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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Biomerica, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Biomerica de Mexico and BioEurope GmbH. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

 

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

 

In order to prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we must make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Different assumptions or conditions may cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates. We monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements on an ongoing basis. We believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable under the current conditions; however, actual results may differ from these estimates under different future conditions.

 

We believe that the estimates and assumptions that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, in that they require subjective or complex judgments, form the basis for the accounting policies deemed to be most critical to us. These relate to revenue recognition, bad debts, inventory overhead application, inventory reserves, lease liabilities, right-of-use assets and share based compensation. We believe estimates and assumptions related to these critical accounting policies are appropriate under the circumstances; however, should future events or occurrences result in unanticipated consequences, there could be a material impact on our future financial conditions or results of operations. We suggest that our significant accounting policies be read in conjunction with this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

MARKETS AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

MARKETS AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

 

The majority of our revenues come from the sale of products it manufactures in the United States and Mexico, with certain raw materials sourced from Asia and other regions. Our diagnostic business serves a diverse customer base that includes both domestic and international distributors, as well as hospitals, clinical laboratories, medical research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, drugstores, wholesalers, physicians’ offices, and e-commerce customers. A significant portion of our revenues are derived from international sales.

 

We employ a Director of Sales and Marketing for Europe and South America, based in Germany, who has over 20 years of experience in diagnostics and life sciences. This individual’s international business experience and multilingual capabilities have facilitated strong relationships across Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Latin America, Canada, and the United States. We expect continued growth through the addition of new distributors and product lines in these regions.

 

Our markets its diagnostic products through distributors, advertising in medical and trade journals, trade show exhibitions, direct mailings, and through its internal sales team. The two primary markets we target are clinical laboratories and patient point-of-care testing.

 

LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN

LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN

 

We have incurred recurring operating losses  and negative cash flows from operations and have an accumulated deficit of approximately $53,200,000  as of August 31, 2025. As of August 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $3,053,000 and working capital of approximately $4,206,000.

 

On September 28, 2023, we filed a new “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, to replace the expiring “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that was filed in July 21, 2020, as amended on September 20, 2020 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”), which was declared effective on September 29, 2023, allowing the Company to issue up to $20,000,000 in shares of our common stock. Under this registration statement, shares of our common stock may be sold from time to time for up to three years from the filing date . On May 10, 2024, we filed a prospectus supplement to the Shelf Registration Statement with the SEC to facilitate the sale of up to $5,500,000 in common stock through ATM offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act (the “2024 ATM Offering”). As part of this transaction, we incurred $81,000 in deferred offering costs during the year ended May 31, 2025.

 

During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we sold 258,569 shares of our common stock at prices ranging from $3.34 to $3.69 pursuant to the 2024 ATM Offering, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $939,000 and net proceeds to us of $912,000 after deducting commissions for each sale and legal, accounting, and other fees related to offering in the amount of $27,000.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from any funds raised through the 2024 ATM Offering for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, sales and marketing activities, clinical studies and product development, acquisitions of assets, businesses, companies, or securities, capital expenditures, and working capital needs.

 

 

Management assesses whether we have sufficient liquidity to fund its costs for the next twelve months from each financial statement issuance date to determine if there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern over the next twelve months is influenced by several factors, including:

 

  Our need and ability to generate additional revenue from international opportunities and sales within the United States of existing products, and from our new product launches;
  Our need to access the capital and debt markets to meet current obligations and fund operations;
  Our capacity to manage operating expenses and maintain or increase gross margins as we grow;
  Our ability to retain key employees and maintain critical operations with a substantially reduced workforce; and
  Certain SEC regulations that limit the amount of capital we can raise through issuance of its equity.

 

Management has analyzed our cash flow requirements through November 2026 and beyond. Based on this analysis, we believe our current cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to meet our operating cash requirements and strategic growth objectives for the next twelve months.

 

To address our capital needs and sustain operations beyond the next year, we are actively pursuing strategies to increase sales, reduce expenses, sell non-core assets, seek additional financing through debt or equity, and seek other strategic alternatives. While we are committed to these plans, there is no assurance that these efforts will be successful or sufficient to meet our capital requirements.

 

As part of our efforts to reduce costs, we have implemented significant cost-cutting measures in an attempt to extend our cash runway and work towards increasing revenues to cover overhead costs.

 

These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our future viability depends on the successful execution of our strategic plans, securing additional near-term financing, and achieving profitable operations.

