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Unaudited Financial Information
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Unaudited Financial Information Unaudited Financial Information
These consolidated interim-period financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States on the same basis, aside from accounting policy changes noted below, as those used for the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. In the opinion of management, all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the unaudited consolidated interim-period financial statements. These consolidated interim-period financial statements are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Atmos Energy Corporation included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018. Because of seasonal and other factors, the results of operations for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2019 are not indicative of our results of operations for the full 2019 fiscal year, which ends September 30, 2019.
No events have occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Significant accounting policies
Our accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we completed our annual goodwill impairment assessment. Based on the assessment performed, we determined that our goodwill was not impaired.
Accounting pronouncements adopted in fiscal 2019
During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we adopted the following accounting guidance updates, effective October 1, 2018. The adoption of this new guidance, individually and collectively, did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Revenue recognition - Under the new guidance, we are required to recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. See Note 5 for our discussion of the effects of implementing this standard.

Classification and measurement of financial instruments - The new guidance requires that we recognize changes in the fair value of our equity securities formerly designated as available-for-sale in other non-operating income (expense) in our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a prospective basis from the date of adoption. However, we continue to classify cash flows from purchases and sales of equity securities within investing activities given the nature of these securities. Additionally, in accordance with the guidance, we reclassified a net $8.2 million unrealized gain related to these equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings. The accounting for debt securities designated as available-for-sale did not change as a result of this new guidance. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these securities will continue to be recorded as a component of AOCI.

Presentation of the Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost - The new guidance requires us to present only the current service cost component of the net benefit cost within operations and maintenance expense in the statement of
comprehensive income. The remaining components of net benefit cost are now recorded in other non-operating income (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The change in presentation of these costs was implemented on a retrospective basis as required by the guidance. In lieu of determining how each component of the net periodic benefit cost was actually reflected in the prior periods’ condensed statement of comprehensive income, we elected to utilize a practical expedient that permits the use of the amounts disclosed for these costs in our pension and post-retirement benefit plans footnote as the basis to retroactively apply this standard.

In addition, under the new guidance, only the service cost component of net benefit cost is eligible for capitalization (e.g., as part of inventory or property, plant, and equipment). We continue to capitalize these costs into property, plant and equipment.
However, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), which establishes the regulatory accounting practices for rate-regulated entities, issued guidance that permits such entities the option to continue to capitalize non-service benefit costs for regulatory purposes.  Since the accounting guidelines by the FERC are typically followed by our state regulatory authorities, for U.S. GAAP reporting purposes, we are prospectively deferring into a regulatory asset the portion of non-service components of net periodic benefit cost that are capitalizable for regulatory purposes.
Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in A Hosting Arrangement That Is A Service Contract - The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred for these contracts with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). We elected to early adopt the new guidance on a prospective basis. Accordingly, we will capitalize the up-front costs incurred for cloud computing arrangements had they been capitalizable in a similar on-premise software solution.
Accounting pronouncements that will be effective after fiscal 2019
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a comprehensive new leasing standard that will require lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet. Subsequently, the FASB issued practical expedients to 1) allow entities to not evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current guidance and 2) allow entities the option to adopt the standard and recognize a cumulative–effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than applying the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption. The new standard will be effective for us beginning on October 1, 2019.
The impact of this change on our financial position is not reasonably estimable at this time. We do not anticipate the adoption of this standard will have a material impact to our results of operations or cash flows. We continue to evaluate our adoption of certain practical expedients, however we currently anticipate adopting the following practical expedients:
land easements under the provisions of ASU 2018-01, as described above,
package of three practical expedients described in ASC 842-10-65-1 and
transition method practical expedient provided in ASU 2018-11, as described above.
We are implementing a new lease accounting system, which we will utilize to capture, track and account for lease data. The new system will also aid in automating the compilation of disclosure information.
In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which will require credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model. Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. In contrast, current U.S. GAAP is based on an incurred loss model that delays recognition of credit losses until it is probable the loss has been incurred. The new guidance also introduces a new impairment recognition model for available-for-sale debt securities that will require credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance account. The new standard will be effective for us beginning on October 1, 2020; early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this new guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. 
In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The guidance removes the disclosure requirements for the amounts of gain/loss and prior service cost/credit amortization expected in the following year and the disclosure of the effect of a one-percentage-point change in the health care cost trend rate, among other changes. The guidance adds certain disclosures including the weighted average interest crediting rate for cash balance plans and a narrative description for the significant change in gains and losses as well as any other significant change in the plan obligations or assets. The new guidance is effective for us in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2020 and should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods
presented. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this new guidance impacts only our disclosures. We intend to early adopt the guidance as of September 30, 2019.
Regulatory assets and liabilities
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require cost-based, rate-regulated entities that meet certain criteria to reflect the authorized recovery of costs due to regulatory decisions in their financial statements. As a result, certain costs are permitted to be capitalized rather than expensed because they can be recovered through rates. We record certain costs as regulatory assets when future recovery through customer rates is considered probable. Regulatory liabilities are recorded when it is probable that revenues will be reduced for amounts that will be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. Substantially all of our regulatory assets are recorded as a component of deferred charges and other assets and our regulatory liabilities are recorded as a component of other current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities. Deferred gas costs are recorded either in other current assets or liabilities and our regulatory excess deferred taxes and regulatory cost of removal obligation are reported separately.
Significant regulatory assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 included the following:
 
June 30,
2019
 
September 30,
2018
 
(In thousands)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Pension and postretirement benefit costs
$
8,007

 
$
6,496

Infrastructure mechanisms(1)
111,211

 
96,739

Deferred gas costs
7,227

 
1,927

Recoverable loss on reacquired debt
7,000

 
8,702

Deferred pipeline record collection costs
25,347

 
20,467

Rate case costs
1,413

 
2,741

Other
4,465

 
6,739

 
$
164,670

 
$
143,811

Regulatory liabilities:
 
 
 
Regulatory excess deferred taxes(2)
$
731,837

 
$
744,895

Regulatory cost of service reserve(3)
6,079

 
22,508

Regulatory cost of removal obligation
526,403

 
522,175

Deferred gas costs
66,171

 
94,705

Asset retirement obligation
12,887

 
12,887

APT annual adjustment mechanism
63,130

 
35,228

Pension and postretirement benefit costs
80,330

 
69,113

Other
3,038

 
9,486

 
$
1,489,875

 
$
1,510,997


 
(1)
Infrastructure mechanisms in Texas and Louisiana allow for the deferral of all eligible expenses associated with capital expenditures incurred pursuant to these rules, including the recording of interest on deferred expenses until the next rate proceeding (rate case or annual rate filing), at which time investment and costs would be recoverable through base rates.
(2)
The TCJA resulted in the remeasurement of the net deferred tax liability included in our rate base. Of this amount, $21.9 million as of June 30, 2019 and $5.2 million as of September 30, 2018 is recorded in other current liabilities. The period and timing of the return of the excess deferred taxes is being determined by regulators in each of our jurisdictions. See Note 13 for further information.
(3)
Effective January 1, 2018, regulators in each of our service areas required us to establish a regulatory liability for the difference in recoverable federal taxes included in revenues based on the former 35% federal statutory rate and the new 21% federal statutory rate for service provided on or after January 1, 2018. The period and timing of the return of this liability to utility customers is being determined by regulators in each of our jurisdictions. See Note 13 for further information.