DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business

CalAmp Corp. (including its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, “CalAmp”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is a connected intelligence company that leverages a data-driven solutions ecosystem to help people and organizations improve operational performance. We solve complex problems for customers within the market verticals of transportation and logistics, commercial and government fleets, industrial equipment, and consumer vehicles by providing solutions that track, monitor, and recover their vital assets. The data and insights enabled by CalAmp solutions provide real-time visibility into a user’s vehicles, assets, drivers, and cargo, giving organizations greater understanding and control of their operations. Ultimately, these insights drive operational visibility, safety, efficiency, maintenance, and sustainability for organizations around the world. We are a global organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California.

Recent Events

Transition of MRM Telematics Customers to Subscription Arrangements

In the latter half of Fiscal 2022, we prompted a strategic shift with customers who historically purchased MRM telematics devices from us whereby many of these customers were to be transitioned to subscription-based arrangements by way of bundling services with telematics devices under multi-year (generally three years) subscription contracts. Beginning in Fiscal 2022 and through Fiscal 2023, we transitioned a substantial majority of the MRM business to multi-year subscription contracts. As a result, our financial results associated with such subscription arrangements is reported within our Software & Subscription Services reporting segment prospectively from the effective date of such underlying contracts which in Fiscal 2023 led to growth in our Software & Subscription Services business with a corresponding decline in our Telematics Products business. Long term we believe this shift will allow us to drive revenue growth as we generate incremental revenue from our existing customer base as well as new customers through current and anticipated broader future subscription service offerings.

Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CalAmp Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared with the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern. Based on our current and projected level of operations, we believe that our future cash flows from operating activities, our existing cash and cash equivalents and our credit facility will provide adequate funds for ongoing operations and working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, our business is subject to various factors that could impact operations, and such impacts could be material.

As further discussed in Note 2, Discontinued Operations, the operating results and cash flows related to the LoJack North America business are presented as discontinued operations.

Certain prior period disclosures have been modified to conform to the current period presentation.

Reportable Segments

As further discussed in Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, our two reportable segments are Software & Subscription Services and Telematics Products.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowances for doubtful accounts; charges for excess and obsolete inventory; deferred income tax asset valuation allowances; goodwill and other

long-lived assets; stock-based compensation; legal contingencies and revenue recognition. The current COVID-19 pandemic and general economic environment, and our supplier and customer concentrations also increase the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

We enter into contracts with our customers to provide telematics solutions through various combinations of platform and application subscriptions and associated telematics devices. We recognize revenue when distinct promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In determining revenue recognition we apply the following five-step approach:

•identify the contract with a customer;

•identify the performance obligations in the contract;

•determine the transaction price;

•allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation.

We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for goods or services we transfer to the customer.

Revenues from subscription services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term of the subscription, which generally ranges from two to five years.

We recognize revenue from telematics product sales upon the transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price. Customers generally do not have a right of return except for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer incentive programs as reductions of revenues.

From time to time, we provide various professional services to customers. These services include project management, engineering services and installation services, which are often distinct from other performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed. For certain professional service contracts, we recognize revenue based on the proportion of total costs incurred to-date over the estimated cost of the contract, which is an input method.

In many customer arrangements subscription services are bundled with the sale or lease of telematics devices within the same contractual arrangement. To determine the performance obligations under these arrangements, we assess the contractual elements and, in particular, whether the telematics products within the arrangement are distinct. This is an area of judgment that includes the consideration of all elements of the arrangement. Significant factors in determining whether telematics devices are distinct are whether such devices are sold separately, as well as the degree of integration and interdependency between the subscription elements of the arrangement and the associated telematics devices. If we conclude that the telematics devices within a customer arrangement are distinct and therefore represent a separate performance obligation, the total expected consideration associated with the contract is allocated between the performance obligations based upon the relative stand-alone selling price associated with each performance obligation. We base stand-alone selling prices on pricing tables for the same or similar items.

