10-Q 1 wfc-06302015x10q.htm 10-Q WFC-06.30.2015-10Q


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10‑Q
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015
 
Commission file number 001-2979
 
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
No. 41-0449260
(State of incorporation)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
420 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California 94163
(Address of principal executive offices)  (Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  1-866-249-3302 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ
 
No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ
 
No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
 
Large accelerated filer    þ
 
Accelerated filer  o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non‑accelerated filer    o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company  o
 
          
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o
 
No þ
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
 
 
Shares Outstanding
 
 
July 31, 2015
Common stock, $1-2/3 par value
 
5,133,359,268
          




FORM 10-Q
 
CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
 
PART I
Financial Information
  
Item 1.
Financial Statements
Page
  
Consolidated Statement of Income
  
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
  
Consolidated Balance Sheet
  
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
  
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
  
Notes to Financial Statements
  
  
1

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
  
2

Business Combinations
  
3

Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Other Short-Term Investments  
  
4

Investment Securities
  
5

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
  
6

Other Assets
  
7

Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
  
8

Mortgage Banking Activities
  
9

Intangible Assets
  
10

Guarantees, Pledged Assets and Collateral
  
11

Legal Actions
  
12

Derivatives
  
13

Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
  
14

Preferred Stock
  
15

Employee Benefits
  
16

Earnings Per Common Share
  
17

Other Comprehensive Income
  
18

Operating Segments
  
19

Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Financial Review)
  
  
Summary Financial Data  
  
Overview
  
Earnings Performance
  
Balance Sheet Analysis
  
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements  
  
Risk Management
  
Capital Management
  
Regulatory Reform
  
Critical Accounting Policies  
  
Current Accounting Developments
  
Forward-Looking Statements  
  
Risk Factors 
  
Glossary of Acronyms
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
 
 
 
PART II
Other Information
  
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6.
Exhibits
 
 
 
 
 
Signature
 
 
Exhibit Index

1



PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Summary Financial Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
% Change
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Quarter ended
 
 
June 30, 2015 from
 
 
Six months ended
 
 
  

($ in millions, except per share amounts)
June 30,
2015

 
March 31,
2015

 
June 30,
2014

 
March 31,
2015

 
June 30,
2014

 
June 30,
2015


June 30,
2014

 
%
Change

For the Period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
Wells Fargo net income
$
5,719

 
5,804

 
5,726

 
(1
)%
 

 
11,523

 
11,619

 
(1
)%
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock
5,363

 
5,461

 
5,424

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
10,824

 
11,031

 
(2
)
Diluted earnings per common share
1.03

 
1.04

 
1.01

 
(1
)
 
2

 
2.07

 
2.06

 

Profitability ratios (annualized):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo net income to average assets (ROA)
1.33
%
 
1.38

 
1.47

 
(4
)
 
(10
)
 
1.35

 
1.52

 
(11
)
Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock to average Wells Fargo common stockholders' equity (ROE)
12.71

 
13.17

 
13.40

 
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
12.94

 
13.86

 
(7
)
Efficiency ratio (1)
58.5

 
58.8

 
57.9

 
(1
)
 
1

 
58.6

 
57.9

 
1

Total revenue
21,318

 
21,278

 
21,066

 

 
1

 
42,596

 
41,691

 
2

Pre-tax pre-provision profit (PTPP) (2)
8,849

 
8,771

 
8,872

 
1

 

 
17,620

 
17,549

 

Dividends declared per common share
0.375

 
0.35

 
0.35

 
7

 
7

 
0.725

 
0.65

 
12

Average common shares outstanding
5,151.9

 
5,160.4

 
5,268.4

 

 
(2
)
 
5,156.1

 
5,265.6

 
(2
)
Diluted average common shares outstanding
5,220.5

 
5,243.6

 
5,350.8

 

 
(2
)
 
5,233.2

 
5,353.2

 
(2
)
Average loans
$
870,446

 
863,261

 
831,043

 
1

 
5

 
866,873

 
827,436

 
5

Average assets
1,729,278

 
1,707,798

 
1,564,003

 
1

 
11

 
1,718,597

 
1,545,060

 
11

Average core deposits (3)
1,079,160

 
1,063,234

 
991,727

 
1

 
9

 
1,071,241

 
982,814

 
9

Average retail core deposits (4)
741,500

 
731,413

 
698,763

 
1

 
6

 
736,484

 
694,726

 
6

Net interest margin
2.97
%
 
2.95

 
3.15

 
1

 
(6
)
 
2.96

 
3.17

 
(7
)
At Period End
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
Investment securities
$
340,769

 
324,736

 
279,069

 
5

 
22

 
340,769

 
279,069

 
22

Loans
888,459

 
861,231

 
828,942

 
3

 
7

 
888,459

 
828,942

 
7

Allowance for loan losses
11,754

 
12,176

 
13,101

 
(3
)
 
(10
)
 
11,754

 
13,101

 
(10
)
Goodwill
25,705

 
25,705

 
25,705

 

 

 
25,705

 
25,705

 

Assets
1,720,617

 
1,737,737

 
1,598,874

 
(1
)
 
8

 
1,720,617

 
1,598,874

 
8

Core deposits (3)
1,082,634

 
1,086,993

 
1,007,485

 

 
7

 
1,082,634

 
1,007,485

 
7

Wells Fargo stockholders' equity
189,558

 
188,796

 
180,859

 

 
5

 
189,558

 
180,859

 
5

Total equity
190,676

 
189,964

 
181,549

 

 
5

 
190,676

 
181,549

 
5

Capital ratios (5)(6):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
Total equity to assets
11.08
%
 
10.93

 
11.35

 
1

 
(2
)
 
11.08

 
11.35

 
(2
)
Risk-based capital:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
Common Equity Tier 1
10.78

 
10.69

 
11.31

 
NM

 
NM

 
10.78

 
11.31

 
NM

Tier 1 capital
12.28

 
12.20

 
12.72

 
NM

 
NM

 
12.28

 
12.72

 
NM

Total capital
14.45

 
15.08

 
15.89

 
NM

 
NM

 
14.45

 
15.89

 
NM

Tier 1 leverage
9.45

 
9.48

 
9.86

 
NM

 
NM

 
9.45

 
9.86

 
NM

Common shares outstanding
5,145.2

 
5,162.9

 
5,249.9

 

 
(2
)
 
5,145.2

 
5,249.9

 
(2
)
Book value per common share
$
32.96

 
32.70

 
31.18

 
1

 
6

 
32.96

 
31.18

 
6

Common stock price:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
High
58.26

 
56.29

 
53.05

 
3

 
10

 
58.26

 
53.05

 
10

Low
53.56

 
50.42

 
46.72

 
6

 
15

 
50.42

 
44.17

 
14

Period end
56.24

 
54.40

 
52.56

 
3

 
7

 
56.24

 
52.56

 
7

Team members (active, full-time equivalent)
265,800

 
266,000

 
263,500

 

 
1

 
265,800

 
263,500

 
1

NM - Not meaningful
(1)
The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income and noninterest income).
(2)
Pre-tax pre-provision profit (PTPP) is total revenue less noninterest expense. Management believes that PTPP is a useful financial measure because it enables investors and others to assess the Company's ability to generate capital to cover credit losses through a credit cycle.
(3)
Core deposits are noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, certain market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances).
(4)
Retail core deposits are total core deposits excluding Wholesale Banking core deposits and retail mortgage escrow deposits.
(5)
The risk-based capital ratios presented were calculated: (a) under the Basel III Standardized Approach with Transition Requirements at June 30 and March 31, 2015, except for total capital ratio at June 30, 2015, which was calculated under the Basel III Advanced Approach with Transition Requirements, and (b) under the Basel III General Approach at June 30, 2014.
(6)
See the "Capital Management" section and Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.



2

Overview (continued)

This Quarterly Report, including the Financial Review and the Financial Statements and related Notes, contains forward-looking statements, which may include forecasts of our financial results and condition, expectations for our operations and business, and our assumptions for those forecasts and expectations. Do not unduly rely on forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from our forward-looking statements due to several factors. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are described in this Report, including in the “Forward-Looking Statements” section, and the “Risk Factors” and “Regulation and Supervision” sections of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 (2014 Form 10-K).
 
When we refer to “Wells Fargo,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Report, we mean Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries (consolidated). When we refer to the “Parent,” we mean Wells Fargo & Company. See the Glossary of Acronyms for terms used throughout this Report.
 
Financial Review
 
Overview
Wells Fargo & Company is a nationwide, diversified, community-based financial services company with $1.7 trillion in assets. Founded in 1852 and headquartered in San Francisco, we provide banking, insurance, investments, mortgage, and consumer and commercial finance through 8,700 locations, 12,800 ATMs, the internet (wellsfargo.com) and mobile banking, and we have offices in 36 countries to support customers who conduct business in the global economy. With approximately 266,000 active, full-time equivalent team members, we serve one in three households in the United States and rank No. 30 on Fortune’s 2015 rankings of America’s largest corporations. We ranked fourth in assets and first in the market value of our common stock among all U.S. banks at June 30, 2015.
We use our Vision and Values to guide us toward growth and success. Our vision is to satisfy our customers’ financial needs, help them succeed financially, be recognized as the premier financial services company in our markets and be one of America’s great companies. Important to our strategy to achieve this vision is to increase the number of our products our customers use and to offer them all of the financial products that fulfill their financial needs. We aspire to create deep and enduring relationships with our customers by discovering their needs and delivering the most relevant products, services, advice, and guidance.
We have six primary values, which are based on our vision and provide the foundation for everything we do. First, we value and support our people as a competitive advantage and strive to attract, develop, retain and motivate the most talented people we can find. Second, we strive for the highest ethical standards with our team members, our customers, our communities and our shareholders. Third, with respect to our customers, we strive to base our decisions and actions on what is right for them in everything we do. Fourth, for team members we strive to build and sustain a diverse and inclusive culture – one where they feel valued and respected for who they are as well as for the skills and experiences they bring to our company. Fifth, we also look to each of our team members to be leaders in establishing, sharing and communicating our vision. Sixth, we strive to make risk management a competitive advantage by working hard to ensure that appropriate controls are in place to reduce risks to our customers, maintain and increase our competitive market position, and protect Wells Fargo’s long-term safety, soundness and reputation.
 
Financial Performance
Wells Fargo net income was $5.7 billion in second quarter 2015 with diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.03, compared with $5.7 billion and $1.01, respectively, a year ago. Our results
 
reflected the benefit of our diversified business model, and our financial strength and competitive positioning allowed us to capture opportunities for growth - both organically and through acquisitions.
Compared with a year ago:
revenue grew 1%, with 4% growth in net interest income;
our total loans reached a record $888.5 billion, an increase of $59.5 billion, or 7%, even with the planned runoff in our non-strategic/liquidating portfolios, and our core loan portfolio grew by $68.5 billion, or 9%; 
our liquidating portfolio declined $9.0 billion and was only 6% of our total loans, down from 8% a year ago;
our deposit franchise continued to generate strong customer and balance growth, with average deposits up $83.8 billion, or 8%, and we grew the number of primary consumer checking customers by 5.6% (May 2015 compared with May 2014);
our credit performance continued to improve with total net charge-offs down $67 million, or 9%, and represented only 30 basis points (annualized) of average loans; and
we increased the quarterly dividend rate on our common stock by 7% to $0.375 per share.
 
Balance Sheet and Liquidity
Our balance sheet continued to strengthen in second quarter 2015 as we increased our liquidity position, generated core loan and deposit growth, experienced continued improvement in credit quality and maintained strong capital levels. We have been able to grow our loans on a year-over-year basis for 16 consecutive quarters (for the past 13 quarters year-over-year loan growth has been 3% or greater) despite the planned runoff from our non-strategic/liquidating portfolios. Our non-strategic/liquidating loan portfolios decreased $2.2 billion during the quarter and our core loan portfolio increased $29.4 billion, which included $11.5 billion from the GE Capital loan purchase and associated financing transaction announced in first quarter 2015. Our investment securities increased by $16.0 billion during the quarter, driven primarily by purchases of federal agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS), U.S. Treasuries, and municipal securities, which were partially offset by maturities, amortization and sales.
Deposit growth continued in second quarter 2015 with period-end deposits up $17.5 billion, or 1%, from December 31, 2014. This increase reflected growth across both our commercial and consumer businesses. Our average deposit cost was 8 basis points, down 2 basis points from a year ago. We successfully grew our primary consumer checking customers (i.e., customers who actively use their checking account with transactions such as debit card purchases, online bill payments, and direct deposit) by 5.6% and primary business checking customers by 5.3% from a year ago (May 2015 compared with May 2014). Our ability to consistently grow primary checking customers is important to our results because these customers have more interactions with


3

Overview (continued)

us and are more than twice as profitable as non-primary customers.
 
Credit Quality
Credit quality improved in second quarter 2015 as losses remained at historically low levels, nonperforming assets (NPAs) continued to decline, and we continued to originate high quality loans, reflecting our long-term risk focus. Net charge-offs were $650 million, or 0.30% (annualized) of average loans, in second quarter 2015, compared with $717 million a year ago (0.35%), a 9% year-over-year decrease in credit losses. Our commercial portfolio net charge-offs were $62 million, or 6 basis points of average commercial loans. Net consumer credit losses declined to 53 basis points of average consumer loans in second quarter 2015 from 62 basis points in second quarter 2014. Our commercial real estate portfolios were in a net recovery position for the tenth consecutive quarter, reflecting our conservative risk discipline and improved market conditions. Losses on our consumer real estate portfolios declined $136 million from a year ago, down 46%, which included a $15 million decline in losses in our core 1-4 family first mortgage portfolio. The lower consumer loss levels reflected the benefit of the improving economy and our continued focus on originating high quality loans. Approximately 63% of the consumer first mortgage portfolio was originated after 2008, when more stringent underwriting standards were implemented.
Our provision for credit losses reflected a release from the allowance for credit losses of $350 million in second quarter 2015, which was $150 million less than what we released a year ago. Future allowance levels may increase or decrease based on a variety of factors, including loan growth, portfolio performance and general economic conditions.
In addition to lower net charge-offs and provision expense, NPAs also improved and were down $438 million, or 3%, from March 31, 2015, the eleventh consecutive quarter of decline. Nonaccrual loans declined $67 million from the prior quarter despite an increase in nonaccrual loans in our energy portfolio. The oil and gas portfolio represented only 2% of our total loan portfolio and balances in this portfolio declined by $1.1 billion from first quarter primarily due to pay downs. In addition, foreclosed assets were down $371 million from the prior quarter.

 
Capital
Our financial performance in second quarter 2015 resulted in strong capital generation, which increased total equity to $190.7 billion at June 30, 2015, up $712 million from the prior quarter. We continued to reduce our common share count through the repurchase of 36.3 million common shares in the quarter. We also entered into a $750 million forward repurchase contract in April 2015 with an unrelated third party that settled in July 2015 for 13.6 million shares. In addition, we entered into a $1.0 billion forward repurchase contract with an unrelated third party in July 2015 that is expected to settle in fourth quarter 2015 for approximately 17.5 million shares. We expect to reduce our common shares outstanding through share repurchases throughout the remainder of 2015. Our dividend payout ratio increased to 36% in second quarter 2015 as we increased the quarterly dividend rate on our common stock by 7%.
We believe an important measure of our capital strength is the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio under Basel III, fully phased-in, which increased to 10.55% at June 30, 2015. Likewise, our other regulatory capital ratios remained strong. See the “Capital Management” section in this Report for more information regarding our capital, including the calculation of our regulatory capital amounts.



