10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission File Number 1-10042

Atmos Energy Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas	and		Virginia	75-1743247
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)				(IRS employer identification no.)
1800 Three Lincoln Centre
5430 LBJ Freeway
Dallas		Texas		75240
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip code)

(972) 934-9227

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class		Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock	No Par Value	ATO	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)    Yes  ☐    No  þ

Number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of February 2, 2024.

Class		Shares Outstanding
Common stock	No Par Value	150,839,709

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS

AEC	Atmos Energy Corporation
AEK	Atmos Energy Kansas Securitization I, LLC
AOCI	Accumulated other comprehensive income
ARM	Annual Rate Mechanism
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification
Bcf	Billion cubic feet
DARR	Dallas Annual Rate Review
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GRIP	Gas Reliability Infrastructure Program
GSRS	Gas System Reliability Surcharge
KCC	Kansas Corporation Commission
Mcf	Thousand cubic feet
MMcf	Million cubic feet
Moody’s	Moody’s Investors Services, Inc.
PRP	Pipeline Replacement Program
RRC	Railroad Commission of Texas
RRM	Rate Review Mechanism
RSC	Rate Stabilization Clause
S&P	Standard & Poor’s Corporation
SAVE	Steps to Advance Virginia Energy
SEC	United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds	Series 2023-A Senior Secured Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds
Securitized Utility Tariff Property	As defined in the financing order issued by the KCC in October 2022
SIP	System Integrity Program
SIR	System Integrity Rider
SOFR	Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SRF	Stable Rate Filing
SSIR	System Safety and Integrity Rider
TCJA	Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
WNA	Weather Normalization Adjustment

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(Unaudited)
	(In thousands, except share data)
ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment	$	23,683,937	$	22,898,374
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	3,364,456		3,291,791
Net property, plant and equipment	20,319,481		19,606,583
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	278,315		15,404
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	7,130		3,844
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	285,445		19,248
Accounts receivable, net (See Note 6)	646,401		328,654
Gas stored underground	220,944		245,830
Other current assets	526,927		292,036
Total current assets	1,679,717		885,768
Securitized intangible asset, net (See Note 9)	90,036		92,202
Goodwill	731,257		731,257
Deferred charges and other assets	863,752		1,201,158
	$	23,684,243	$	22,516,968
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, no par value (stated at $0.005 per share); 200,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: December 31, 2023 — 150,834,397 shares; September 30, 2023 — 148,492,783 shares	$	754	$	742
Additional paid-in capital	6,945,795		6,684,120
Accumulated other comprehensive income	468,592		518,528
Retained earnings	3,858,068		3,666,674
Shareholders’ equity	11,273,209		10,870,064
Long-term debt, net	7,444,195		6,554,133
Securitized long-term debt (See Note 9)	85,078		85,078
Total capitalization	18,802,482		17,509,275
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	416,694		336,083
Other current liabilities	742,304		763,086
Short-term debt	—		241,933
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561		1,568
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt (See Note 9)	9,922		9,922
Total current liabilities	1,170,481		1,352,592
Deferred income taxes	2,379,421		2,304,974
Regulatory excess deferred taxes	231,981		253,212
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	498,135		497,017
Deferred credits and other liabilities	601,743		599,898
	$	23,684,243	$	22,516,968

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)
Operating revenues
Distribution segment	$	1,105,338	$	1,440,426
Pipeline and storage segment	211,169		186,629
Intersegment eliminations	(158,040)		(143,046)
Total operating revenues	1,158,467		1,484,009
Purchased gas cost
Distribution segment	496,662		881,915
Pipeline and storage segment	4		(858)
Intersegment eliminations	(157,797)		(142,808)
Total purchased gas cost	338,869		738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	166,345		185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	164,608		146,020
Taxes, other than income	89,540		93,538
Operating income	399,105		321,186
Other non-operating income	17,886		21,191
Interest charges	51,875		36,760
Income before income taxes	365,116		305,617
Income tax expense	53,824		33,757
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Basic net income per share	$	2.08	$	1.92
Diluted net income per share	$	2.08	$	1.91
Cash dividends per share	$	0.805	$	0.740
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,937
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $86 and $25	296		87
Cash flow hedges:
Amortization and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate agreements, net of tax of $(14,519) and $6,397	(50,232)		22,131
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)		22,218
Total comprehensive income	$	261,356	$	294,078

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	164,608		146,020
Deferred income taxes	44,108		29,693
Other	(16,839)		(17,508)
Net assets / liabilities from risk management activities	5,589		218
Net change in other operating assets and liabilities	(263,478)		(241,383)
Net cash provided by operating activities	245,280		188,900
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(769,650)		(795,660)
Debt and equity securities activities, net	(78)		(2,472)
Other, net	5,353		5,621
Net cash used in investing activities	(764,375)		(792,511)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net decrease in short-term debt	(241,933)		(184,967)
Net proceeds from equity issuances	254,022		220,000
Issuance of common stock through stock purchase and employee retirement plans	3,746		3,779
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	898,275		797,258
Cash dividends paid	(119,898)		(104,552)
Debt issuance costs	(8,920)		(7,864)
Net cash provided by financing activities	785,292		723,654
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	266,197		120,043
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,248		51,554
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	285,445	$	171,597

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

December 31, 2023

1.    Nature of Business

Atmos Energy Corporation (“Atmos Energy” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries are engaged in the regulated natural gas distribution and pipeline and storage businesses. Our distribution business is subject to federal and state regulation and/or regulation by local authorities in each of the states in which our regulated divisions and subsidiaries operate.

Our distribution business delivers natural gas through sales and transportation arrangements to over 3.3 million residential, commercial, public authority and industrial customers through our six regulated distribution divisions, which at December 31, 2023, covered service areas located in eight states.

Our pipeline and storage business, which is also subject to federal and state regulations, includes the transportation of natural gas to our Texas and Louisiana distribution systems and the management of our underground storage facilities used to support our distribution business in various states.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated interim-period financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States on the same basis as those used for the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the unaudited consolidated interim-period financial statements. These consolidated interim-period financial statements are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Atmos Energy Corporation included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Because of seasonal and other factors, the results of operations for the three-month period ended December 31, 2023 are not indicative of our results of operations for the full 2024 fiscal year, which ends September 30, 2024.

Significant accounting policies

Our accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Except as described in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, no events have occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 and our Form 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this may have on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this amendment may have on our financial statement disclosures.

3.    Regulation

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require cost-based, rate-regulated entities that meet certain criteria to reflect the authorized recovery of costs due to regulatory decisions in their financial statements. As a result, certain costs are permitted to be capitalized rather than expensed because they can be recovered through rates. We record certain costs as regulatory assets when future recovery through customer rates is considered probable. Regulatory liabilities are recorded

6

when it is probable that revenues will be reduced for amounts that will be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. Substantially all of our regulatory assets are recorded as a component of other current assets and deferred charges and other assets and our regulatory liabilities are recorded as a component of other current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities. Deferred gas costs are recorded either in other current assets or liabilities.

Significant regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 included the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Regulatory assets:
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	$	18,295	$	20,629
Infrastructure mechanisms (1)	167,965		229,996
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs	28,328		32,115
Deferred gas costs	129,891		148,297
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	47,772		47,549
Recoverable loss on reacquired debt	3,196		3,238
Deferred pipeline record collection costs	59,830		54,008
Other	16,518		19,096
	$	471,795	$	554,928
Regulatory liabilities:
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	$	343,075	$	384,513
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	584,640		582,867
Deferred gas costs	20,889		23,093
APT annual adjustment mechanism	47,768		49,894
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	211,600		215,913
Other	28,777		28,054
	$	1,236,749	$	1,284,334

(1)Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas, Louisiana, and Tennessee allow for the deferral of all eligible expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, including the recording of interest on deferred expenses until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.

(2)Regulatory excess deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA") and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Securitization

Kansas

See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for securitization and other information related to Atmos Energy Kansas Securitization I, LLC (AEK).

Texas

In March 2023, the Texas Natural Gas Securitization Finance Corporation (the Finance Corporation), with the authority of the Texas Public Finance Authority (TPFA), issued $3.5 billion in customer rate relief bonds with varying scheduled final maturities from 12 to 18 years. The bonds are obligations of the Finance Corporation, payable from the customer rate relief charges and other bond collateral, and are not an obligation of Atmos Energy. We began collecting the customer rate relief charges on October 1, 2023, and any such property collected is solely owned by the Finance Corporation and not available to pay creditors of Atmos Energy.

Additionally, we deferred $32.4 million in carrying costs incurred after September 1, 2022. Effective October 1, 2023, we began recovering a portion of these carrying costs. We have recorded $17.4 million and $21.2 million as a current asset in other current assets as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. We anticipate recovering the remaining $10.9 million in future regulatory filings and have recorded this amount as a long-term asset in deferred charges and other assets as of December 31, 2023.

7

4.    Segment Information

 We manage and review our consolidated operations through the following reportable segments:

•The distribution segment is primarily comprised of our regulated natural gas distribution and related sales operations in eight states.

•The pipeline and storage segment is comprised primarily of the pipeline and storage operations of our Atmos Pipeline-Texas division and our natural gas transmission operations in Louisiana.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Income statements and capital expenditures for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 by segment are presented in the following tables:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,104,619	$	53,848	$	—	$	1,158,467
Intersegment revenues	719		157,321		(158,040)		—
Total operating revenues	1,105,338		211,169		(158,040)		1,158,467
Purchased gas cost	496,662		4		(157,797)		338,869
Operation and maintenance expense	127,615		38,973		(243)		166,345
Depreciation and amortization expense	119,685		44,923		—		164,608
Taxes, other than income	80,895		8,645		—		89,540
Operating income	280,481		118,624		—		399,105
Other non-operating income	5,839		12,047		—		17,886
Interest charges	34,581		17,294		—		51,875
Income before income taxes	251,739		113,377		—		365,116
Income tax expense	30,302		23,522		—		53,824
Net income	$	221,437	$	89,855	$	—	$	311,292
Capital expenditures	$	539,158	$	230,492	$	—	$	769,650

8

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,439,693	$	44,316	$	—	$	1,484,009
Intersegment revenues	733		142,313		(143,046)		—
Total operating revenues	1,440,426		186,629		(143,046)		1,484,009
Purchased gas cost	881,915		(858)		(142,808)		738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	136,469		48,785		(238)		185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	105,664		40,356		—		146,020
Taxes, other than income	84,622		8,916		—		93,538
Operating income	231,756		89,430		—		321,186
Other non-operating income	6,774		14,417		—		21,191
Interest charges	22,839		13,921		—		36,760
Income before income taxes	215,691		89,926		—		305,617
Income tax expense	21,223		12,534		—		33,757
Net income	$	194,468	$	77,392	$	—	$	271,860
Capital expenditures	$	443,544	$	352,116	$	—	$	795,660

Balance sheet information at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 by segment is presented in the following tables:

	December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,907,406	$	5,412,075	$	—	$	20,319,481
Total assets	$	22,874,926	$	5,721,542	$	(4,912,225)	$	23,684,243

	September 30, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,402,578	$	5,204,005	$	—	$	19,606,583
Total assets	$	21,716,467	$	5,504,972	$	(4,704,471)	$	22,516,968

5.    Earnings Per Share

We use the two-class method of computing earnings per share because we have participating securities in the form of non-vested restricted stock units with a nonforfeitable right to dividend equivalents, for which vesting is predicated solely on the passage of time. The calculation of earnings per share using the two-class method excludes income attributable to these participating securities from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. Basic weighted average shares outstanding is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Also, this calculation includes fully vested stock awards that have not yet been issued as common stock. Additionally, the weighted average shares outstanding for diluted EPS includes the incremental effects of the forward sale agreements, discussed in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, when the impact is dilutive.

9

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Less: Income allocated to participating securities	186		167
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Net income per share — Basic	$	2.08	$	1.92
Diluted Earnings Per Share
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Dilutive shares	—		117
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,937
Net income per share — Diluted	$	2.08	$	1.91

6.    Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Revenue

Our revenue recognition policy is fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The following tables disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by customer type and segment and provide a reconciliation to total operating revenues, including intersegment revenues, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023				Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Distribution		Pipeline and Storage
	(In thousands)
Gas sales revenues:
Residential	$	727,682	$	—	$	953,051	$	—
Commercial	277,253		—		388,667		—
Industrial	28,231		—		59,215		—
Public authority and other	14,584		—		22,826		—
Total gas sales revenues	1,047,750		—		1,423,759		—
Transportation revenues	33,767		215,305		32,162		195,252
Miscellaneous revenues	2,643		3,042		2,282		2,722
Revenues from contracts with customers	1,084,160		218,347		1,458,203		197,974
Alternative revenue program revenues	17,401		(7,178)		(18,322)		(11,345)
Other revenues	3,777		—		545		—
Total operating revenues	$	1,105,338	$	211,169	$	1,440,426	$	186,629

We have alternative revenue programs in each of our segments. In our distribution segment, we have weather-normalization adjustment mechanisms that serve to mitigate the effects of weather on our revenue. In our pipeline and storage segment, APT has a regulatory mechanism that requires that we share with its tariffed customers 75% of the difference between the total non-tariffed revenues earned during a test period and a revenue benchmark established by the RRC. With the completion of APT's most recent rate case in December 2023, the revenue benchmark was increased from $69.4 million to $106.9 million. Other revenues includes AEK revenues (see Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements) and other miscellaneous revenues.

10

Accounts receivable and allowance for uncollectible accounts

Accounts receivable arise from natural gas sales to residential, commercial, industrial, public authority and other customers. Our accounts receivable balance includes unbilled amounts which represent a customer’s consumption of gas from the date of the last cycle billing through the last day of the month. Our policy related to the accounting for our accounts receivable and allowance for uncollectible accounts is fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes to this policy. Rollforwards of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the table below. The allowance excludes the gas cost portion of customers’ bills for approximately 88 percent of our customers as we have the ability to collect these gas costs through our gas cost recovery mechanisms in most of our jurisdictions.

In December 2023, the Mississippi Public Service Commission approved the recovery of uncollectible accounts through our purchased gas cost mechanism over a two-year period rather than through our annual filing mechanism over a one-year period. As a result of this decision, we recorded a $13.9 million reduction to bad debt expense during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Of this amount, $9.7 million represents future recovery of customer receivables previously written off since April 2022 but not yet recovered through our rates. This amount increased our deferred gas cost regulatory asset. The remaining $4.2 million reduction represents a reversal of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for customer balances that have not yet been written off.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2023	$	40,840
Current period provisions	6,750
Write-offs charged against allowance	(8,757)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	765
Mississippi recovery of uncollectible accounts	(4,192)
Ending balance, December 31, 2023	$	35,406

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2022	$	49,993
Current period provisions	7,233
Write-offs charged against allowance	(10,421)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	808
Ending balance, December 31, 2022	$	47,613

11

7.    Debt

The nature and terms of our debt instruments and credit facilities are described in detail in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Other than as described below, there were no material changes in the terms of our debt instruments during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Long-term debt at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Unsecured 3.00% Senior Notes, due June 2027	$	500,000	$	500,000
Unsecured 2.625% Senior Notes, due September 2029	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 1.50% Senior Notes, due January 2031	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.45% Senior Notes, due October 2032	300,000		300,000
Unsecured 5.90% Senior Notes, due October 2033	400,000		—
Unsecured 5.95% Senior Notes, due October 2034	200,000		200,000
Unsecured 5.50% Senior Notes, due June 2041	400,000		400,000
Unsecured 4.15% Senior Notes, due January 2043	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due October 2044	750,000		750,000
Unsecured 4.30% Senior Notes, due October 2048	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due March 2049	450,000		450,000
Unsecured 3.375% Senior Notes, due September 2049	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 2.85% Senior Notes, due February 2052	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.75% Senior Notes, due October 2052	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 6.20% Senior Notes, due October 2053	500,000		—
Medium-term note Series A, 1995-1, 6.67%, due December 2025	10,000		10,000
Unsecured 6.75% Debentures, due July 2028	150,000		150,000
Finance lease obligations	50,052		50,393
Total long-term debt	7,510,052		6,610,393
Less:
Original issue discount on unsecured senior notes and debentures	7,723		6,104
Debt issuance cost	56,573		48,588
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561		1,568
Total long-term debt, net	$	7,444,195	$	6,554,133

On October 10, 2023, we completed a public offering of $500 million of 6.20% senior notes due October 2053, with an effective interest rate of 5.56%, after giving effect to the offering costs and settlement of our interest rate swaps, and $400 million of 5.90% senior notes due October 2033, with an effective interest rate of 4.35%, after giving effect to the offering costs and settlement of our interest rate swaps. The net proceeds from the offering, after the underwriting discount and offering expenses, of $889.4 million were used for general corporate purposes.

Short-term debt

We utilize short-term debt to provide cost-effective, short-term financing until it can be replaced with a balance of long-term debt and equity financing that achieves the Company’s desired capital structure. Our short-term borrowing requirements are driven primarily by construction work in progress and the seasonal nature of the natural gas business.

Our short-term borrowing requirements are satisfied through a combination of a $1.5 billion commercial paper program and four committed revolving credit facilities with third-party lenders that provide $2.5 billion of total working capital funding.

Our commercial paper program is supported by a five-year unsecured $1.5 billion credit facility that expires on March 31, 2027. This facility bears interest at a base rate or at a SOFR-based rate for the applicable interest period, plus a margin ranging from zero percent to 0.25 percent for base rate advances or a margin ranging from 0.75 percent to 1.25 percent for SOFR-based advances, based on the Company’s credit ratings. Additionally, the facility contains a $250 million accordion feature, which provides the opportunity to increase the total committed loan to $1.75 billion. At December 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program. At September 30, 2023, there was $241.9 million outstanding under our commercial paper program.