For some customer arrangements, we have concluded that the subscription services and associated telematics devices are not distinct performance obligations and thus represent a single combined performance obligation. For certain other customer arrangements under which devices are leased in combination with subscription services, we consider the arrangement to be predominately a subscription service and thus a combined single performance obligation for purposes of revenue recognition. In both of these circumstances, we generally recognize the total expected consideration as revenue over the term of the subscription. In customer arrangements for which the embedded lease is an operating lease, we utilize the practical expedient that allows for the combining of lease and nonlease components. Device related costs associated with arrangements in which title to the device is transferred to the customer under a single combined performance obligation are recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet and are amortized into cost of revenues over the term of the subscription or the estimated in-service lives of the devices. In contractual arrangements under which we provide devices as part of the subscription contract but we retain control of the devices, the cost of the devices is capitalized as property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful life of three to five years.

We exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by us from a customer.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract assets are comprised of unbilled amounts for which we have transferred products or provided services to our customers and are classified as accounts receivable. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, contract assets aggregated for $28.3 million and $11.1 million, respectively. Contract liabilities (deferred revenues) are comprised of payments received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, we recognized $26.4 million in revenue from the deferred revenue balance of $32.1 million as of February 28, 2022.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer consist of sales commissions, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the corresponding contracts. Sales commissions included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets were $1.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively, as of February 28, 2023.

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into reportable segments, geography, type of goods and services and timing of revenue recognition. See Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, for our revenue by segment and geography. The disaggregation of revenue by type of goods and services and by timing of revenue recognition is as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended February 28,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenue by type of goods and services:
Telematics devices and accessories	$	188,881	$	182,916	$	193,486
Rental income and other services		25,856		19,265		17,844
Recurring application subscriptions		80,212		93,658		97,257
Total	$	294,949	$	295,839	$	308,587
Revenue by timing of revenue recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time	$	206,447	$	195,399	$	209,902
Revenue recognized over time		88,502		100,440		98,685
Total	$	294,949	$	295,839	$	308,587

Telematics devices and accessories revenues presented in the table above include devices sold in customer arrangements that include both device and subscription services. Revenues related to recurring application subscriptions include subscription revenues as well as amortization of deferred revenue for contractual arrangements under which the subscription services and associated telematics devices were determined to be a single combined performance obligation.

Remaining performance obligations for Software & Subscription Services represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, we have estimated remaining performance obligations for contractually committed revenues of $234.5 million and $202.0 million respectively. As of February 28, 2023, we expect to recognize approximately 49% of the revenue under these remaining performance obligations in Fiscal 2024 and 27% in Fiscal 2025. As of February 28, 2022, we expected to recognize approximately 47% of the then remaining performance obligations in Fiscal 2023 and 24% in Fiscal 2024. We exclude contracts that have original durations of less than one year from the aforementioned remaining performance obligation disclosure.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable debt securities and trade accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents as well as investments are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the federally insured limits. These deposits are maintained with reputable financial institutions and are redeemable upon demand. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements executed in our normal business activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts or in some cases amounts expected to be invoiced. Our payment terms generally range between 30 to 60 days of our invoice date with a few exceptions that extend the credit terms up to 90 days, and we do not offer financing options. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past due balances are assessed by management on a periodic basis and balances are written off when the customer’s financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Actual collections may differ from estimated amounts.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Except for the increase in expected credit losses, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to our estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of our assets or liabilities as of the date of this annual report. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. As a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

We analyzed the credit risk associated with our accounts receivables and lease receivables. Since our historical loss rates have not shown any significant differences between customer industries or geographies, we have grouped all accounts receivables and lease receivables into a single portfolio. As described in Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, we do not have significant international geographic concentrations of revenue, and as a result, we do not have significant concentrations of accounts receivables or lease receivables in any single geography outside of the United States.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or market (net realizable value). Inventories are reviewed for excess quantities and obsolescence based upon usage levels and demand forecasts for a specific time horizon. We record a charge to cost of revenues for the amount required to reduce the carrying value of inventory to estimated net realizable value. Ongoing changes in cellular carrier technology, supplier changes, changes in demand or significant reductions in product pricing may necessitate additional write-downs of inventory carrying value in the future, which could be material.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the respective estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

We capitalize certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining internal-use software and software embedded in our products. These costs are recorded as property and equipment in our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over useful lives ranging from three to seven years. The devices leased to our customers under operating leases are capitalized as property and equipment and being depreciated over the life of the devices.

