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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of Total Provision for Income Taxes with Amounts Computed at Federal Tax Rate of 35%
The following table reconciles the total provision for income taxes recorded in the consolidated statements of income with the amounts computed at the statutory federal tax rate for the periods presented below.

TABLE 108: INCOME TAXES
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(In Millions)
2019

2018

2017

Federal Rate
21.0
%
21.0
%
35.0
%
Tax at Statutory Rate
$
408.3

$
411.1

$
571.9

Tax Exempt Income
(11.5
)
(6.9
)
(9.6
)
Foreign Tax Rate Differential
4.6

(7.3
)
(50.0
)
Excess Tax Benefit Related to Share-Based Compensation
(17.5
)
(16.8
)
(31.6
)
State Taxes, net
55.0

66.3

40.7

Impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

(4.8
)
(53.1
)
Change in Accounting Method

(24.4
)

Valuation Allowance
29.5

(0.8
)
0.3

Other
(16.5
)
(15.0
)
(33.7
)
 
 
 
 
Provision for Income Taxes
$
451.9

$
401.4

$
434.9


Components of Consolidated Provision for Income Taxes
The components of the consolidated provision for income taxes for each of the three years ended December 31 are as follows:

TABLE 111: PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(In Millions)
2019

2018

2017

Current Tax Provision:
 
 
 
Federal
$
216.4

$
132.8

$
347.3

State
50.7

95.4

38.3

Non-U.S.
150.5

162.7

125.4

 
 
 
 
Total
417.6

390.9

511.0

Deferred Tax Provision:
 
 
 
Federal
$
16.5

$
33.8

$
(96.4
)
State
16.5

(13.8
)
24.6

Non-U.S.
1.3

(9.5
)
(4.3
)
 
 
 
 
Total
34.3

10.5

(76.1
)
 
 
 
 
Provision for Income Taxes
$
451.9

$
401.4

$
434.9


The TCJA was enacted on December 22, 2017, and reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. It also required companies to pay a mandatory deemed repatriation tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred. At December 31, 2017, Northern Trust made a reasonable estimate as to the impact of the TCJA. During 2018, Northern Trust completed the related calculations and additional analyses associated with the implementation of the TCJA, resulting in a number of adjustments to the 2018 tax provision as follows:

TABLE 109: IMPACT OF TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT
(In Millions)
2018

2017

Federal Taxes on Mandatory Deemed Repatriation
$
(16.8
)
$
150.0

Impact Related to Federal Deferred Taxes
12.7

(210.0
)
Other Adjustments
(0.7
)
6.9

 
 
 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
$
(4.8
)
$
(53.1
)

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

TABLE 110: UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS
(In Millions)
2019

2018

2017

Balance at January 1
$
21.9

$
27.7

$
17.2

Additions for Tax Positions Taken in the Current Year
0.9

0.5

9.9

Additions for Tax Positions Taken in Prior Years
4.0

1.7

6.2

Reductions for Tax Positions Taken in Prior Years
(1.5
)
(7.8
)
(5.4
)
Reductions Resulting from Expiration of Statutes

(0.2
)
(0.2
)
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31
$
25.3

$
21.9

$
27.7


Tax Charges (Benefits) Recorded Directly to Stockholders' Equity
In addition to the amounts shown above, tax charges and benefits have been recorded directly to stockholders’ equity for the following:

TABLE 112: TAX CHARGES AND BENEFITS RECORDED DIRECTLY TO STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(In Millions)
2019

2018

2017

Tax Effect of Other Comprehensive Income
88.9

25.7

(112.4
)

Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been computed as follows:

TABLE 113: NET DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES
 
DECEMBER 31,
(In Millions)
2019

2018

Deferred Tax Liabilities:
 
 
Lease Financing
$
36.9

$
43.3

Software Development
249.4

193.2

Accumulated Depreciation
99.8

129.5

Compensation and Benefits
8.3

10.9

State Taxes, net
66.4

58.9

Other Liabilities
206.7

114.5

 
 
 
Gross Deferred Tax Liabilities
667.5

550.3

 
 
 
Deferred Tax Assets:
 
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
26.1

29.0

Other Assets
147.0

120.6

 
 
 
Gross Deferred Tax Assets
173.1

149.6

 
 
 
Valuation Reserve
(29.8
)
(0.3
)
Deferred Tax Assets, net of Valuation Reserve
143.3

149.3

 
 
 
Net Deferred Tax Liabilities
$
524.2

$
401.0