4

Earnings Performance (continued)

Earnings Performance
Wells Fargo net income for second quarter 2015 was $5.7 billion ($1.03 diluted earnings per common share), compared with $5.7 billion ($1.01) for second quarter 2014. Net income for the first half of 2015 was $11.5 billion ($2.07), compared with $11.6 billion ($2.06) for the same period a year ago. Our second quarter 2015 earnings reflected execution of our business strategy as we continued to satisfy our customers' financial needs. The key drivers of our financial performance in the second quarter and first half of 2015 were balanced net interest income and noninterest income, diversified sources of fee income, a diversified and growing loan portfolio and strong underlying credit performance.
Revenue, the sum of net interest income and noninterest income, was $21.3 billion in second quarter 2015, compared with $21.1 billion in second quarter 2014. Revenue for the first half of 2015 was $42.6 billion, up 2% from the first half of 2014. The increase in revenue for the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods in 2014, was primarily due to an increase in net interest income, reflecting increases in interest income from loans and trading assets. In the second quarter and first half of 2015, net interest income represented 53% and 52% of revenue, respectively, compared with 51% for both the second quarter and first half of 2014.
Noninterest income represented 47% and 48% of revenue for the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 49% for both the second quarter and first half of 2014. The drivers of our noninterest income can differ depending on the interest rate and economic environment. For example, net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities were 12% of our fee income in second quarter 2015, up from 7% in the same period a year ago when the refinance market was not as strong. Other businesses, such as equity investments, brokerage and card, contributed more to fee income this quarter, demonstrating the benefit of our diversified business model.
Noninterest expense was $12.5 billion and $25.0 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $12.2 billion and $24.1 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2014, respectively. The increase for both periods reflected higher personnel expense, including higher commission and incentive compensation, as well as higher operating losses, partially offset by lower travel and entertainment expense.

Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the interest earned on debt securities, loans (including yield-related loan fees) and other interest-earning assets minus the interest paid on deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. The net interest margin is the average yield on earning assets minus the average interest rate paid for deposits and our other sources of funding. Net interest income and the net interest margin are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis in Table 1 to consistently reflect income from taxable and tax-exempt loans and securities based on a 35% federal statutory tax rate.
While the Company believes that it has the ability to increase net interest income over time, net interest income and the net interest margin in any one period can be significantly affected by a variety of factors including the mix and overall size of our earning assets portfolio and the cost of funding those assets. In addition, some sources of interest income, such as resolutions from purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans, loan prepayment fees and collection of interest on nonaccrual loans, can vary from period to period. Net interest income growth has been challenged
 
during the prolonged low interest rate environment as higher yielding loans and securities have runoff and been replaced with lower yielding assets. The pace of this repricing has slowed in recent quarters.
Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis was $11.5 billion and $22.8 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, up from $11.0 billion and $21.8 billion for the same periods a year ago. The net interest margin was 2.97% and 2.96% for the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, down from 3.15% and 3.17% for the same periods a year ago. The increase in net interest income in the second quarter and first half of 2015 from the same periods a year ago, was primarily driven by growth in earning assets, including growth in short-term investments, investment securities, commercial and industrial loans, and trading assets, which offset a decrease in earning asset yields. Lower funding expense, due to an increase in noninterest bearing funding sources and reduced deposit costs, also contributed to higher net interest income. The decline in net interest margin in second quarter 2015, compared with the same period a year ago, was primarily driven by higher funding balances, including customer-driven deposit growth and actions we took in 2014 in response to increased regulatory liquidity expectations which raised long-term debt and term deposits. This growth in funding increased cash and federal funds sold and other short-term investments which are dilutive to net interest margin although essentially neutral to net interest income.
Average earning assets increased $153.7 billion in the second quarter and $161.8 billion in the first half of 2015, compared with the same periods a year ago, as average investment securities increased $58.3 billion in the second quarter and $53.9 billion in the first half of 2015 from the same periods a year ago. In addition, average federal funds sold and other short-term investments increased $37.3 billion in the second quarter and $49.8 billion in the first half of 2015 from the same periods a year ago. Average loans increased $39.4 billion in both the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods a year ago.
Core deposits are an important low-cost source of funding and affect both net interest income and the net interest margin. Core deposits include noninterest-bearing deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings certificates, market rate and other savings, and certain foreign deposits (Eurodollar sweep balances). Average core deposits rose to $1.1 trillion in second quarter 2015 ($1.1 trillion in the first half of 2015), compared with $991.7 billion in second quarter 2014 ($982.8 billion in the first half of 2014), and funded 124% of average loans in both the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with 119% for the same periods a year ago. Average core deposits decreased to 69% of average earning assets in both the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with 71% for the same periods a year ago. The cost of these deposits has continued to decline due to a sustained low interest rate environment and a shift in our deposit mix from higher cost certificates of deposit to lower yielding checking and savings products. About 97% of our average core deposits are in checking and savings deposits, one of the highest industry percentages.




5


Table 1:  Average Balances, Yields and Rates Paid (Taxable-Equivalent Basis) (1)(2)
  
Quarter ended June 30,
 
  
  
 
  
 
2015

 
  
 
  
 
2014

(in millions)
Average
balance

 
Yields/
rates

 
Interest
income/
expense

 
Average
balance

 
Yields/
rates

 
Interest
income/
expense

Earning assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
$
267,101

 
0.28
%
 
$
186

 
229,770

 
0.28
%
 
$
161

Trading assets
67,615

 
2.91

 
492

 
54,347

 
3.05

 
414

Investment securities (3): 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
31,748

 
1.58

 
125

 
6,580

 
1.78

 
29

Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
47,075

 
4.13

 
486

 
42,721

 
4.26

 
456

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies
97,958

 
2.65

 
650

 
116,475

 
2.85

 
831

Residential and commercial
22,677

 
5.84

 
331

 
27,252

 
6.11

 
416

Total mortgage-backed securities
120,635

 
3.25

 
981

 
143,727

 
3.47

 
1,247

Other debt and equity securities
48,816

 
3.51

 
427

 
48,734

 
3.76

 
457

Total available-for-sale securities
248,274

 
3.25

 
2,019

 
241,762

 
3.62

 
2,189

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
44,492

 
2.19

 
243

 
10,829

 
2.20

 
59

Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
2,090

 
5.17

 
27

 
8

 
6.00

 

Federal agency mortgage-backed securities
21,044

 
2.00

 
105

 
6,089

 
2.74

 
42

Other debt securities
6,270

 
1.70

 
26

 
5,206

 
1.90

 
25

Total held-to-maturity securities
73,896

 
2.18

 
401

 
22,132

 
2.28

 
126

Total investment securities
322,170

 
3.01

 
2,420

 
263,894

 
3.51

 
2,315

Mortgages held for sale (4)
23,456

 
3.57

 
209

 
18,824

 
4.16

 
195

Loans held for sale (4)
666

 
3.51

 
5

 
157

 
2.55

 
1

Loans:
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Commercial:
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Commercial and industrial - U.S.
231,551

 
3.36

 
1,939

 
199,246

 
3.39

 
1,687

Commercial and industrial - Non U.S.
45,123

 
1.93

 
217

 
43,045

 
2.06

 
221

Real estate mortgage
113,089

 
3.48

 
982

 
112,795

 
3.61

 
1,016

Real estate construction
20,771

 
4.12

 
214

 
17,458

 
4.18

 
182

Lease financing
12,364

 
5.16

 
160

 
12,151

 
5.68

 
172

Total commercial
422,898

 
3.33

 
3,512

 
384,695

 
3.42

 
3,278

Consumer:
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
266,023

 
4.12

 
2,740

 
259,985

 
4.20

 
2,729

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
57,066

 
4.23

 
603

 
63,305

 
4.31

 
680

Credit card
30,373

 
11.69

 
885

 
26,442

 
11.97

 
790

Automobile
56,974

 
5.88

 
836

 
53,480

 
6.34

 
845

Other revolving credit and installment
37,112

 
5.88

 
544

 
43,136

 
5.07

 
545

Total consumer
447,548

 
5.02

 
5,608

 
446,348

 
5.02

 
5,589

Total loans (4)
870,446

 
4.20

 
9,120

 
831,043

 
4.28

 
8,867

Other
4,859

 
5.14

 
64

 
4,535

 
5.74

 
65

Total earning assets
$
1,556,313

 
3.22
%
 
$
12,496

 
1,402,570

 
3.43
%
 
$
12,018

Funding sources
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits:
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Interest-bearing checking
$
38,551

 
0.05
%
 
$
5

 
40,193

 
0.07
%
 
$
7

Market rate and other savings
619,837

 
0.06

 
87

 
583,907

 
0.07

 
101

Savings certificates
32,454

 
0.63

 
52

 
38,754

 
0.86

 
82

Other time deposits
52,238

 
0.42

 
55

 
48,512

 
0.41

 
50

Deposits in foreign offices
104,334

 
0.13

 
33

 
94,232

 
0.15

 
35

Total interest-bearing deposits
847,414

 
0.11

 
232

 
805,598

 
0.14

 
275

Short-term borrowings
84,499

 
0.09

 
21

 
58,845

 
0.10

 
14

Long-term debt
185,093

 
1.34

 
620

 
159,233

 
1.56

 
620

Other liabilities
16,405

 
2.03

 
83

 
13,589

 
2.73

 
93

Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,133,411

 
0.34

 
956

 
1,037,265

 
0.39

 
1,002

Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
422,902

 


 

 
365,305

 

 

Total funding sources
$
1,556,313

 
0.25

 
956

 
1,402,570

 
0.28

 
1,002

Net interest margin and net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (5)
 
 
2.97
%
 
$
11,540

 
 
 
3.15
%
 
$
11,016

Noninterest-earning assets
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Cash and due from banks
$
17,462

 
  
 
  
 
15,956

 
  
 
  
Goodwill
25,705

 
  
 
  
 
25,699

 
  
 
  
Other
129,798

 
 
 
 
 
119,778

 
 
 
 
Total noninterest-earning assets
$
172,965

 
 
 
 
 
161,433

 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing funding sources
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
337,890

 
 
 
 
 
295,875

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
67,595

 
 
 
 
 
51,184

 
 
 
 
Total equity
190,382

 
 
 
 
 
179,679

 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing funding sources used to fund earning assets
(422,902
)
 
 
 
 
 
(365,305
)
 
 
 
 
Net noninterest-bearing funding sources
$
172,965

 
 
 
 
 
161,433

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
1,729,278

 
 
 
 
 
1,564,003

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Our average prime rate was 3.25% for the quarters ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, and 3.25% for the first six months of both 2015 and 2014. The average three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) was 0.28% and 0.23% for the quarters ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and 0.27% and 0.23% for the first six months of 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(2)
Yields/rates and amounts include the effects of hedge and risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.
(3)
Yields and rates are based on interest income/expense amounts for the period, annualized based on the accrual basis for the respective accounts. The average balance amounts represent amortized cost for the periods presented.
(4)
Nonaccrual loans and related income are included in their respective loan categories.
(5)
Includes taxable-equivalent adjustments of $270 million and $225 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $512 million and $442 million for the first six months of 2015 and 2014, respectively, primarily related to tax-exempt income on certain loans and securities. The federal statutory tax rate utilized was 35% for the periods presented.

6



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Six months ended June 30,
 
  
  
 
  
 
2015

 
  
 
  
 
2014

(in millions)
Average
balance

 
Yields/
rates

 
Interest
income/
expense

 
Average
balance

 
Yields/
rates

 
Interest
income/
expense

Earning assets
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
$
271,392

 
0.28
%
 
$
376

 
221,573

 
0.28
%
 
$
305

Trading assets
65,309

 
2.89

 
945

 
51,306

 
3.10

 
795

Investment securities (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
28,971

 
1.56

 
225

 
6,576

 
1.73

 
57

Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
46,017

 
4.16

 
958

 
42,661

 
4.32

 
921

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal agencies
100,064

 
2.71

 
1,356

 
117,055

 
2.90

 
1,695

Residential and commercial
23,304

 
5.77

 
673

 
27,641

 
6.12

 
845

Total mortgage-backed securities
123,368

 
3.29

 
2,029

 
144,696

 
3.51

 
2,540

Other debt and equity securities
47,938

 
3.47

 
827

 
48,944

 
3.68

 
895

Total available-for-sale securities
246,294

 
3.28

 
4,039

 
242,877

 
3.64

 
4,413

Held-to-maturity securities:
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies
43,685

 
2.20

 
477

 
5,993

 
2.20

 
65

Securities of U.S. states and political subdivisions
2,019

 
5.16

 
52

 
4

 
5.97

 

Federal agency mortgage-backed securities
16,208

 
1.95

 
158

 
6,125

 
2.93

 
90

Other debt securities
6,530

 
1.71

 
55

 
5,807

 
1.88

 
54

Total held-to-maturity securities
68,442

 
2.18

 
742

 
17,929

 
2.34

 
209

Total investment securities
314,736

 
3.04

 
4,781

 
260,806

 
3.55

 
4,622

Mortgages held for sale (4)
21,530

 
3.59

 
386

 
17,696

 
4.13

 
365

Loans held for sale (4)
683

 
3.08

 
10

 
134

 
4.08

 
3

Loans:
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Commercial:
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Commercial and industrial - U.S.
229,627

 
3.32

 
3,783

 
196,570

 
3.41

 
3,328

Commercial and industrial - Non U.S.
45,093

 
1.90

 
426

 
42,616

 
1.99

 
421

Real estate mortgage
112,298

 
3.52

 
1,963

 
112,810

 
3.58

 
2,006

Real estate construction
20,135

 
3.83

 
383

 
17,265

 
4.28

 
366

Lease financing
12,341

 
5.06

 
312

 
12,206

 
5.90

 
360

Total commercial
419,494

 
3.30

 
6,867

 
381,467

 
3.42

 
6,481

Consumer:
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
265,923

 
4.12

 
5,481

 
259,737

 
4.19

 
5,434

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
57,968

 
4.25

 
1,224

 
64,155

 
4.31

 
1,372

Credit card
30,376

 
11.74

 
1,768

 
26,363

 
12.14

 
1,588

Automobile
56,492

 
5.91

 
1,657

 
52,642

 
6.42

 
1,676

Other revolving credit and installment
36,620

 
5.94

 
1,079

 
43,072

 
5.03

 
1,076

Total consumer
447,379

 
5.03

 
11,209

 
445,969

 
5.02

 
11,146

Total loans (4)
866,873

 
4.19

 
18,076

 
827,436

 
4.28

 
17,627

Other
4,795

 
5.27

 
127

 
4,595

 
5.73

 
131

Total earning assets
$
1,545,318

 
3.21
%
 
$
24,701

 
1,383,546

 
3.46
%
 
$
23,848

Funding sources
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Deposits:
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
Interest-bearing checking
$
38,851

