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Investments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
Fixed maturity securities by sector were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost
Allowance for Credit Losses
Gross Unrealized
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost
Allowance for Credit LossesGross Unrealized
Estimated Fair Value
GainsLossesGainsLosses
(In millions)
U.S. corporate$40,376 $26 $448 $2,969 $37,829 $40,437 $47 $212 $3,865 $36,737 
Foreign corporate12,531 32 148 1,014 11,633 13,203 26 53 1,468 11,762 
Residential mortgage-backed securities
8,766 75 620 8,218 8,056 45 867 7,230 
U.S. government and agency6,886 — 107 581 6,412 7,112 — 39 691 6,460 
Asset-backed securities
6,005 — 36 55 5,986 6,348 — 33 75 6,306 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
6,263 14 246 6,030 6,702 415 6,292 
State and political subdivision3,650 — 102 294 3,458 3,671 — 78 367 3,382 
Foreign government1,007 — 35 67 975 1,036 — 24 100 960 
Total fixed maturity securities$85,484 $62 $965 $5,846 $80,541 $86,565 $79 $491 $7,848 $79,129 
Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at September 30, 2025:
Due in One Year or Less
Due After One Year Through Five Years
Due After Five Years Through Ten Years
Due After Ten Years
Structured Securities (1)
Total Fixed Maturity Securities
(In millions)
Amortized cost$4,532 $19,189 $12,818 $27,911 $21,034 $85,484 
Estimated fair value$4,505 $18,945 $12,377 $24,480 $20,234 $80,541 
_______________
(1)Structured securities include residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) (collectively, “Structured Securities”).
Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
The estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterLess than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
Estimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. corporate$4,041 $330 $19,133 $2,639 $10,758 $719 $17,329 $3,146 
Foreign corporate1,460 201 5,485 813 3,269 351 5,502 1,117 
RMBS995 66 4,308 554 1,227 82 4,624 785 
U.S. government and agency1,305 51 1,556 530 2,384 116 1,858 575 
ABS
482 769 53 717 10 1,076 65 
CMBS
841 30 4,043 216 1,326 90 4,338 325 
State and political subdivision395 30 1,632 264 871 63 1,435 304 
Foreign government126 16 491 51 273 29 433 71 
Total fixed maturity securities$9,645 $726 $37,417 $5,120 $20,825 $1,460 $36,595 $6,388 
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
1,573 5,038 3,356 5,195 
Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities by Sector
The changes in the allowance for credit losses for fixed maturity securities by sector were as follows:
U.S. CorporateForeign CorporateRMBSCMBSTotal
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Balance, beginning of period$47 $26 $$$79 
Allowance on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded— — — 
Reductions for securities sold(3)— — (1)(4)
Change in allowance on securities with an allowance recorded in a previous period(1)— 12 
Write-offs charged against allowance (1)(27)— — — (27)
Balance, end of period$26 $32 $$$62 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period$15 $— $$$21 
Allowance on securities where credit losses were not previously recorded13 21 — 35 
Reductions for securities sold— — — — — 
Change in allowance on securities with an allowance recorded in a previous period— — — 
Write-offs charged against allowance (1)— — — — — 
Balance, end of period $31 $21 $$$59 
_______________
(1)The Company recorded total write-offs of $33 million and $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
Carrying
Value
% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Commercial$12,631 55.3 %$13,326 57.3 %
Agricultural4,541 19.9 4,563 19.6 
Residential5,867 25.7 5,543 23.8 
Total mortgage loans (1)23,039 100.9 23,432 100.7 
Allowance for credit losses(205)(0.9)(178)(0.7)
Total mortgage loans, net$22,834 100.0 %$23,254 100.0 %
_______________
(1)Purchases of mortgage loans from third parties were $250 million and $807 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $314 million and $664 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and were primarily comprised of residential mortgage loans.