12

We also have a $900 million three-year unsecured revolving credit facility, which expires March 31, 2025 and is used to provide additional working capital funding. This facility bears interest at a base rate or at a SOFR-based rate for the applicable interest period, plus a margin ranging from zero percent to 0.25 percent for base rate advances or a margin ranging from 0.75 percent to 1.25 percent for SOFR-based advances, based on the Company's credit ratings. Additionally, the facility contains a $100 million accordion feature, which provides the opportunity to increase the total committed loan to $1.0 billion. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

Additionally, we have a $50 million 364-day unsecured facility, which will expire March 31, 2024 and is used to provide working capital funding. There were no borrowings outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

Finally, we have a $50 million 364-day unsecured revolving credit facility, which will expire March 31, 2024 and is used to issue letters of credit and to provide working capital funding. At December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility; however, outstanding letters of credit reduced the total amount available to us to $44.4 million.

Debt covenants

The availability of funds under these credit facilities is subject to conditions specified in the respective credit agreements, all of which we currently satisfy. These conditions include our compliance with financial covenants and the continued accuracy of representations and warranties contained in these agreements. We are required by the financial covenants in each of these facilities to maintain, at the end of each fiscal quarter, a ratio of total-debt-to-total-capitalization of no greater than 70 percent. At December 31, 2023, our total-debt-to-total-capitalization ratio, as defined in the agreements, was 41 percent. In addition, both the interest margin and the fee that we pay on unused amounts under certain of these facilities are subject to adjustment depending upon our credit ratings.

These credit facilities and our public indentures contain usual and customary covenants for our business, including covenants substantially limiting liens, substantial asset sales and mergers. Additionally, our public debt indentures relating to our senior notes and debentures, as well as certain of our revolving credit agreements, each contain a default provision that is triggered if outstanding indebtedness arising out of any other credit agreements in amounts ranging from in excess of $15 million to in excess of $100 million becomes due by acceleration or if not paid at maturity. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of December 31, 2023. If we were unable to comply with our debt covenants, we would likely be required to repay our outstanding balances on demand, provide additional collateral or take other corrective actions.

8.    Shareholders' Equity

The following tables present a reconciliation of changes in stockholders' equity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2023	148,492,783	$	742	$	6,684,120	$	518,528	$	3,666,674	$	10,870,064
Net income	—	—		—		—		311,292		311,292
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(49,936)		—		(49,936)
Cash dividends ($0.805 per share)	—	—		—		—		(119,898)		(119,898)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,177,864	11		257,757		—		—		257,768
Stock-based compensation plans	163,750	1		3,918		—		—		3,919
Balance, December 31, 2023	150,834,397	$	754	$	6,945,795	$	468,592	$	3,858,068	$	11,273,209

13

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2022	140,896,598	$	704	$	5,838,118	$	369,112	$	3,211,157	$	9,419,091
Net income	—	—		—		—		271,860		271,860
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		22,218		—		22,218
Cash dividends ($0.74 per share)	—	—		—		—		(104,552)		(104,552)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,147,210	11		223,768		—		—		223,779
Stock-based compensation plans	111,953	1		3,877		—		—		3,878
Balance, December 31, 2022	143,155,761	$	716	$	6,065,763	$	391,330	$	3,378,465	$	9,836,274

Shelf Registration, At-the-Market Equity Sales Program and Equity Issuances

We have a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows us to issue up to $5.0 billion in common stock and/or debt securities, which expires March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2023, $3.1 billion of securities were available for issuance under this shelf registration statement.

We have an at-the-market (ATM) equity sales program under which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $1.0 billion through March 31, 2026 (including shares of common stock that may be sold pursuant to forward sale agreements entered into concurrently with the ATM equity sales program).

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we executed forward sales under our ATM equity sales program with various forward sellers who borrowed and sold 2,284,076 shares of our common stock at an aggregate price of $261.4 million. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we also settled forward sale agreements with respect to 2,144,558 shares that had been borrowed and sold by various forward sellers under the ATM program for net proceeds of $254.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, $499.1 million of equity was available for issuance under our existing ATM program. Additionally, we had $473.5 million in available proceeds from outstanding forward sale agreements, as detailed below.

Maturity	Shares Available	Net Proceeds Available (In thousands)		Forward Price
September 30, 2024	861,655	$	101,376	$	117.65
December 31, 2024	2,176,974	250,866		$	115.24
June 30, 2025	1,061,914	121,230		$	114.16
Total	4,100,543	$	473,472	$	115.47

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

We record deferred gains (losses) in AOCI related to available-for-sale debt securities and interest rate agreement cash flow hedges. Deferred gains (losses) for our available-for-sale debt securities are recognized in earnings upon settlement, while deferred gains (losses) related to our interest rate agreement cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the related financing. The following tables provide the components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of the related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss).

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2023	$	(369)	$	518,897	$	518,528
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	296		(47,741)		(47,445)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(2,491)		(2,491)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	296		(50,232)		(49,936)
December 31, 2023	$	(73)	$	468,665	$	468,592

14

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022	$	(495)	$	369,607	$	369,112
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	87		22,661		22,748
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(530)		(530)
Net current-period other comprehensive income	87		22,131		22,218
December 31, 2022	$	(408)	$	391,738	$	391,330

9.    Variable Interest Entity

Atmos Energy Kansas Securitization I, LLC (AEK), a special-purpose entity wholly owned by Atmos Energy, was formed for the purpose of issuing securitized bonds to recover extraordinary costs incurred during Winter Storm Uri. In June 2023, AEK completed a public offering of $95 million of Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds. AEK's assets cannot be used to settle Atmos Energy's obligations, and the holders of the Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds have no recourse against Atmos Energy.

AEK is considered to be a variable interest entity. As a result, AEK is included in the condensed consolidated financial statements of Atmos Energy.

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	7,130	$	3,844
Other current assets	$	23	$	11
Securitized intangible asset, net	$	90,036	$	92,202
Accrued interest	$	2,598	$	1,374
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt	$	9,922	$	9,922
Securitized long-term debt	$	85,078	$	85,078

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income, for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	3,333
Amortization expense	(2,166)
Interest expense, net	(1,167)
Income before income taxes	$	—

The securitized long-term debt is recorded at carrying value. The fair value of the securitized long-term debt is determined using third party market value quotations, which are considered Level 2 fair value measurements for debt instruments where fair value is determined using the most recent available quoted market price. The carrying value and fair value of the securitized long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 is $95.0 million and $96.2 million.

10.     Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information

The components of our net periodic pension cost for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the following tables. Most of these costs are recoverable through our tariff rates. A portion of these costs is capitalized into our rate base or deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. The remaining costs are recorded as a component of operation and maintenance expense or other non-operating expense.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, due to the retirement of an executive, we recognized a settlement charge of $0.8 million associated with our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and revalued the net periodic pension cost for the remainder of fiscal 2024. The revaluation of the net periodic pension cost for our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan resulted in a

15

decrease in the discount rate, effective November 30, 2023, to 5.82% from 6.17%, which will decrease our net periodic pension cost by approximately $0.4 million for the remainder of the fiscal year.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost	$	2,389	$	2,908	$	1,507	$	1,546
Interest cost (1)	7,497		7,325		3,509		3,478
Expected return on assets (1)	(7,202)		(7,278)		(3,128)		(2,804)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) (1)	—		(30)		(3,260)		(3,285)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss (1)	118		164		(2,718)		(1,863)
Settlements (1)	776		—		—		—
Net periodic pension cost	$	3,578	$	3,089	$	(4,090)	$	(2,928)

(1)    The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item other non-operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income or are capitalized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a regulatory asset or liability, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

11.    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Environmental Matters

In the normal course of business, we are subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings. For such matters, we record liabilities when they are considered probable and estimable, based on currently available facts, our historical experience and our estimates of the ultimate outcome or resolution of the liability in the future. While the outcome of these proceedings is uncertain and a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued is possible though not reasonably estimable, it is the opinion of management that any amounts exceeding the accruals will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is investigating an incident that occurred at a Jackson, Mississippi residence on January 24, 2024 that resulted in one fatality. Atmos Energy is working closely with the NTSB and other state and federal regulators to help determine causal factors.

We are a party to various other litigation and environmental-related matters or claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business. While the results of such litigation and response actions to such environmental-related matters or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we continue to believe the final outcome of such litigation and matters or claims will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Purchase Commitments

Our distribution divisions maintain supply contracts with several vendors that generally cover a period of up to one year. Commitments for estimated base gas volumes are established under these contracts on a monthly basis at contractually negotiated prices. Commitments for incremental daily purchases are made as necessary during the month in accordance with the terms of the individual contract.

Our Mid-Tex Division also maintains a limited number of long-term supply contracts to ensure a reliable source of gas for our customers in its service area, which obligate it to purchase specified volumes at prices under contracts indexed to natural gas hubs or fixed price contracts. These purchase commitment contracts are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. At December 31, 2023, we were committed to purchase 71.8 Bcf within one year and 51.3 Bcf within two to three years under indexed contracts. At December 31, 2023, we were committed to purchase 12.5 Bcf within one year under fixed price contracts with a weighted average price of $2.89 per Mcf.

Rate Regulatory Proceedings

As of December 31, 2023, routine rate regulatory proceedings were in progress in several of our service areas, which are discussed in further detail below in Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Recent Ratemaking Developments. Except for these proceedings, there were no material changes to rate regulatory proceedings for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

16

12.    Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense

Our interim effective tax rates reflect the estimated annual effective tax rates for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, adjusted for tax expense associated with certain discrete items. The effective tax rates for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 14.7% and 11.0%. These effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the amortization of excess deferred federal income tax liabilities, tax credits, state income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences. These adjustments have a relative impact on the effective tax rate proportionally to pretax income or loss.

Regulatory Excess Deferred Taxes

Regulatory excess net deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the TCJA) and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. Currently, the regulatory excess net deferred tax liability of $295.3 million is being returned over various periods. Of this amount, $241.9 million is being returned to customers over 12 - 60 months. An additional $52.4 million is being returned to customers on a provisional basis over 15 - 69 years until our regulators establish the final refund periods. The refund of the remaining $1.0 million will be addressed in future rate proceedings.

As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, $111.1 million and $131.3 million is recorded in other current liabilities.

13.    Financial Instruments

We currently use financial instruments to mitigate commodity price risk and interest rate risk. The objectives and strategies for using financial instruments and the related accounting for these financial instruments are fully described in Notes 2 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our objectives, strategies and accounting for using financial instruments. Our financial instruments do not contain any credit-risk-related or other contingent features that could cause payments to be accelerated when our financial instruments are in net liability positions. The following summarizes those objectives and strategies.

Commodity Risk Management Activities

Our purchased gas cost adjustment mechanisms essentially insulate our distribution segment from commodity price risk; however, our customers are exposed to the effects of volatile natural gas prices. We manage this exposure through a combination of physical storage, fixed-price forward contracts and financial instruments, primarily over-the-counter swap and option contracts, in an effort to minimize the impact of natural gas price volatility on our customers during the winter heating season.

We typically seek to hedge between 25 and 50 percent of anticipated heating season gas purchases using financial instruments. For the 2023-2024 heating season (generally October through March), in the jurisdictions where we are permitted to utilize financial instruments, we anticipate hedging approximately 30.2 Bcf, of the winter flowing gas requirements. We have not designated these financial instruments as hedges for accounting purposes.

Interest Rate Risk Management Activities

We manage interest rate risk by periodically entering into financial instruments to effectively fix the Treasury yield component of the interest cost associated with anticipated financings.

The following table summarizes our existing forward starting interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2023. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges at the time the agreements were executed.

Planned Debt Issuance Date	Amount Hedged
	(In thousands)
Fiscal 2025	$	600,000
Fiscal 2026	300,000
	$	900,000

17

Quantitative Disclosures Related to Financial Instruments

The following tables present detailed information concerning the impact of financial instruments on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and statements of comprehensive income.

As of December 31, 2023, our financial instruments were comprised of both long and short commodity positions. A long position is a contract to purchase the commodity, while a short position is a contract to sell the commodity. As of December 31, 2023, we had 20,045 MMcf of net long commodity contracts outstanding. These contracts have not been designated as hedges.

Financial Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The following tables present the fair value and balance sheet classification of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. The gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities are netted within our condensed consolidated balance sheets to the extent that we have netting arrangements with our counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no gross amounts and no cash collateral were netted within our consolidated balance sheet.

		December 31, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	$	232,975	$	—
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	84,586		—
Total		317,561		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	2,545		(19,819)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	761		(1,777)
Total		3,306		(21,596)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	320,867	$	(21,596)

		September 30, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	$	379,101	$	—
Total		379,101		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	4,071		(14,584)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	2,492		(824)
Total		6,563		(15,408)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	385,664	$	(15,408)

Impact of Financial Instruments on the Statement of Comprehensive Income

Cash Flow Hedges

As discussed above, our distribution segment has interest rate agreements, which we designated as cash flow hedges at the time the agreements were executed. The net (gain) loss on settled interest rate agreements reclassified from AOCI into

18

interest charges on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $(3.2) million and $(0.7) million.

The following table summarizes the gains and losses arising from hedging transactions that were recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Increase (decrease) in fair value:
Interest rate agreements	$	(47,741)	$	22,661
Recognition of (gains) losses in earnings due to settlements:
Interest rate agreements	(2,491)		(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) from hedging, net of tax	$	(50,232)	$	22,131

Deferred gains (losses) recorded in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements are recognized in earnings as they are amortized over the terms of the underlying debt instruments. As of December 31, 2023, we had $222.3 million of net realized gains in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements. The following amounts, net of deferred taxes, represent the expected recognition in earnings of the deferred net gains recorded in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements, based upon the fair values of these agreements at the date of settlement. The remaining amortization periods for these settled amounts extend through fiscal 2053. However, the table below does not include the expected recognition in earnings of our outstanding interest rate swaps as those instruments have not yet settled.

	Interest Rate Agreements
	(In thousands)
Next twelve months	$	9,965
Thereafter	212,342
Total	$	222,307

Financial Instruments Not Designated as Hedges

As discussed above, commodity contracts which are used in our distribution segment are not designated as hedges. However, there is no earnings impact on our distribution segment as a result of the use of these financial instruments because the gains and losses arising from the use of these financial instruments are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as a component of purchased gas cost when the related costs are recovered through our rates and recognized in revenue. Accordingly, the impact of these financial instruments is excluded from this presentation.

14.    Fair Value Measurements

We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We record cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt at carrying value, which substantially approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. For other financial assets and liabilities, we primarily use quoted market prices and other observable market pricing information to minimize the use of unobservable pricing inputs in our measurements when determining fair value. The methods used to determine fair value for our assets and liabilities are fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in these methods.

Fair value measurements also apply to the valuation of our pension and postretirement plan assets. Current accounting guidance requires employers to annually disclose information about fair value measurements of the assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The fair value of these assets is presented in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

19

Quantitative Disclosures

Financial Instruments

The classification of our fair value measurements requires judgment regarding the degree to which market data is observable or corroborated by observable market data. Authoritative accounting literature establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value based on observable and unobservable data. The hierarchy categorizes the inputs into three levels, with the highest priority given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), with the lowest priority given to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following tables summarize, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. Assets and liabilities are categorized in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	320,867	$	—	$	—	$	320,867
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	28,466		—		—		—		28,466
Bond mutual funds	38,584		—		—		—		38,584
Bonds (2)	—		36,343		—		—		36,343
Money market funds	—		3,861		—		—		3,861
Total debt and equity securities	67,050		40,204		—		—		107,254
Total assets	$	67,050	$	361,071	$	—	$	—	$	428,121
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	21,596	$	—	$	—	$	21,596

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	385,664	$	—	$	—	$	385,664
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	26,685		—		—		—		26,685
Bond mutual funds	37,573		—		—		—		37,573
Bonds (2)	—		35,507		—		—		35,507
Money market funds	—		4,837		—		—		4,837
Total debt and equity securities	64,258		40,344		—		—		104,602
Total assets	$	64,258	$	426,008	$	—	$	—	$	490,266
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	15,408	$	—	$	—	$	15,408

(1)Our Level 2 measurements consist of over-the-counter options and swaps, which are valued using a market-based approach in which observable market prices are adjusted for criteria specific to each instrument, such as the strike price, notional amount or basis differences, municipal and corporate bonds, which are valued based on the most recent available quoted market prices and money market funds that are valued at cost.

(2)Our investments in bonds are considered available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with current accounting guidance.

Debt and equity securities are comprised of our available-for-sale debt securities and our equity securities. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, we evaluate the performance of our available-for-sale debt securities on an investment by investment basis for

20

impairment, taking into consideration the investment’s purpose, volatility, current returns and any intent to sell the security. As of December 31, 2023, no allowance for credit losses was recorded for our available-for-sale debt securities. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the amortized cost of our available-for-sale debt securities was $36.4 million and $36.0 million. At December 31, 2023, we maintained investments in bonds that have contractual maturity dates ranging from January 2024 through November 2026.

Other Fair Value Measures

Our long-term debt is recorded at carrying value. The fair value of our long-term debt, excluding finance leases, is determined using third party market value quotations, which are considered Level 1 fair value measurements for debt instruments with a recent, observable trade or Level 2 fair value measurements for debt instruments where fair value is determined using the most recent available quoted market price. The carrying value of our finance leases materially approximates fair value. The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of our long-term debt, excluding finance leases, debt issuance costs and original issue premium or discount, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Carrying Amount	$	7,460,000	$	6,560,000
Fair Value	$	6,963,106	$	5,402,591

15.    Concentration of Credit Risk

Information regarding our concentration of credit risk is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our concentration of credit risk.

21

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Atmos Energy Corporation

Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of Atmos Energy Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2023, the related condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and cash flows for the for the three month periods ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "condensed consolidated interim financial statements"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of September 30, 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (not presented herein); and in our report dated November 14, 2023, we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/    ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Dallas, Texas

February 6, 2024

22

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Management’s Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.