 
0.05
%
 
$
10

 
38,506

 
0.07
%
 
$
13

Market rate and other savings
616,643

 
0.06

 
184

 
581,489

 
0.07

 
206

Savings certificates
33,525

 
0.69

 
116

 
39,639

 
0.87

 
171

Other time deposits
54,381

 
0.41

 
111

 
47,174

 
0.42

 
98

Deposits in foreign offices
104,932

 
0.13

 
69

 
92,650

 
0.14

 
66

Total interest-bearing deposits
848,332

 
0.12

 
490

 
799,458

 
0.14

 
554

Short-term borrowings
78,141

 
0.10

 
39

 
56,686

 
0.10

 
27

Long-term debt
184,432

 
1.33

 
1,224

 
156,528

 
1.59

 
1,239

Other liabilities
16,648

 
2.17

 
180

 
13,226

 
2.72

 
180

Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,127,553

 
0.34

 
1,933

 
1,025,898

 
0.39

 
2,000

Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
417,765

 
 
 

 
357,648

 

 

Total funding sources
$
1,545,318

 
0.25

 
1,933

 
1,383,546

 
0.29

 
2,000

Net interest margin and net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis (5)
  
 
2.96
%
 
$
22,768

 
  
 
3.17
%
 
$
21,848

Noninterest-earning assets
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Cash and due from banks
$
17,262

 
  
 
  
 
16,159

 
  
 
  
Goodwill
25,705

 
  
 
  
 
25,668

 
  
 
  
Other
130,312

 
  
 
  
 
119,687

 
  
 
  
Total noninterest-earning assets
$
173,279

 
  
 
  
 
161,514

 
  
 
  
Noninterest-bearing funding sources
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Deposits
$
331,745

 
  
 
  
 
290,004

 
  
 
  
Other liabilities
69,779

 
  
 
  
 
52,065

 
  
 
  
Total equity
189,520

 
  
 
  
 
177,093

 
  
 
  
Noninterest-bearing funding sources used to fund earning assets
(417,765
)
 
  
 
  
 
(357,648
)
 
  
 
  
Net noninterest-bearing funding sources
$
173,279

 
  
 
  
 
161,514

 
  
 
  
Total assets
$
1,718,597

 
  
 
  
 
1,545,060

 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




7


Noninterest Income
 
 
Table 2:  Noninterest Income
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Six months
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
%

 
ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions)
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
2015

 
2014

 
% Change

Service charges on deposit accounts
$
1,289

 
1,283

 
 %
 
$
2,504

 
2,498

 
 %
Trust and investment fees:
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage advisory, commissions and other fees
2,399

 
2,280

 
5

 
4,779

 
4,521

 
6

Trust and investment management
861

 
838

 
3

 
1,713

 
1,682

 
2

Investment banking
450

 
491

 
(8
)
 
895

 
818

 
9

Total trust and investment fees
3,710

 
3,609

 
3

 
7,387

 
7,021

 
5

Card fees
930

 
847

 
10

 
1,801

 
1,631

 
10

Other fees:
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 

Charges and fees on loans
304

 
342

 
(11
)
 
613

 
709

 
(14
)
Merchant processing fees
202

 
183

 
10

 
389

 
355

 
10

Cash network fees
132

 
128

 
3

 
257

 
248

 
4

Commercial real estate brokerage commissions
141

 
99

 
42

 
270

 
171

 
58

Letters of credit fees
90

 
92

 
(2
)
 
178

 
188

 
(5
)
All other fees
238

 
244

 
(2
)
 
478

 
464

 
3

Total other fees
1,107

 
1,088

 
2

 
2,185


2,135

 
2

Mortgage banking:
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 

Servicing income, net
514

 
1,035

 
(50
)
 
1,037

 
1,973

 
(47
)
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities
1,191

 
688

 
73

 
2,215

 
1,260

 
76

Total mortgage banking
1,705

 
1,723

 
(1
)
 
3,252


3,233

 
1

Insurance
461

 
453

 
2

 
891

 
885

 
1

Net gains from trading activities
133

 
382

 
(65
)
 
541

 
814

 
(34
)
Net gains on debt securities
181

 
71

 
155

 
459

 
154

 
198

Net gains from equity investments
517

 
449

 
15

 
887

 
1,296

 
(32
)
Lease income
155

 
129

 
20

 
287

 
262

 
10

Life insurance investment income
145

 
138

 
5

 
290

 
270

 
7

All other
(285
)
 
103

 
NM

 
(144
)
 
86

 
NM

Total
$
10,048

 
10,275

 
(2
)
 
$
20,340


20,285

 

NM - Not meaningful

Noninterest income was $10.0 billion and $10.3 billion for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $20.3 billion for both the first half of 2015 and 2014. This income represented 47% and 48% of revenue for the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 49% for both the second quarter and first half of 2014. Many of our businesses, including credit and debit cards, merchant card processing, commercial banking, asset-backed finance, real estate capital markets, international, wealth management and retirement grew noninterest income in the second quarter and first half of 2015. This growth was offset by lower other income driven by the accounting impact related to debt hedges.
Service charges on deposit accounts were $1.3 billion and $2.5 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, unchanged from the second quarter and first half of 2014, respectively. Lower overdraft fees driven by changes implemented in early October 2014, designed to provide customers with more real time information, were offset by higher fees from commercial product sales and commercial product re-pricing.
Brokerage advisory, commissions and other fees are received for providing services to full-service and discount brokerage customers. Income from these brokerage-related activities include asset-based fees, which are based on the market value of the customer’s assets, and transactional commissions based on the number and size of transactions executed at the customer’s
 
direction. These fees increased to $2.4 billion and $4.8 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, from $2.3 billion and $4.5 billion for the same periods in 2014. The increase in retail brokerage income was predominantly due to higher asset-based fees as a result of higher market values and growth in assets under management. Retail brokerage client assets totaled $1.43 trillion at June 30, 2015, up 1% from $1.42 trillion at June 30, 2014.
We earn trust and investment management fees from managing and administering assets, including mutual funds, corporate trust, personal trust, employee benefit trust and agency assets. Trust and investment management fees are largely based on a tiered scale relative to the market value of the assets under management or administration. These fees increased to $861 million and $1.71 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, from $838 million and $1.68 billion for the same periods in 2014, with growth primarily due to higher market values. At June 30, 2015, these assets totaled $2.4 trillion, compared with $2.5 trillion at June 30, 2014.
We earn investment banking fees from underwriting debt and equity securities, arranging loan syndications, and performing other related advisory services. Investment banking fees decreased to $450 million in second quarter 2015 from $491 million for the same period in 2014, driven by declines in advisory services and equity origination. In the first half of 2015, investment banking fees increased to $895 million from


8

Earnings Performance (continued)

$818 million for the same period in 2014, driven by higher investment grade debt origination reflecting an active domestic market.
Card fees were $930 million and $1.8 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $847 million and $1.6 billion for the same periods a year ago. The increase was primarily due to account growth and increased purchase activity.
Other fees of $1.11 billion and $2.19 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, increased from $1.09 billion and $2.14 billion for the same periods a year ago as increases in commercial real estate brokerage commissions and merchant processing fees more than offset a decline in charges and fees on loans. Charges and fees on loans decreased to $304 million and $613 million in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $342 million and $709 million for the same periods a year ago, primarily due to the phase out of the direct deposit advance product during the first half of 2014. Commercial real estate brokerage commissions increased by $42 million and $99 million in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with the same periods a year ago, driven by increased sales and other property-related activities, including financing and advisory services.
Mortgage banking noninterest income, consisting of net servicing income and net gains on loan origination/sales activities, totaled $1.7 billion in both second quarter 2015 and 2014, and totaled $3.3 billion for the first half of 2015, compared with $3.2 billion for the same period a year ago.
In addition to servicing fees, net mortgage loan servicing income includes amortization of commercial mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), changes in the fair value of residential MSRs during the period, as well as changes in the value of derivatives (economic hedges) used to hedge the residential MSRs. Net servicing income for second quarter 2015 included a $107 million net MSR valuation gain ($1.1 billion increase in the fair value of the MSRs and a $946 million hedge loss) and for second quarter 2014 included a $475 million net MSR valuation gain ($835 million decrease in the fair value of the MSRs offset by an $1.3 billion hedge gain). For the first half of 2015, net servicing income included a $215 million net MSR valuation gain ($280 million increase in the fair value of the MSRs and a $65 million hedge loss) and for the same period of 2014 included a $882 million net MSR valuation gain ($1.3 billion decrease in the fair value of the MSRs offset by an $2.2 billion hedge gain). The decrease in net MSR valuation gains in the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods in 2014, was primarily attributable to lower hedge gains, MSR valuation adjustments in first quarter 2015 that reflected higher prepayment expectations due to the reduction in FHA mortgage insurance premiums as well as overall lower actual prepayments in the first half of 2014.
Our portfolio of residential and commercial loans serviced for others was $1.81 trillion at June 30, 2015, and $1.86 trillion at December 31, 2014. At June 30, 2015, the ratio of combined residential and commercial MSRs to related loans serviced for others was 0.77%, compared with 0.75% at December 31, 2014. See the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section of this Report for additional information regarding our MSRs risks and hedging approach.
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sale activities were $1.2 billion and $2.2 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, up from $688 million and $1.3 billion for the same periods a year ago. The increase in the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods a year ago, was primarily driven by increased origination volumes and
 
margins. Mortgage loan originations were $62 billion for second quarter 2015, of which 54% were for home purchases, compared with $47 billion and 74%, respectively, for the same period a year ago. The year-over-year increase was primarily driven by higher refinance activity reflecting lower mortgage interest rates. Mortgage applications were $81 billion and $174 billion in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $72 billion and $132 billion for the same periods a year ago. The real estate 1-4 family first mortgage unclosed pipeline was $38 billion at June 30, 2015, compared with $30 billion at June 30, 2014. For additional information about our mortgage banking activities and results, see the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section and Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) and Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities include adjustments to the mortgage repurchase liability. Mortgage loans are repurchased from third parties based on standard representations and warranties, and early payment default clauses in mortgage sale contracts. For the first half of 2015, we released a net $34 million from the repurchase liability, including $18 million in second quarter 2015, compared with a net $20 million release for the first half of 2014, including $26 million in second quarter 2014. For additional information about mortgage loan repurchases, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Liability for Mortgage Loan Repurchase Losses” section and Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
We engage in trading activities primarily to accommodate the investment activities of our customers, execute economic hedging to manage certain components of our balance sheet risks and for a very limited amount of proprietary trading for our own account. Net gains from trading activities, which reflect unrealized changes in fair value of our trading positions and realized gains and losses, were $133 million and $541 million in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $382 million and $814 million for the same periods a year ago. Both second quarter and first half year-over-year decreases were primarily driven by lower economic hedge income and lower deferred compensation gains (offset in employee benefits expense).
Net gains from trading activities do not include interest and dividend income and expense on trading securities. Those amounts are reported within interest income from trading assets and other interest expense from trading liabilities. Interest and fees related to proprietary trading are reported in their corresponding income statement line items. Proprietary trading activities are not significant to our client-focused business model. For additional information about proprietary and other trading, see the “Risk Management – Asset and Liability Management – Market Risk – Trading Activities” section in this Report. 
Net gains on debt and equity securities totaled $698 million for second quarter 2015 and $520 million for second quarter 2014 ($1.3 billion and $1.5 billion for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively), net of other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) write-downs of $96 million and $82 million for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $169 million and $217 million for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in net gains on debt and equity securities in second quarter 2015 compared with the same period a year ago reflects positive operating performance in the portfolio. The decrease in net gains on debt and equity securities in the first half of 2015 compared with the same period a year ago was primarily due to lower net gains from equity investments as our portfolio benefited from strong public and private equity markets in 2014.


9


All other income was $(285) million and $(144) million in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $103 million and $86 million for the same periods a year ago. All other income includes ineffectiveness recognized on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting, the results of certain economic hedges, losses on low income housing tax credit investments, foreign currency adjustments, and income from investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, any of which can cause decreases and net losses in other income. The decrease in other income for the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods a year ago, primarily reflected changes in ineffectiveness recognized on interest rate swaps used to hedge our exposure to interest rate risk on long-term debt and cross-currency swaps,
 
cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward contracts used to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk involving non-U.S. dollar denominated long-term debt. A portion of the ineffectiveness recognized was partially offset by benefits from certain economic hedges. The ineffective portion recognized on our fair value hedges was $(287) million and $(114) million in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with $104 million and $224 million for the same periods a year ago. For additional information about derivatives used as part of our asset/liability management, see Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report.


Noninterest Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 3:  Noninterest Expense
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Six months
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
%

 
ended June 30,
 
 
%

(in millions)
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

Salaries
$
3,936

 
3,795

 
4
 %
 
$
7,787

 
7,523

 
4
 %
Commission and incentive compensation
2,606

 
2,445

 
7

 
5,291

 
4,861

 
9

Employee benefits
1,106

 
1,170

 
(5
)
 
2,583

 
2,542

 
2

Equipment
470

 
445

 
6

 
964

 
935

 
3

Net occupancy
710

 
722

 
(2
)
 
1,433

 
1,464

 
(2
)
Core deposit and other intangibles
312

 
349

 
(11
)
 
624

 
690

 
(10
)
FDIC and other deposit assessments
222

 
225

 
(1
)
 
470

 
468

 

Outside professional services
627

 
646

 
(3
)
 
1,175

 
1,205

 
(2
)
Operating losses
521

 
364

 
43

 
816

 
523

 
56

Outside data processing
269

 
259

 
4

 
522

 
500

 
4

Contract services
238

 
249

 
(4
)
 
463

 
483

 
(4
)
Travel and entertainment
172

 
243

 
(29
)
 
330

 
462

 
(29
)
Postage, stationery and supplies
180

 
170

 
6

 
351

 
361

 
(3
)
Advertising and promotion
169

 
187

 
(10
)
 
287

 
305

 
(6
)
Foreclosed assets
117

 
130

 
(10
)
 
252

 
262

 
(4
)
Telecommunications
113

 
111

 
2

 
224

 
225

 

Insurance
156

 
140

 
11

 
296

 
265

 
12

Operating leases
64

 
54

 
19

 
126

 
104

 
21

All other
481

 
490

 
(2
)
 
982

 
964

 
2

Total
$
12,469

 
12,194

 
2

 
$
24,976

 
24,142

 
3


Noninterest expense was $12.5 billion in second quarter 2015, up 2% from $12.2 billion a year ago, predominantly due to higher personnel expenses ($7.6 billion, up from $7.4 billion a year ago) and higher operating losses ($521 million, up from $364 million a year ago), partially offset by lower travel and entertainment expense ($172 million, down from $243 million a year ago). For the first half of 2015, noninterest expense was up 3% from the same period a year ago predominantly due to higher personnel expenses ($15.7 billion, up from $14.9 billion a year ago) and higher operating losses ($816 million, up from $523 million a year ago), partially offset by lower travel and entertainment expense ($330 million, down from $462 million a year ago).
Personnel expenses, which include salaries, commissions, incentive compensation and employee benefits, were up $238 million, or 3%, in second quarter 2015 compared with the same quarter last year, and up $735 million, or 5%, for the first half of 2015 compared with the same period in 2014. The increase in both periods was predominantly due to higher revenue-related compensation, annual salary increases and staffing growth across various businesses. These increases were partially offset by lower deferred compensation (offset in trading revenue).
 