Business Combinations

The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is allocated to goodwill. We determine the estimated fair values after review and consideration of relevant information, including discounted cash flows, quoted market prices and other estimates made by management. We may refine the preliminary purchase price allocation, as necessary, during the measurement period of up to one year after the acquisition closing date as we obtain more information as to facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date impacting the asset valuations and liabilities assumed. Goodwill acquired in business combinations is assigned to the reporting unit expected to benefit from the combination as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are recognized separately from the acquisition and are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The estimates of fair value of the reporting units are computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including future gross margin rates, expense rates, capital expenditures and other estimates), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value (or estimated fair value) based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). We select assumptions used in the financial forecasts by using historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses (i.e. guideline companies). The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate giving consideration to risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, we evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or asset group to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the lowest level of asset group. If the assets or asset group are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk.

The recoverability assessment with respect to each of the tradenames used in our operations requires us to estimate the fair value of the asset as of the assessment date. Such determination is made using discounted cash flow techniques (Level 3 determination of fair value). Significant inputs to the valuation model include future revenue and profitability projections associated with the tradename through a relief from royalty approach; estimated market royalty rates that could be derived from the licensing of our tradenames to third parties in order to establish the cash flows accruing to the benefit of the Company as a result of our ownership of our tradenames; and rates used to discount the estimated royalty cash flow projections to their present value (or estimated fair value).

In the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 and throughout Fiscal 2021, we determined that the prolonged secular decline in revenues from our legacy LoJack U.S. stolen vehicle recovery (“SVR”) products coupled with the slower than anticipated market penetration of our telematics solutions in the U.S. automotive dealership channel represented determinate indications of impairment. These factors were further exacerbated by the continuing unfavorable impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the automotive end markets over the past year. As a result, we initiated an assessment of the carrying amount of the related goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets supporting these products including the LoJack tradename and dealer and customer relationships in both fiscal years. Based upon our assessment of economic conditions, our expectations of future business conditions and trends, our projected revenues, earnings, and cash flows, we determined that goodwill and certain of our long-lived assets were impaired in fiscal year 2021 as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended February 28,
	2021
LoJack U.S. SVR Products goodwill	$	12,023
Other intangible assets:
Developed technology		478
Tradenames		-
Dealer and customer relationships		1,005
Property and equipment and other assets		10,483
Operating lease right-of-use assets and related liabilities		658
Total	$	24,647

Of the above amounts, $23.8 million was included in discontinued operations in the year ended February 28, 2021 (see Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information).

Fair Value Measurements

Our cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these items. Our marketable securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The framework for measuring fair value and related disclosure requirements about fair value measurements are provided in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (ASC 820). This pronouncement defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy proscribed by ASC 820 contains three levels as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Call Transactions

We account for our convertible senior notes as a single debt instrument measured at amortized cost, net of unamortized debt issuance costs. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. If a conversion of the underlying debt occurs prior to maturity a proportionate share of the unamortized amount is immediately expensed. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. In certain cases, costs are incurred to purchase materials and equipment for future use in research and development efforts. In such cases, these costs are capitalized and expensed as consumed.

Product Warranty

All products have a one- to three-year limited warranty against manufacturing defects and workmanship. We estimate the future costs relating to product returns subject to our warranty and record a reserve upon shipment of our products. We periodically adjust our estimates for actual warranty claims, historical claims experience as well as the impact of known product quality issues.

Patent Litigation and Other Contingencies

We accrue for patent litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Although we take considerable measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is unpredictable; however, we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method when accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Valuation allowances are provided against net deferred tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. In assessing valuation allowances, we review historical and future expected operating results and other factors, including cumulative earnings experience, expectations of future taxable income by jurisdiction and the carryforward periods available for reporting purposes.