Cautionary Statement for the Purposes of the Safe Harbor under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Report are forward-looking statements made in good faith by us and are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this Report, or any other of our documents or oral presentations, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “forecast”, “goal”, “intend”, “objective”, “plan”, “projection”, “seek”, “strategy” or similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the statements relating to our strategy, operations, markets, services, rates, recovery of costs, availability of gas supply and other factors. These risks and uncertainties include the following: federal, state and local regulatory and political trends and decisions, including the impact of rate proceedings before various state regulatory commissions; increased federal regulatory oversight and potential penalties; possible increased federal, state and local regulation of the safety of our operations; possible significant costs and liabilities resulting from pipeline integrity and other similar programs and related repairs; the inherent hazards and risks involved in distributing, transporting and storing natural gas; the availability and accessibility of contracted gas supplies, interstate pipeline and/or storage services; increased competition from energy suppliers and alternative forms of energy; failure to attract and retain a qualified workforce; natural disasters, terrorist activities or other events and other risks and uncertainties discussed herein, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control; increased dependence on technology that may hinder the Company's business if such technologies fail; the threat of cyber-attacks or acts of cyber-terrorism that could disrupt our business operations and information technology systems or result in the loss or exposure of confidential or sensitive customer, employee or Company information; the impact of new cybersecurity compliance requirements; adverse weather conditions; the impact of greenhouse gas emissions or other legislation or regulations intended to address climate change; the impact of climate change; the capital-intensive nature of our business; our ability to continue to access the credit and capital markets to execute our business strategy; market risks beyond our control affecting our risk management activities, including commodity price volatility, counterparty performance or creditworthiness and interest rate risk; the concentration of our operations in Texas; the impact of adverse economic conditions on our customers; changes in the availability and price of natural gas; and increased costs of providing health care benefits, along with pension and postretirement health care benefits and increased funding requirements. Accordingly, while we believe these forward-looking statements to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that they will approximate actual experience or that the expectations derived from them will be realized. Further, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of our forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

OVERVIEW

Atmos Energy and our subsidiaries are engaged in the regulated natural gas distribution and pipeline and storage businesses. We distribute natural gas through sales and transportation arrangements to over 3.3 million residential, commercial, public authority and industrial customers throughout our six distribution divisions, which at December 31, 2023 covered service areas located in eight states. In addition, we transport natural gas for others through our distribution and pipeline systems.

We manage and review our consolidated operations through the following reportable segments:

•The distribution segment is primarily comprised of our regulated natural gas distribution and related sales operations in eight states.

•The pipeline and storage segment is comprised primarily of the pipeline and storage operations of our Atmos Pipeline-Texas division and our natural gas transmission operations in Louisiana.

23

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND POLICIES

Our condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We based our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, legal and environmental accruals, insurance accruals, pension and postretirement obligations, deferred income taxes and the valuation of goodwill and other long-lived assets. Actual results may differ from such estimates.

Our critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 and include the following:

•Regulation

•Pension and other postretirement plans

•Impairment assessments

Our critical accounting policies are reviewed periodically by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. There were no significant changes to these critical accounting policies during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Executive Summary

Atmos Energy strives to operate our businesses safely and reliably while delivering superior financial results. Our commitment to modernizing our natural gas distribution and transmission systems requires a significant level of capital spending. We have the ability to begin recovering a significant portion of these investments timely through rate designs and mechanisms that reduce or eliminate regulatory lag and separate the recovery of our approved rate from customer usage patterns. The execution of our capital spending program, the ability to recover these investments timely and our ability to access the capital markets to satisfy our financing needs are the primary drivers that affect our financial performance.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recorded net income of $311.3 million, or $2.08 per diluted share, compared to net income of $271.9 million, or $1.91 per diluted share for the three months ended December 31, 2022.

The 14 percent year-over-year increase in net income largely reflects positive rate outcomes driven by safety and reliability spending and lower bad debt expense. Additionally, our fiscal 2024 year to date results were favorably impacted by $5.6 million as a result of legislation that became effective during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 to reduce property tax expenses in Texas. These increases were partially offset by increased depreciation expense and higher interest expense.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we implemented, or received approval to implement, ratemaking regulatory actions which resulted in an increase in annual operating income of $161.9 million. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, we had ratemaking efforts in progress seeking a total increase in annual operating income of $3.9 million.

Capital expenditures for the three months ended December 31, 2023 were $769.7 million. Approximately 82 percent was invested to improve the safety and reliability of our distribution and transportation systems, with a significant portion of this investment incurred under regulatory mechanisms that reduce lag to six months or less.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we completed approximately $1.1 billion of long-term debt and equity financing. As of December 31, 2023, our equity capitalization was 60.2 percent. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $3.2 billion in total liquidity, consisting of $278.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, $473.5 million in funds available through equity forward sales agreements and $2,494.4 million in undrawn capacity under our credit facilities.

The following discusses the results of operations for each of our operating segments.

Distribution Segment

The distribution segment is primarily comprised of our regulated natural gas distribution and related sales operations in eight states. The primary factors that impact the results of this segment are our ability to earn our authorized rates of return, competitive factors in the energy industry and economic conditions in our service areas.

Our ability to earn our authorized rates of return is based primarily on our ability to improve the rate design in our various ratemaking jurisdictions to minimize regulatory lag and, ultimately, separate the recovery of our approved rates from customer usage patterns. Improving rate design is a long-term process and is further complicated by the fact that we operate in multiple rate jurisdictions. Under our current rate design, approximately 70 percent of our distribution segment revenues are earned through the first six months of the fiscal year. Additionally, we currently recover approximately 50 percent of our distribution

24

segment revenue, excluding gas costs, through the base customer charge, which partially separates the recovery of our approved rate from customer usage patterns.

Seasonal weather patterns can also affect our distribution operations. However, the effect of weather that is above or below normal is substantially offset through weather normalization adjustments, known as WNA, which have been approved by state regulatory commissions for approximately 96 percent of our residential and commercial revenues in the following states for the following time periods:

Kansas, West Texas	October — May
Tennessee	October — April
Kentucky, Mississippi, Mid-Tex	November — April
Louisiana	December — March
Virginia	January — December

Our distribution operations are also affected by the cost of natural gas. We are generally able to pass the cost of gas through to our customers without markup under purchased gas cost adjustment mechanisms; therefore, increases in the cost of gas are offset by a corresponding increase in revenues. Revenues in our Texas and Mississippi service areas include franchise fees and gross receipts taxes, which are calculated as a percentage of revenue (inclusive of gas costs). Therefore, the amount of these taxes included in revenues is influenced by the cost of gas and the level of gas sales volumes. We record the associated tax expense as a component of taxes, other than income.

The cost of gas typically does not have a direct impact on our operating income because these costs are recovered through our purchased gas cost adjustment mechanisms. However, higher gas costs may adversely impact our accounts receivable collections, resulting in higher bad debt expense. This risk is currently mitigated by rate design that allows us to collect from our customers the gas cost portion of our bad debt expense on approximately 88 percent of our residential and commercial revenues. Additionally, higher gas costs may require us to increase borrowings under our credit facilities, resulting in higher interest expense. Finally, higher gas costs, as well as competitive factors in the industry and general economic conditions may cause customers to conserve or, in the case of industrial consumers, to use alternative energy sources.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 compared with Three Months Ended December 31, 2022

Financial and operational highlights for our distribution segment for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022		Change
	(In thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Operating revenues	$	1,105,338	$	1,440,426	$	(335,088)
Purchased gas cost	496,662		881,915		(385,253)
Operating expenses	328,195		326,755		1,440
Operating income	280,481		231,756		48,725
Other non-operating income	5,839		6,774		(935)
Interest charges	34,581		22,839		11,742
Income before income taxes	251,739		215,691		36,048
Income tax expense	30,302		21,223		9,079
Net income	$	221,437	$	194,468	$	26,969
Consolidated distribution sales volumes — MMcf	82,716		100,078		(17,362)
Consolidated distribution transportation volumes — MMcf	40,500		40,600		(100)
Total consolidated distribution throughput — MMcf	123,216		140,678		(17,462)
Consolidated distribution average cost of gas per Mcf sold	$	6.00	$	8.81	$	(2.81)

Operating income for our distribution segment increased 21.0 percent. Key drivers for the change in operating income include:

•a $64.6 million increase in rate adjustments, primarily in our Mid-Tex Division.

•a $5.3 million increase related to residential customer growth, primarily in our Mid-Tex Division.

25

•a $13.2 million decrease in bad debt expense, as discussed in Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Partially offset by:

•an $8.5 million decrease in consumption, net of WNA.

•a $14.0 million increase in depreciation expense associated with increased capital investments.

•a $0.9 million increase in property taxes, which is inclusive of a $4.6 million decrease related to the Texas property tax legislation discussed above.

Interest charges increased $11.7 million primarily due to the issuance of long-term debt during the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

The following table shows our operating income by distribution division, in order of total rate base, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The presentation of our distribution operating income is included for financial reporting purposes and may not be appropriate for ratemaking purposes.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022		Change
	(In thousands)
Mid-Tex	$	143,114	$	113,928	$	29,186
Kentucky/Mid-States	27,059		28,185		(1,126)
Louisiana	26,439		25,348		1,091
West Texas	26,020		21,206		4,814
Mississippi	43,944		27,049		16,895
Colorado-Kansas	16,105		14,967		1,138
Other	(2,200)		1,073		(3,273)
Total	$	280,481	$	231,756	$	48,725

Recent Ratemaking Developments

The amounts described in the following sections represent the operating income that was requested or received in each rate filing, which may not necessarily reflect the stated amount referenced in the final order, as certain operating costs may have changed as a result of a commission’s or other governmental authority’s final ruling. During the first three months of fiscal 2024, we implemented, or received approval to implement, regulatory proceedings, resulting in a $134.9 million increase in annual operating income as summarized below. Our ratemaking outcomes include the refund (return) of excess deferred income taxes (EDIT) resulting from previously enacted tax reform legislation and do not reflect the true economic benefit of the outcomes because they do not include the corresponding income tax benefit. Excluding these amounts, our total rate outcomes for ratemaking activities for the three months ended December 31, 2023 were $134.5 million.

Rate Action	Annual Increase in Operating Income		EDIT Impact		Annual Increase in Operating Income Excluding EDIT
	(In thousands)
Annual formula rate mechanisms	$	134,918	$	(399)	$	134,519
Rate case filings	—		—		—
Other rate activity	—		—		—
	$	134,918	$	(399)	$	134,519

26

The following ratemaking efforts seeking $3.9 million in increased annual operating income were in progress as of December 31, 2023:

Division	Rate Action	Jurisdiction	Operating Income Requested
			(In thousands)
Colorado-Kansas	Infrastructure Mechanism	Colorado (1)	$	2,145
Colorado-Kansas	Ad Valorem	Kansas (2)	(971)
Kentucky/Mid-States	Rate Case	Virginia (3)	2,752
			$	3,926

(1)    The Colorado Public Utilities Commission approved the SSIR implementation at their December 20, 2023 meeting with rates effective January 1, 2024.

(2)    The Kansas Corporation Commission approved the Ad Valorem filing on January 11, 2024, with rates effective February 1, 2024.

(3)    On August 21, 2023, we received approval from the Virginia State Corporation Commission to implement interim rates, subject to refund, effective December 1, 2023.

Annual Formula Rate Mechanisms

As an instrument to reduce regulatory lag, formula rate mechanisms allow us to refresh our rates on an annual basis without filing a formal rate case. However, these filings still involve discovery by the appropriate regulatory authorities prior to the final determination of rates under these mechanisms. We currently have formula rate mechanisms in our Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee operations and in substantially all the service areas in our Texas divisions. Additionally, we have specific infrastructure programs in substantially all of our distribution divisions with tariffs in place to permit the investment associated with these programs to have their surcharge rate adjusted annually to recover approved capital costs incurred in a prior test-year period. The following table summarizes our annual formula rate mechanisms by state:

	Annual Formula Rate Mechanisms
State	Infrastructure Programs	Formula Rate Mechanisms
Colorado	System Safety and Integrity Rider (SSIR)	—
Kansas	Gas System Reliability Surcharge (GSRS), System Integrity Program (SIP)	—
Kentucky	Pipeline Replacement Program (PRP)	—
Louisiana	(1)	Rate Stabilization Clause (RSC)
Mississippi	System Integrity Rider (SIR)	Stable Rate Filing (SRF)
Tennessee	(1)	Annual Rate Mechanism (ARM)
Texas	Gas Reliability Infrastructure Program (GRIP), (1)	Dallas Annual Rate Review (DARR), Rate Review Mechanism (RRM)
Virginia	Steps to Advance Virginia Energy (SAVE)	—

(1)    Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas, Louisiana and Tennessee allow for the deferral of all expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, which primarily consists of interest, depreciation and other taxes (Texas only), until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.

27

The following annual formula rate mechanisms were approved during the three months ended December 31, 2023:

Division	Jurisdiction	Test Year Ended	Increase in Annual Operating Income		EDIT Impact		Increase in Annual Operating Income Excluding EDIT		Effective Date
			(In thousands)
2024 Filings:
Mississippi	Mississippi - SIR	10/31/2024	$	10,969	$	—	$	10,969	12/01/2023
Mississippi	Mississippi - SRF	10/31/2024	11,539		(472)		11,067		12/01/2023
Colorado-Kansas	Kansas GSRS	09/30/2023	1,752		—		1,752		11/02/2023
Kentucky/Mid-States	Kentucky PRP	09/30/2024	2,906		—		2,906		10/01/2023
Mid-Tex	Mid-Tex Cities RRM	12/31/2022	98,585		185		98,770		10/01/2023
West Texas	West Texas Cities RRM	12/31/2022	8,594		(112)		8,482		10/01/2023
Kentucky/Mid-States	Virginia - SAVE	09/30/2024	573		—		573		10/01/2023
Total 2024 Filings			$	134,918	$	(399)	$	134,519

Rate Case Filings

A rate case is a formal request from Atmos Energy to a regulatory authority to increase rates that are charged to our customers. Rate cases may also be initiated when the regulatory authorities request us to justify our rates. This process is referred to as a “show cause” action. Adequate rates are intended to provide for recovery of the Company’s costs as well as a fair rate of return and ensure that we continue to deliver reliable, reasonably priced natural gas service safely to our customers. There was no rate case activity completed in our distribution segment during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Other Ratemaking Activity

The Company had no other ratemaking activity during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Pipeline and Storage Segment

Our pipeline and storage segment consists of the pipeline and storage operations of our Atmos Pipeline–Texas Division (APT) and our natural gas transmission operations in Louisiana. APT is one of the largest intrastate pipeline operations in Texas with a heavy concentration in the established natural gas producing areas of central, northern and eastern Texas, extending into or near the major producing areas of the Barnett Shale, the Texas Gulf Coast and the Permian Basin of West Texas. APT provides transportation and storage services to our Mid-Tex Division, other third-party local distribution companies, industrial and electric generation customers, as well as marketers and producers. Over 80 percent of this segment’s revenues are derived from these APT services. As part of its pipeline operations, APT owns and operates five underground storage facilities in Texas.

Our natural gas transmission operations in Louisiana are comprised of a 21-mile pipeline located in the New Orleans, Louisiana area that is primarily used to aggregate gas supply for our distribution division in Louisiana under a long-term contract and, on a more limited basis, to third parties. The demand fee charged to our Louisiana distribution division for these services is subject to regulatory approval by the Louisiana Public Service Commission. We also manage two asset management plans, which have been approved by applicable state regulatory commissions. Generally, these asset management plans require us to share with our distribution customers a significant portion of the cost savings earned from these arrangements.

Our pipeline and storage segment is impacted by seasonal weather patterns, competitive factors in the energy industry and economic conditions in our Texas and Louisiana service areas. Natural gas prices do not directly impact the results of this segment as revenues are derived from the transportation and storage of natural gas. However, natural gas prices and demand for natural gas could influence the level of drilling activity in the supply areas that we serve, which may influence the level of throughput we may be able to transport on our pipelines. Further, natural gas price differences between the various hubs that we serve in Texas could influence the volumes of gas transported for shippers through our Texas pipeline system and rates for such transportation.

28

The results of APT are also significantly impacted by the natural gas requirements of its local distribution company customers. Additionally, its operations may be impacted by the timing of when costs and expenses are incurred and when these costs and expenses are recovered through its tariffs.

APT annually uses GRIP to recover capital costs incurred in the prior calendar year. GRIP requires a utility to file a statement of intent at least once every five years to review its costs and expenses, including capital costs filed for recovery under GRIP. On May 19, 2023, APT filed a statement of intent seeking $107.4 million in additional annual operating income. On December 13, 2023, the RRC approved the settlement agreement between APT and the intervening parties for an increase in annual operating income of $27.0 million, exclusive of the impact of the cessation of $36.9 million in excess deferred income tax refunds, which are substantially offset by a corresponding increase in income taxes. New rates were implemented effective December 13, 2023.

The demand fee our Louisiana natural gas transmission pipeline charges to our Louisiana distribution division increases five percent annually and has been approved by the Louisiana Public Service Commission until September 30, 2027.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 compared with Three Months Ended December 31, 2022

Financial and operational highlights for our pipeline and storage segment for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022		Change
	(In thousands, unless otherwise noted)
Mid-Tex / Affiliate transportation revenue	$	164,890	$	146,231	$	18,659
Third-party transportation revenue	43,273		38,079		5,194
Other revenue	3,006		2,319		687
Total operating revenues	211,169		186,629		24,540
Total purchased gas cost	4		(858)		862
Operating expenses	92,541		98,057		(5,516)
Operating income	118,624		89,430		29,194
Other non-operating income	12,047		14,417		(2,370)
Interest charges	17,294		13,921		3,373
Income before income taxes	113,377		89,926		23,451
Income tax expense	23,522		12,534		10,988
Net income	$	89,855	$	77,392	$	12,463
Gross pipeline transportation volumes — MMcf	209,272		206,244		3,028
Consolidated pipeline transportation volumes — MMcf	153,534		142,076		11,458

Operating income for our pipeline and storage segment increased 32.6 percent. Key drivers for the change in operating income include:

•a $19.5 million increase primarily due to rate adjustments from the GRIP filing approved in May 2023. The increase in rates was driven by increased safety and reliability spending.

