
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Stock options	$	1,568	$	179
Restricted stock units and deferred stock units	1,765		1,935
Performance stock units	352		330
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	53		40
Total pre-tax share-based compensation expense charged against income	$	3,738	$	2,484

At March 31, 2025, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and awards was $26.8 million. The weighted average period over which these awards will vest was approximately 3.4 years.

The following table summarizes the components of share-based compensation expense included within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expense	$	3,724	$	2,471
Costs of services provided	14		13
Total share-based compensation expense	$	3,738	$	2,484

On May 26, 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan after approval by the Company’s Shareholders at the 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. On May 30, 2023, the Company increased the authorized shares under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended, the “Amended 2020 Plan”) by 2.5 million shares after approval by the Company’s Shareholders at the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Amended 2020 Plan provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, PSUs, RSUs and other stock awards. The Amended 2020 Plan seeks to encourage profitability and growth of the Company through short-term and long-term incentives that are consistent with the Company’s operating objectives.

As of March 31, 2025, there were 6.2 million shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended 2020 Plan, of which 1.6 million are available for future grant. The amount of shares available for issuance under the Amended 2020 Plan will increase when outstanding awards under the Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) are subsequently forfeited, terminated, lapsed or satisfied thereunder in cash or property other than shares. No stock award will have a term in excess of 10 years. The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee (the “NCSO”) of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the terms of the grants in accordance with the Amended 2020 Plan.


	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2024	2,528	$	28.23
Granted	269	$	11.76
Exercised	—	$	—
Forfeited	—	$	—
Expired	(274)	$	31.15
March 31, 2025	2,523	$	26.16

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $6.08 and $5.06 per common share, respectively. No stock options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The fair value of stock option awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was estimated on the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:


	March 31, 2025
	(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding:
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	—
Weighted average remaining contractual life	5.3 years
Exercisable:
Number of options	1,715
Weighted average exercise price	$	32.06
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	—
Weighted average remaining contractual life	3.8 years

The fair value of outstanding RSUs and DSUs was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company granted 0.7 million RSUs and DSUs with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $11.75 per unit. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company granted 0.7 million RSUs and DSUs to its employees with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $10.37 per unit.


	Restricted Stock Units & Deferred Stock Units
	Number	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2024	1,516	$	13.98
Granted	701	$	11.75
Vested	(396)	$	16.21
Forfeited	(9)	$	12.39
March 31, 2025	1,812	$	12.64

The Company grants DSUs to non-employee directors. Once vested, the recipient shall be entitled to receive a lump sum payment of a number of shares equal to the total number of DSUs issued to such recipient upon the first to occur of (i) the five year anniversary of the date of grant, (ii) the recipient’s death, disability or separation of service from the Board, or (iii) a change of control (as defined by the Amended 2020 Plan). Non-employee directors can also elect to receive their Board of Directors retainer in the form of DSUs in lieu of cash. DSUs issued in lieu of cash for retainers vest immediately. The number of DSUs granted to these directors is determined based on the stock price on the award date and approximates the cash value the directors would otherwise receive for their retainer. Two non-employee directors made an election in 2024 to receive DSUs in lieu of cash for their 2025 Board of Directors retainer.

On May 28, 2024, the NCSO granted an aggregate of 30,000 DSUs to the Company’s non-employee directors. Each DSU award granted vests in one year. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost of outstanding DSU awards at March 31, 2025 is $0.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.2 years.

On January 3, 2025, the NCSO granted 0.1 million PSUs to the Company’s executive officers. Such PSUs are contingent upon the achievement of certain total shareholder return (“TSR”) targets as compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 Index and the participant’s continued employment with the Company for the three year period ending December 31, 2027, the date at which such awards vest. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost of the TSR-based PSU awards at March 31, 2025 is $2.6 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.


	Performance Stock Units
	Number	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2024	258	$	15.31
Granted	106	$	14.75
Vested	(31)	$	21.00
Forfeited	(29)	$	21.00
March 31, 2025	304	$	14.00

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is currently available through 2026 to all eligible employees. All full-time and part-time employees who work an average of 20 hours per week and have completed two years of continuous service with the Company are eligible to participate. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day.

Under the ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.1 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, there are 1.7 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2025.

The expense associated with the options granted under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

The Company offers a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for executives and certain key employees. The SERP allows participants to defer up to 25% of their earned income on a pre-tax basis and as of the last day of each plan year, each participant will be credited with a 25% match up to 15% of their earnings deferred in the form of the Company’s common stock based on the then-current market value.

Under the SERP, the Company is authorized to issue 1.0 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, the Company has 0.2 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2025. At the time of issuance, such shares are accounted for at cost as treasury stock.