Rollforward of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment were as follows:
CommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotal
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Balance, beginning of period$106 $30 $42 $178 
Current period provision72 (1)74 
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(35)(12)— (47)
Balance, end of period$143 $21 $41 $205 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period$69 $19 $49 $137 
Current period provision39 11 (7)43 
Charge-offs, net of recoveries(13)— — (13)
Balance, end of period$95 $30 $42 $167 
Credit Quality of Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The amortized cost of mortgage loans by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows at:
20252024202320222021PriorTotal
(In millions)
September 30, 2025
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%$346 $591 $158 $331 $1,671 $2,843 $5,940 
65% to 75%142 257 — 815 874 974 3,062 
76% to 80%— — — 296 239 715 1,250 
Greater than 80%31 — — 609 147 1,592 2,379 
Total commercial mortgage loans519 848 158 2,051 2,931 6,124 12,631 
Agricultural mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%187 356 194 573 1,053 1,909 4,272 
65% to 75%42 — 17 83 103 20 265 
76% to 80%— — — — — 
Greater than 80%— — — — — 
Total agricultural mortgage loans229 356 211 656 1,156 1,933 4,541 
Residential mortgage loans
Performing565 694 196 1,170 1,537 1,592 5,754 
Nonperforming— — — 46 27 40 113 
Total residential mortgage loans565 694 196 1,216 1,564 1,632 5,867 
Total$1,313 $1,898 $565 $3,923 $5,651 $9,689 $23,039 
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
(In millions)
December 31, 2024
Commercial mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%$640 $199 $279 $1,850 $196 $2,844 $6,008 
65% to 75%208 — 1,022 713 62 1,171 3,176 
76% to 80%— — 117 201 174 601 1,093 
Greater than 80%— — 972 388 — 1,689 3,049 
Total commercial mortgage loans848 199 2,390 3,152 432 6,305 13,326 
Agricultural mortgage loans
Loan-to-value ratios:
Less than 65%408 203 594 1,073 400 1,632 4,310 
65% to 75%— 18 80 113 19 236 
76% to 80%— — — — — 
Greater than 80%— — — — — 16 16 
Total agricultural mortgage loans408 221 674 1,186 407 1,667 4,563 
Residential mortgage loans
Performing586 222 1,268 1,640 146 1,563 5,425 
Nonperforming— 44 21 51 118 
Total residential mortgage loans587 222 1,312 1,661 147 1,614 5,543 
Total$1,843 $642 $4,376 $5,999 $986 $9,586 $23,432 
The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans by debt-service coverage ratio was as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost
% of
Total
Amortized Cost
% of
Total
(Dollars in millions)
Debt-service coverage ratios:
Greater than 1.20x$11,301 89.5 %$12,029 90.3 %
1.00x - 1.20x821 6.5 801 6.0 
Less than 1.00x509 4.0 496 3.7 
Total$12,631 100.0 %$13,326 100.0 %
Past Due Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
The aging of the amortized cost of past due mortgage loans by portfolio segment was as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
CommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotalCommercialAgriculturalResidentialTotal
(In millions)
Current$12,551 $4,526 $5,661 $22,738 $13,206 $4,538 $5,423 $23,167 
30-59 days past due— — 93 93 — — 
60-89 days past due— — 32 32 — — 36 36 
90-179 days past due— — 26 26 21 36 66 
180+ days past due80 15 55 150 99 16 46 161 
Total$12,631 $4,541 $5,867 $23,039 $13,326 $4,563 $5,543 $23,432 
Mortgage Loans in Nonaccrual Status by Portfolio Segment
The amortized cost of mortgage loans in a nonaccrual status by portfolio segment was as follows at:
CommercialAgricultural
Residential (1)
Total
(In millions)
September 30, 2025
$236 $$113 $358 
December 31, 2024
$120 $25 $118 $263 
_______________
(1) The Company had $9 million and $3 million of mortgage loans in nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities$(4,881)$(7,357)
Derivatives241 460 
Other(10)(7)
Subtotal(4,650)(6,904)
Amounts allocated from:
Future policy benefits587 977 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)853 1,245 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)$(3,210)$(4,682)
The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2024$(4,682)
Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the period2,254 
Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to:
Future policy benefits(390)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(392)
Balance at September 30, 2025$(3,210)
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses)$1,472 
Securities Lending
Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(In millions)
Securities on loan: (1)
Amortized cost$3,601 $3,582 
Estimated fair value$3,185 $3,127 
Cash collateral received from counterparties (2)$3,271 $3,210 
Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value$3,360 $3,217 
_______________
(1)Included in fixed maturity securities.