Foreign Currency Translation

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive loss during the period. The aggregate foreign currency transaction exchange rate losses included in determining loss from continuing operations before income taxes were $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation expense resulting from grants of employee stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units is recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the respective grant date fair values of the awards. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing method for valuing stock options and shares granted under the employee stock purchase plan and recognize the expense over a requisite service (vesting) period using the straight-line method. Restricted stock units (RSUs), are valued based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. The measurement of stock-based compensation is based on several criteria such as the type of equity award, the valuation model used and associated input factors including the expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate and forfeiture rate. Certain of these inputs are subjective and are determined based in part on management's judgment. We account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures over the course of a vesting period.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). OCI refers to revenue, expenses and gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity and excluded from net income (loss). Our OCI consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

The Company has reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded they were either not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 814-40), which removes certain separation models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock that require the separation of a convertible debt instrument into a debt component and an equity or derivative component. Specifically, the new pronouncement removes the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature or convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. We adopted ASU 2020-06 effective March 1, 2022, the beginning of Fiscal 2023, utilizing the modified retrospective approach whereby the cumulative effect of the change in accounting was recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (accumulated deficit) at the date of adoption. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be presented in accordance with accounting standards that were in effect for those periods.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, we allocated the gross proceeds of the Convertible Notes between the liability and equity components under the cash conversion feature model using the accounting rules in GAAP (ASC 470-20). The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated based on the fair value of a similar debt instrument excluding the embedded conversion option at the issuance date. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represented a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component of the notes was included in stockholders' equity and was not remeasured as long as it continued to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Effective March 1, 2022, we no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature of such debt. Instead, we account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (i) the convertible debt instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative or (ii) the convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, debt issuance costs attributable to the liability component were amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method and debt issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity. Upon adoption, the entire amount of debt issuance costs is reflected as a contra-liability and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the respective term of the notes. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in-capital.

After adopting the new guidance, the use of the if-converted method is required when calculating diluted earnings per share ("EPS") for convertible instruments and the treasury stock method should no longer be used. Under the new guidance, convertible instruments that may be settled in cash or shares are to be included in the calculation of diluted EPS if the effect is more dilutive, with no option for rebutting the presumption of share settlement based on stated policy or past experience. If we make an irrevocable election to settle the principal of the Convertible Notes in cash and the excess conversion spread in shares, the if-converted method will result in a reduced number of shares issued to reflect only the excess conversion.

The below adoption adjustments were calculated based on the carrying amount of the Convertible Notes as if it had always been treated as a liability only. Furthermore, these adjustments address the debt issuance costs contra-liability and equity (additional paid-in capital) components under the same premise (i.e., as if the total amount of debt issuance costs had always been treated as a contra-liability only). Lastly, we derecognized the deferred income taxes associated with the debt discount and adjusted deferred income taxes relative to unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the Convertible Notes. This resulted in a net increase in gross deferred taxes of $9.4 million but no impact to the net deferred tax asset balance due to the valuation allowance recorded against our domestic deferred tax assets. We expect lower interest expense related to the Convertible Notes to be recognized in future periods subsequent to the adoption as a result of accounting for the Convertible Notes as a single liability measured at amortized cost.

The following table summarizes the impact of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on our consolidated balance sheet on March 1, 2022 (in thousands).

	February 28, 2022			ASU 2020-06			March 1, 2022
	As Reported			Adoption Impact			As Adjusted
Deferred income tax assets, net	$	4,165		$	-			4,165
Total debt (1)		192,288			37,365			229,653
Additional paid-in-capital		242,386			(67,003	)		175,383
Accumulated deficit	$	(165,965	)	$	29,639		$	(136,326	)

(1) Prior to adoption, the carrying value of the convertible debt represented the principal amount less the unamortized debt discount and unamortized debt issuance costs. After adoption, the carrying value of convertible debt represents the principal amount less the unamortized debt issuance costs.