 $15 $15 $38 $23
Agricultural  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 Total $23 $23 $15 $8 $15 $15 $38 $23
                          
December 31, 2010:                        
Commercial $23 $23 $23 $0 $0 $0 $23 $0
Agricultural  0  0  0  0  7  7  7  7
 Total $23 $23 $23 $0 $7 $7 $30 $7

____________

 

(1) Unpaid principal balance is generally prior to any charge-offs.

 

The average investment in impaired mortgage loans, including those modified in a troubled debt restructuring, and the related interest income, by portfolio segment, was:

    Impaired Mortgage Loans
    Average Investment Interest Income Recognized
       Cash Basis Accrual Basis
            
  (In millions)
            
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011:         
 Commercial $31 $0 $0
 Agricultural  3  0  0
  Total $34 $0 $0
            
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2010:         
 Commercial $50 $0 $0
 Agricultural  17  0  0
  Total $67 $0 $0

            
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011:         
 Commercial $27 $1 $0
 Agricultural  5  0  0
  Total $32 $1 $0
            
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010:         
 Commercial $44 $2 $0
 Agricultural  14  0  0
  Total $58 $2 $0

Mortgage Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring. The Company has a high quality, well performing, mortgage loan portfolio. For a small portion of the portfolio, classified as troubled debt restructurings, the Company grants concessions related to the borrowers' financial difficulties. Generally, the types of concessions include: reduction of the contractual interest rate, extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or a reduction of accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. Through the continuous portfolio monitoring process, the Company may have recorded a specific valuation allowance prior to the quarter when the mortgage loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (after specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. At September 30, 2011, the Company had one commercial mortgage loan modified during the period in a troubled debt restructuring with a pre-modification and post-modification carrying value of $15 million.

During the previous twelve months, the Company had no mortgage loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default at September 30, 2011. Payment default is determined in the same manner as delinquency status — when interest and principal payments are past due as follows: commercial mortgage loans — 60 days or more; and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days or more.

 

Cash Equivalents

 

Cash equivalents, which include investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, were $648 million and $1,826 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Purchased Credit Impaired Investments

 

Investments acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the acquisition date that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are classified as purchased credit impaired investments. For each investment, the excess of the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date over its acquisition date fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized as net investment income on an effective yield basis. If, subsequently, based on current information and events, it is probable that there is a significant increase in cash flows previously expected to be collected or if actual cash flows are significantly greater than cash flows previously expected to be collected, the accretable yield is adjusted prospectively. The excess of the contractually required payments (including interest) as of the acquisition date over the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date is referred to as the nonaccretable difference, and this amount is not expected to be realized as net investment income. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected can result in OTTI.

 

The table below presents the purchased credit impaired fixed maturity securities held at:

   
  September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       
  (In millions)
       
Outstanding principal and interest balance (1) $486 $20
Carrying value (2) $373 $19

____________

 

  • Represents the contractually required payments which is the sum of contractual principal, whether or not currently due, and accrued interest.

     

  • Estimated fair value plus accrued interest.

 

The following table presents information about purchased credit impaired fixed maturity securities acquired during the periods, as of their respective acquisition dates:

  Nine
  Months Ended
  September 30,
  2011 2010
       
  (In millions)
       
Contractually required payments (including interest) $806 $0
Cash flows expected to be collected (1) $719 $0
Fair value of investments acquired $381 $0

____________

 

  • Represents undiscounted principal and interest cash flow expectations at the date of acquisition.

 

The following table presents activity for the accretable yield on purchased credit impaired fixed maturity securities for:

   
  Three Months Nine Months
  Ended Ended
  September 30, September 30,
  2011 2010 2011 2010
             
  (In millions)
             
Accretable yield, beginning of period $306 $0 $5 $0
Investments purchased  42  0  338  0
Accretion recognized in net investment income  (2)  0  (5)  0
Disposals  0  0  0  0
Reclassification (to) from nonaccretable difference  10  0  18  0
Accretable yield, end of period $356 $0 $356 $0

Variable Interest Entities

 

The Company holds investments in certain entities that are VIEs. In certain instances, the Company holds both the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity, as well as an economic interest in the entity and, as such, is deemed to be the primary beneficiary or consolidator of the entity. The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities relating to VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary have no recourse to the general credit of the Company, as the Company's obligation to the VIEs is limited to the amount of its committed investment.