Operating losses were up 43% and 56% in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with the same periods a year ago. The increase for both periods was predominantly due to litigation accruals for various legal matters.
Travel and entertainment expense was down 29% in both the second quarter and first half of 2015, compared with the same periods a year ago, primarily driven by travel expense reduction initiatives.
In general, our noninterest expense continued to reflect ongoing investments in our risk management infrastructure to meet increased regulatory and compliance requirements as well as to address evolving cybersecurity risk.
The efficiency ratio was 58.5% in second quarter 2015, compared with 57.9% in the prior year. The Company expects to operate within its targeted efficiency ratio range of 55 to 59% for full year 2015.



10

Earnings Performance (continued)

Income Tax Expense
Our effective tax rate was 32.6% and 33.4% for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 30.4% in the first half of 2015, down from 30.7% in the first half of 2014. The effective tax rates for the first half of 2015 and 2014 reflected $359 million and $423 million, respectively, of discrete tax benefits recognized in the first quarter of each period primarily from reductions in reserves for uncertain tax positions due to audit resolutions of prior period matters with U.S. federal and state taxing authorities.


 
Operating Segment Results
We are organized for management reporting purposes into three operating segments: Community Banking; Wholesale Banking; and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement. These segments are defined by product type and customer segment and their results are based on our management accounting process, for which there is no comprehensive, authoritative financial accounting guidance equivalent to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Table 4 and the following discussion present our results by operating segment. For additional description of our operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 18 (Operating Segments) to Financial Statements in this Report.

Table 4:  Operating Segment Results – Highlights
(income/expense in millions,
 
Community Banking
 
 
Wholesale Banking
 
 
Wealth, Brokerage
and Retirement
 
 
Other (1)
 
 
Consolidated
Company
 
average balances in billions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
12,661

 
12,606

 
6,083

 
5,946

 
3,739

 
3,550

 
(1,165
)
 
(1,036
)
 
21,318

 
21,066

Provision (reversal of provision) for credit losses
 
363

 
279

 
(58
)
 
(49
)
 
(10
)
 
(25
)
 
5

 
12

 
300

 
217

Noninterest expense
 
7,164

 
7,020

 
3,295

 
3,203

 
2,775

 
2,695

 
(765
)
 
(724
)
 
12,469

 
12,194

Net income
 
3,358

 
3,431

 
2,011

 
1,952

 
602

 
544

 
(252
)
 
(201
)
 
5,719

 
5,726

Average loans
 
$
506.5

 
505.4

 
343.6

 
308.1

 
59.3

 
51.0

 
(39.0
)
 
(33.5
)
 
870.4

 
831.0

Average core deposits
 
685.7

 
639.8

 
304.2

 
265.8

 
159.4

 
153.0

 
(70.1
)
 
(66.9
)
 
1,079.2

 
991.7

Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
$
25,445

 
25,199

 
11,995

 
11,526

 
7,472

 
7,018

 
(2,316
)
 
(2,052
)
 
42,596

 
41,691

Provision (reversal of provision) for credit losses
 
980

 
698

 
(64
)
 
(142
)
 
(13
)
 
(33
)
 
5

 
19

 
908

 
542

Noninterest expense
 
14,228

 
13,794

 
6,704

 
6,418

 
5,606

 
5,406

 
(1,562
)
 
(1,476
)
 
24,976

 
24,142

Net income (loss)
 
7,023

 
7,275

 
3,808

 
3,694

 
1,163

 
1,019

 
(471
)
 
(369
)
 
11,523

 
11,619

Average loans
 
$
506.5

 
505.2

 
340.6

 
305.0

 
58.1

 
50.5

 
(38.3
)
 
(33.3
)
 
866.9

 
827.4

Average core deposits
 
677.3

 
633.2

 
303.8

 
262.4

 
160.4

 
154.5

 
(70.3
)
 
(67.3
)
 
1,071.2

 
982.8

(1)
Includes corporate items not specific to a business segment and the elimination of certain items that are included in more than one business segment, substantially all of which represents products and services for wealth management customers provided in Community Banking stores.

Cross-sell Our cross-sell strategy is to increase the number of products our customers use by offering them all of the financial products that satisfy their financial needs. Our approach is needs-based as some customers will benefit from more products, and some may need fewer. We believe there is continued opportunity to earn more business from our customers as we build lifelong relationships with them. We track our cross-sell activities based on whether the customer is a retail banking household or has a wholesale banking relationship. For additional information regarding our cross-sell metrics, see the "Earnings Performance – Operating Segments – Cross-sell" section in our 2014 Form 10-K.

Operating Segment Results
The following discussion provides a description of each of our operating segments, including cross-sell metrics and financial results.
 
Community Banking offers a complete line of diversified financial products and services for consumers and small businesses including checking and savings accounts, credit and debit cards, and auto, student, and small business lending. These products also include investment, insurance and trust services in 39 states and D.C., and mortgage and home equity loans in all 50 states and D.C. The Community Banking segment also includes the results of our Corporate Treasury activities net of allocations in support of the other operating segments and results of investments in our affiliated venture capital partnerships. Our retail banking household cross-sell was 6.13 products per household in May 2015, compared with 6.17 in May 2014. The May 2015 retail banking household cross-sell ratio reflects the impact of the sale of government guaranteed student loans in fourth quarter 2014. Table 4a provides additional financial information for Community Banking.


11


Table 4a - Community Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions, except average balances which are in billions)
2015

 
2014

 
% Change
 
2015

 
2014

 
% Change

Net interest income
$
7,698

 
7,386

 
4
 %
 
$
15,259

 
14,661

 
4
 %
Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
832

 
866

 
(4
)
 
1,604

 
1,683

 
(5
)
Trust and investment fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Brokerage advisory, commissions and other fees
523

 
447

 
17

 
1,029

 
880

 
17

Trust and investment management
209

 
195

 
7

 
423

 
394

 
7

Investment banking (1)
(24
)
 
(39
)
 
(38
)
 
(60
)
 
(46
)
 
30

Total trust and investment fees
708

 
603

 
17

 
1,392

 
1,228

 
13

Card fees
859

 
783

 
10

 
1,661

 
1,504

 
10

Other fees
571

 
588

 
(3
)
 
1,122

 
1,181

 
(5
)
Mortgage banking
1,575

 
1,660

 
(5
)
 
3,010

 
3,084

 
(2
)
Insurance
32

 
32

 

 
63

 
64

 
(2
)
Net gains (losses) from trading activities
(89
)
 
84

 
(206
)
 
(6
)
 
120

 
(105
)
Net gains on debt securities
68

 
11

 
518

 
274

 
21

 
NM

Net gains from equity investments (2)
323

 
319

 
1

 
613

 
1,074

 
(43
)
Other income of the segment
84

 
274

 
(69
)
 
453

 
579

 
(22
)
Total noninterest income
4,963

 
5,220

 
(5
)
 
10,186

 
10,538

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total revenue
12,661

 
12,606

 

 
25,445

 
25,199

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Provision for credit losses
363

 
279

 
30

 
980

 
698

 
40

Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Personnel expense
4,404

 
4,271

 
3

 
8,952

 
8,530

 
5

Equipment
422

 
402

 
5

 
858

 
822

 
4

Net occupancy
520

 
535

 
(3
)
 
1,054

 
1,090

 
(3
)
Core deposit and other intangibles
145

 
156

 
(7
)
 
291

 
314

 
(7
)
FDIC and other deposit assessments
140

 
151

 
(7
)
 
287

 
303

 
(5
)
Outside professional services
267

 
258

 
3

 
474

 
482

 
(2
)
Operating losses
406

 
322

 
26

 
636

 
441

 
44

Other expense of the segment
860

 
925

 
(7
)
 
1,676

 
1,812

 
(8
)
Total noninterest expense
7,164

 
7,020

 
2

 
14,228

 
13,794

 
3

Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interests
5,134

 
5,307

 
(3
)
 
10,237

 
10,707

 
(4
)
Income tax expense
1,707

 
1,820

 
(6
)
 
3,071

 
3,196

 
(4
)
Net income from noncontrolling interests (3)
69

 
56

 
23

 
143

 
236

 
(39
)
Net income
$
3,358

 
3,431

 
(2
)
 
$
7,023

 
7,275

 
(3
)
Average loans
$
506.5

 
505.4

 

 
$
506.5

 
505.2

 

Average core deposits
685.7

 
639.8

 
7

 
677.3

 
633.2

 
7

NM - Not meaningful
(1)
Represents syndication and underwriting fees paid to Wells Fargo Securities which are offset in our Wholesale Banking segment.
(2)
Predominantly represents gains resulting from venture capital investments.
(3)
Reflects results attributable to noncontrolling interests primarily associated with the Company’s consolidated merchant services joint venture and venture capital investments.
Community Banking reported net income of $3.4 billion, down $73 million, or 2%, from second quarter 2014, and $7 billion for the first half of 2015, down $252 million, or 3%, compared with the same period a year ago. Revenue of $12.7 billion increased $55 million, or 0.4%, from second quarter 2014, and was $25.4 billion for the first half of 2015, an increase of $246 million, or 1%, compared with the same period last year. The increase in revenue for both periods was due to higher net interest income, trust and investment fees, gains on sale of debt securities, and debit and credit card fees, partially offset by lower gains on equity investments and trading activities, and lower mortgage banking income. Average core deposits increased $45.9 billion, or 7%, from second quarter 2014 and $44.1 billion, or 7 %, from the first half of 2014. Primary consumer checking customers as of May 2015 (customers who actively use their
 
checking account with transactions such as debit card purchases, online bill payments, and direct deposit) were up 5.6% from May 2014. Noninterest expense increased 2% from second quarter 2014 and 3% from the first half of 2014 driven by higher personnel expenses and operating losses, partially offset by lower travel, occupancy, and other expenses. Net loan charge-offs decreased $97 million from second quarter 2014 and $269 million from the first half of 2014 primarily due to improvement in the consumer real estate portfolios. The provision for credit losses increased $84 million from second quarter 2014 and $282 million from the first half of 2014 as the improvement in net charge-offs was more than offset by a lower allowance release.



12

Earnings Performance (continued)

Wholesale Banking provides financial solutions to businesses across the United States and globally with annual sales generally in excess of $20 million. Products and business segments include Middle Market Commercial Banking, Government and Institutional Banking, Corporate Banking, Commercial Real Estate, Treasury Management, Wells Fargo Capital Finance, Insurance, International, Real Estate Capital Markets, Commercial Mortgage Servicing, Corporate Trust, Equipment
 
Finance, Wells Fargo Securities, Principal Investments, Asset Backed Finance, and Asset Management. Wholesale Banking cross-sell was 7.3 products per relationship in second quarter 2015, up from 7.2 in second quarter 2014. Table 4b provides additional financial information for Wholesale Banking.


Table 4b - Wholesale Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions, except average balances which are in billions)
2015

 
2014

 
% Change
 
2015

 
2014

 
% Change

Net interest income
$
3,068

 
2,953

 
4
 %
 
$
5,989

 
5,844

 
2
 %
Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
456

 
416

 
10

 
899

 
814

 
10

Trust and investment fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Brokerage advisory, commissions and other fees
84

 
81

 
4

 
169

 
157

 
8

Trust and investment management
459

 
450

 
2

 
912

 
910

 

Investment banking
476

 
533

 
(11
)
 
960

 
870

 
10

Total trust and investment fees
1,019

 
1,064

 
(4
)
 
2,041

 
1,937

 
5

Card fees
70

 
64

 
9

 
139

 
126

 
10

Other fees
535

 
499

 
7

 
1,061

 
952

 
11

Mortgage banking
130

 
63

 
106

 
243

 
149

 
63

Insurance
368

 
379

 
(3
)
 
712

 
740

 
(4
)
Net gains from trading activities
224

 
234

 
(4
)
 
507

 
594

 
(15
)
Net gains on debt securities
112

 
59

 
90

 
173

 
128

 
35

Net gains from equity investments
187

 
127

 
47

 
264

 
215

 
23

Other income of the segment
(86
)
 
88

 
(198
)
 
(33
)
 
27

 
(222
)
Total noninterest income
3,015

 
2,993

 
1

 
6,006

 
5,682

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total revenue
6,083

 
5,946

 
2

 
11,995

 
11,526

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Reversal of provision for credit losses
(58
)
 
(49
)
 
18

 
(64
)
 
(142
)
 
(55
)
Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Personnel expense
1,828

 
1,702

 
7

 
3,779

 
3,492

 
8

Equipment
38

 
32

 
19

 
85

 
92

 
(8
)
Net occupancy
114

 
111

 
3

 
227

 
222

 
2

Core deposit and other intangibles
85

 
105

 
(19
)
 
170

 
201

 
(15
)
FDIC and other deposit assessments
67

 
58

 
16

 
146

 
128

 
14

Outside professional services
254

 
274

 
(7
)
 
490

 
517

 
(5
)
Operating losses
48

 
29

 
66

 
85

 
48

 
77

Other expense of the segment
861

 
892

 
(3
)
 
1,722

 
1,718

 

Total noninterest expense
3,295

 
3,203

 
3

 
6,704

 
6,418

 
4

Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interests
2,846

 
2,792

 
2

 
5,355

 
5,250

 
2

Income tax expense
840

 
838

 

 
1,546

 
1,552

 

Net income from noncontrolling interests
(5
)
 
2

 
(350
)
 
1

 
4

 
(75
)
Net income
$
2,011

 
1,952

 
3

 
$
3,808

 
3,694

 
3

Average loans
$
343.6

 
308.1

 
12

 
$
340.6

 
305.0

 
12

Average core deposits
304.2

 
265.8

 
14

 
303.8

 
262.4

 
16


Wholesale Banking had net income of $2.0 billion in second quarter 2015, up $59 million, or 3%, from second quarter 2014. In the first half of 2015, net income of $3.8 billion increased $114 million, or 3%, from the same period a year ago. The higher results for both second quarter and the first half of 2015 were driven by increased revenues which were partially offset by increased expenses. Revenue increased $137 million, or 2%, from second quarter 2014 and $469 million, or 4%, from the first half of 2014 on both increased net interest income and noninterest
 
income. Net interest income increased driven by loan growth, which included the GE Capital loan purchase and financing transaction, and other earning asset growth. Noninterest income increased primarily due to higher mortgage banking income driven by originations and sales of commercial mortgage loans, higher service charges on deposits as a result of increased treasury management fees, increased other fees related to higher commercial real estate brokerage commissions and higher gains on debt and equity investments.


13


Average loans of $343.6 billion in second quarter 2015 increased $35.5 billion, or 12%, from second quarter 2014, driven by broad based growth across most customer segments. Average core deposits of $304.2 billion increased $38.4 billion, or 14%, from second quarter 2014 reflecting continued customer liquidity. Noninterest expense increased 3% from second quarter 2014 and 4% from the first half of 2014, primarily due to higher personnel expenses related to growth initiatives, compliance, and regulatory requirements. The provision for credit losses remained in a net recovery position for the second quarter and first half of 2015 with the amount of reversal increasing $9 million from second quarter 2014 but decreasing $78 million from the first half of 2014 driven by lower net credit recoveries.

Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement provides a full range of financial advisory services to clients using a planning approach to meet each client's financial needs. Wealth Management provides
 
affluent and high net worth clients with a complete range of wealth management solutions, including financial planning, private banking, credit, investment management and fiduciary services. Abbot Downing, a Wells Fargo business, provides comprehensive wealth management services to ultra-high net worth families and individuals as well as endowments and foundations. Brokerage serves customers' advisory, brokerage and financial needs as part of one of the largest full-service brokerage firms in the United States. Retirement is a national leader in providing retirement and trust services (including 401(k) and pension plan record keeping) for institutional clients and reinsurance services for the life insurance industry. Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement cross-sell was 10.53 products per retail banking household in May 2015, up from 10.44 a year ago. Table 4c provides additional financial information for Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement.

Table 4c - Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions, except average balances which are in billions)
2015

 
2014

 
% Change
 
2015

 
2014

 
% Change

Net interest income
$
865

 
775

 
12
 %
 
$
1,726

 
1,543

 
12
 %
Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
6

 
5

 
20

 
10

 
9

 
11

Trust and investment fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage advisory, commissions and other fees
2,316

 
2,199

 
5

 
4,610

 
4,363

 
6

Trust and investment management
409

 
396

 
3

 
816

 
788

 
4

Investment banking (1)
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(33
)
 
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(17
)
Total trust and investment fees
2,723

 
2,592

 
5

 
5,421

 
5,145

 
5

Card fees
1

 
1

 

 
2

 
2

 

Other fees
4

 
5

 
(20
)
 
8

 
9

 
(11
)
Mortgage banking
(1
)
 

 
NM

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
200

Insurance
61

 
42

 
45

 
116

 
81

 
43

Net gains from trading activities
(2
)
 
64

 
(103
)
 
40

 
100

 
(60
)
Net gains on debt securities
1

 
1

 

 
12

 
5

 
140

Net gains from equity investments
7

 
3

 
133

 
10

 
7

 
43

Other income of the segment
74

 
62

 
19

 
130

 
118

 
10

Total noninterest income
2,874

 
2,775

 
4

 
5,746

 
5,475

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
3,739

 
3,550

 
5

 
7,472

 
7,018

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reversal of provision for credit losses
(10
)
 
(25
)
 
(60
)
 
(13
)
 
(33
)
 
(61
)
Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personnel expense
1,831

 
1,813

 
1

 
3,763

 
3,660

 
3

Equipment
11

 
13

 
(15
)
 
23

 
24

 
(4
)
Net occupancy
105

 
103

 
2

 
210

 
206

 
2

Core deposit and other intangibles
82

 
88

 
(7
)
 
163

 
175

 
(7
)
FDIC and other deposit assessments
26

 
28

 
(7
)
 
63

 
63

 

Outside professional services
114

 
122

 
(7
)
 
226

 
222

 
2

Operating losses
69

 
14

 
393

 
99

 
38

 
161

Other expense of the segment
537

 
514

 
4

 
1,059

 
1,018

 
4

Total noninterest expense
2,775

 
2,695

 
3

 
5,606

 
5,406

 
4

Income before income tax expense and noncontrolling interests
974

 
880

 
11

 
1,879

 
1,645

 
14

Income tax expense
369

 
334

 
10

 
713

 
624

 
14

Net income from noncontrolling interests
3

 
2

 
50

 
3

 
2

 
50

Net income
$
602

 
544

 
11

 
$
1,163

 
1,019

 
14

Average loans
$
59.3

 
51.0

 
16

 
$
58.1

 
50.5

 
15

Average core deposits
159.4

 
153.0

 
4

 
160.4

 
154.5

 
4

NM - Not meaningful
(1)
Represents syndication and underwriting fees paid to Wells Fargo Securities which are offset in our Wholesale Banking segment.

14

Earnings Performance (continued)

Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement reported net income of $602 million in second quarter 2015, up 11% from second quarter 2014. Net income for the first half of 2015 was $1.2 billion, up 14% compared with the same period a year ago. Growth in net income for both periods was driven by revenue growth. Revenue was up 5% from second quarter 2014 and up 6% from the first half of 2014, primarily due to higher asset-based fees and net interest income. Average loans in second quarter 2015 of $59.3 billion were up 16% from second quarter 2014. First half 2015 average loans increased 15% from the same period a year ago. Average loan growth was driven by growth in non-conforming mortgages, commercial and security-based lending. Average core deposits in second quarter 2015 of $159.4 billion were up 4% from second quarter 2014. First half 2015 average core deposits increased 4% from the same period a year ago. Noninterest expense was up 3% from second quarter 2014 and up 4% from the first half of 2014 largely due to increased personnel expenses, largely broker commissions, and higher operating losses reflecting increased litigation accruals. Total provision for credit losses increased $15 million and $20 million from the second quarter and first half of 2014, respectively, driven primarily by lower allowance releases. 


15


Balance Sheet Analysis 
At June 30, 2015, our assets totaled $1.7 trillion, up $33.5 billion from December 31, 2014. The predominant areas of asset growth were in investment securities, which increased $27.8 billion, loans, which increased $25.9 billion (including $11.5 billion from the GE Capital loan purchase and financing transaction) and mortgages held for sale, which increased $5.9 billion. A decrease in federal funds sold and other short-term investments of $26.2 billion combined with deposit growth of $17.5 billion, an increase in short-term borrowings of $19.4 billion, and total equity growth of $5.4 billion from December 31, 2014, were the
 
predominant sources that funded our asset growth in the first half of 2015. Equity growth benefited from $7.1 billion in earnings net of dividends paid.
The following discussion provides additional information about the major components of our balance sheet. Information regarding our capital and changes in our asset mix is included in the “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” and “Capital Management” sections and Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report.



Investment Securities
 
Table 5:  Investment Securities – Summary
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
Amortized Cost

 
Net
 unrealized
gain

 
Fair value

 
Amortized Cost

 
Net
unrealized
gain

 
Fair value

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
253,785

 
4,395

 
258,180

 
247,747

 
6,019

 
253,766

Marketable equity securities
1,145

 
1,342

 
2,487

 
1,906

 
1,770

 
3,676

Total available-for-sale securities
254,930

 
5,737

 
260,667

 
249,653

 
7,789

 
257,442

Held-to-maturity debt securities
80,102

 
213

 
80,315

 
55,483

 
876

 
56,359

Total investment securities (1)
$
335,032

 
5,950

 
340,982

 
305,136

 
8,665

 
313,801

(1)
Available-for-sale securities are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Held-to-maturity securities are carried on the balance sheet at amortized cost.

Table 5 presents a summary of our investment securities portfolio, which increased $27.8 billion from December 31, 2014, predominantly due to purchases of U.S. Treasury securities and Federal agency mortgage-backed securities. The total net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities were $5.7 billion at June 30, 2015, down from $7.8 billion at December 31, 2014, due primarily to an increase in interest rates. For a discussion of our investment management objectives and practices, see the "Balance Sheet Analysis" section of our 2014 Form 10-K. Also, see the “Risk Management - Asset/Liability Management” section in this Report for information on our use of investments to manage liquidity and interest rate risk.
We analyze securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) quarterly or more often if a potential loss-triggering event occurs. Of the $169 million in OTTI write-downs recognized in earnings in the first half of 2015, $51 million related to debt securities and $117 million related to nonmarketable equity investments, which are included in other assets. For a discussion of our OTTI accounting policies and underlying considerations and analysis see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K and Note 4 (Investment Securities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
At June 30, 2015, investment securities included $50.5 billion of municipal bonds, of which 93.0% were rated “A-” or better based predominantly on external and, in some cases, internal ratings. Additionally, some of the securities in our total municipal bond portfolio are guaranteed against loss by bond insurers. These guaranteed bonds are substantially all investment grade and were generally underwritten in accordance with our own investment standards prior to the determination to purchase, without relying on the bond insurer’s guarantee in making the investment decision. The credit quality of our
 
municipal bond holdings are monitored as part of our ongoing impairment analysis.
The weighted-average expected maturity of debt securities available-for-sale was 6.6 years at June 30, 2015. Because 48% of this portfolio is MBS, the expected remaining maturity is shorter than the remaining contractual maturity because borrowers generally have the right to prepay obligations before the underlying mortgages mature. The estimated effects of a 200 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates on the fair value and the expected remaining maturity of the MBS available-for-sale portfolio are shown in Table 6.
Table 6:  Mortgage-Backed Securities Available-for-Sale
(in billions)
Fair value

 
Net unrealized gain (loss)

 
Expected remaining maturity
(in years)
At June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Actual
$
123.8

 
2.8

 
4.9
Assuming a 200 basis point:
 
 
 
 
 
Increase in interest rates
112.8

 
(8.2
)
 
6.7
Decrease in interest rates
128.3

 
7.3

 
2.6

The weighted-average expected maturity of debt securities held-to-maturity was 6.5 years at June 30, 2015. See Note 4 (Investment Securities) to Financial Statements in this Report for a summary of investment securities by security type.


16

Balance Sheet Analysis (continued)

Loan Portfolio
Total loans were $888.5 billion at June 30, 2015, up $25.9 billion from December 31, 2014. Table 7 provides a summary of total outstanding loans by core and non-strategic/liquidating loan portfolios. Loans in the core portfolio grew $30.3 billion from December 31, 2014, primarily due to growth in commercial and industrial and real estate construction loans within the
 
commercial loan portfolio segment, which included the GE Capital loan purchase and associated financing transaction announced in first quarter 2015. Non-strategic/liquidating portfolios decreased by $4.4 billion. Additional information on the non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios is included in Table 12 in the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management” section in this Report.

Table 7:  Loan Portfolios
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
 
Core

 
Liquidating

 
Total

 
Core

 
Liquidating

 
Total

Commercial
 
$
437,430

 
592

 
438,022

 
413,701

 
1,125

 
414,826

Consumer
 
394,670

 
55,767

 
450,437

 
388,062

 
59,663

 
447,725

Total loans
 
$
832,100

 
56,359

 
888,459

 
801,763

 
60,788

 
862,551

Change from prior year-end
 
$
30,337

 
(4,429
)
 
25,908

 
60,343

 
(20,078
)
 
40,265


A discussion of average loan balances and a comparative detail of average loan balances is included in Table 1 under “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” earlier in this Report. Additional information on total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable is included in the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management” section in this Report. Period-end balances and other loan related information are in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report. 
 
Table 8 shows contractual loan maturities for loan categories normally not subject to regular periodic principal reduction and the contractual distribution of loans in those categories to changes in interest rates.
 

Table 8:  Maturities for Selected Commercial Loan Categories
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
 
Within
one
 year

 
After one
year
through
five years

 
After
 five
years

 
Total

 
Within
one
year

 
After one
year
through
 five years

 
After
five
years

 
Total

Selected loan maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
79,986

 
182,824

 
22,007

 
284,817

 
76,216

 
172,801

 
22,778

 
271,795

Real estate mortgage
 
17,980

 
65,933

 
35,782

 
119,695

 
17,485

 
61,092

 
33,419

 
111,996

Real estate construction
 
6,981

 
12,939

 
1,389

 
21,309

 
6,079

 
11,312

 
1,337

 
18,728

Total selected loans
 
$
104,947

 
261,696

 
59,178

 
425,821

 
99,780

 
245,205

 
57,534

 
402,519

Distribution of loans to changes in interest
rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans at fixed interest rates
 
$
18,523

 
27,268

 
22,001

 
67,792

 
15,574

 
25,429

 
20,002

 
61,005

Loans at floating/variable interest rates
 
86,424

 
234,428

 
37,177

 
358,029

 
84,206

 
219,776

 
37,532

 
341,514

Total selected loans
 
$
104,947

 
261,696

 
59,178

 
425,821

 
99,780

 
245,205

 
57,534

 
402,519



17


Deposits
Deposits totaled $1.2 trillion at both June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014. Table 9 provides additional information regarding deposits. Deposit growth of $17.5 billion from December 31, 2014, reflected continued customer-driven growth as well as liquidity-related issuances of term deposits. Information regarding the impact of deposits on net interest
 
income and a comparison of average deposit balances is provided in “Earnings Performance – Net Interest Income” and Table 1 earlier in this Report. Total core deposits were $1.1 trillion at June 30, 2015, up $28.3 billion from December 31, 2014.
 

Table 9:  Deposits
($ in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
% of
total
deposits

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
% of
total
deposits

 
%
% Change

Noninterest-bearing
$
343,581

 
28
%
 
$
321,962

 
27
%
 
7

Interest-bearing checking
42,950

 
4

 
41,713

 
4

 
3

Market rate and other savings
597,865

 
50

 
585,530

 
50

 
2

Savings certificates
31,500

 
3

 
35,354

 
3

 
(11
)
Foreign deposits (1)
66,738

 
6

 
69,789

 
6

 
(4
)
Core deposits
1,082,634

 
91

 
1,054,348

 
90

 
3

Other time and savings deposits
68,110

 
6

 
76,322

 
7

 
(11
)
Other foreign deposits
35,084

 
3

 
37,640

 
3

 
(7
)
Total deposits
$
1,185,828

 
100
%
 
$
1,168,310

 
100
%
 
1

(1)
Reflects Eurodollar sweep balances included in core deposits.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial instruments and to determine fair value disclosures. See our 2014 Form 10-K for a description of our critical accounting policy related to fair value of financial instruments and a discussion of our fair value measurement techniques.
Table 10 presents the summary of the fair value of financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and the amounts measured using significant Level 3 inputs (excluding derivative netting adjustments). The fair value of the remaining assets and liabilities were measured using valuation methodologies involving market-based or market-derived information (collectively Level 1 and 2 measurements).
Table 10:  Fair Value Level 3 Summary
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
($ in billions)
Total
balance

 
Level 3 (1)

 
Total
balance

 
Level 3 (1)

Assets carried
at fair value
$
386.7

 
29.9

 
378.1

 
32.3

As a percentage
of total assets
22
%
 
2

 
22

 
2

Liabilities carried
at fair value
$
30.6

 
2.0

 
34.9

 
2.3

As a percentage of
total liabilities
2
%
 
*

 
2

 

* Less than 1%.
(1) Excludes derivative netting adjustments.


 
See Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information on fair value measurements and a description of the Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value hierarchy.
Equity
Total equity was $190.7 billion at June 30, 2015 compared with $185.3 billion at December 31, 2014. The increase was predominantly driven by a $7.1 billion increase in retained earnings from earnings net of dividends paid, and a $2.4 billion increase in preferred stock, partially offset by a net reduction in common stock due to repurchases.




18



Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business, we engage in financial transactions that are not recorded on the balance sheet, or may be recorded on the balance sheet in amounts that are different from the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. Our off-balance sheet arrangements include commitments to lend and purchase securities, transactions with unconsolidated entities, guarantees, derivatives, and other commitments. These transactions are designed to (1) meet the financial needs of customers, (2) manage our credit, market or liquidity risks, and/or (3) diversify our funding sources.
 
Commitments to Lend and Purchase Securities
We enter into commitments to lend funds to customers, which are usually at a stated interest rate, if funded, and for specific purposes and time periods. When we make commitments, we are exposed to credit risk. However, the maximum credit risk for these commitments will generally be lower than the contractual amount because a portion of these commitments are expected to expire without being used by the customer. For more information on lending commitments, see Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report. We also enter into commitments to purchase securities under resale agreements. For more information on commitments to purchase securities under resale agreements, see Note 3 (Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Resale Agreements and Other Short-Term Investments) to Financial Statements in this Report.
 