•a $9.8 million decrease in operation and maintenance expense primarily attributable to timing of inspection spending in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

•a $0.5 million decrease in property taxes, which is inclusive of a $1.0 million decrease related to the Texas property tax legislation discussed above.

Partially offset by:

•a $4.6 million increase in depreciation expense associated with increased capital investments.

29

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The liquidity required to fund our working capital, capital expenditures and other cash needs is provided from a combination of internally generated cash flows and external debt and equity financing. Additionally, we have a $1.5 billion commercial paper program and four committed revolving credit facilities with $2.5 billion in total availability from third-party lenders. The commercial paper program and credit facilities provide cost-effective, short-term financing until it can be replaced with a balance of long-term debt and equity financing that achieves the Company's desired capital structure. Additionally, we have various uncommitted trade credit lines with our gas suppliers that we utilize to purchase natural gas on a monthly basis.

We have a shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows us to issue up to $5.0 billion in common stock and/or debt securities, which expires March 31, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, $3.1 billion of securities were available for issuance under this shelf registration statement.

We also have an at-the-market (ATM) equity sales program under which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $1.0 billion through March 31, 2026 (including shares of common stock that may be sold pursuant to forward sale agreements entered into in connection with the ATM equity sales program), which expires March 31, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, $499.1 million of equity was available for issuance under our existing ATM equity sales program. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, we had $473.5 million in available proceeds from outstanding forward sale agreements. Additional details are summarized in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The following table summarizes our existing forward starting interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2023.

Planned Debt Issuance Date	Amount Hedged		Effective Interest Rate
	(In thousands)
Fiscal 2025	$	600,000	1.75	%
Fiscal 2026	300,000		2.16	%
	$	900,000

The liquidity provided by these sources is expected to be sufficient to fund the Company's working capital needs and capital expenditure program for the remainder of fiscal year 2024. Additionally, we expect to continue to be able to obtain financing upon reasonable terms as necessary.

The following table presents our capitalization inclusive of short-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt as of December 31, 2023, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	December 31, 2023				September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Short-term debt	$	—	—	%	$	241,933	1.4	%	$	—	—	%
Long-term debt (1)	7,445,756		39.8	%	6,555,701		37.1	%	8,753,279		47.1	%
Shareholders’ equity (2)	11,273,209		60.2	%	10,870,064		61.5	%	9,836,274		52.9	%
Total	$	18,718,965	100.0	%	$	17,667,698	100.0	%	$	18,589,553	100.0	%

(1)     Inclusive of our finance leases, but exclusive of AEK's securitized long-term debt.

(2)     Excluding the $2.2 billion of incremental financing issued to pay for the purchased gas costs incurred during Winter Storm Uri, our equity capitalization ratio was 60.0% at December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows

Our internally generated funds may change in the future due to a number of factors, some of which we cannot control. These factors include regulatory changes, the price for our services, demand for such products and services, margin requirements resulting from significant changes in commodity prices, operational risks and other factors.

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

30

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022		Change
	(In thousands)
Total cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	$	245,280	$	188,900	$	56,380
Investing activities	(764,375)		(792,511)		28,136
Financing activities	785,292		723,654		61,638
Change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	266,197		120,043		146,154
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,248		51,554		(32,306)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	285,445	$	171,597	$	113,848

Cash flows from operating activities

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, we generated cash flow from operating activities of $245.3 million compared with $188.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Operating cash flow increased $56.4 million primarily due to the positive effects of successful rate case outcomes achieved in fiscal 2023.

Cash flows from investing activities

Our capital expenditures are primarily used to improve the safety and reliability of our distribution and transmission system through pipeline replacement and system modernization and to enhance and expand our system to meet customer needs. Over the last three fiscal years, approximately 87 percent of our capital spending has been committed to improving the safety and reliability of our system.

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, cash used for investing activities was $764.4 million compared to $792.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. Capital spending in our distribution segment increased $95.6 million, primarily as a result of increased system modernization and customer growth spending. Capital spending in our pipeline and storage segment decreased $121.6 million primarily due to timing of spending for pipeline system safety and reliability in Texas.

Cash flows from financing activities

For the three months ended December 31, 2023, our financing activities provided $785.3 million of cash compared with $723.7 million of cash provided by financing activities in the prior-year period.

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, we received approximately $1.1 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and equity. We completed a public offering of $500 million of 6.20% senior notes due October 2053 and $400 million of 5.90% senior notes due October 2033, and received net proceeds from the offering, after the underwriting discount and offering expenses, of $889.4 million. Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, we settled 2,144,558 shares that had been sold on a forward basis for net proceeds of $254.0 million. The net proceeds were used primarily to support capital spending and for other general corporate purposes. Cash dividends increased due to an 8.8 percent increase in our dividend rate and an increase in shares outstanding.

In the three months ended December 31, 2022, we received approximately $1.0 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and equity. We completed a public offering of $500 million of 5.75% senior notes due October 2052 and $300 million of 5.45% senior notes due October 2032, and received net proceeds from the offering, after the underwriting discount and offering expenses, of $789.4 million. Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2022, we settled 2,114,488 shares that had been sold on a forward basis for net proceeds of $220.0 million. The net proceeds were used primarily to support capital spending and for other general corporate purposes. Cash dividends increased due to an 8.8 percent increase in our dividend rate and an increase in shares outstanding.

31

The following table summarizes our share issuances for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023	2022
Shares issued:
Direct Stock Purchase Plan	16,192	16,142
1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan	163,750	111,953
Retirement Savings Plan and Trust	17,114	16,580
Equity Issuance	2,144,558	2,114,488
Total shares issued	2,341,614	2,259,163

Credit Ratings

Our credit ratings directly affect our ability to obtain short-term and long-term financing, in addition to the cost of such financing. In determining our credit ratings, the rating agencies consider a number of quantitative factors, including but not limited to, debt to total capitalization, operating cash flow relative to outstanding debt, operating cash flow coverage of interest and pension liabilities. In addition, the rating agencies consider qualitative factors such as consistency of our earnings over time, the quality of our management and business strategy, the risks associated with our businesses and the regulatory structures that govern our rates in the states where we operate.

Our debt is rated by two rating agencies: Standard & Poor’s Corporation (S&P) and Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). As of December 31, 2023, our outlook and current debt ratings, which are all considered investment grade are as follows:

	S&P	Moody’s
Senior unsecured long-term debt	A-	A1
Short-term debt	A-2	P-1
Outlook	Stable	Stable

A significant degradation in our operating performance or a significant reduction in our liquidity caused by more limited access to the private and public credit markets as a result of deteriorating global or national financial and credit conditions could trigger a negative change in our ratings outlook or even a reduction in our credit ratings by the two credit rating agencies. This would mean more limited access to the private and public credit markets and an increase in the costs of such borrowings.

A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The highest investment grade credit rating is AAA for S&P and Aaa for Moody’s. The lowest investment grade credit rating is BBB- for S&P and Baa3 for Moody’s. Our credit ratings may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the rating agencies, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. There can be no assurance that a rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered, or withdrawn entirely, by a rating agency if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant.

Debt Covenants

We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of December 31, 2023. Our debt covenants are described in greater detail in Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

Except as noted in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no significant changes in our contractual obligations and commercial commitments during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Risk Management Activities

In our distribution and pipeline and storage segments, we use a combination of physical storage, fixed physical contracts and fixed financial contracts to reduce our exposure to unusually large winter-period gas price increases. Additionally, we manage interest rate risk by periodically entering into financial instruments to effectively fix the Treasury yield component of the interest cost associated with anticipated financings.

The following table shows the components of the change in fair value of our financial instruments for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

32

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Fair value of contracts at beginning of period	$	370,256	$	377,862
Contracts realized/settled	(19,329)		6,322
Fair value of new contracts	232		(1,693)
Other changes in value	(51,888)		(6,675)
Fair value of contracts at end of period	299,271		375,816
Netting of cash collateral	—		—
Cash collateral and fair value of contracts at period end	$	299,271	$	375,816

The fair value of our financial instruments at December 31, 2023 is presented below by time period and fair value source:

	Fair Value of Contracts at December 31, 2023
	Maturity in Years
Source of Fair Value	Less Than 1		1-3		4-5		Greater Than 5		Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Prices actively quoted	$	215,701	$	83,570	$	—	$	—	$	299,271
Prices based on models and other valuation methods	—		—		—		—		—
Total Fair Value	$	215,701	$	83,570	$	—	$	—	$	299,271

33

OPERATING STATISTICS AND OTHER INFORMATION

The following tables present certain operating statistics for our distribution and pipeline and storage segments for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Distribution Sales and Statistical Data

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023	2022
METERS IN SERVICE, end of period
Residential	3,209,467	3,167,556
Commercial	283,670	282,644
Industrial	1,472	1,644
Public authority and other	8,052	8,162
Total meters	3,502,661	3,460,006
INVENTORY STORAGE BALANCE — Bcf	67.7	63.7
SALES VOLUMES — MMcf (1)
Gas sales volumes
Residential	47,312	58,540
Commercial	26,916	30,508
Industrial	6,693	8,908
Public authority and other	1,795	2,122
Total gas sales volumes	82,716	100,078
Transportation volumes	42,292	42,444
Total throughput	125,008	142,522

Pipeline and Storage Operations Sales and Statistical Data

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023	2022
CUSTOMERS, end of period
Industrial	95	95
Other	192	209
Total	287	304
INVENTORY STORAGE BALANCE — Bcf	1.1	1.1
PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION VOLUMES — MMcf (1)	209,272	206,244

Note to preceding tables:

(1)Sales and transportation volumes reflect segment operations, including intercompany sales and transportation amounts.

RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

Recent accounting developments, if any, and their impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows are described in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

34

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Information regarding our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are disclosed in Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us, including our consolidated entities, in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms, including a reasonable level of assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

    We did not make any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

35

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, except as noted in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no material changes in the status of the litigation and other matters that were disclosed in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. We continue to believe that the final outcome of such litigation and other matters or claims will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, except as follows:

On December 7, 2023, Kim R. Cocklin, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement for the sale of 15,000 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to certain conditions. Mr. Cocklin's trading arrangement will terminate on the earlier of (i) December 16, 2024, (ii) the execution of all trades or expiration of all orders relating to such trades under the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, or (iii) such date as the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement is otherwise terminated according to its terms.

36

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report.

Exhibit Number	Description	Page Number or Incorporation by Reference to
3.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation of Atmos Energy Corporation - Texas (As Amended Effective February 3, 2010)	Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2010 (File No. 1-10042)
3.2	Restated Articles of Incorporation of Atmos Energy Corporation - Virginia (As Amended Effective February 3, 2010)	Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-Q dated March 31, 2010 (File No. 1-10042)
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Atmos Energy Corporation (as of August 4, 2023)	Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K dated August 1, 2023 (File No. 1-10042)
4.1(a)	Officers' Certificate dated October 10, 2023	Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K dated October 10, 2023 (File No. 1-10042)
4.1(b)	Global Security for the 5.900% Senior Notes due 2033	Exhibit 4.3 to Form 8-K dated October 10, 2023 (File No. 1-10042)
4.1(c)	Global Security for the 6.200% Senior Notes due 2053	Exhibit 4.4 to Form 8-K dated October 10, 2023 (File No. 1-10042)
15	Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information
31	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
32	Section 1350 Certifications*
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

* These certifications, which were made pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, furnished as Exhibit 32 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, will not be deemed to be filed with the Commission or incorporated by reference into any filing by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates such certifications by reference.

37

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

ATMOS ENERGY CORPORATION

               (Registrant)

By: /s/    CHRISTOPHER T. FORSYTHE

Christopher T. Forsythe

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Duly authorized signatory)

Date: February 6, 2024

38

EX-15

Exhibit 15

Board of Directors and Shareholders of Atmos Energy Corporation

Atmos Energy Corporation

We are aware of the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Form S-3, No. 33-37869; Form S-3, No. 33-58220; Form S-3D/A, No. 33-70212; Form S-3, No. 33-56915; Form S-3/A, No. 333-03339; Form S-3/A, No. 333-32475; Form S-3, No. 333-95525; Form S-3D, No. 333-113603; Form S-3D, No. 333-155666; Form S-3D, No. 333-208317; Form S-3ASR, No. 333-271038; Form S-4, No. 333-13429; Form S-8, No. 33-57687; Form S-8, No. 33-57695; Form S-8, No. 333-32343; Form S-8, No. 333-46337; Form S-8, No. 333-73143; Form S-8, No. 333-73145; Form S-8, No. 333-63738; Form S-8, No. 333-88832; Form S-8, No. 333-116367; Form S-8, No. 333-138209; Form S-8, No. 333-145817; Form S-8, No. 333-155570; Form S-8, No. 333-166639; Form S-8, No. 333-177593; Form S-8, No. 333-199301; Form S-8, No. 333-210461; and Form S-8, No. 333-217739) of Atmos Energy Corporation and in the related Prospectuses of our report dated February 6, 2024, relating to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Atmos Energy Corporation, which are included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Dallas, Texas

February 6, 2024

EX-31

EXHIBIT 31

RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) CERTIFICATIONS

I, John K. Akers, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Atmos Energy Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and     

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 6, 2024

/s/ JOHN K. AKERS

John K. Akers

President and

Chief Executive Officer

I, Christopher T. Forsythe, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Atmos Energy Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and     

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 6, 2024

/s/ CHRISTOPHER T. FORSYTHE

Christopher T. Forsythe

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Atmos Energy Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John K. Akers, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

February 6, 2024

/s/ JOHN K. AKERS

John K. Akers

President and

Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement has been provided to Atmos Energy Corporation and will be retained by Atmos Energy Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Atmos Energy Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Christopher T. Forsythe, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

February 6, 2024

/s/ CHRISTOPHER T. FORSYTHE

Christopher T. Forsythe

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement has been provided to Atmos Energy Corporation and will be retained by Atmos Energy Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 02, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-10042
Entity Registrant Name	Atmos Energy Corp
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TX
Entity Tax Identification Number	75-1743247
Entity Address, Address Line One	1800 Three Lincoln Centre
Entity Address, Address Line Two	5430 LBJ Freeway
Entity Address, City or Town	Dallas
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	75240
City Area Code	972
Local Phone Number	934-9227
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock
Trading Symbol	ATO
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		150,839,709
Entity Central Index Key	0000731802
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment	$ 23,683,937	$ 22,898,374
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	3,364,456	3,291,791
Net property, plant and equipment	20,319,481	19,606,583
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	278,315	15,404
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	7,130	3,844
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	285,445	19,248
Accounts receivable, net (See Note 6)	646,401	328,654
Gas stored underground	220,944	245,830
Other current assets	526,927	292,036
Total current assets	1,679,717	885,768
Securitized intangible asset, net (See Note 9)	90,036	92,202
Goodwill	731,257	731,257
Deferred charges and other assets	863,752	1,201,158
Total assets	23,684,243	22,516,968
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, no par value (stated at $0.005 per share); 200,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: December 31, 2023 — 150,834,397 shares; September 30, 2023 — 148,492,783 shares	754	742
Additional paid-in capital	6,945,795	6,684,120
Accumulated other comprehensive income	468,592	518,528
Retained earnings	3,858,068	3,666,674
Shareholders’ equity	11,273,209	10,870,064
Long-term debt, net	7,444,195	6,554,133
Securitized long-term debt (See Note 9)	85,078	85,078
Total capitalization	18,802,482	17,509,275
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	416,694	336,083
Other current liabilities	742,304	763,086
Short-term debt	0	241,933
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561	1,568
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt (See Note 9)	9,922	9,922
Total current liabilities	1,170,481	1,352,592
Deferred income taxes	2,379,421	2,304,974
Regulatory excess deferred taxes	231,981	253,212
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	498,135	497,017
Deferred credits and other liabilities	601,743	599,898
Total capitalization and liabilities	$ 23,684,243	$ 22,516,968

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock stated value (USD per share)	$ 0.005	$ 0.005
Common stock authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock issued (in shares)	150,834,397	148,492,783
Common stock outstanding (in shares)	150,834,397	148,492,783

