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Investments (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments [Text Block]
Investments
A summary of debt securities by major security type is as follows:
(in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
2,973

 
$
1

 
$
(61
)
 
$
2,913

State and municipal obligations
 
7,179

 
45

 
(84
)
 
7,140

Corporate obligations
 
15,018

 
10

 
(217
)
 
14,811

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
4,723

 
2

 
(131
)
 
4,594

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,285

 
—

 
(27
)
 
1,258

Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
31,178

 
58

 
(520
)
 
30,716

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
247

 
1

 
(3
)
 
245

State and municipal obligations
 
11

 
—

 
—

 
11

Corporate obligations
 
330

 
—

 
—

 
330

Total debt securities - held-to-maturity
 
588

 
1

 
(3
)
 
586

Total debt securities
 
$
31,766

 
$
59

 
$
(523
)
 
$
31,302

December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
2,673

 
$
1

 
$
(30
)
 
$
2,644

State and municipal obligations
 
7,596

 
99

 
(35
)
 
7,660

Corporate obligations
 
13,181

 
57

 
(44
)
 
13,194

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
3,942

 
7

 
(38
)
 
3,911

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,018

 
3

 
(6
)
 
1,015

Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
28,410

 
167

 
(153
)
 
28,424

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
254

 
1

 
(1
)
 
254

State and municipal obligations
 
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Corporate obligations
 
280

 
—

 
—

 
280

Total debt securities - held-to-maturity
 
536

 
1

 
(1
)
 
536

Total debt securities
 
$
28,946

 
$
168

 
$
(154
)
 
$
28,960


The Company held $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion of equity securities as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company’s investments in equity securities primarily consist of investments in Brazilian real denominated fixed-income funds, employee savings plan related investments and dividend paying stocks, with readily determinable fair values.
Additionally, the Company’s investments included $1.6 billion and $898 million of equity method investments in operating businesses in the health care sector as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of June 30, 2018, by contractual maturity, were as follows:
 
 
Available-for-Sale
 
Held-to-Maturity
(in millions)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less
 
$
3,586

 
$
3,580

 
$
138

 
$
138

Due after one year through five years
 
11,945

 
11,794

 
193

 
191

Due after five years through ten years
 
7,076

 
6,942

 
103

 
103

Due after ten years
 
2,563

 
2,548

 
154

 
154

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
4,723

 
4,594

 
—

 
—

Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,285

 
1,258

 
—

 
—

Total debt securities
 
$
31,178

 
$
30,716

 
$
588

 
$
586


The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities with gross unrealized losses by security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows:
 
 
Less Than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
 
 Total
(in millions)
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
1,850

 
$
(31
)
 
$
832

 
$
(30
)
 
$
2,682

 
$
(61
)
State and municipal obligations
 
3,746

 
(57
)
 
735

 
(27
)
 
4,481

 
(84
)
Corporate obligations
 
10,866

 
(173
)
 
1,119

 
(44
)
 
11,985

 
(217
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
3,125

 
(78
)
 
1,106

 
(53
)
 
4,231

 
(131
)
Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,023

 
(21
)
 
138

 
(6
)
 
1,161

 
(27
)
Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
$
20,610

 
$
(360
)
 
$
3,930

 
$
(160
)
 
$
24,540

 
$
(520
)
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency obligations
 
$
1,249

 
$
(8
)
 
$
1,027

 
$
(22
)
 
$
2,276

 
$
(30
)
State and municipal obligations
 
2,599

 
(21
)
 
866

 
(14
)
 
3,465

 
(35
)
Corporate obligations
 
5,901

 
(23
)
 
1,242

 
(21
)
 
7,143

 
(44
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
1,657

 
(12
)
 
1,162

 
(26
)
 
2,819

 
(38
)
Non-U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
 
411

 
(3
)
 
144

 
(3
)
 
555

 
(6
)
Total debt securities - available-for-sale
 
$
11,817

 
$
(67
)
 
$
4,441

 
$
(86
)
 
$
16,258

 
$
(153
)

The Company’s unrealized losses from debt securities as of June 30, 2018 were generated from 19,000 positions out of a total of 28,000 positions. The Company believes that it will collect the principal and interest due on its debt securities that have an amortized cost in excess of fair value. The unrealized losses were primarily caused by interest rate increases and not by unfavorable changes in the credit quality associated with these securities. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates securities for impairment when the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost. The Company evaluated the underlying credit quality and credit ratings of the issuers, noting no significant deterioration since purchase. As of June 30, 2018, the Company did not have the intent to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position. Therefore, the Company believes these losses to be temporary.