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
         
  (In millions)
Consolidated securitization entities: (1)      
Assets:      
 Mortgage loans held-for-investment (commercial mortgage loans) $3,227 $6,840
 Accrued investment income  15  31
  Total assets $3,242 $6,871
         
Liabilities:      
 Long-term debt $3,158 $6,773
 Other liabilities  15  31
  Total liabilities $3,173 $6,804

____________

  • The Company consolidates former qualified special purpose entities (“QSPEs”) that are structured as CMBS. The assets of these entities can only be used to settle their respective liabilities, and under no circumstances is the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates liable for any principal or interest shortfalls should any arise. The Company's exposure was limited to that of its remaining investment in the former QSPEs of $57 million and $64 million at estimated fair value at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The long-term debt referred to above bears interest at primarily fixed rates ranging from 2.25% to 5.57%, payable primarily on a monthly basis and is expected to be repaid over the next six years. Interest expense related to these obligations, included in other expenses, was $92 million and $279 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, and $101 million and $305 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively. The Company sold certain of these CMBS investments in the third quarter of 2011, resulting in the deconsolidation of such entities and their related mortgage loans held-for-investment and long-term debt.

 

 

The following table presents the carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs for which the Company holds significant variable interests but is not the primary beneficiary and which have not been consolidated at:

    September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       Maximum    Maximum
    Carrying Exposure Carrying Exposure
    Amount  to Loss (1)  Amount  to Loss (1)
               
    (In millions)
               
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:            
 RMBS (2) $6,543 $6,543 $6,709 $6,709
 CMBS (2)  2,234  2,234  2,277  2,277
 ABS (2)  2,017  2,017  1,869  1,869
 U.S. corporate securities  427  427  336  336
 Foreign corporate securities  232  232  348  348
Other limited partnership interests  1,314  2,001  1,192  1,992
Real estate joint ventures  26  29  10  35
  Total $12,793 $13,483 $12,741 $13,566

____________

 

 

  • The maximum exposure to loss relating to the fixed maturity securities is equal to the carrying amounts or carrying amounts of retained interests. The maximum exposure to loss relating to the other limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments of the Company. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee.
  • For these variable interests, the Company's involvement is limited to that of a passive investor.

 

As described in Note 5, the Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. Excluding these commitments, the Company did not provide financial or other support to investees designated as VIEs during the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Related Party Investment Transactions

 

At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company held $96 million and $63 million, respectively, in the Metropolitan Money Market Pool and the MetLife Intermediate Income Pool, which are affiliated partnerships. These amounts are included in short-term investments. Net investment income from these investments was less than $1 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2010.

In the normal course of business, the Company transfers invested assets, primarily consisting of fixed maturity securities, to and from affiliates. Invested assets transferred to and from affiliates were as follows:

  Three Months Nine Months
  Ended Ended
  September 30, September 30,
  2011 2010 2011 2010
             
  (In millions)
             
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred to affiliates $0 $31 $0 $476
Amortized cost of assets transferred to affiliates $0 $30 $0 $436
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on transfers $0 $1 $0 $40
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred from affiliates $33 $0 $33 $0

As more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2010 Annual Report, the Company has loans outstanding to wholly-owned real estate subsidiaries of an affiliate, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”). The carrying values of such loans were $198 million and $199 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. Net investment income from these loans was $4 million and $11 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.

 

During the third quarter of 2011, the Company issued a loan to Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd. (“Exeter”), an affiliate. The loan outstanding was $305 million at September 30, 2011, which was included in other invested assets. The loan is due on July 15, 2021, and bears interest, payable semi-annually, at 5.64%. Both the principal and interest payments have been guaranteed by MetLife. Net investment income from this loan was $4 million at both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011. At September 30, 2011, the Company had committed to fund an additional $125 million to Exeter which will be funded in the fourth quarter of 2011. See Note 5.