Transactions with Unconsolidated Entities
We routinely enter into various types of on- and off-balance sheet transactions with special purpose entities (SPEs), which are corporations, trusts or partnerships that are established for a limited purpose. Generally, SPEs are formed in connection with securitization transactions. For more information on securitizations, including sales proceeds and cash flows from securitizations, see Note 7 (Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities) to Financial Statements in this Report.
 
Guarantees and Certain Contingent Arrangements
Guarantees are contracts that contingently require us to make payments to a guaranteed party based on an event or a change in an underlying asset, liability, rate or index. Guarantees are generally in the form of standby letters of credit, securities lending and other indemnifications, written put options, recourse obligations and other types of guarantee arrangements.
For more information on guarantees and certain contingent arrangements, see Note 10 (Guarantees, Pledged Assets and Collateral) to Financial Statements in this Report.

Derivatives
We primarily use derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign currency risk, and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. Derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and volume can be measured in terms of the notional amount, which is generally not exchanged, but is used only as the basis on which interest and other payments are determined. The notional amount is not recorded on the balance sheet and is not, when viewed in isolation, a meaningful measure of the risk profile of the instruments.
For more information on derivatives, see Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report.
 
Other Commitments
We also have other off-balance sheet transactions, including obligations to make rental payments under noncancelable operating leases and commitments to purchase certain debt and equity securities. Our operating lease obligations are discussed in Note 7 (Premises, Equipment, Lease Commitments and Other Assets) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K. For more information on commitments to purchase debt and equity securities, see the “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” section in our 2014 Form 10-K.



19


Risk Management
Financial institutions must manage a variety of business risks that can significantly affect their financial performance. Among the key risks that we must manage are operational risks, credit risks, and asset/liability management risks, which include interest rate, market, and liquidity and funding risks. Our risk culture is strongly rooted in our Vision and Values, and in order to succeed in our mission of satisfying our customers’ financial needs and helping them succeed financially, our business practices and operating model must support prudent risk management practices. For more information about how we manage these risks, see the “Risk Management” section in our 2014 Form 10-K. The discussion that follows provides an update regarding these risks.
Operational Risk Management
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal controls and processes, people and systems, or resulting from external events. These losses may be caused by events such as fraud, breaches of customer privacy, business disruptions, inappropriate employee behavior, vendors that do not perform their responsibilities and regulatory fines and penalties.
Information security is a significant operational risk for financial institutions such as Wells Fargo, and includes the risk of losses resulting from cyber attacks. Wells Fargo and other financial institutions continue to be the target of various evolving and adaptive cyber attacks, including malware and denial-of-service, as part of an effort to disrupt the operations of financial institutions, potentially test their cybersecurity capabilities, or obtain confidential, proprietary or other information. Wells Fargo has not experienced any material losses relating to these or other cyber attacks. Addressing cybersecurity risks is a priority for Wells Fargo, and we continue to develop and enhance our controls, processes and systems in order to protect our networks, computers, software and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access. We are also proactively involved in industry cybersecurity efforts and working with other parties, including our third-party service providers and governmental agencies, to continue to enhance defenses and improve resiliency to cybersecurity threats. See the “Risk Factors” section in our 2014 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the risks associated with a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including as a result of cyber attacks.


 
Credit Risk Management
We define credit risk as the risk of loss associated with a borrower or counterparty default (failure to meet obligations in accordance with agreed upon terms). Credit risk exists with many of our assets and exposures such as debt security holdings, certain derivatives, and loans. The following discussion focuses on our loan portfolios, which represent the largest component of assets on our balance sheet for which we have credit risk. Table 11 presents our total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable.
Table 11:  Total Loans Outstanding by Portfolio Segment and Class of Financing Receivable
(in millions)
Jun 30, 2015

 
Dec 31, 2014

Commercial:
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
284,817

 
271,795

Real estate mortgage
119,695

 
111,996

Real estate construction
21,309

 
18,728

Lease financing
12,201

 
12,307

Total commercial
438,022

 
414,826

Consumer:
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
267,868

 
265,386

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
56,164

 
59,717

Credit card
31,135

 
31,119

Automobile
57,801

 
55,740

Other revolving credit and installment
37,469

 
35,763

Total consumer
450,437

 
447,725

Total loans
$
888,459

 
862,551


We manage our credit risk by establishing what we believe are sound credit policies for underwriting new business, while monitoring and reviewing the performance of our existing loan portfolios. We employ various credit risk management and monitoring activities to mitigate risks associated with multiple risk factors affecting loans we hold, could acquire or originate including:
Loan concentrations and related credit quality
Counterparty credit risk
Economic and market conditions
Legislative or regulatory mandates
Changes in interest rates
Merger and acquisition activities
Reputation risk

Our credit risk management oversight process is governed centrally, but provides for decentralized management and accountability by our lines of business. Our overall credit process includes comprehensive credit policies, disciplined credit underwriting, frequent and detailed risk measurement and modeling, extensive credit training programs, and a continual loan review and audit process.
A key to our credit risk management is adherence to a well-controlled underwriting process, which we believe is appropriate for the needs of our customers as well as investors who purchase the loans or securities collateralized by the loans.



20

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Credit Quality Overview  Credit quality continued to improve during second quarter 2015 due in part to improving economic conditions, in particular the housing market, as well as our proactive credit risk management activities. In particular:
Although commercial nonaccrual loans increased to $2.5 billion at June 30, 2015, compared with $2.2 billion at December 31, 2014, consumer nonaccrual loans declined to $9.9 billion at June 30, 2015, compared with $10.6 billion at December 31, 2014. The increase in commercial nonaccrual loans was primarily driven by deterioration in the oil and gas portfolio, and the decrease in consumer nonaccrual loans was primarily driven by credit improvement in real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans. Nonaccrual loans represented 1.40% of total loans at June 30, 2015, compared with 1.49% at December 31, 2014.
Net charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans improved to 0.30% and 0.32% in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 0.35% and 0.38% respectively, for the same periods a year ago. Net charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of our average commercial and consumer portfolios were 0.06% and 0.53% in second quarter and 0.05% and 0.56% in the first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 0.03% and 0.62%, respectively, in second quarter, and 0.02% and 0.68%, respectively, in the first half of 2014.
Loans that are not government insured/guaranteed and 90 days or more past due and still accruing were $27 million and $729 million in our commercial and consumer portfolios, respectively, at June 30, 2015, compared with $47 million and $873 million at December 31, 2014.
 
 
Various economic indicators such as home prices influenced our evaluation of the allowance and provision for credit losses. Accordingly:
Our provision for credit losses was $300 million in second quarter 2015 and $908 million during the first half of 2015, compared with $217 million and $542 million, respectively, for the same periods a year ago.
The allowance for credit losses decreased to $12.6 billion, or 1.42% of total loans, at June 30, 2015 from $13.2 billion, or 1.53%, at December 31, 2014.
 
Additional information on our loan portfolios and our credit quality trends follows.

Non-Strategic and Liquidating Loan Portfolios  We continually evaluate and, when appropriate, modify our credit policies to address appropriate levels of risk. We may designate certain portfolios and loan products as non-strategic or liquidating after which we cease their continued origination and actively work to limit losses and reduce our exposures.
Table 12 identifies our non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios. They consist primarily of the Pick-a-Pay mortgage portfolio and PCI loans acquired from Wachovia, certain portfolios from legacy Wells Fargo Home Equity and Wells Fargo Financial, and our Education Finance government guaranteed student loan portfolio. The total balance of our non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios has decreased 70% since the merger with Wachovia at December 31, 2008, and decreased 7% from the end of 2014.
Additional information regarding the liquidating PCI and Pick-a-Pay loan portfolios is provided in the discussion of loan portfolios that follows.


Table 12:  Non-Strategic and Liquidating Loan Portfolios
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding balance
 
 
June 30,

 
December 31,
 
(in millions)
2015

 
2014

 
2008

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
Legacy Wachovia commercial and industrial and commercial real estate PCI loans (1)
$
592

 
1,125

 
18,704

Total commercial
592

 
1,125

 
18,704

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
Pick-a-Pay mortgage (1)(2)
42,222

 
45,002

 
95,315

Legacy Wells Fargo Financial debt consolidation (3)
10,702

 
11,417

 
25,299

Liquidating home equity
2,566

 
2,910

 
10,309

Legacy Wachovia other PCI loans (1)
262

 
300

 
2,478

Legacy Wells Fargo Financial indirect auto (3)
15

 
34

 
18,221

Education Finance - government insured

 

 
20,465

Total consumer
55,767

 
59,663

 
172,087

Total non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios
$
56,359

 
60,788

 
190,791

(1)
Net of purchase accounting adjustments related to PCI loans.
(2)
Includes PCI loans of $20.4 billion, $21.5 billion and $37.6 billion at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014 and 2008, respectively.
(3)
When we refer to “legacy Wells Fargo”, we mean Wells Fargo excluding Wachovia Corporation (Wachovia).





21


PURCHASED CREDIT-IMPAIRED (PCI) LOANS Loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since their origination and where it is probable that we will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are PCI loans. A nonaccretable difference is established for PCI loans to absorb losses expected on the contractual amounts of those loans in excess of the fair value recorded at the date of acquisition. Amounts absorbed by the nonaccretable difference do not affect the income statement or the allowance for credit losses. Substantially all of our PCI loans were acquired in the Wachovia acquisition on December 31, 2008. PCI loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, and the historical allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over. The carrying value of PCI loans totaled $21.6 billion at June 30, 2015, down from $23.3 billion and $58.8 billion at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and $3.0 billion in nonaccretable difference remains at June 30, 2015, to absorb losses on PCI loans. Such loans are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
Since December 31, 2008, we have released over $10.6 billion in nonaccretable difference, including $8.6 billion transferred from the nonaccretable difference to the accretable yield and $2.0 billion released to income through loan resolutions. Also, we have provided $1.7 billion for losses on certain PCI loans or pools of PCI loans that have had credit-related decreases to cash flows expected to be collected. Through June 30, 2015, cumulative losses on PCI loans were $8.9 billion lower than our December 31, 2008 initial expectation of $41.0 billion.
For additional information on PCI loans, see the “Risk Management - Credit Risk Management - Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section and Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K, and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.



22

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Significant Loan Portfolio Reviews Measuring and monitoring our credit risk is an ongoing process that tracks delinquencies, collateral values, FICO scores, economic trends by geographic areas, loan-level risk grading for certain portfolios (typically commercial) and other indications of credit risk. Our credit risk monitoring process is designed to enable early identification of developing risk and to support our determination of an appropriate allowance for credit losses. The following discussion provides additional characteristics and analysis of our significant portfolios. See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report for more analysis and credit metric information for each of the following portfolios.

COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LOANS AND LEASE FINANCING  For purposes of portfolio risk management, we aggregate commercial and industrial loans and lease financing according to market segmentation and standard industry codes. We generally subject commercial and industrial loans and lease financing to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with criticized divided between special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss categories.
The commercial and industrial loans and lease financing portfolio totaled $297.0 billion, or 33% of total loans, at June 30, 2015. The annualized net charge-off rate for this portfolio was 0.11% and 0.10% in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 0.10% and 0.09% in for the same periods a year ago. At June 30, 2015, 0.37% of this portfolio was nonaccruing, compared with 0.20% at December 31, 2014. In addition, $16.5 billion of this portfolio was rated as criticized in accordance with regulatory guidance at June 30, 2015, compared with $16.7 billion at December 31, 2014
A majority of our commercial and industrial loans and lease financing portfolio is secured by short-term assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory and securities, as well as long-lived assets, such as equipment and other business assets. Generally, the collateral securing this portfolio represents a secondary source of repayment.
Table 13 provides a breakout of commercial and industrial loans and lease financing by industry, and includes $45.1 billion of foreign loans at June 30, 2015, that were reported in a separate foreign loan class in prior periods. Foreign loans totaled $13.6 billion within the investor category, $17.5 billion within the financial institutions category and $1.5 billion within the oil and gas category.
The investors category includes loans to special purpose vehicles (SPVs) formed by sponsoring entities to invest in financial assets backed predominantly by commercial and residential real estate or corporate cash flow, and are repaid from the asset cash flows or the sale of assets by the SPV. We limit loan amounts to a percentage of the value of the underlying assets, as determined by us, based primarily on analysis of underlying credit risk and other factors such as asset duration and ongoing performance.
 
We provide financial institutions with a variety of relationship focused products and services, including loans supporting short-term trade finance and working capital needs. The $17.5 billion of foreign loans in the financial institutions category were primarily originated by our Global Financial Institutions (GFI) business.
Slightly more than half of our oil and gas loans were to businesses in the exploration and production (E&P) sector. Most of these E&P loans are secured by oil and/or gas reserves and have underlying borrowing base arrangements which include regular (typically semi-annual) “redeterminations” that consider refinements to borrowing structure and prices used to determine borrowing limits. All other oil and gas loans were to midstream and services and equipment companies. Driven by a drop in energy prices and the results of our spring redeterminations, our oil and gas nonaccrual loans increased to $508 million at June 30, 2015, compared with $76 million at December 31, 2014.
Table 13:  Commercial and Industrial Loans and Lease Financing by Industry (1)
 
June 30, 2015
 
(in millions)
Nonaccrual
loans

 
Total
portfolio

 
(2)
 
% of
total
loans

Investors
$
27

 
46,858

 
 
 
5
%
Financial institutions
62

 
35,635

 
 
 
4

Oil and gas
508

 
17,378

 
 
 
2

Cyclical retailers
18

 
14,788

 
 
 
2

Food and beverage
16

 
14,709

 
 
 
2

Healthcare
32

 
14,311

 
 
 
2

Industrial equipment
20

 
14,109

 
 
 
1

Real estate lessor
3

 
13,296

 
 
 
1

Public administration
9

 
8,400

 
 
 
1

Technology
32

 
8,347

 
 
 
1

Transportation
42

 
7,969

 
 
 
1

Business services
23

 
6,977

 
 
 
1

Other
315

 
94,241

 
(3)
 
10

Total
$
1,107

 
297,018

 
 
 
33
%
(1)
Industry categories are based on the North American Industry Classification System and the amounts reported include foreign loans. See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report for a breakout of commercial foreign loans.
(2)
Includes $86 million of PCI loans, which are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
(3)
No other single industry had total loans in excess of $6.1 billion


23


COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE (CRE) We generally subject CRE loans to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with criticized divided between special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss categories. The CRE portfolio, which included $9.5 billion of foreign CRE loans, totaled $141.0 billion, or 16%, of total loans at June 30, 2015, and consisted of $119.7 billion of mortgage loans and $21.3 billion of construction loans.
During second quarter 2015, we closed $11.5 billion in loans under agreements announced on April 10, 2015, to purchase commercial real estate loans from GE Capital and provide financing to Blackstone Mortgage Trust for its purchase of a GE Capital commercial mortgage portfolio. We expect the remaining balance of approximately $400 million of loans under these agreements to close in third quarter 2015. The loans purchased from GE Capital were recorded at fair value, which reflected a lifetime credit loss adjustment and therefore did not initially require additions to the allowance as would typically be
 
associated with commercial loan growth.
Table 14 summarizes CRE loans by state and property type with the related nonaccrual totals. The portfolio is diversified both geographically and by property type. The largest geographic concentrations of combined CRE loans are in California and Texas which represented 27% and 8% of the total CRE portfolio, respectively. By property type, the largest concentrations are office buildings at 27% and apartments at 15% of the portfolio. CRE nonaccrual loans totaled 1.0% of the CRE outstanding balance at June 30, 2015, compared with 1.3% at December 31, 2014. At June 30, 2015, we had $8.1 billion of criticized CRE mortgage loans, compared with $7.9 billion at December 31, 2014, and $842 million of criticized CRE construction loans, down from $949 million at December 31, 2014.
At June 30, 2015, the recorded investment in PCI CRE loans totaled $787 million, down from $12.3 billion when acquired at December 31, 2008, reflecting principal payments, loan resolutions and write-downs.

