
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Stock options	$	521	$	664
Restricted stock and restricted stock units	1,301		992
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	151		182
Total pre-tax share-based compensation expense charged against income¹	$	1,973	$	1,838

1.Share-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

At March 31, 2020, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and awards was $22.4 million. The weighted average period over which these awards will vest is approximately 3.4 years.

The Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock awards. The Plan seeks to promote the highest level of performance by providing an economic interest in the long-term success of the Company.

As of March 31, 2020, 3.1 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Plan, including 0.3 million shares available for future grant. No stock award will have a term in excess of 10 years. All awards granted under the Plan become vested and exercisable ratably over a five year period on each yearly anniversary of the grant date.

The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the terms of the grants in accordance with the Plan.

A summary of stock options outstanding under the Plan as of December 31, 2019 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:


	Stock Options Outstanding
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2019	2,107	$	32.99
Granted	210	$	24.43
Exercised	(92)	$	17.55
Forfeited	(9)	$	37.64
Expired	(12)	$	32.58
March 31, 2020	2,204	$	32.80

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $4.62 and $8.18 per common share, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

The fair value of stock option awards granted in 2020 and 2019 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	1.8	%	2.5	%
Weighted average expected life	6.6 years		5.7 years
Expected volatility	26.5	%	22.6	%
Dividend yield	3.2	%	1.9	%


	March 31, 2020
	(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Outstanding:
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	1,340
Weighted average remaining contractual life	5.8 years
Exercisable:
Number of options	1,483
Weighted average exercise price	$	31.04
Aggregate intrinsic value	$	1,340
Weighted average remaining contractual life	4.6 years

The fair value of outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company granted 0.3 million restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $24.43 per unit. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company granted 0.2 million restricted stock units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $40.49 per unit.

A summary of the outstanding restricted stock units and restricted stock as of December 31, 2019 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:


	Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock
	Number	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2019	362	$	43.24
Granted	307	$	24.43
Vested	(93)	$	42.30
Forfeited	(8)	$	32.68
March 31, 2020	568	$	33.36

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is currently available through 2021 to all eligible employees. All full-time and part-time employees who work an average of 20 hours per week and have completed two years of continuous service with the Company are eligible to participate. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year’s first and last calendar day.

Under the ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.1 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, there are 2.1 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2020.

The expense associated with the options granted under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Risk-free interest rate	1.6%	2.6%
Weighted average expected life (years)	1.0	1.0
Expected volatility	42.0%	30.8%
Dividend yield	3.3%	1.9%

The Company offers a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for executives and certain key employees. The SERP allows participants to defer a portion of their earned income on a pre-tax basis and as of the last day of each plan year, each participant will be credited with a match of a portion of their deferral in the form of the Company’s common stock based on the then-current market value. Under the SERP, the Company is authorized to issue 1.0 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, the Company has 0.4 million shares available for future grant at March 31, 2020. At the time of issuance, such shares are accounted for at cost as treasury stock.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
SERP expense ¹	$	170	$	169
Unrealized (loss) gain recorded in SERP liability account	$	(5,728)	$	3,418

1.Both the SERP match and the deferrals are included in the selling, general and administrative caption in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.