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating revenues	$ 1,158,467	$ 1,484,009
Purchased gas cost	338,869	738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	166,345	185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	164,608	146,020
Taxes, other than income	89,540	93,538
Operating income	399,105	321,186
Other non-operating income	17,886	21,191
Interest charges	51,875	36,760
Income before income taxes	365,116	305,617
Income tax expense	53,824	33,757
Net income	$ 311,292	$ 271,860
Basic net income per share (USD per share)	$ 2.08	$ 1.92
Diluted net income per share (USD per share)	2.08	1.91
Cash dividends per share (USD per share)	$ 0.805	$ 0.740
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	149,796	141,820
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	149,796	141,937
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $86 and $25	$ 296	$ 87
Cash flow hedges:
Amortization and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate agreements, net of tax of $(14,519) and $6,397	(50,232)	22,131
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)	22,218
Total comprehensive income	261,356	294,078
Purchased gas cost
Purchased gas cost	338,869	738,249
Distribution segment
Operating revenues	1,104,619	1,439,693
Pipeline and storage segment
Operating revenues	53,848	44,316
Operating Segments | Distribution segment
Operating revenues	1,105,338	1,440,426
Purchased gas cost	496,662	881,915
Operation and maintenance expense	127,615	136,469
Depreciation and amortization expense	119,685	105,664
Taxes, other than income	80,895	84,622
Operating income	280,481	231,756
Other non-operating income	5,839	6,774
Interest charges	34,581	22,839
Income before income taxes	251,739	215,691
Income tax expense	30,302	21,223
Net income	221,437	194,468
Operating Segments | Distribution segment | Purchased gas cost
Purchased gas cost	496,662	881,915
Operating Segments | Pipeline and storage segment
Operating revenues	211,169	186,629
Purchased gas cost	4	(858)
Operation and maintenance expense	38,973	48,785
Depreciation and amortization expense	44,923	40,356
Taxes, other than income	8,645	8,916
Operating income	118,624	89,430
Other non-operating income	12,047	14,417
Interest charges	17,294	13,921
Income before income taxes	113,377	89,926
Income tax expense	23,522	12,534
Net income	89,855	77,392
Operating Segments | Pipeline and storage segment | Purchased gas cost
Purchased gas cost	4	(858)
Intersegment eliminations
Operating revenues	(158,040)	(143,046)
Purchased gas cost	(157,797)	(142,808)
Operation and maintenance expense	(243)	(238)
Depreciation and amortization expense	0	0
Taxes, other than income	0	0
Operating income	0	0
Other non-operating income	0	0
Interest charges	0	0
Income before income taxes	0	0
Income tax expense	0	0
Net income	0	0
Intersegment eliminations | Purchased gas cost
Purchased gas cost	(157,797)	(142,808)
Intersegment eliminations | Distribution segment
Operating revenues	719	733
Intersegment eliminations | Pipeline and storage segment
Operating revenues	$ 157,321	$ 142,313

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, tax	$ 86	$ 25
Amortization and unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate agreements, tax	$ (14,519)	$ 6,397

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	$ 311,292	$ 271,860
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	164,608	146,020
Deferred income taxes	44,108	29,693
Other	(16,839)	(17,508)
Net assets / liabilities from risk management activities	5,589	218
Net change in other operating assets and liabilities	(263,478)	(241,383)
Net cash provided by operating activities	245,280	188,900
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(769,650)	(795,660)
Debt and equity securities activities, net	(78)	(2,472)
Other, net	5,353	5,621
Net cash used in investing activities	(764,375)	(792,511)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net decrease in short-term debt	(241,933)	(184,967)
Net proceeds from equity issuances	254,022	220,000
Issuance of common stock through stock purchase and employee retirement plans	3,746	3,779
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	898,275	797,258
Cash dividends paid	(119,898)	(104,552)
Debt issuance costs	(8,920)	(7,864)
Net cash provided by financing activities	785,292	723,654
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	266,197	120,043
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,248	51,554
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 285,445	$ 171,597

XML

Nature of Business

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

Nature of Business

Atmos Energy Corporation (“Atmos Energy” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries are engaged in the regulated natural gas distribution and pipeline and storage businesses. Our distribution business is subject to federal and state regulation and/or regulation by local authorities in each of the states in which our regulated divisions and subsidiaries operate.

Our distribution business delivers natural gas through sales and transportation arrangements to over 3.3 million residential, commercial, public authority and industrial customers through our six regulated distribution divisions, which at December 31, 2023, covered service areas located in eight states.

Our pipeline and storage business, which is also subject to federal and state regulations, includes the transportation of natural gas to our Texas and Louisiana distribution systems and the management of our underground storage facilities used to support our distribution business in various states.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated interim-period financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States on the same basis as those used for the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the unaudited consolidated interim-period financial statements. These consolidated interim-period financial statements are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Atmos Energy Corporation included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Because of seasonal and other factors, the results of operations for the three-month period ended December 31, 2023 are not indicative of our results of operations for the full 2024 fiscal year, which ends September 30, 2024.

Significant accounting policies

Our accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Except as described in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, no events have occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 and our Form 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this may have on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this amendment may have on our financial statement disclosures.

XML

Regulation

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Regulated Operations [Abstract]

Regulation

Regulation

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require cost-based, rate-regulated entities that meet certain criteria to reflect the authorized recovery of costs due to regulatory decisions in their financial statements. As a result, certain costs are permitted to be capitalized rather than expensed because they can be recovered through rates. We record certain costs as regulatory assets when future recovery through customer rates is considered probable. Regulatory liabilities are recorded

when it is probable that revenues will be reduced for amounts that will be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. Substantially all of our regulatory assets are recorded as a component of other current assets and deferred charges and other assets and our regulatory liabilities are recorded as a component of other current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities. Deferred gas costs are recorded either in other current assets or liabilities.

Significant regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 included the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Regulatory assets:
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	$	18,295	$	20,629
Infrastructure mechanisms (1)	167,965		229,996
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs	28,328		32,115
Deferred gas costs	129,891		148,297
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	47,772		47,549
Recoverable loss on reacquired debt	3,196		3,238
Deferred pipeline record collection costs	59,830		54,008
Other	16,518		19,096
	$	471,795	$	554,928
Regulatory liabilities:
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	$	343,075	$	384,513
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	584,640		582,867
Deferred gas costs	20,889		23,093
APT annual adjustment mechanism	47,768		49,894
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	211,600		215,913
Other	28,777		28,054
	$	1,236,749	$	1,284,334

(1)Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas, Louisiana, and Tennessee allow for the deferral of all eligible expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, including the recording of interest on deferred expenses until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.

(2)Regulatory excess deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA") and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Securitization

Kansas

See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for securitization and other information related to Atmos Energy Kansas Securitization I, LLC (AEK).

Texas

In March 2023, the Texas Natural Gas Securitization Finance Corporation (the Finance Corporation), with the authority of the Texas Public Finance Authority (TPFA), issued $3.5 billion in customer rate relief bonds with varying scheduled final maturities from 12 to 18 years. The bonds are obligations of the Finance Corporation, payable from the customer rate relief charges and other bond collateral, and are not an obligation of Atmos Energy. We began collecting the customer rate relief charges on October 1, 2023, and any such property collected is solely owned by the Finance Corporation and not available to pay creditors of Atmos Energy.

Additionally, we deferred $32.4 million in carrying costs incurred after September 1, 2022. Effective October 1, 2023, we began recovering a portion of these carrying costs. We have recorded $17.4 million and $21.2 million as a current asset in other current assets as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. We anticipate recovering the remaining $10.9 million in future regulatory filings and have recorded this amount as a long-term asset in deferred charges and other assets as of December 31, 2023.

XML

Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

 We manage and review our consolidated operations through the following reportable segments:

•The distribution segment is primarily comprised of our regulated natural gas distribution and related sales operations in eight states.

•The pipeline and storage segment is comprised primarily of the pipeline and storage operations of our Atmos Pipeline-Texas division and our natural gas transmission operations in Louisiana.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Income statements and capital expenditures for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 by segment are presented in the following tables:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,104,619	$	53,848	$	—	$	1,158,467
Intersegment revenues	719		157,321		(158,040)		—
Total operating revenues	1,105,338		211,169		(158,040)		1,158,467
Purchased gas cost	496,662		4		(157,797)		338,869
Operation and maintenance expense	127,615		38,973		(243)		166,345
Depreciation and amortization expense	119,685		44,923		—		164,608
Taxes, other than income	80,895		8,645		—		89,540
Operating income	280,481		118,624		—		399,105
Other non-operating income	5,839		12,047		—		17,886
Interest charges	34,581		17,294		—		51,875
Income before income taxes	251,739		113,377		—		365,116
Income tax expense	30,302		23,522		—		53,824
Net income	$	221,437	$	89,855	$	—	$	311,292
Capital expenditures	$	539,158	$	230,492	$	—	$	769,650

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,439,693	$	44,316	$	—	$	1,484,009
Intersegment revenues	733		142,313		(143,046)		—
Total operating revenues	1,440,426		186,629		(143,046)		1,484,009
Purchased gas cost	881,915		(858)		(142,808)		738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	136,469		48,785		(238)		185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	105,664		40,356		—		146,020
Taxes, other than income	84,622		8,916		—		93,538
Operating income	231,756		89,430		—		321,186
Other non-operating income	6,774		14,417		—		21,191
Interest charges	22,839		13,921		—		36,760
Income before income taxes	215,691		89,926		—		305,617
Income tax expense	21,223		12,534		—		33,757
Net income	$	194,468	$	77,392	$	—	$	271,860
Capital expenditures	$	443,544	$	352,116	$	—	$	795,660

Balance sheet information at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 by segment is presented in the following tables:

	December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,907,406	$	5,412,075	$	—	$	20,319,481
Total assets	$	22,874,926	$	5,721,542	$	(4,912,225)	$	23,684,243

	September 30, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,402,578	$	5,204,005	$	—	$	19,606,583
Total assets	$	21,716,467	$	5,504,972	$	(4,704,471)	$	22,516,968

XML

Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

We use the two-class method of computing earnings per share because we have participating securities in the form of non-vested restricted stock units with a nonforfeitable right to dividend equivalents, for which vesting is predicated solely on the passage of time. The calculation of earnings per share using the two-class method excludes income attributable to these participating securities from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. Basic weighted average shares outstanding is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Also, this calculation includes fully vested stock awards that have not yet been issued as common stock. Additionally, the weighted average shares outstanding for diluted EPS includes the incremental effects of the forward sale agreements, discussed in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, when the impact is dilutive.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Less: Income allocated to participating securities	186		167
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Net income per share — Basic	$	2.08	$	1.92
Diluted Earnings Per Share
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Dilutive shares	—		117
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,937
Net income per share — Diluted	$	2.08	$	1.91

XML

Revenue and Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Revenue

Our revenue recognition policy is fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The following tables disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by customer type and segment and provide a reconciliation to total operating revenues, including intersegment revenues, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023				Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Distribution		Pipeline and Storage
	(In thousands)
Gas sales revenues:
Residential	$	727,682	$	—	$	953,051	$	—
Commercial	277,253		—		388,667		—
Industrial	28,231		—		59,215		—
Public authority and other	14,584		—		22,826		—
Total gas sales revenues	1,047,750		—		1,423,759		—
Transportation revenues	33,767		215,305		32,162		195,252
Miscellaneous revenues	2,643		3,042		2,282		2,722
Revenues from contracts with customers	1,084,160		218,347		1,458,203		197,974
Alternative revenue program revenues	17,401		(7,178)		(18,322)		(11,345)
Other revenues	3,777		—		545		—
Total operating revenues	$	1,105,338	$	211,169	$	1,440,426	$	186,629

We have alternative revenue programs in each of our segments. In our distribution segment, we have weather-normalization adjustment mechanisms that serve to mitigate the effects of weather on our revenue. In our pipeline and storage segment, APT has a regulatory mechanism that requires that we share with its tariffed customers 75% of the difference between the total non-tariffed revenues earned during a test period and a revenue benchmark established by the RRC. With the completion of APT's most recent rate case in December 2023, the revenue benchmark was increased from $69.4 million to $106.9 million. Other revenues includes AEK revenues (see Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements) and other miscellaneous revenues.

Accounts receivable and allowance for uncollectible accounts

Accounts receivable arise from natural gas sales to residential, commercial, industrial, public authority and other customers. Our accounts receivable balance includes unbilled amounts which represent a customer’s consumption of gas from the date of the last cycle billing through the last day of the month. Our policy related to the accounting for our accounts receivable and allowance for uncollectible accounts is fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes to this policy. Rollforwards of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the table below. The allowance excludes the gas cost portion of customers’ bills for approximately 88 percent of our customers as we have the ability to collect these gas costs through our gas cost recovery mechanisms in most of our jurisdictions.

In December 2023, the Mississippi Public Service Commission approved the recovery of uncollectible accounts through our purchased gas cost mechanism over a two-year period rather than through our annual filing mechanism over a one-year period. As a result of this decision, we recorded a $13.9 million reduction to bad debt expense during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Of this amount, $9.7 million represents future recovery of customer receivables previously written off since April 2022 but not yet recovered through our rates. This amount increased our deferred gas cost regulatory asset. The remaining $4.2 million reduction represents a reversal of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for customer balances that have not yet been written off.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2023	$	40,840
Current period provisions	6,750
Write-offs charged against allowance	(8,757)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	765
Mississippi recovery of uncollectible accounts	(4,192)
Ending balance, December 31, 2023	$	35,406

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2022	$	49,993
Current period provisions	7,233
Write-offs charged against allowance	(10,421)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	808
Ending balance, December 31, 2022	$	47,613

XML

Debt

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The nature and terms of our debt instruments and credit facilities are described in detail in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Other than as described below, there were no material changes in the terms of our debt instruments during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Long-term debt at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Unsecured 3.00% Senior Notes, due June 2027	$	500,000	$	500,000
Unsecured 2.625% Senior Notes, due September 2029	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 1.50% Senior Notes, due January 2031	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.45% Senior Notes, due October 2032	300,000		300,000
Unsecured 5.90% Senior Notes, due October 2033	400,000		—
Unsecured 5.95% Senior Notes, due October 2034	200,000		200,000
Unsecured 5.50% Senior Notes, due June 2041	400,000		400,000
Unsecured 4.15% Senior Notes, due January 2043	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due October 2044	750,000		750,000
Unsecured 4.30% Senior Notes, due October 2048	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due March 2049	450,000		450,000
Unsecured 3.375% Senior Notes, due September 2049	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 2.85% Senior Notes, due February 2052	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.75% Senior Notes, due October 2052	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 6.20% Senior Notes, due October 2053	500,000		—
Medium-term note Series A, 1995-1, 6.67%, due December 2025	10,000		10,000
Unsecured 6.75% Debentures, due July 2028	150,000		150,000
Finance lease obligations	50,052		50,393
Total long-term debt	7,510,052		6,610,393
Less:
Original issue discount on unsecured senior notes and debentures	7,723		6,104
Debt issuance cost	56,573		48,588
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561		1,568
Total long-term debt, net	$	7,444,195	$	6,554,133

On October 10, 2023, we completed a public offering of $500 million of 6.20% senior notes due October 2053, with an effective interest rate of 5.56%, after giving effect to the offering costs and settlement of our interest rate swaps, and $400 million of 5.90% senior notes due October 2033, with an effective interest rate of 4.35%, after giving effect to the offering costs and settlement of our interest rate swaps. The net proceeds from the offering, after the underwriting discount and offering expenses, of $889.4 million were used for general corporate purposes.

Short-term debt

We utilize short-term debt to provide cost-effective, short-term financing until it can be replaced with a balance of long-term debt and equity financing that achieves the Company’s desired capital structure. Our short-term borrowing requirements are driven primarily by construction work in progress and the seasonal nature of the natural gas business.

Our short-term borrowing requirements are satisfied through a combination of a $1.5 billion commercial paper program and four committed revolving credit facilities with third-party lenders that provide $2.5 billion of total working capital funding.

Our commercial paper program is supported by a five-year unsecured $1.5 billion credit facility that expires on March 31, 2027. This facility bears interest at a base rate or at a SOFR-based rate for the applicable interest period, plus a margin ranging from zero percent to 0.25 percent for base rate advances or a margin ranging from 0.75 percent to 1.25 percent for SOFR-based advances, based on the Company’s credit ratings. Additionally, the facility contains a $250 million accordion feature, which provides the opportunity to increase the total committed loan to $1.75 billion. At December 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program. At September 30, 2023, there was $241.9 million outstanding under our commercial paper program.

We also have a $900 million three-year unsecured revolving credit facility, which expires March 31, 2025 and is used to provide additional working capital funding. This facility bears interest at a base rate or at a SOFR-based rate for the applicable interest period, plus a margin ranging from zero percent to 0.25 percent for base rate advances or a margin ranging from 0.75 percent to 1.25 percent for SOFR-based advances, based on the Company's credit ratings. Additionally, the facility contains a $100 million accordion feature, which provides the opportunity to increase the total committed loan to $1.0 billion. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

Additionally, we have a $50 million 364-day unsecured facility, which will expire March 31, 2024 and is used to provide working capital funding. There were no borrowings outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

Finally, we have a $50 million 364-day unsecured revolving credit facility, which will expire March 31, 2024 and is used to issue letters of credit and to provide working capital funding. At December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility; however, outstanding letters of credit reduced the total amount available to us to $44.4 million.

Debt covenants

The availability of funds under these credit facilities is subject to conditions specified in the respective credit agreements, all of which we currently satisfy. These conditions include our compliance with financial covenants and the continued accuracy of representations and warranties contained in these agreements. We are required by the financial covenants in each of these facilities to maintain, at the end of each fiscal quarter, a ratio of total-debt-to-total-capitalization of no greater than 70 percent. At December 31, 2023, our total-debt-to-total-capitalization ratio, as defined in the agreements, was 41 percent. In addition, both the interest margin and the fee that we pay on unused amounts under certain of these facilities are subject to adjustment depending upon our credit ratings.

These credit facilities and our public indentures contain usual and customary covenants for our business, including covenants substantially limiting liens, substantial asset sales and mergers. Additionally, our public debt indentures relating to our senior notes and debentures, as well as certain of our revolving credit agreements, each contain a default provision that is triggered if outstanding indebtedness arising out of any other credit agreements in amounts ranging from in excess of $15 million to in excess of $100 million becomes due by acceleration or if not paid at maturity. We were in compliance with all of our debt covenants as of December 31, 2023. If we were unable to comply with our debt covenants, we would likely be required to repay our outstanding balances on demand, provide additional collateral or take other corrective actions.