 

Our consolidated financial statements as of August 31, 2025 were prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

 

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

 

We maintain cash balances at certain financial institutions in excess of amounts insured by federal agencies. From time to time, we have uninsured balances. We do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risks.

 

We provide credit in the normal course of business to customers throughout the United States and in foreign markets. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and requires accelerated prepayment in some circumstances.

 

Consolidated net sales were approximately $1,380,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2025, compared to $1,807,000 for the same period in 2024. For the three months ended August 31, 2025, we had one key customer located in Asia, who accounted for 48% of net sales. For the three months ended August 31, 2024, we had two key customers located in North America and Asia, respectively, who collectively accounted for 55% of net sales.

 

As of August 31, 2025, and May 31, 2025, total gross receivables were approximately $1,269,000 and $757,000, respectively. On these dates, we had two and four key customers, respectively, located in Asia, North America, and Europe. These customers accounted for 67% and 69% of the gross accounts receivable, respectively.

 

For the three months ended August 31, 2025, no vendor accounted for 10% or more of total raw material purchases. For the three months ended August 31, 2024, two vendors, in the aggregate, accounted for approximately 34% of total raw material purchases. As of August 31, 2025, no vendor represented 10% or more of the our accounts payable. As of May 31, 2025, one vendor represented approximately 20% of our accounts payable. 

 

 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits and money market accounts with original maturities of less than three months.

 

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

 

We extend unsecured credit to its customers on a regular basis. International accounts are usually required to prepay until they establish a history with us and at that time, they are extended credit at levels. Initial credit levels for individual distributors are approved by our designated officers and managers based on various criteria. All increases in credit limits are also approved by designated upper-level management.

 

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (codified as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326) on June 1, 2023. ASC 326 adds to U.S. GAAP the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, a measurement model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, we evaluated receivables on a quarterly basis and adjusted the allowance for doubtful accounts accordingly. Balances over 90 days old were usually reserved unless collection was reasonably assured. Under the application of ASC 326, our historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, as well as current economic and business conditions, and anticipated future economic events that may impact collectability. In developing its expected credit loss estimate, we evaluated the appropriate grouping of financial assets based upon its evaluation of risk characteristics, including consideration of the types of products and services sold. Account balances are written off against the allowance for expected credit losses after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

 

Occasionally, certain long-standing customers who routinely place large orders will have unusually large receivable balances relative to the total gross receivables. Management monitors the payments for these large balances closely and very often requires payment of existing invoices before shipping new sales orders.

 

As of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, we had established a reserve of approximately $64,000 and $26,000, respectively, for credit losses.

 

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER

 

We occasionally prepay for items such as inventory, insurance, and other items. These items are reported as prepaid expenses and other, until either the inventory is physically received, or the insurance and other items are expensed.

 

As of August 31, 2025 and May 31, 2025, the prepaids were approximately $168,000 and $255,000, respectively, comprised of prepayments to insurance and various other suppliers.

 

 

INVENTORIES, NET

INVENTORIES, NET

 

We value inventory at the lower of cost (determined using a combination of specific lot identification and the first-in, first-out methods) or net realizable value. Management periodically reviews inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence. Management evaluates quantities on hand, physical condition, and technical functionality as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. The reserve is adjusted based on such evaluation, with a corresponding provision included in cost of sales. Abnormal amounts of idle facility expenses, freight, handling costs and wasted material are recognized as current period charges and the allocation of fixed production overhead is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

 

Net inventories are comprised of the following:

 

   August 31, 2025   May 31, 2025 
Raw materials  $976,000   $1,071,000 
Work in progress   816,000    743,000 
Finished products   159,000    147,000 
Total gross inventory   1,951,000    1,961,000 
Inventory reserves   (478,000)   (471,000)
Net inventory  $1,473,000   $1,490,000 

 

Reserves for inventory obsolescence are recorded as necessary to reduce obsolete inventory to estimated net realizable value or to specifically reserve for obsolete inventory. As of August 31, 2025, and May 31, 2025, inventory reserves were approximately $478,000 and $471,000, respectively.

 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for additions and major improvements are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. When property and equipment are sold, retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses from sales, retirements and dispositions are credited or charged to income.