Table 14:  CRE Loans by State and Property Type
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
Real estate mortgage
 
 
 
 
Real estate construction
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Nonaccrual
loans

 
Total
portfolio

 
(1)
 
Nonaccrual
loans

 
Total
portfolio

 
(1)
 
Nonaccrual
loans

 
Total
portfolio

 
(1)
 
% of
total
loans

By state:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
296

 
34,066

 
 
 
9

 
3,983

 
 
 
305

 
38,049

 
 
 
4
%
Texas
83

 
8,982

 
 
 
1

 
2,060

 
 
 
84

 
11,042

 
 
 
1

Florida
144

 
8,035

 
 
 
4

 
1,955

 
 
 
148

 
9,990

 
 
 
1

New York
33

 
7,334

 
 
 
14

 
1,779

 
 
 
47

 
9,113

 
 
 
1

North Carolina
77

 
3,940

 
 
 
7

 
842

 
 
 
84

 
4,782

 
 
 
1

Arizona
55

 
3,726

 
 
 
1

 
502

 
 
 
56

 
4,228

 
 
 
*

Washington
32

 
3,433

 
 
 

 
784

 
 
 
32

 
4,217

 
 
 
*

Georgia
104

 
3,516

 
 
 
21

 
478

 
 
 
125

 
3,994

 
 
 
*

Illinois
4

 
3,260

 
 
 
1

 
332

 
 
 
5

 
3,592

 
 
 
*

Virginia
15

 
2,464

 
 
 
3

 
912

 
 
 
18

 
3,376

 
 
 
*

Other
407

 
40,939

 
 
 
104

 
7,682

 
 
 
511

 
48,621

 
(2)
 
5

Total
$
1,250

 
119,695

 
 
 
165

 
21,309

 
 
 
1,415

 
141,004

 
 
 
16
%
By property:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office buildings
$
333

 
35,790

 
 
 

 
2,870

 
 
 
333

 
38,660

 
 
 
4
%
Apartments
46

 
13,756

 
 
 

 
7,347

 
 
 
46

 
21,103

 
 
 
2

Industrial/warehouse
223

 
12,551

 
 
 

 
1,272

 
 
 
223

 
13,823

 
 
 
2

Retail (excluding shopping center)
162

 
12,561

 
 
 

 
807

 
 
 
162

 
13,368

 
 
 
2

Real estate - other
136

 
11,221

 
 
 

 
350

 
 
 
136

 
11,571

 
 
 
1

Shopping center
66

 
9,987

 
 
 

 
1,197

 
 
 
66

 
11,184

 
 
 
1

Hotel/motel
35

 
9,875

 
 
 

 
1,138

 
 
 
35

 
11,013

 
 
 
1

Institutional
42

 
3,148

 
 
 

 
572

 
 
 
42

 
3,720

 
 
 
*

Land (excluding 1-4 family)
1

 
382

 
 
 
26

 
2,468

 
 
 
27

 
2,850

 
 
 
*

Agriculture
54

 
2,454

 
 
 
1

 
38

 
 
 
55

 
2,492

 
 
 
*

Other
152

 
7,970

 
 
 
138

 
3,250

 
 
 
290

 
11,220

 
 
 
1

Total
$
1,250

 
119,695

 
 
 
165

 
21,309

 
 
 
1,415

 
141,004

 
 
 
16
%
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Includes a total of $787 million PCI loans, consisting of $681 million of real estate mortgage and $106 million of real estate construction, which are considered to be accruing due to the existence of the accretable yield and not based on consideration given to contractual interest payments.
(2)
Includes 40 states; no state had loans in excess of $3.4 billion.



24

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

FOREIGN LOANS AND COUNTRY RISK EXPOSURE We classify loans for financial statement and certain regulatory purposes as foreign primarily based on whether the borrower’s primary address is outside of the United States. At June 30, 2015, foreign loans totaled $55.2 billion and included the purchase of $3.8 billion of loans from GE Capital. Foreign loans represented approximately 6% of our total consolidated loans outstanding at June 30, 2015, compared with $50.6 billion, or approximately 6% of total consolidated loans outstanding, at December 31, 2014. Foreign loans were approximately 3% of our consolidated total assets at June 30, 2015 and at December 31, 2014.
Our foreign country risk monitoring process incorporates frequent dialogue with our financial institution customers, counterparties and regulatory agencies, enhanced by centralized monitoring of macroeconomic and capital markets conditions in the respective countries. We establish exposure limits for each country through a centralized oversight process based on customer needs, and in consideration of relevant economic, political, social, legal, and transfer risks. We monitor exposures closely and adjust our country limits in response to changing conditions.
We evaluate our individual country risk exposure on an ultimate country of risk basis, which is normally based on the country of residence of the guarantor or collateral location, and is different from the reporting based on the borrower’s primary address. Our largest single foreign country exposure on an ultimate risk basis at June 30, 2015, was the United Kingdom, which totaled $22.8 billion, or approximately 1% of our total assets, and included $4.4 billion of sovereign claims. Our United Kingdom sovereign claims arise predominantly from deposits we have placed with the Bank of England pursuant to regulatory requirements in support of our London branch.
We conduct periodic stress tests of our significant country risk exposures, analyzing the direct and indirect impacts on the risk of loss from various macroeconomic and capital markets scenarios. We do not have significant exposure to foreign country risks because our foreign portfolio is relatively small. However, we have identified exposure to increased loss from U.S. borrowers associated with the potential impact of a regional or worldwide economic downturn on the U.S. economy. We mitigate these potential impacts on the risk of loss through our normal risk management processes which include active monitoring and, if necessary, the application of aggressive loss mitigation strategies.
Table 15 provides information regarding our top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) and our Eurozone exposure, on an ultimate risk basis. We had no exposure to Greece and our exposure to Puerto Rico (considered part of U.S. exposure) is primarily through automobile lending and was not material to our consolidated country risk exposure.


25


Table 15:  Select Country Exposures
 
Lending (1)
 
 
Securities (2)
 
 
Derivatives and other (3)
 
 
Total exposure
 
(in millions)
Sovereign

 
Non-
sovereign

 
Sovereign

 
Non-
sovereign

 
Sovereign

 
Non-
sovereign

 
Sovereign

 
Non-
sovereign (4)

 
Total

June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Top 20 country exposures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom
$
4,400

 
12,857

 

 
3,254

 

 
2,307

 
4,400

 
18,418

 
22,818

Canada

 
12,643

 
28

 
1,276

 

 
404

 
28

 
14,323

 
14,351

Bermuda

 
2,976

 

 
143

 

 
33

 

 
3,152

 
3,152

China

 
3,034

 

 
69

 
6

 
17

 
6

 
3,120

 
3,126

Cayman Islands

 
3,066

 

 

 

 
57

 

 
3,123

 
3,123

Ireland
24

 
2,350

 

 
441

 

 
18

 
24

 
2,809

 
2,833

Netherlands

 
2,173

 

 
460

 

 
31

 

 
2,664

 
2,664

Brazil

 
2,637

 

 
3

 

 
4

 

 
2,644

 
2,644

Luxembourg

 
2,005

 

 
150

 

 
14

 

 
2,169

 
2,169

Germany
24

 
1,378

 

 
513

 

 
42

 
24

 
1,933

 
1,957

France

 
394

 

 
993

 

 
258

 

 
1,645

 
1,645

Turkey

 
1,633

 

 

 

 
2

 

 
1,635

 
1,635

India

 
1,326

 
6

 
153

 

 

 
6

 
1,479

 
1,485

Australia
11

 
815

 

 
551

 

 
39

 
11

 
1,405

 
1,416

Switzerland

 
1,062

 

 
269

 

 
63

 

 
1,394

 
1,394

Mexico

 
1,103

 

 
48

 
1

 
151

 
1

 
1,302

 
1,303

Chile

 
1,215

 

 
22

 
1

 
35

 
1

 
1,272

 
1,273

South Korea

 
1,183

 
6

 
23

 
9

 
24

 
15

 
1,230

 
1,245

Jersey, C.I.

 
1,203

 

 
40

 

 
1

 

 
1,244

 
1,244

Guernsey

 
1,173

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,173

 
1,173

Total top 20 country exposures
$
4,459

 
56,226

 
40

 
8,408

 
17

 
3,500

 
4,516

 
68,134

 
72,650

Eurozone exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eurozone countries included in Top 20 above (5)
$
48

 
8,300

 

 
2,557

 

 
363

 
48

 
11,220

 
11,268

Spain

 
209

 

 
33

 

 
6

 

 
248

 
248

Italy

 
129

 

 
92

 

 
12

 

 
233

 
233

Austria

 
178

 

 
12

 

 
2

 

 
192

 
192

Belgium

 
108

 

 
19

 

 
2

 

 
129

 
129

Other Eurozone exposure (6)
18

 
26

 

 
8

 

 
7

 
18

 
41

 
59

Total Eurozone exposure
$
66

 
8,950

 

 
2,721

 

 
392

 
66

 
12,063

 
12,129

(1)
Lending exposure includes funded loans and unfunded commitments, leveraged leases, and money market placements presented on a gross basis prior to the deduction of impairment allowance and collateral received under the terms of the credit agreements. For the countries listed above, includes $48 million in PCI loans, predominantly to customers in the Netherlands and Germany, and $1.4 billion in defeased leases secured largely by U.S. Treasury and government agency securities, or government guaranteed.
(2)
Represents exposure on debt and equity securities of foreign issuers.
(3)
Represents counterparty exposure on foreign exchange and derivative contracts, and securities resale and lending agreements. This exposure is presented net of counterparty netting adjustments and reduced by the amount of cash collateral. It includes credit default swaps (CDS) predominantly used to manage our U.S. and London-based cash credit trading businesses, which sometimes results in selling and purchasing protection on the identical reference entity. Generally, we do not use market instruments such as CDS to hedge the credit risk of our investment or loan positions, although we do use them to manage risk in our trading businesses. At June 30, 2015, the gross notional amount of our CDS sold that reference assets in the Top 20 or Eurozone countries was $2.5 billion, which was offset by the notional amount of CDS purchased of $2.6 billion. We did not have any CDS purchased or sold that reference pools of assets that contain sovereign debt or where the reference asset was solely the sovereign debt of a foreign country.
(4)
For countries presented in the table, total non-sovereign exposure comprises $19.5 billion exposure to financial institutions and $49.5 billion to non-financial corporations at June 30, 2015.
(5)
Consists of exposure to Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Germany and France included in Top 20.
(6)
Includes non-sovereign exposure to Portugal in the amount of $25 million. We had no non-sovereign exposure to Greece, and no sovereign debt exposure to either of these countries at June 30, 2015.

26

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

REAL ESTATE 1-4 FAMILY FIRST AND JUNIOR LIEN MORTGAGE LOANS  Our real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgage loans primarily include loans we have made to customers and retained as part of our asset/liability management strategy. These loans, as presented in Table 16, include the Pick-a-Pay portfolio acquired from Wachovia which is discussed later
 
in this Report. These loans also include other purchased loans and loans included on our balance sheet as a result of consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs).
 

Table 16:  Real Estate 1-4 Family First and Junior Lien Mortgage Loans
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
Balance

 
% of
portfolio

 
Balance

 
% of
portfolio

Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
$
214,831

 
66
%
 
$
208,852

 
64
%
Non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pick-a-Pay mortgage
42,222

 
13

 
45,002

 
14

PCI and liquidating first mortgage
10,815

 
4

 
11,532

 
4

Total non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios
53,037

 
17

 
56,534

 
18

Total real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loans
267,868

 
83

 
265,386

 
82

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core portfolio
53,456

 
16

 
56,631

 
17

Non-strategic and liquidating loan portfolios
2,708

 
1

 
3,086

 
1

Total real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage loans
56,164

 
17

 
59,717

 
18

Total real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans
$
324,032

 
100
%
 
$
325,103

 
100
%

The real estate 1-4 family mortgage loan portfolio includes some loans with adjustable-rate features and some with an interest-only feature as part of the loan terms. Interest-only loans were approximately 10% and 12% of total loans at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. We believe we have manageable adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) reset risk across our owned mortgage loan portfolios. We do not offer option ARM products, nor do we offer variable-rate mortgage products with fixed payment amounts, commonly referred to within the financial services industry as negative amortizing mortgage loans. The option ARMs we do have are included in the Pick-a-Pay portfolio which was acquired from Wachovia and are part of our liquidating loan portfolios. Since our acquisition of the Pick-a-Pay loan portfolio at the end of 2008, the option payment portion of the portfolio has reduced from 86% to 40% at June 30, 2015, as a result of our modification activities and customers exercising their option to convert to fixed payments. For more information, see the “Pick-a-Pay Portfolio” section in this Report.
We continue to modify real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans to assist homeowners and other borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. For more information on our participation in the U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable (MHA) programs, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Real Estate 1-4 Family First and Junior Lien Mortgage Loans” section in our 2014 Form 10-K.
Part of our credit monitoring includes tracking delinquency, FICO scores and loan/combined loan to collateral values (LTV/CLTV) on the entire real estate 1-4 family mortgage loan portfolio. These credit risk indicators, which exclude government insured/guaranteed loans, continued to improve in second quarter 2015 on the non-PCI mortgage portfolio. Loans 30 days or more delinquent at June 30, 2015, totaled $8.9 billion, or 3%, of total non-PCI mortgages, compared with $10.2 billion, or 3%, at December 31, 2014. Loans with FICO scores lower than 640 totaled $24.0 billion at June 30, 2015, or 8% of total non-PCI mortgages, compared with $25.8 billion, or 9%, at December 31, 2014. Mortgages with a LTV/CLTV greater than 100% totaled $18.5 billion at June 30, 2015, or 6% of total non-PCI mortgages,
 
compared with $20.3 billion, or 7%, at December 31, 2014. Information regarding credit quality indicators, including PCI credit quality indicators, can be found in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgage loans by state are presented in Table 17. Our real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans to borrowers in California represented approximately 13% of total loans at June 30, 2015, located mostly within the larger metropolitan areas, with no single California metropolitan area consisting of more than 5% of total loans. We monitor changes in real estate values and underlying economic or market conditions for all geographic areas of our real estate 1-4 family mortgage portfolio as part of our credit risk management process. Our underwriting and periodic review of loans secured by residential real estate collateral includes appraisals or estimates from automated valuation models (AVMs) to support property values. Additional information about AVMs and our policy for their use can be found in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report and the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Real Estate 1-4 Family First and Junior Lien Mortgage Loans” section in our 2014 Form 10-K.