(2)Included in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions.
The cash collateral liability by loaned security type and remaining tenor of the agreements were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Open (1)1 Month or Less1 to 6 MonthsTotalOpen (1)1 Month or Less1 to 6 MonthsTotal
(In millions)
U.S. government and agency$389 $1,561 $951 $2,901 $490 $1,467 $886 $2,843 
U.S. corporate— 293 — 293 — 248 — 248 
Foreign corporate— 71 — 71 — 105 — 105 
Foreign government— — — 14 — 14 
Total$389 $1,931 $951 $3,271 $490 $1,834 $886 $3,210 
_______________
(1)The related loaned security could be returned to the Company on the next business day which would require the Company to immediately return the cash collateral.
Invested Assets on Deposit, Held in Trust and Pledged as Collateral
Invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral at estimated fair value were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
(In millions)
Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) (1)$6,510 $6,246 
Invested assets held in trust (reinsurance agreements) (2)7,703 8,226 
Invested assets pledged as collateral (3)11,014 12,471 
Total invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral$25,227 $26,943 
_______________
(1)The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, on deposit with governmental authorities relating to certain policyholder liabilities, of which $143 million and $68 million of the assets on deposit represents restricted cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(2)The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, held in trust relating to certain reinsurance transactions, of which $533 million and $332 million of the assets held in trust balance represents restricted cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(3)The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements (see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2024 Annual Report) and derivative transactions (see Note 8).
Variable Interest Entities
The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss related to the VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it holds a variable interest, but is not the primary beneficiary, were as follows at:
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Carrying Amount
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Carrying Amount
Maximum Exposure to Loss
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities$13,434 $14,098 $14,248 $15,330 
Limited partnerships and LLCs4,288 5,236 4,223 5,265 
Total$17,722 $19,334 $18,471 $20,595 
Components of Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In millions)
Investment income:
Fixed maturity securities$917 $941 $2,744 $2,777 
Trading securities (1)
14 — 24 — 
Equity securities— — 
Mortgage loans256 252 767 747 
Policy loans11 12 36 35 
Limited partnerships and LLCs (2)
108 56 259 228 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments59 63 173 157 
Other28 25 78 74 
Total investment income1,393 1,349 4,082 4,020 
Less: Investment expenses84 91 246 263 
Net investment income$1,309 $1,258 $3,836 $3,757 
_______________
(1)Investment gains (losses) were $7 million related to trading securities still held for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025. There were no investment gains (losses) related to trading securities still held for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
(2)Includes net investment income pertaining to other limited partnership interests of $102 million and $221 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $65 million and $259 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Components of Net Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities $(12)$(48)$(69)$(181)
Equity securities— (1)(2)(4)
Mortgage loans(9)(15)(76)(42)
Limited partnerships and LLCs— — — (1)
Other (1)
65 68 
Total net investment gains (losses) (2)
$44 $(62)$(79)$(225)
_______________
(1)    In July 2025, the Company sold a subsidiary which owned certain mineral rights across the U.S. and recognized a gain of $66 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
(2)    Gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions included within net investment gains (losses) were not significant for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Sales or Disposals of Fixed Maturity Securities Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity securities and the components of fixed maturity securities net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
(In millions)
Proceeds$325 $310 $1,208 $2,093 
Gross investment gains$$$$13 
Gross investment losses(18)(25)(61)(145)
Net investment gains (losses)$(17)$(22)$(54)$(132)