XML

Shareholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity

The following tables present a reconciliation of changes in stockholders' equity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2023	148,492,783	$	742	$	6,684,120	$	518,528	$	3,666,674	$	10,870,064
Net income	—	—		—		—		311,292		311,292
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(49,936)		—		(49,936)
Cash dividends ($0.805 per share)	—	—		—		—		(119,898)		(119,898)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,177,864	11		257,757		—		—		257,768
Stock-based compensation plans	163,750	1		3,918		—		—		3,919
Balance, December 31, 2023	150,834,397	$	754	$	6,945,795	$	468,592	$	3,858,068	$	11,273,209

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2022	140,896,598	$	704	$	5,838,118	$	369,112	$	3,211,157	$	9,419,091
Net income	—	—		—		—		271,860		271,860
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		22,218		—		22,218
Cash dividends ($0.74 per share)	—	—		—		—		(104,552)		(104,552)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,147,210	11		223,768		—		—		223,779
Stock-based compensation plans	111,953	1		3,877		—		—		3,878
Balance, December 31, 2022	143,155,761	$	716	$	6,065,763	$	391,330	$	3,378,465	$	9,836,274

Shelf Registration, At-the-Market Equity Sales Program and Equity Issuances

We have a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows us to issue up to $5.0 billion in common stock and/or debt securities, which expires March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2023, $3.1 billion of securities were available for issuance under this shelf registration statement.

We have an at-the-market (ATM) equity sales program under which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $1.0 billion through March 31, 2026 (including shares of common stock that may be sold pursuant to forward sale agreements entered into concurrently with the ATM equity sales program).

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we executed forward sales under our ATM equity sales program with various forward sellers who borrowed and sold 2,284,076 shares of our common stock at an aggregate price of $261.4 million. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we also settled forward sale agreements with respect to 2,144,558 shares that had been borrowed and sold by various forward sellers under the ATM program for net proceeds of $254.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, $499.1 million of equity was available for issuance under our existing ATM program. Additionally, we had $473.5 million in available proceeds from outstanding forward sale agreements, as detailed below.

Maturity	Shares Available	Net Proceeds Available (In thousands)		Forward Price
September 30, 2024	861,655	$	101,376	$	117.65
December 31, 2024	2,176,974	250,866		$	115.24
June 30, 2025	1,061,914	121,230		$	114.16
Total	4,100,543	$	473,472	$	115.47

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

We record deferred gains (losses) in AOCI related to available-for-sale debt securities and interest rate agreement cash flow hedges. Deferred gains (losses) for our available-for-sale debt securities are recognized in earnings upon settlement, while deferred gains (losses) related to our interest rate agreement cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the related financing. The following tables provide the components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of the related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss).

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2023	$	(369)	$	518,897	$	518,528
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	296		(47,741)		(47,445)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(2,491)		(2,491)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	296		(50,232)		(49,936)
December 31, 2023	$	(73)	$	468,665	$	468,592

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022	$	(495)	$	369,607	$	369,112
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	87		22,661		22,748
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(530)		(530)
Net current-period other comprehensive income	87		22,131		22,218
December 31, 2022	$	(408)	$	391,738	$	391,330

XML

Variable Interest Entity

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entity

Variable Interest Entity

Atmos Energy Kansas Securitization I, LLC (AEK), a special-purpose entity wholly owned by Atmos Energy, was formed for the purpose of issuing securitized bonds to recover extraordinary costs incurred during Winter Storm Uri. In June 2023, AEK completed a public offering of $95 million of Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds. AEK's assets cannot be used to settle Atmos Energy's obligations, and the holders of the Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds have no recourse against Atmos Energy.

AEK is considered to be a variable interest entity. As a result, AEK is included in the condensed consolidated financial statements of Atmos Energy.

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	7,130	$	3,844
Other current assets	$	23	$	11
Securitized intangible asset, net	$	90,036	$	92,202
Accrued interest	$	2,598	$	1,374
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt	$	9,922	$	9,922
Securitized long-term debt	$	85,078	$	85,078

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income, for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	3,333
Amortization expense	(2,166)
Interest expense, net	(1,167)
Income before income taxes	$	—

The securitized long-term debt is recorded at carrying value. The fair value of the securitized long-term debt is determined using third party market value quotations, which are considered Level 2 fair value measurements for debt instruments where fair value is determined using the most recent available quoted market price. The carrying value and fair value of the securitized long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 is $95.0 million and $96.2 million.

XML

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits, Description [Abstract]

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information

The components of our net periodic pension cost for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the following tables. Most of these costs are recoverable through our tariff rates. A portion of these costs is capitalized into our rate base or deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. The remaining costs are recorded as a component of operation and maintenance expense or other non-operating expense.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, due to the retirement of an executive, we recognized a settlement charge of $0.8 million associated with our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and revalued the net periodic pension cost for the remainder of fiscal 2024. The revaluation of the net periodic pension cost for our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan resulted in a

decrease in the discount rate, effective November 30, 2023, to 5.82% from 6.17%, which will decrease our net periodic pension cost by approximately $0.4 million for the remainder of the fiscal year.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost	$	2,389	$	2,908	$	1,507	$	1,546
Interest cost (1)	7,497		7,325		3,509		3,478
Expected return on assets (1)	(7,202)		(7,278)		(3,128)		(2,804)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) (1)	—		(30)		(3,260)		(3,285)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss (1)	118		164		(2,718)		(1,863)
Settlements (1)	776		—		—		—
Net periodic pension cost	$	3,578	$	3,089	$	(4,090)	$	(2,928)

(1)    The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item other non-operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income or are capitalized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a regulatory asset or liability, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and Environmental Matters

In the normal course of business, we are subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings. For such matters, we record liabilities when they are considered probable and estimable, based on currently available facts, our historical experience and our estimates of the ultimate outcome or resolution of the liability in the future. While the outcome of these proceedings is uncertain and a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued is possible though not reasonably estimable, it is the opinion of management that any amounts exceeding the accruals will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is investigating an incident that occurred at a Jackson, Mississippi residence on January 24, 2024 that resulted in one fatality. Atmos Energy is working closely with the NTSB and other state and federal regulators to help determine causal factors.

We are a party to various other litigation and environmental-related matters or claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business. While the results of such litigation and response actions to such environmental-related matters or claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we continue to believe the final outcome of such litigation and matters or claims will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Purchase Commitments

Our distribution divisions maintain supply contracts with several vendors that generally cover a period of up to one year. Commitments for estimated base gas volumes are established under these contracts on a monthly basis at contractually negotiated prices. Commitments for incremental daily purchases are made as necessary during the month in accordance with the terms of the individual contract.

Our Mid-Tex Division also maintains a limited number of long-term supply contracts to ensure a reliable source of gas for our customers in its service area, which obligate it to purchase specified volumes at prices under contracts indexed to natural gas hubs or fixed price contracts. These purchase commitment contracts are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. At December 31, 2023, we were committed to purchase 71.8 Bcf within one year and 51.3 Bcf within two to three years under indexed contracts. At December 31, 2023, we were committed to purchase 12.5 Bcf within one year under fixed price contracts with a weighted average price of $2.89 per Mcf.

Rate Regulatory Proceedings

As of December 31, 2023, routine rate regulatory proceedings were in progress in several of our service areas, which are discussed in further detail below in Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Recent Ratemaking Developments. Except for these proceedings, there were no material changes to rate regulatory proceedings for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

XML

Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense

Our interim effective tax rates reflect the estimated annual effective tax rates for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, adjusted for tax expense associated with certain discrete items. The effective tax rates for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 14.7% and 11.0%. These effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the amortization of excess deferred federal income tax liabilities, tax credits, state income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences. These adjustments have a relative impact on the effective tax rate proportionally to pretax income or loss.

Regulatory Excess Deferred Taxes

Regulatory excess net deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the TCJA) and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. Currently, the regulatory excess net deferred tax liability of $295.3 million is being returned over various periods. Of this amount, $241.9 million is being returned to customers over 12 - 60 months. An additional $52.4 million is being returned to customers on a provisional basis over 15 - 69 years until our regulators establish the final refund periods. The refund of the remaining $1.0 million will be addressed in future rate proceedings.

As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, $111.1 million and $131.3 million is recorded in other current liabilities.

XML

Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

We currently use financial instruments to mitigate commodity price risk and interest rate risk. The objectives and strategies for using financial instruments and the related accounting for these financial instruments are fully described in Notes 2 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our objectives, strategies and accounting for using financial instruments. Our financial instruments do not contain any credit-risk-related or other contingent features that could cause payments to be accelerated when our financial instruments are in net liability positions. The following summarizes those objectives and strategies.

Commodity Risk Management Activities

Our purchased gas cost adjustment mechanisms essentially insulate our distribution segment from commodity price risk; however, our customers are exposed to the effects of volatile natural gas prices. We manage this exposure through a combination of physical storage, fixed-price forward contracts and financial instruments, primarily over-the-counter swap and option contracts, in an effort to minimize the impact of natural gas price volatility on our customers during the winter heating season.

We typically seek to hedge between 25 and 50 percent of anticipated heating season gas purchases using financial instruments. For the 2023-2024 heating season (generally October through March), in the jurisdictions where we are permitted to utilize financial instruments, we anticipate hedging approximately 30.2 Bcf, of the winter flowing gas requirements. We have not designated these financial instruments as hedges for accounting purposes.

Interest Rate Risk Management Activities

We manage interest rate risk by periodically entering into financial instruments to effectively fix the Treasury yield component of the interest cost associated with anticipated financings.

The following table summarizes our existing forward starting interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2023. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges at the time the agreements were executed.

Planned Debt Issuance Date	Amount Hedged
	(In thousands)
Fiscal 2025	$	600,000
Fiscal 2026	300,000
	$	900,000

Quantitative Disclosures Related to Financial Instruments

The following tables present detailed information concerning the impact of financial instruments on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and statements of comprehensive income.

As of December 31, 2023, our financial instruments were comprised of both long and short commodity positions. A long position is a contract to purchase the commodity, while a short position is a contract to sell the commodity. As of December 31, 2023, we had 20,045 MMcf of net long commodity contracts outstanding. These contracts have not been designated as hedges.

Financial Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The following tables present the fair value and balance sheet classification of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. The gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities are netted within our condensed consolidated balance sheets to the extent that we have netting arrangements with our counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no gross amounts and no cash collateral were netted within our consolidated balance sheet.

		December 31, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	$	232,975	$	—
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	84,586		—
Total		317,561		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	2,545		(19,819)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	761		(1,777)
Total		3,306		(21,596)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	320,867	$	(21,596)

		September 30, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	$	379,101	$	—
Total		379,101		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	4,071		(14,584)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	2,492		(824)
Total		6,563		(15,408)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	385,664	$	(15,408)

Impact of Financial Instruments on the Statement of Comprehensive Income

Cash Flow Hedges

As discussed above, our distribution segment has interest rate agreements, which we designated as cash flow hedges at the time the agreements were executed. The net (gain) loss on settled interest rate agreements reclassified from AOCI into

interest charges on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $(3.2) million and $(0.7) million.

The following table summarizes the gains and losses arising from hedging transactions that were recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Increase (decrease) in fair value:
Interest rate agreements	$	(47,741)	$	22,661
Recognition of (gains) losses in earnings due to settlements:
Interest rate agreements	(2,491)		(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) from hedging, net of tax	$	(50,232)	$	22,131

Deferred gains (losses) recorded in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements are recognized in earnings as they are amortized over the terms of the underlying debt instruments. As of December 31, 2023, we had $222.3 million of net realized gains in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements. The following amounts, net of deferred taxes, represent the expected recognition in earnings of the deferred net gains recorded in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements, based upon the fair values of these agreements at the date of settlement. The remaining amortization periods for these settled amounts extend through fiscal 2053. However, the table below does not include the expected recognition in earnings of our outstanding interest rate swaps as those instruments have not yet settled.

	Interest Rate Agreements
	(In thousands)
Next twelve months	$	9,965
Thereafter	212,342
Total	$	222,307

Financial Instruments Not Designated as Hedges

As discussed above, commodity contracts which are used in our distribution segment are not designated as hedges. However, there is no earnings impact on our distribution segment as a result of the use of these financial instruments because the gains and losses arising from the use of these financial instruments are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as a component of purchased gas cost when the related costs are recovered through our rates and recognized in revenue. Accordingly, the impact of these financial instruments is excluded from this presentation.

XML

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We record cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt at carrying value, which substantially approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. For other financial assets and liabilities, we primarily use quoted market prices and other observable market pricing information to minimize the use of unobservable pricing inputs in our measurements when determining fair value. The methods used to determine fair value for our assets and liabilities are fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in these methods.

Fair value measurements also apply to the valuation of our pension and postretirement plan assets. Current accounting guidance requires employers to annually disclose information about fair value measurements of the assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The fair value of these assets is presented in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

Quantitative Disclosures

Financial Instruments

The classification of our fair value measurements requires judgment regarding the degree to which market data is observable or corroborated by observable market data. Authoritative accounting literature establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value based on observable and unobservable data. The hierarchy categorizes the inputs into three levels, with the highest priority given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), with the lowest priority given to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following tables summarize, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. Assets and liabilities are categorized in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	320,867	$	—	$	—	$	320,867
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	28,466		—		—		—		28,466
Bond mutual funds	38,584		—		—		—		38,584
Bonds (2)	—		36,343		—		—		36,343
Money market funds	—		3,861		—		—		3,861
Total debt and equity securities	67,050		40,204		—		—		107,254
Total assets	$	67,050	$	361,071	$	—	$	—	$	428,121
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	21,596	$	—	$	—	$	21,596

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	385,664	$	—	$	—	$	385,664
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	26,685		—		—		—		26,685
Bond mutual funds	37,573		—		—		—		37,573
Bonds (2)	—		35,507		—		—		35,507
Money market funds	—		4,837		—		—		4,837
Total debt and equity securities	64,258		40,344		—		—		104,602
Total assets	$	64,258	$	426,008	$	—	$	—	$	490,266
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	15,408	$	—	$	—	$	15,408

(1)Our Level 2 measurements consist of over-the-counter options and swaps, which are valued using a market-based approach in which observable market prices are adjusted for criteria specific to each instrument, such as the strike price, notional amount or basis differences, municipal and corporate bonds, which are valued based on the most recent available quoted market prices and money market funds that are valued at cost.

(2)Our investments in bonds are considered available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with current accounting guidance.

Debt and equity securities are comprised of our available-for-sale debt securities and our equity securities. As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, we evaluate the performance of our available-for-sale debt securities on an investment by investment basis for

impairment, taking into consideration the investment’s purpose, volatility, current returns and any intent to sell the security. As of December 31, 2023, no allowance for credit losses was recorded for our available-for-sale debt securities. At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the amortized cost of our available-for-sale debt securities was $36.4 million and $36.0 million. At December 31, 2023, we maintained investments in bonds that have contractual maturity dates ranging from January 2024 through November 2026.

Other Fair Value Measures

Our long-term debt is recorded at carrying value. The fair value of our long-term debt, excluding finance leases, is determined using third party market value quotations, which are considered Level 1 fair value measurements for debt instruments with a recent, observable trade or Level 2 fair value measurements for debt instruments where fair value is determined using the most recent available quoted market price. The carrying value of our finance leases materially approximates fair value. The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of our long-term debt, excluding finance leases, debt issuance costs and original issue premium or discount, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Carrying Amount	$	7,460,000	$	6,560,000
Fair Value	$	6,963,106	$	5,402,591

XML

Concentration of Credit Risk

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Information regarding our concentration of credit risk is disclosed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our concentration of credit risk.

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 311,292	$ 271,860

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

shares

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Kim R. Cocklin [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

On December 7, 2023, Kim R. Cocklin, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement for the sale of 15,000 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to certain conditions. Mr. Cocklin's trading arrangement will terminate on the earlier of (i) December 16, 2024, (ii) the execution of all trades or expiration of all orders relating to such trades under the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, or (iii) such date as the Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement is otherwise terminated according to its terms.

Name

Kim R. Cocklin

Title

Chairman of the Board of Directors

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

December 7, 2023

Arrangement Duration

375 days

Aggregate Available

15,000

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied retrospectively. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 and our Form 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this may have on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. This amendment will be effective for our Form 10-K for fiscal 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact this amendment may have on our financial statement disclosures.

Earnings per share

Earnings Per ShareWe use the two-class method of computing earnings per share because we have participating securities in the form of non-vested restricted stock units with a nonforfeitable right to dividend equivalents, for which vesting is predicated solely on the passage of time. The calculation of earnings per share using the two-class method excludes income attributable to these participating securities from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. Basic weighted average shares outstanding is calculated based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Also, this calculation includes fully vested stock awards that have not yet been issued as common stock.

Fair value measurement

Fair Value Measurements

We report certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We record cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term debt at carrying value, which substantially approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. For other financial assets and liabilities, we primarily use quoted market prices and other observable market pricing information to minimize the use of unobservable pricing inputs in our measurements when determining fair value. The methods used to determine fair value for our assets and liabilities are fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no changes in these methods.

XML

Regulation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Regulated Operations [Abstract]

Schedule of Regulatory Assets

Significant regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 included the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Regulatory assets:
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	$	18,295	$	20,629
Infrastructure mechanisms (1)	167,965		229,996
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs	28,328		32,115
Deferred gas costs	129,891		148,297
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	47,772		47,549
Recoverable loss on reacquired debt	3,196		3,238
Deferred pipeline record collection costs	59,830		54,008
Other	16,518		19,096
	$	471,795	$	554,928
Regulatory liabilities:
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	$	343,075	$	384,513
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	584,640		582,867
Deferred gas costs	20,889		23,093
APT annual adjustment mechanism	47,768		49,894
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	211,600		215,913
Other	28,777		28,054
	$	1,236,749	$	1,284,334

(1)Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas, Louisiana, and Tennessee allow for the deferral of all eligible expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, including the recording of interest on deferred expenses until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.

