12. INVESTMENTS

Investments include financial investments in life insurance policies, which are accounted for at cash surrender value, net of policy loans, and equity investments in certain partnerships and limited liability companies, which are accounted for under the equity method. The following table summarizes our other investments at December 31:



In thousands	2013		2012
Investments in life insurance policies	$	51,791	$	51,439
Investments in gas pipeline joint ventures	14,048		14,216
Other	2,012		2,012
Total other investments	$	67,851	$	67,667

Investment in Life Insurance Policies

We have invested in key person life insurance contracts to provide an indirect funding vehicle for certain long-term employee and director benefit plan liabilities. The amount in the above table is reported at cash surrender value, net of policy loans.

Equity Method Investments

Palomar, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PGH, is pursuing the development of a new gas transmission pipeline that would provide an interconnection with our utility distribution system. PGH is owned 50% by NWN Energy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of NW Natural, and 50% by TransCanada American Investments Ltd., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of TransCanada Corporation.

VIE Analysis

PGH is a development stage VIE. As of December 31, 2013, there were no changes to our VIE analysis and, as such, we continue to report Palomar under equity method accounting based on the determination that we are not the primary beneficiary of PGH’s activities, as defined by the authoritative guidance related to consolidations, due to the fact that we have a 50% share and there are no stipulations that allow disproportionate influence over the entity. Our investment in PGH and Palomar are included in other investments on our balance sheet. Our maximum loss exposure related to PGH is limited to our equity investment balance, less our share of any cash or other assets available to us as a 50% owner.

Impairment Analysis

Our investments in nonconsolidated entities accounted for under the equity method are reviewed for impairment at each reporting period and following updates to our corporate planning assumptions. When it is determined that a loss in value is other than temporary, a charge is recognized for the difference between the investment’s carrying value and its estimated fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market prices when available, or on the present value of expected future cash flows. Differing assumptions could affect the timing and amount of a charge recorded in any period.

In 2011, Palomar withdrew its original application with the FERC for a proposed natural gas pipeline in Oregon and informed FERC that it intended to re-file an application to reflect changes in the project scope aligning the project with the region’s current and future gas infrastructure needs. Palomar continues working with customers in the Pacific Northwest to further understand their gas transportation needs and determine the commercial support for a revised pipeline proposal. A new FERC certificate application is expected to be filed to reflect a revised scope based on these regional needs.

Due to project scope changes in 2011, a portion of the assets were impaired and, as a result, we recorded a pre-tax charge of $1.3 million for our share of these costs at December 31, 2011. There have been no significant changes or impairments to the project since 2011. Our remaining equity investment was not impaired at December 31, 2013 as the fair value of expected cash flows from planned development exceeded our remaining equity investment of $13.4 million at December 31, 2013. However, if we learn that the project is not viable or will not go forward, then we could be required to recognize a maximum charge of up to approximately $13.2 million based on the current amount of our equity investment, net of cash and working capital at Palomar. We will continue to monitor and update our impairment analysis as required.