 

Depreciation and amortization are provided over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, ranging from 5 to 10 years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was approximately $15,000 and $17,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

 

Intangible assets include trademarks, product rights, technology rights and patents, and are accounted for based on ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, In that regard, intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested at least annually for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

 

Intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life, not to exceed 18 years for marketing and distribution rights, 10 years for purchased technology use rights, and patents are based on their individual useful lives which average around 15 years. Amortization expense was approximately $5,000 and $4,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

We assess the recoverability of these intangible assets by determining whether the amortization of the asset’s balance over its remaining life can be recovered through projected undiscounted future cash flows. We use a qualitative assessment to determine whether there is any impairment. During the three months ended August 31, 2025, and 2024, there were no impairment adjustments.

 

INVESTMENTS

INVESTMENTS

 

We have made investments in a privately held Polish distributor, which is primarily engaged in distributing medical products and devices, including the distribution of the products sold by us. We invested approximately $165,000 into the Polish distributor and own approximately 6% of the Polish distributor.

 

Equity holdings in nonmarketable unconsolidated entities in which we are not able to exercise significant influence (“Cost Method Holdings”) are accounted for at our initial cost, minus any impairment (if any), plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar holding or security of the same issuer. Dividends received are recorded as other income.

 

 

We assess our equity holdings for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an equity holding may not be recoverable. Management reviewed the underlying net assets of our equity method holding as of August 31, 2025 and determined that our proportionate economic interest in the entity indicates that the equity holding was not impaired. There were no observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or a similar holding or security of our Cost Method Holdings during the period ended August 31, 2025.

 

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

 

We follow the guidance of ASC 718, Share-based Compensation, which requires the use of the fair-value based method to determine compensation for all arrangements under which employees and others receive shares of stock or equity instruments (options). We grant stock options and restricted stock under equity incentive plans. We measure all share-based payment awards at their grant-date fair value. The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses assumptions for expected volatility, expected dividends, expected forfeiture rate, expected term, and the risk-free interest rate. We have not paid dividends historically and does not expect to pay them in the foreseeable future. Expected volatilities are based on weighted averages of the historical volatility of our common stock estimated over the expected term of the options. The expected forfeiture rate is based on historical forfeitures experienced. The expected term of options granted is derived using the “simplified method” which computes expected term as the average of the sum of the vesting term plus the contract term as historically we had limited exercise activity surrounding our options. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the period of the expected term. The grant date fair value of the award is recognized under the straight-line attribution method.

 

The following summary presents the options granted, exercised, expired, canceled and outstanding for the three months ended August 31, 2025:

 

   Option Shares   Weighted Average Exercise Price 
Options Outstanding at May 31, 2025   413,866   $19.29 
Cancelled or expired   (720)   12.70 
Options Outstanding at August 31, 2025   413,146   $19.31 

 

During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we expensed approximately $74,000 in share-based compensation related to stock options, compared to $77,000 for the same period in 2024.

 

The following summary presents the restricted stock awards granted, vested, forfeited and outstanding for the three months ended August 31, 2025:

 

   Restricted Stock Awards   Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 
Unvested Restricted Stock Awards at May 31, 2025   97,500   $2.51 
Granted   10,000    3.19 
Vested   (10,625)   2.51 
Unvested Restricted Stock Awards at August 31, 2025   96,875   $2.58 

 

During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we expensed $59,000 related to Restricted Stock Awards. No share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock was recognized during the three months ended August 31, 2024.

 

REVENUE RECOGNITION

REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

We have various contracts with customers, and these contracts specify the recognition of revenue based on the nature of the transaction.

 

Revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the product is shipped, customarily Freight on Board shipping point, which is when the transfer of control of goods has occurred and title passes. This applies to clinical lab products sold to domestic and international distributors, including hospitals, clinical laboratories, medical research institutions, medical schools, and pharmaceutical companies. OTC products are sold directly to drug stores, e-commerce customers, and distributors, while physicians’ office products are sold to physicians and distributors. We do not allow returns except in cases of defective merchandise, and therefore, do not establish an allowance for returns. Additionally, we have contracts with customers that provide purchase discounts contingent on achieving specified sales volumes. These contracts are regularly evaluated, and we do not anticipate granting any discounts through the end of the contract period.

 

For diagnostic testing services sold directly to patients or physician offices that require processing by a third-party CLIA-certified lab, we recognize revenue once the lab has completed the test results.

 

For services related to contract manufacturing, revenue is recognized when the service has been performed. Services for some contract work are invoiced and recognized as the project progresses.

 

As of August 31, 2025, we had approximately $54,000 in advances from domestic customers, which are prepayments on orders for future shipments.