(2)Regulatory excess deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA") and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Schedule of Regulatory Liabilities

Significant regulatory assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 included the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Regulatory assets:
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	$	18,295	$	20,629
Infrastructure mechanisms (1)	167,965		229,996
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs	28,328		32,115
Deferred gas costs	129,891		148,297
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	47,772		47,549
Recoverable loss on reacquired debt	3,196		3,238
Deferred pipeline record collection costs	59,830		54,008
Other	16,518		19,096
	$	471,795	$	554,928
Regulatory liabilities:
Regulatory excess deferred taxes (2)	$	343,075	$	384,513
Regulatory cost of removal obligation	584,640		582,867
Deferred gas costs	20,889		23,093
APT annual adjustment mechanism	47,768		49,894
Pension and postretirement benefit costs	211,600		215,913
Other	28,777		28,054
	$	1,236,749	$	1,284,334

(1)Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas, Louisiana, and Tennessee allow for the deferral of all eligible expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, including the recording of interest on deferred expenses until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.

(2)Regulatory excess deferred taxes represent changes in our net deferred tax liability related to our cost of service ratemaking due to the enactment of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA") and a Kansas legislative change enacted in fiscal 2020. See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

XML

Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Income statements and capital expenditures for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 by segment are presented in the following tables:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,104,619	$	53,848	$	—	$	1,158,467
Intersegment revenues	719		157,321		(158,040)		—
Total operating revenues	1,105,338		211,169		(158,040)		1,158,467
Purchased gas cost	496,662		4		(157,797)		338,869
Operation and maintenance expense	127,615		38,973		(243)		166,345
Depreciation and amortization expense	119,685		44,923		—		164,608
Taxes, other than income	80,895		8,645		—		89,540
Operating income	280,481		118,624		—		399,105
Other non-operating income	5,839		12,047		—		17,886
Interest charges	34,581		17,294		—		51,875
Income before income taxes	251,739		113,377		—		365,116
Income tax expense	30,302		23,522		—		53,824
Net income	$	221,437	$	89,855	$	—	$	311,292
Capital expenditures	$	539,158	$	230,492	$	—	$	769,650

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues from external parties	$	1,439,693	$	44,316	$	—	$	1,484,009
Intersegment revenues	733		142,313		(143,046)		—
Total operating revenues	1,440,426		186,629		(143,046)		1,484,009
Purchased gas cost	881,915		(858)		(142,808)		738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	136,469		48,785		(238)		185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	105,664		40,356		—		146,020
Taxes, other than income	84,622		8,916		—		93,538
Operating income	231,756		89,430		—		321,186
Other non-operating income	6,774		14,417		—		21,191
Interest charges	22,839		13,921		—		36,760
Income before income taxes	215,691		89,926		—		305,617
Income tax expense	21,223		12,534		—		33,757
Net income	$	194,468	$	77,392	$	—	$	271,860
Capital expenditures	$	443,544	$	352,116	$	—	$	795,660

Balance sheet information at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 by segment is presented in the following tables:

	December 31, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,907,406	$	5,412,075	$	—	$	20,319,481
Total assets	$	22,874,926	$	5,721,542	$	(4,912,225)	$	23,684,243

	September 30, 2023
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Eliminations		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	14,402,578	$	5,204,005	$	—	$	19,606,583
Total assets	$	21,716,467	$	5,504,972	$	(4,704,471)	$	22,516,968

XML

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are calculated as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income	$	311,292	$	271,860
Less: Income allocated to participating securities	186		167
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Net income per share — Basic	$	2.08	$	1.92
Diluted Earnings Per Share
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Effect of dilutive shares	—		—
Income available to common shareholders	$	311,106	$	271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,820
Dilutive shares	—		117
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	149,796		141,937
Net income per share — Diluted	$	2.08	$	1.91

XML

Revenue and Accounts Receivable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by customer type and segment and provide a reconciliation to total operating revenues, including intersegment revenues, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023				Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	Distribution		Pipeline and Storage		Distribution		Pipeline and Storage
	(In thousands)
Gas sales revenues:
Residential	$	727,682	$	—	$	953,051	$	—
Commercial	277,253		—		388,667		—
Industrial	28,231		—		59,215		—
Public authority and other	14,584		—		22,826		—
Total gas sales revenues	1,047,750		—		1,423,759		—
Transportation revenues	33,767		215,305		32,162		195,252
Miscellaneous revenues	2,643		3,042		2,282		2,722
Revenues from contracts with customers	1,084,160		218,347		1,458,203		197,974
Alternative revenue program revenues	17,401		(7,178)		(18,322)		(11,345)
Other revenues	3,777		—		545		—
Total operating revenues	$	1,105,338	$	211,169	$	1,440,426	$	186,629

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Loss Activity

Rollforwards of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the table below. The allowance excludes the gas cost portion of customers’ bills for approximately 88 percent of our customers as we have the ability to collect these gas costs through our gas cost recovery mechanisms in most of our jurisdictions.

In December 2023, the Mississippi Public Service Commission approved the recovery of uncollectible accounts through our purchased gas cost mechanism over a two-year period rather than through our annual filing mechanism over a one-year period. As a result of this decision, we recorded a $13.9 million reduction to bad debt expense during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Of this amount, $9.7 million represents future recovery of customer receivables previously written off since April 2022 but not yet recovered through our rates. This amount increased our deferred gas cost regulatory asset. The remaining $4.2 million reduction represents a reversal of our allowance for uncollectible accounts for customer balances that have not yet been written off.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2023	$	40,840
Current period provisions	6,750
Write-offs charged against allowance	(8,757)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	765
Mississippi recovery of uncollectible accounts	(4,192)
Ending balance, December 31, 2023	$	35,406

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, September 30, 2022	$	49,993
Current period provisions	7,233
Write-offs charged against allowance	(10,421)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	808
Ending balance, December 31, 2022	$	47,613

XML

Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Unsecured 3.00% Senior Notes, due June 2027	$	500,000	$	500,000
Unsecured 2.625% Senior Notes, due September 2029	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 1.50% Senior Notes, due January 2031	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.45% Senior Notes, due October 2032	300,000		300,000
Unsecured 5.90% Senior Notes, due October 2033	400,000		—
Unsecured 5.95% Senior Notes, due October 2034	200,000		200,000
Unsecured 5.50% Senior Notes, due June 2041	400,000		400,000
Unsecured 4.15% Senior Notes, due January 2043	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due October 2044	750,000		750,000
Unsecured 4.30% Senior Notes, due October 2048	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due March 2049	450,000		450,000
Unsecured 3.375% Senior Notes, due September 2049	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 2.85% Senior Notes, due February 2052	600,000		600,000
Unsecured 5.75% Senior Notes, due October 2052	500,000		500,000
Unsecured 6.20% Senior Notes, due October 2053	500,000		—
Medium-term note Series A, 1995-1, 6.67%, due December 2025	10,000		10,000
Unsecured 6.75% Debentures, due July 2028	150,000		150,000
Finance lease obligations	50,052		50,393
Total long-term debt	7,510,052		6,610,393
Less:
Original issue discount on unsecured senior notes and debentures	7,723		6,104
Debt issuance cost	56,573		48,588
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561		1,568
Total long-term debt, net	$	7,444,195	$	6,554,133

XML

Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of Changes in Stockholders Equity

The following tables present a reconciliation of changes in stockholders' equity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2023	148,492,783	$	742	$	6,684,120	$	518,528	$	3,666,674	$	10,870,064
Net income	—	—		—		—		311,292		311,292
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(49,936)		—		(49,936)
Cash dividends ($0.805 per share)	—	—		—		—		(119,898)		(119,898)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,177,864	11		257,757		—		—		257,768
Stock-based compensation plans	163,750	1		3,918		—		—		3,919
Balance, December 31, 2023	150,834,397	$	754	$	6,945,795	$	468,592	$	3,858,068	$	11,273,209

	Common stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
	Number of Shares	Stated Value
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Balance, September 30, 2022	140,896,598	$	704	$	5,838,118	$	369,112	$	3,211,157	$	9,419,091
Net income	—	—		—		—		271,860		271,860
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		22,218		—		22,218
Cash dividends ($0.74 per share)	—	—		—		—		(104,552)		(104,552)
Common stock issued:
Public and other stock offerings	2,147,210	11		223,768		—		—		223,779
Stock-based compensation plans	111,953	1		3,877		—		—		3,878
Balance, December 31, 2022	143,155,761	$	716	$	6,065,763	$	391,330	$	3,378,465	$	9,836,274

Schedule of Forward Sales Agreements

Additionally, we had $473.5 million in available proceeds from outstanding forward sale agreements, as detailed below.

Maturity	Shares Available	Net Proceeds Available (In thousands)		Forward Price
September 30, 2024	861,655	$	101,376	$	117.65
December 31, 2024	2,176,974	250,866		$	115.24
June 30, 2025	1,061,914	121,230		$	114.16
Total	4,100,543	$	473,472	$	115.47

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables provide the components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of the related tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss).

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2023	$	(369)	$	518,897	$	518,528
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	296		(47,741)		(47,445)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(2,491)		(2,491)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	296		(50,232)		(49,936)
December 31, 2023	$	(73)	$	468,665	$	468,592

	Available- for-Sale Securities		Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges		Total
	(In thousands)
September 30, 2022	$	(495)	$	369,607	$	369,112
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	87		22,661		22,748
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(530)		(530)
Net current-period other comprehensive income	87		22,131		22,218
December 31, 2022	$	(408)	$	391,738	$	391,330

XML

Variable Interest Entity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	7,130	$	3,844
Other current assets	$	23	$	11
Securitized intangible asset, net	$	90,036	$	92,202
Accrued interest	$	2,598	$	1,374
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt	$	9,922	$	9,922
Securitized long-term debt	$	85,078	$	85,078

Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the impact of AEK on our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income, for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Operating revenues	$	3,333
Amortization expense	(2,166)
Interest expense, net	(1,167)
Income before income taxes	$	—

XML

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits, Description [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

	Three Months Ended December 31
	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost	$	2,389	$	2,908	$	1,507	$	1,546
Interest cost (1)	7,497		7,325		3,509		3,478
Expected return on assets (1)	(7,202)		(7,278)		(3,128)		(2,804)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) (1)	—		(30)		(3,260)		(3,285)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss (1)	118		164		(2,718)		(1,863)
Settlements (1)	776		—		—		—
Net periodic pension cost	$	3,578	$	3,089	$	(4,090)	$	(2,928)

(1)    The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item other non-operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income or are capitalized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a regulatory asset or liability, as described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

XML

Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives

The following table summarizes our existing forward starting interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2023. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges at the time the agreements were executed.

Planned Debt Issuance Date	Amount Hedged
	(In thousands)
Fiscal 2025	$	600,000
Fiscal 2026	300,000
	$	900,000

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The following tables present the fair value and balance sheet classification of our financial instruments as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. The gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities are netted within our condensed consolidated balance sheets to the extent that we have netting arrangements with our counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, no gross amounts and no cash collateral were netted within our consolidated balance sheet.

		December 31, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	$	232,975	$	—
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	84,586		—
Total		317,561		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	2,545		(19,819)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	761		(1,777)
Total		3,306		(21,596)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	320,867	$	(21,596)

		September 30, 2023
	Balance Sheet Location	Assets		Liabilities
		(In thousands)
Designated As Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	$	379,101	$	—
Total		379,101		—
Not Designated As Hedges:
Commodity contracts	Other current assets / Other current liabilities	4,071		(14,584)
Commodity contracts	Deferred charges and other assets / Deferred credits and other liabilities	2,492		(824)
Total		6,563		(15,408)
Gross / Net Financial Instruments		$	385,664	$	(15,408)

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the gains and losses arising from hedging transactions that were recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Increase (decrease) in fair value:
Interest rate agreements	$	(47,741)	$	22,661
Recognition of (gains) losses in earnings due to settlements:
Interest rate agreements	(2,491)		(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) from hedging, net of tax	$	(50,232)	$	22,131

Schedule of Expected Deferred Gains (Losses) Recognition

The following amounts, net of deferred taxes, represent the expected recognition in earnings of the deferred net gains recorded in AOCI associated with our interest rate agreements, based upon the fair values of these agreements at the date of settlement. The remaining amortization periods for these settled amounts extend through fiscal 2053. However, the table below does not include the expected recognition in earnings of our outstanding interest rate swaps as those instruments have not yet settled.

	Interest Rate Agreements
	(In thousands)
Next twelve months	$	9,965
Thereafter	212,342
Total	$	222,307

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize, by level within the fair value hierarchy, our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. Assets and liabilities are categorized in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		December 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	320,867	$	—	$	—	$	320,867
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	28,466		—		—		—		28,466
Bond mutual funds	38,584		—		—		—		38,584
Bonds (2)	—		36,343		—		—		36,343
Money market funds	—		3,861		—		—		3,861
Total debt and equity securities	67,050		40,204		—		—		107,254
Total assets	$	67,050	$	361,071	$	—	$	—	$	428,121
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	21,596	$	—	$	—	$	21,596

	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)(1)		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting and Cash Collateral		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	385,664	$	—	$	—	$	385,664
Debt and equity securities
Registered investment companies	26,685		—		—		—		26,685
Bond mutual funds	37,573		—		—		—		37,573
Bonds (2)	—		35,507		—		—		35,507
Money market funds	—		4,837		—		—		4,837
Total debt and equity securities	64,258		40,344		—		—		104,602
Total assets	$	64,258	$	426,008	$	—	$	—	$	490,266
Liabilities:
Financial instruments	$	—	$	15,408	$	—	$	—	$	15,408

(1)Our Level 2 measurements consist of over-the-counter options and swaps, which are valued using a market-based approach in which observable market prices are adjusted for criteria specific to each instrument, such as the strike price, notional amount or basis differences, municipal and corporate bonds, which are valued based on the most recent available quoted market prices and money market funds that are valued at cost.

(2)Our investments in bonds are considered available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with current accounting guidance.

Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Long-term Debt

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of our long-term debt, excluding finance leases, debt issuance costs and original issue premium or discount, as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

	December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Carrying Amount	$	7,460,000	$	6,560,000
Fair Value	$	6,963,106	$	5,402,591

XML

Nature of Business (Details) customer in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 state regulatedDistributionDivision customer
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of customers serviced (over) | customer	3.3
Number of regulated distribution divisions | regulatedDistributionDivision	6
Number of states with service areas | state	8

XML

Regulation - Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	$ 471,795	$ 554,928
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	1,236,749	1,284,334
Regulatory excess deferred taxes
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	343,075	384,513
Regulatory cost of removal obligation
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	584,640	582,867
Deferred gas costs
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	20,889	23,093
APT annual adjustment mechanism
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	47,768	49,894
Pension and postretirement benefit costs
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	211,600	215,913
Other
Regulatory Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	28,777	28,054
Pension and postretirement benefit costs
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	18,295	20,629
Infrastructure mechanisms
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	167,965	229,996
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	28,328	32,115
Deferred gas costs
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	129,891	148,297
Regulatory excess deferred taxes
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	47,772	47,549
Recoverable loss on reacquired debt
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	3,196	3,238
Deferred pipeline record collection costs
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	59,830	54,008
Other
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory assets	$ 16,518	$ 19,096

XML

Regulation - Narrative (Details) - Texas - Winter Storm Uri - USD ($) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 01, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Extraordinary Gas Cost
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory asset, authorized		$ 3,500.0
Extraordinary Gas Cost | Minimum
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory asset, maturity period		12 years
Extraordinary Gas Cost | Maximum
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory asset, maturity period		18 years
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory asset, deferred costs	$ 32.4
Regulatory asset, deferred costs, remaining			$ 10.9
Winter Storm Uri incremental costs | Other current assets
Regulatory Asset [Line Items]
Regulatory asset, recovering cost			$ 17.4	$ 21.2

XML

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 state
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of states with service areas	8

XML

Segment Information - Schedule of Income Statements and Capital Expenditures By Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 1,158,467	$ 1,484,009
Purchased gas cost	338,869	738,249
Operation and maintenance expense	166,345	185,016
Depreciation and amortization expense	164,608	146,020
Taxes, other than income	89,540	93,538
Operating income	399,105	321,186
Other non-operating income	17,886	21,191
Interest charges	51,875	36,760
Income before income taxes	365,116	305,617
Income tax expense	53,824	33,757
Net income	311,292	271,860
Capital expenditures	769,650	795,660
Distribution segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,104,619	1,439,693
Pipeline and storage segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	53,848	44,316
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(158,040)	(143,046)
Purchased gas cost	(157,797)	(142,808)
Operation and maintenance expense	(243)	(238)
Depreciation and amortization expense	0	0
Taxes, other than income	0	0
Operating income	0	0
Other non-operating income	0	0
Interest charges	0	0
Income before income taxes	0	0
Income tax expense	0	0
Net income	0	0
Capital expenditures	0	0
Eliminations | Distribution segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	719	733
Eliminations | Pipeline and storage segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	157,321	142,313
Operating Segments | Distribution segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,105,338	1,440,426
Purchased gas cost	496,662	881,915
Operation and maintenance expense	127,615	136,469
Depreciation and amortization expense	119,685	105,664
Taxes, other than income	80,895	84,622
Operating income	280,481	231,756
Other non-operating income	5,839	6,774
Interest charges	34,581	22,839
Income before income taxes	251,739	215,691
Income tax expense	30,302	21,223
Net income	221,437	194,468
Capital expenditures	539,158	443,544
Operating Segments | Pipeline and storage segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	211,169	186,629
Purchased gas cost	4	(858)
Operation and maintenance expense	38,973	48,785
Depreciation and amortization expense	44,923	40,356
Taxes, other than income	8,645	8,916
Operating income	118,624	89,430
Other non-operating income	12,047	14,417
Interest charges	17,294	13,921
Income before income taxes	113,377	89,926
Income tax expense	23,522	12,534
Net income	89,855	77,392
Capital expenditures	$ 230,492	$ 352,116