 

 

Disaggregation of revenue:

 

The following is a breakdown of revenues according to markets to which the products are sold:

 

   2025   2024 
   Three Months Ended August 31, 
   2025   2024 
Clinical lab  $1,024,000   $1,278,000 
Contract manufacturing   192,000    339,000 
Over-the-counter   161,000    187,000 
Physician’s office   3,000    3,000 
Total  $1,380,000   $1,807,000 

 

See Note 4 for additional information regarding revenue concentrations.

 

SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES

SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES

 

We include shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales.

 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expensed approximately $212,000 and $297,000 of research and development costs during the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

 

We had income tax expense for the three months ended August 31, 2025 of approximately $3,000, consisting of state minimum and foreign miscellaneous taxes. During the three months ended August 31, 2025, we had a net operating loss (“NOL”) that generated deferred tax assets for NOL carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statements and income tax carrying values using tax rates in effect for the years such differences are expected to reverse. Due to uncertainties surrounding our ability to generate future taxable income and consequently realize such deferred income tax assets, we have determined that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of August 31, 2025.

 

Our policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. For the three months ended August 31, 2025, we had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

 

ADVERTISING COSTS

ADVERTISING COSTS

 

We report the cost of advertising as expense in the period in which those costs are incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $9,000 and $14,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

 

Biomerica de Mexico, the subsidiary located in Mexico, operates primarily using the Mexican peso. BioEurope GmbH, the subsidiary located in Germany, operates primarily using the U.S. dollar, with an immaterial amount of transactions occurring using the Euro. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, and revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting translation adjustments to assets and liabilities are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. There are no foreign currency transactions that are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations   and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITY

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITY

 

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standard update which requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Leases are classified as financing or operating which will drive the expense recognition pattern. We have elected to exclude short-term leases. Our leases office space and copy machines, all of which are operating leases. Most leases include the option to renew and the exercise of the renewal options is at our sole discretion. Options to extend or terminate a lease are considered in the lease term to the extent that the option is reasonably certain of exercise. The leases do not include the options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.

 

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through stock options, warrants and other convertible securities using the treasury stock method. The total amount of anti-dilutive stock options not included in the loss per share calculation at August 31, 2025 and 2024 was 413,146 and 413,269, respectively.

 

SEGMENT REPORTING

SEGMENT REPORTING

 

We define our segments on the basis in which internally reported financial information is reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) to analyze financial performance, make decisions, and allocate resources. We manage our operations as a single operating and reportable segment, which focus on the development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of diagnostic products. As all material financial information is included in the consolidated results we have identified one reportable segment. The CODM uses net income (loss) and cash flow information to evaluate performance, including detailed cost information as part of the budget and forecasting process and considers budget-to-actual variances on a regular basis when making decisions about the allocation of operating and capital resources. We measure segment profit or loss is net income (loss) as reported in the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

The accounting policies used in the segment reporting are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Our CODM is the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Our reportable segment product sales, net and net income (loss) during the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:

 

   2025   2024 
   For the Three Months Ended August 31, 
   2025   2024 
Net sales  $1,380,000   $1,807,000 
Cost of sales   (956,000)   (1,518,000)
Gross profit   424,000    289,000 
           
Operating expenses:          
Sales and marketing expense   1,330,000    1,360,000 
General and administrative expense          
Research and development expense   212,000    297,000 
Total operating expense   1,542,000    1,657,000 
           
Loss from operations   (1,118,000)   (1,368,000)
           
Other income:          
Dividend, interest, and other income   1,123,000    56,000 
Total other income   1,123,000    56,000 
           
Loss before income taxes   5,000    (1,312,000)
           
Provision for income taxes   (3,000)   (4,000)
           
Net loss  $2,000   $(1,316,000)

 

Dividend, interest, and other income for the three months ended August 31, 2025, included $1,100,000 related to the Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), a refundable payroll-tax credit established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. We account for ERC claims in accordance with ASC 450-30, “Gain Contingencies,” and therefore recognizes income only when all related contingencies have been resolved and receipt of the refund is realized or realizable. The ERC relates to qualified wages paid during calendar year 2021 under the COVID-19 pandemic relief programs and represents a one-time, non-recurring item that will not impact future reporting periods.

 

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

Recent ASU’s issued by the FASB and guidance issued by the SEC did not, or are not believed by the management to, have a material effect on our present or future consolidated financial statements, except as follows:

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)”. The ASU includes enhanced disclosure requirements, which mandates enhanced transparency in financial statements by requiring detailed disclosures of specific expenses like inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of adopting this pronouncement on our financial statements and disclosures.