XML

Segment Information - Schedule of Balance Sheet Information by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net property, plant and equipment	$ 20,319,481	$ 19,606,583
Total assets	23,684,243	22,516,968
Operating Segments | Distribution
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net property, plant and equipment	14,907,406	14,402,578
Total assets	22,874,926	21,716,467
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net property, plant and equipment	5,412,075	5,204,005
Total assets	5,721,542	5,504,972
Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net property, plant and equipment	0	0
Total assets	$ (4,912,225)	$ (4,704,471)

XML

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Basic Earnings Per Share
Net income	$ 311,292	$ 271,860
Less: Income allocated to participating securities	186	167
Income available to common shareholders	$ 311,106	$ 271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	149,796	141,820
Net income per share - Basic (USD per share)	$ 2.08	$ 1.92
Diluted Earnings Per Share
Income available to common shareholders	$ 311,106	$ 271,693
Effect of dilutive shares	0	0
Income available to common shareholders	$ 311,106	$ 271,693
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	149,796	141,820
Dilutive shares (in shares)	0	117
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	149,796	141,937
Net income per share - Diluted (USD per share)	$ 2.08	$ 1.91

XML

Revenue and Accounts Receivable - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total operating revenues	$ 1,158,467	$ 1,484,009
Distribution
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total operating revenues	1,104,619	1,439,693
Pipeline and Storage
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total operating revenues	53,848	44,316
Operating Segments | Distribution
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	1,084,160	1,458,203
Alternative revenue program revenues	17,401	(18,322)
Other revenues	3,777	545
Total operating revenues	1,105,338	1,440,426
Operating Segments | Distribution | Gas sales revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	1,047,750	1,423,759
Operating Segments | Distribution | Gas sales revenues | Residential
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	727,682	953,051
Operating Segments | Distribution | Gas sales revenues | Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	277,253	388,667
Operating Segments | Distribution | Gas sales revenues | Industrial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	28,231	59,215
Operating Segments | Distribution | Gas sales revenues | Public authority and other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	14,584	22,826
Operating Segments | Distribution | Transportation revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	33,767	32,162
Operating Segments | Distribution | Miscellaneous revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	2,643	2,282
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	218,347	197,974
Alternative revenue program revenues	(7,178)	(11,345)
Other revenues	0	0
Total operating revenues	211,169	186,629
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Gas sales revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Gas sales revenues | Residential
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Gas sales revenues | Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Gas sales revenues | Industrial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Gas sales revenues | Public authority and other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	0	0
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Transportation revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	215,305	195,252
Operating Segments | Pipeline and Storage | Miscellaneous revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from contracts with customers	$ 3,042	$ 2,722

XML

Revenue and Accounts Receivable - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		21 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percent of customers excluded			88.00%	88.00%
Reduction to bad debt expense			$ (6,750)	$ (7,233)
Recovery of uncollectible accounts, not yet been written off			$ 4,192
Mississippi Public Service Commission
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Recovery of uncollectible accounts, term	1 year	2 years	2 years		2 years
Reduction to bad debt expense			$ 13,900
Recovery of uncollectible accounts, previously written off but not yet recovered through rates					$ 9,700
Recovery of uncollectible accounts, not yet been written off			$ 4,200
Distribution segment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Regulatory mechanism threshold (in percent)			75.00%
Pipeline and storage segment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rate case revenue benchmark	$ 69,400	$ 106,900

XML

Revenue and Accounts Receivable - Schedule of Rollforward of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 40,840	$ 49,993
Current period provisions	6,750	7,233
Write-offs charged against allowance	(8,757)	(10,421)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	765	808
Mississippi recovery of uncollectible accounts	(4,192)
Ending balance	$ 35,406	$ 47,613

XML

Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 7,460,000	$ 6,560,000
Finance lease obligations	50,052	50,393
Total long-term debt	7,510,052	6,610,393
Less:
Original issue discount on unsecured senior notes and debentures	7,723	6,104
Debt issuance cost	56,573	48,588
Current maturities of long-term debt	1,561	1,568
Total long-term debt, net	$ 7,444,195	6,554,133
Unsecured 3.00% Senior Notes, due June 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.00%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	500,000
Unsecured 2.625% Senior Notes, due September 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	2.625%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	500,000
Unsecured 1.50% Senior Notes, due January 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	1.50%
Long-term debt	$ 600,000	600,000
Unsecured 5.45% Senior Notes, due October 2032
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.45%
Long-term debt	$ 300,000	300,000
Unsecured 5.90% Senior Notes, due October 2033
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.90%
Long-term debt	$ 400,000	0
Unsecured 5.95% Senior Notes, due October 2034
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.95%
Long-term debt	$ 200,000	200,000
Unsecured 5.50% Senior Notes, due June 2041
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.50%
Long-term debt	$ 400,000	400,000
Unsecured 4.15% Senior Notes, due January 2043
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.15%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	500,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due October 2044
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.125%
Long-term debt	$ 750,000	750,000
Unsecured 4.30% Senior Notes, due October 2048
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.30%
Long-term debt	$ 600,000	600,000
Unsecured 4.125% Senior Notes, due March 2049
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.125%
Long-term debt	$ 450,000	450,000
Unsecured 3.375% Senior Notes, due September 2049
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	3.375%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	500,000
Unsecured 2.85% Senior Notes, due February 2052
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	2.85%
Long-term debt	$ 600,000	600,000
Unsecured 5.75% Senior Notes, due October 2052
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.75%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	500,000
Unsecured 6.20% Senior Notes, due October 2053
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.20%
Long-term debt	$ 500,000	0
Medium-term note Series A, 1995-1, 6.67%, due December 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.67%
Long-term debt	$ 10,000	10,000
Unsecured 6.75% Debentures, due July 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	6.75%
Long-term debt	$ 150,000	$ 150,000

XML

Debt - Narrative (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 10, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) creditFacility	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		$ 898,275,000	$ 797,258,000
Maximum debt-to-total-capitalization ratio		70.00%
Debt-to-total-capitalization ratio		0.41
Minimum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding indebtedness		$ 15,000,000
Maximum
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding indebtedness		100,000,000
Unsecured Senior Notes Due October 2053 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt face amount	$ 500,000,000
Interest rate	6.20%
Effective rate	5.56%
Unsecured Senior Notes Due October 2033 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt face amount	$ 400,000,000
Interest rate	5.90%
Effective rate	4.35%
Unsecured Senior Notes Due October 2033 and Unsecured Senior Notes Due October 2053 | Senior Notes
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	$ 889,400,000
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding commercial paper		$ 0		$ 241,900,000
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Minimum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.00%
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Minimum | SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.75%
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Maximum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.25%
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Maximum | SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		1.25%
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Commercial Paper
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,500,000,000
Debt agreement term		5 years
Accordion feature		$ 250,000,000
Maximum borrowing capacity post accordion feature		1,750,000,000
Five Year Unsecured Revolving Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 2,500,000,000
Number of credit facilities | creditFacility		4
$900 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 900,000,000
Debt agreement term		3 years
Accordion feature		$ 100,000,000
Maximum borrowing capacity post accordion feature		1,000,000,000
Outstanding borrowings		$ 0		0
$900 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.00%
$900 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | Minimum | SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.75%
$900 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | Base Rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		0.25%
$900 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | Maximum | SOFR
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate spread		1.25%
$50 Million Bank Loan Agreement | Line of Credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 50,000,000
Debt agreement term		364 days
Outstanding borrowings		$ 0		$ 0
$50 Million Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings		0
$50 Million Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 50,000,000
Debt agreement term		364 days
Remaining borrowing capacity		$ 44,400,000

XML

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Components of Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	148,492,783
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	$ 10,870,064	$ 9,419,091
Net income	311,292	271,860
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)	22,218
Cash dividends	(119,898)	(104,552)
Public and other stock offerings	257,768	223,779
Stock-based compensation plans	$ 3,919	3,878
Common stock outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	150,834,397
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	$ 11,273,209	$ 9,836,274
Cash dividends per share (USD per share)	$ 0.805	$ 0.740
Common stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Common stock outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	148,492,783	140,896,598
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	$ 742	$ 704
Public and other stock offerings (in shares)	2,177,864	2,147,210
Public and other stock offerings	$ 11	$ 11
Stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	163,750	111,953
Stock-based compensation plans	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	150,834,397	143,155,761
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	$ 754	$ 716
Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	6,684,120	5,838,118
Public and other stock offerings	257,757	223,768
Stock-based compensation plans	3,918	3,877
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	6,945,795	6,065,763
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	518,528	369,112
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)	22,218
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	468,592	391,330
Retained Earnings
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	3,666,674	3,211,157
Net income	311,292	271,860
Cash dividends	(119,898)	(104,552)
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	$ 3,858,068	$ 3,378,465

XML

Shareholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Forward sales equity agreement, settlement in cash	$ 473,472,000
Net proceeds from equity issuances	254,022,000	$ 220,000,000
Shelf Registration Statement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Debt and equity securities authorized for issuance	5,000,000,000
Debt and equity securities authorized for issuance value remaining	3,100,000,000
At-The-Market
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Value of shares authorized for issuance	$ 1,000,000,000
Forward sales equity agreement (in shares)	2,284,076
Forward sales equity agreement, settlement in cash	$ 261,400,000
Shares issued (in shares)	2,144,558
Net proceeds from equity issuances	$ 254,000,000
Equity available for issuance	$ 499,100,000

XML

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Forward Sales Agreement (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Forward Contract Indexed to Issuer's Equity [Line Items]
Shares available (in shares) | shares	4,100,543
Net proceeds available | $	$ 473,472
Forward price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 115.47
Forward Sales Equity Agreement Maturing Quarter Ended September 30 2024
Forward Contract Indexed to Issuer's Equity [Line Items]
Shares available (in shares) | shares	861,655
Net proceeds available | $	$ 101,376
Forward price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 117.65
Forward Sales Equity Agreement Maturing Quarter Ended December 31, 2024
Forward Contract Indexed to Issuer's Equity [Line Items]
Shares available (in shares) | shares	2,176,974
Net proceeds available | $	$ 250,866
Forward price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 115.24
Forward Sales Equity Agreement Maturing Quarter Ended June 30, 2025
Forward Contract Indexed to Issuer's Equity [Line Items]
Shares available (in shares) | shares	1,061,914
Net proceeds available | $	$ 121,230
Forward price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 114.16

XML

Shareholders' Equity - Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	$ 10,870,064	$ 9,419,091
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(47,445)	22,748
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(2,491)	(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)	22,218
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	11,273,209	9,836,274
Available- for-Sale Securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	(369)	(495)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	296	87
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	0	0
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	296	87
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	(73)	(408)
Interest Rate Agreement Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	518,897	369,607
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(47,741)	22,661
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(2,491)	(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(50,232)	22,131
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	468,665	391,738
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Shareholders' equity, beginning balance	518,528	369,112
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(49,936)	22,218
Shareholders' equity, ending balance	$ 468,592	$ 391,330

XML

Variable Interest Entity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 6,963,106	$ 5,402,591
Securitized Utility Tariff Bonds | Senior Notes | AEK | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Debt face amount			$ 95,000
Long-term debt	95,000
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 96,200

XML

Variable Interest Entity - Schedule of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,130	$ 3,844
Other current assets	526,927	292,036
Securitized intangible asset, net	90,036	92,202
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt	9,922	9,922
Securitized long-term debt	85,078	85,078
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | AEK
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	7,130	3,844
Other current assets	23	11
Securitized intangible asset, net	90,036	92,202
Accrued interest	2,598	1,374
Current maturities of securitized long-term debt	9,922	9,922
Securitized long-term debt	$ 85,078	$ 85,078

XML

Variable Interest Entity - Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 1,158,467	$ 1,484,009
Amortization expense	(164,608)	(146,020)
Interest expense, net	(51,875)	(36,760)
Income before income taxes	365,116	$ 305,617
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary | AEK
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Operating revenues	3,333
Amortization expense	(2,166)
Interest expense, net	(1,167)
Income before income taxes	$ 0

XML

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023	Nov. 29, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate	5.82%	6.17%
Forecast
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Decrease of costs from plan revaluation					$ 400
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Settlement charge			$ 776	$ 0

XML

Interim Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information - Schedule of Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 2,389	$ 2,908
Interest cost	7,497	7,325
Expected return on assets	(7,202)	(7,278)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	0	(30)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss	118	164
Settlements	(776)	0
Net periodic pension cost	3,578	3,089
Other Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	1,507	1,546
Interest cost	3,509	3,478
Expected return on assets	(3,128)	(2,804)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	(3,260)	(3,285)
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss	(2,718)	(1,863)
Settlements	0	0
Net periodic pension cost	$ (4,090)	$ (2,928)

XML

Commitments and Contingencies (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / Mcf MMcf	Jan. 24, 2024 fatality
Subsequent Event | National Transportation Safety Board
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Number of fatalities under investigation | fatality		1
Supply Commitment
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Contract term	1 year
Purchase commitment volume	12,500
Supply Commitment | Weighted Average
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Fixed price contracts (USD per Mcf) | $ / Mcf	2.89
Supply Commitment | Short-term Contract with Customer
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Contract term	1 year
Purchase commitment volume	71,800
Supply Commitment | Long-term Contract with Customer Within Two To Three Years
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Purchase commitment volume	51,300
Supply Commitment | Long-term Contract with Customer Within Two To Three Years | Minimum
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Contract term	2 years
Supply Commitment | Long-term Contract with Customer Within Two To Three Years | Maximum
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Contract term	3 years

XML

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Effective income tax rate	14.70%	11.00%
Regulatory liabilities	$ 1,236,749		$ 1,284,334
Regulatory excess deferred taxes
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net	295,300
Regulatory liabilities	343,075		384,513
Regulatory excess deferred taxes | Other Current Liabilities
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net	111,100		$ 131,300
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche one
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$ 241,900
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche one | Minimum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Return basis, term	12 months
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche one | Maximum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Return basis, term	60 months
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche two
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities	$ 52,400
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche two | Minimum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Return basis, term	15 years
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche two | Maximum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Return basis, term	69 years
Regulatory excess deferred taxes, to be returned, tranche three
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$ 1,000

XML

Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) MMcf	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative [Line Items]
Purchase commitment volume | MMcf	20,045
Contract netting	$ 0		$ 0
Cash collateral	0		$ 0
Net (gain) loss on settled interest rate agreements	(3,200,000)	$ (700,000)
Net realized gains in AOCI	$ 222,300,000
Not Designated As Hedges: | Gas Purchases | Commodity contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Purchase commitment volume | MMcf	30,200
Not Designated As Hedges: | Gas Purchases | Commodity contracts | Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Hedging percent	25.00%
Not Designated As Hedges: | Gas Purchases | Commodity contracts | Maximum
Derivative [Line Items]
Hedging percent	50.00%

XML

Financial Instruments - Schedule of Interest Rate Risk Management Activities (Details) - Cash Flow Hedging - Designated As Hedge $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Forward Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	$ 900,000
Forward Interest Rate Swap, Planned Issued Fiscal 2025
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	600,000
Forward Interest Rate Swap, Planned Issued Fiscal 2026
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	$ 300,000

XML

Financial Instruments - Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Net financial instruments, assets	$ 320,867	$ 385,664
Net financial instruments, liabilities	(21,596)	(15,408)
Designated As Hedges:
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	317,561	379,101
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	0	0
Designated As Hedges: | Other current assets | Interest rate contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	232,975
Designated As Hedges: | Other current liabilities | Interest rate contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	0
Designated As Hedges: | Deferred charges and other assets | Interest rate contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	84,586	379,101
Designated As Hedges: | Deferred credits and other liabilities | Interest rate contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	0	0
Not Designated As Hedges:
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	3,306	6,563
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	(21,596)	(15,408)
Not Designated As Hedges: | Other current assets | Commodity contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	2,545	4,071
Not Designated As Hedges: | Other current liabilities | Commodity contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	(19,819)	(14,584)
Not Designated As Hedges: | Deferred charges and other assets | Commodity contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, assets	761	2,492
Not Designated As Hedges: | Deferred credits and other liabilities | Commodity contracts
Derivatives Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross financial instruments, liabilities	$ (1,777)	$ (824)

XML

Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Increase (decrease) in fair value:
Interest rate agreements	$ (47,741)	$ 22,661
Recognition of (gains) losses in earnings due to settlements:
Interest rate agreements	(2,491)	(530)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) from hedging, net of tax	$ (50,232)	$ 22,131

XML

Financial Instruments - Schedule Of Expected Deferred Gains (Losses) Recognition (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Next twelve months	$ 9,965
Thereafter	212,342
Total	$ 222,307

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments net assets	$ 320,867	$ 385,664
Debt and equity securities	107,254	104,602
Total assets	428,121	490,266
Financial instruments net liability	21,596	15,408
Registered investment companies
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	28,466	26,685
Bond mutual funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	38,584	37,573
Bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	36,343	35,507
Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	3,861	4,837
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments gross assets	0	0
Debt and equity securities	67,050	64,258
Total assets	67,050	64,258
Financial instruments gross liability	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Registered investment companies
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	28,466	26,685
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Bond mutual funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	38,584	37,573
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments gross assets	320,867	385,664
Debt and equity securities	40,204	40,344
Total assets	361,071	426,008
Financial instruments gross liability	21,596	15,408
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Registered investment companies
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Bond mutual funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	36,343	35,507
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	3,861	4,837
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financial instruments gross assets	0	0
Debt and equity securities	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Financial instruments gross liability	0	0
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Registered investment companies
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Bond mutual funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	0	0
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt securities	0	0
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 0
Cost basis	$ 36,400,000	$ 36,000,000

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Debt Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Carrying Amount	$ 7,460,000	$ 6,560,000
Fair Value	$ 6,963,106	$ 5,402,591