27


Table 17:  Real Estate 1-4 Family First and Junior Lien Mortgage Loans by State
 
June 30, 2015
 
(in millions)
Real estate
1-4 family
first
mortgage

 
Real estate
1-4 family
junior lien
mortgage

 
Total real
estate 1-4
family
mortgage

 
% of
total
loans

Real estate 1-4 family loans (excluding PCI):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
83,733

 
15,513

 
99,246

 
11
%
New York
18,951

 
2,541

 
21,492

 
2

Florida
14,174

 
5,118

 
19,292

 
2

New Jersey
11,306

 
4,636

 
15,942

 
2

Virginia
7,079

 
3,131

 
10,210

 
1

Texas
8,010

 
829

 
8,839

 
1

Pennsylvania
5,760

 
2,851

 
8,611

 
1

North Carolina
5,960

 
2,500

 
8,460

 
1

Washington
6,250

 
1,373

 
7,623

 
1

Other (1)
62,155

 
17,591

 
79,746

 
9

Government insured/
guaranteed loans (2)
23,889

 

 
23,889

 
3

Total
$
247,267

 
56,083

 
303,350

 
34
%
Real estate 1-4
family PCI loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
14,321

 
22

 
14,343

 
2
%
Florida
1,487

 
13

 
1,500

 
*

New Jersey
714

 
13

 
727

 
*

Other (3)
4,079

 
33

 
4,112

 
*

Total
$
20,601

 
81

 
20,682

 
2
%
Total
$
267,868

 
56,164

 
324,032

 
36
%
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Consists of 41 states; no state had loans in excess of $7.3 billion.
(2)
Represents loans whose repayments are predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
(3)
Consists of 45 states; no state had loans in excess of $505 million.


28

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

First Lien Mortgage Portfolio  The credit performance associated with our real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage portfolio continued to improve in second quarter 2015, as measured through net charge-offs and nonaccrual loans. Net charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans improved to 0.10% and 0.11% in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively, compared with 0.21% and 0.24%, respectively, for the same periods a year ago. Nonaccrual loans were $8.0 billion at June 30, 2015, compared with $8.6 billion at December 31, 2014. Improvement in the credit performance was
 
driven by both an improving economic and housing environment and declining balances in non-strategic and liquidating loans, which have been replaced with higher quality assets originated after 2008 generally utilizing tighter underwriting standards. Real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage loans originated after 2008 have resulted in minimal losses to date and were approximately 63% of our total real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage portfolio as of June 30, 2015. First lien mortgage portfolios by state are presented in Table 18.

Table 18: First Lien Mortgage Portfolios Performance (1)
 
Outstanding balance

 
 
% of loans two payments or more past due
 
Loss (recovery) rate (annualized) quarter ended
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

Dec 31,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2015

Dec 31,
2014
 
Jun 30,
2015

Mar 31,
2015
Dec 31,
2014
Sep 30,
2014

Jun 30,
2014
Core portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
71,468

67,038

 
0.69
%
0.83
 

0.01

0.01
New York
17,700

16,102

 
1.78

1.97
 
0.04

0.04
0.06
0.09

0.09
Florida
11,107

10,991

 
3.20

3.78
 
0.10

0.05
0.04
0.10

0.12
New Jersey
9,625

9,203

 
3.70

3.95
 
0.12

0.19
0.21
0.25

0.33
Texas
6,764

6,646

 
1.16

1.48
 
(0.01
)
0.01
0.01
(0.02
)
0.01
Other
74,278

72,604

 
2.04

2.34
 
0.11

0.15
0.12
0.14

0.16
Total
190,942

182,584

 
1.63

1.89
 
0.06

0.08
0.07
0.08

0.10
Government insured/guaranteed loans
23,889

26,268

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total core portfolio including government insured/guaranteed loans
214,831

208,852

 
1.63

1.89
 
0.06

0.08
0.07
0.08

0.10
Non-strategic and liquidating portfolios
32,436

34,822

 
14.40

15.55
 
0.46

0.58
0.62
0.83

0.99
Total first lien mortgages
$
247,267

243,674

 
3.49
%
4.08
 
0.12

0.16
0.16
0.21

0.26
(1)
Excludes PCI loans because their losses were generally reflected in PCI accounting adjustments at the date of acquisition.
 
Our total real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage portfolio increased $2.7 billion in second quarter 2015 and $2.5 billion in the first half of 2015. Growth in this portfolio has been largely offset by runoff in our real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage non-strategic and liquidating portfolios. Excluding this runoff, our core real estate 1-4 family first lien mortgage portfolio increased $4.5 billion in second quarter 2015 and $6.0 billion in the first half of 2015, as we retained $14.7 billion and $25.9 billion in non-conforming originations, primarily consisting of loans that exceed conventional conforming loan amount limits established by federal government-sponsored entities (GSEs), in the second quarter and first half of 2015, respectively.






29


Pick‑a‑Pay Portfolio  The Pick-a-Pay portfolio was one of the consumer residential first lien mortgage portfolios we acquired from Wachovia and a majority of the portfolio was identified as PCI loans.
The Pick-a-Pay portfolio includes loans that offer payment options (Pick-a-Pay option payment loans), and also includes loans that were originated without the option payment feature, loans that no longer offer the option feature as a result of our modification efforts since the acquisition, and loans where the customer voluntarily converted to a fixed-rate product. The Pick-a-Pay portfolio is included in the consumer real estate 1-4 family
 
first mortgage class of loans throughout this Report. Table 19 provides balances by types of loans as of June 30, 2015, as a result of modification efforts, compared to the types of loans included in the portfolio at acquisition. Total adjusted unpaid principal balance of PCI Pick-a-Pay loans was $25.2 billion at June 30, 2015, compared with $61.0 billion at acquisition. Primarily due to modification efforts, the adjusted unpaid principal balance of option payment PCI loans has declined to 15% of the total Pick-a-Pay portfolio at June 30, 2015, compared with 51% at acquisition.

Table 19:  Pick-a-Pay Portfolio - Comparison to Acquisition Date
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
2014
 
 
2008
 
(in millions)
Adjusted
unpaid
principal
balance (1)

 
% of
total

 
Adjusted
unpaid
principal
balance (1)

 
% of
total

 
Adjusted
unpaid
principal
balance (1)

 
% of
total

Option payment loans
$
18,545

 
40
%
 
$
20,258

 
41
%
 
$
99,937

 
86
%
Non-option payment adjustable-rate
and fixed-rate loans
6,241

 
13

 
6,776

 
14

 
15,763

 
14

Full-term loan modifications
22,132

 
47

 
22,674

 
45

 

 

Total adjusted unpaid principal balance
$
46,918

 
100
%
 
$
49,708

 
100
%
 
$
115,700

 
100
%
Total carrying value
$
42,222

 
 
 
45,002

 
 
 
95,315

 
 
(1)
Adjusted unpaid principal balance includes write-downs taken on loans where severe delinquency (normally 180 days) or other indications of severe borrower financial stress exist that indicate there will be a loss of contractually due amounts upon final resolution of the loan.

 Table 20 reflects the geographic distribution of the Pick-a-Pay portfolio broken out between PCI loans and all other loans. The LTV ratio is a useful metric in evaluating future real estate 1-4 family first mortgage loan performance, including potential charge-offs. Because PCI loans were initially recorded at fair value, including write-downs for expected credit losses, the ratio of the carrying value to the current collateral value will be lower compared with the LTV based on the adjusted unpaid principal balance. For informational purposes, we have included both ratios for PCI loans in the following table.


30

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Table 20:  Pick-a-Pay Portfolio (1)
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
PCI loans
 
 
All other loans
 
(in millions)
Adjusted
unpaid
principal
balance (2)

 
Current
LTV
ratio (3)

 
Carrying
value (4)

 
Ratio of
carrying
value to
current
value (5)

 
Carrying
value (4)

 
Ratio of
carrying
value to
current
value (5)

California
$
17,529

 
76
%
 
$
14,308

 
62
%
 
$
10,583

 
55
%
Florida
1,996

 
85

 
1,450

 
60

 
2,188

 
69

New Jersey
839

 
83

 
687

 
63

 
1,425

 
70

New York
550

 
76

 
487

 
61

 
683

 
66

Texas
220

 
59

 
200

 
53

 
851

 
47

Other states
4,063

 
81

 
3,288

 
65

 
6,072

 
68

Total Pick-a-Pay loans
$
25,197

 
78

 
$
20,420

 
62

 
$
21,802

 
61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
The individual states shown in this table represent the top five states based on the total net carrying value of the Pick-a-Pay loans at the beginning of 2015.
(2)
Adjusted unpaid principal balance includes write-downs taken on loans where severe delinquency (normally 180 days) or other indications of severe borrower financial stress exist that indicate there will be a loss of contractually due amounts upon final resolution of the loan.
(3)
The current LTV ratio is calculated as the adjusted unpaid principal balance divided by the collateral value. Collateral values are generally determined using automated valuation models (AVM) and are updated quarterly. AVMs are computer-based tools used to estimate market values of homes based on processing large volumes of market data including market comparables and price trends for local market areas.
(4)
Carrying value, which does not reflect the allowance for loan losses, includes remaining purchase accounting adjustments, which, for PCI loans may include the nonaccretable difference and the accretable yield and, for all other loans, an adjustment to mark the loans to a market yield at date of merger less any subsequent charge-offs.
(5)
The ratio of carrying value to current value is calculated as the carrying value divided by the collateral value.

In second quarter 2015, we completed nearly 1,000 proprietary and Home Affordability Modification Program (HAMP) Pick-a-Pay loan modifications. We have completed nearly 131,000 modifications since the Wachovia acquisition, resulting in $6.1 billion of principal forgiveness to our Pick-a-Pay customers. There remains $16 million of conditional forgiveness that can be earned by borrowers through performance over a three-year period.
Due to better than expected performance observed on the PCI portion of the Pick-a-Pay portfolio compared with the original acquisition estimates, we have reclassified $6.0 billion from the nonaccretable difference to the accretable yield since acquisition. Our cash flows expected to be collected have been favorably affected by lower expected defaults and losses as a result of observed and forecasted economic strengthening, particularly in housing prices, and our loan modification efforts. These factors are expected to reduce the frequency and severity of defaults and keep these loans performing for a longer period, thus increasing future principal and interest cash flows. The resulting increase in the accretable yield will be realized over the remaining life of the portfolio, which is estimated to have a weighted-average remaining life of approximately 11.2 years at June 30, 2015. The weighted average remaining life decreased slightly from December 31, 2014 due to the passage of time. The accretable yield percentage at June 30, 2015, was 6.21%, up from 6.15% at the end of 2014 due to favorable changes in the expected timing and composition of cash flows resulting from improving credit and prepayment expectations. Fluctuations in the accretable yield are driven by changes in interest rate indices for variable rate PCI loans, prepayment assumptions, and expected principal and interest payments over the estimated life of the portfolio, which will be affected by the pace and degree of improvements in the U.S. economy and housing markets and projected lifetime performance resulting from loan modification activity. Changes in the projected timing of cash flow events, including loan liquidations, modifications and short sales, can also affect the accretable yield and the estimated weighted-average life of the portfolio.
 
The predominant portion of our PCI loans is included in the Pick-a-Pay portfolio. For further information on the judgment involved in estimating expected cash flows for PCI loans, see the “Critical Accounting Policies – Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section and Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K.
For further information on the Pick-a-Pay portfolio, including recast risk, deferral of interest and loan modifications, see the "Risk Management - Credit Risk Management - Pick-a-Pay Portfolio" section in our 2014 Form 10-K.


31


Junior Lien Mortgage Portfolio  The junior lien mortgage portfolio consists of residential mortgage lines and loans that are subordinate in rights to an existing lien on the same property. It is not unusual for these lines and loans to have draw periods, interest only payments, balloon payments, adjustable rates and similar features. The majority of our junior lien loan products are amortizing payment loans with fixed interest rates and repayment periods between five to 30 years. 
We continuously monitor the credit performance of our junior lien mortgage portfolio for trends and factors that influence the frequency and severity of loss. We have observed that the severity of loss for junior lien mortgages is high and generally not affected by whether we or a third party own or service the related first lien mortgage, but the frequency of delinquency is typically lower when we own or service the first lien mortgage. In general, we have limited information available on the delinquency status of the third party owned or serviced senior lien where we also hold a junior lien. To capture this inherent loss content, we use the experience of our junior lien mortgages behind delinquent first liens that are owned or serviced by us adjusted for any observed differences in delinquency and loss rates associated with junior lien mortgages behind third party first lien mortgages. We incorporate this inherent loss content into our allowance for loan losses. Our allowance process for junior liens considers the relative
 
difference in loss experience for junior liens behind first lien mortgage loans we own or service, compared with those behind first lien mortgage loans owned or serviced by third parties. In addition, our allowance process for junior liens that are current, but are in their revolving period, considers the inherent loss where the borrower is delinquent on the corresponding first lien mortgage loans.
Table 21 shows the credit attributes of the core and liquidating junior lien mortgage portfolios and lists the top five states by outstanding balance for the core portfolio. Loans to California borrowers represent the largest state concentration in each of these portfolios. The decrease in outstanding balances since December 31, 2014, predominantly reflects loan paydowns. As of June 30, 2015, 19% of the outstanding balance of the junior lien mortgage portfolio was associated with loans that had a combined loan to value (CLTV) ratio in excess of 100%. Of those junior liens with a CLTV ratio in excess of 100%, 2.68% were two payments or more past due. CLTV means the ratio of the total loan balance of first mortgages and junior lien mortgages (including unused line amounts for credit line products) to property collateral value. The unsecured portion (the outstanding amount that was in excess of the most recent property collateral value) of the outstanding balances of these loans totaled 8% of the junior lien mortgage portfolio at June 30, 2015.

Table 21:  Junior Lien Mortgage Portfolios (1)
 
Outstanding balance
 
 
% of loans
two payments
or more past due
 
Loss rate
(annualized)
quarter ended
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014
 
Jun 30,
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

Core portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
14,604

 
15,535

 
1.92
%
 
2.07
 
0.17

 
0.30

 
0.33

 
0.44

 
0.47

Florida
5,002

 
5,283

 
2.50

 
2.96
 
0.75

 
1.10

 
1.22

 
1.29

 
1.23

New Jersey
4,530

 
4,705

 
3.10

 
3.43
 
1.03

 
1.15

 
1.37

 
1.38

 
1.45

Virginia
3,014

 
3,160

 
1.88

 
2.18
 
0.71

 
1.05

 
1.03

 
0.59

 
0.86

Pennsylvania
2,822

 
2,942

 
2.37

 
2.72
 
0.96

 
1.18

 
1.15

 
1.04

 
1.24

Other
23,484

 
25,006

 
2.04

 
2.20
 
0.65

 
0.84

 
0.78

 
0.83

 
1.05

Total
53,456

 
56,631

 
2.15

 
2.36
 
0.58

 
0.77

 
0.77

 
0.81

 
0.94

Liquidating portfolio
2,627

 
2,985

 
4.22

 
4.77
 
2.25

 
2.43

 
2.92

 
2.61

 
2.46

Total core and
liquidating portfolios
$
56,083

 
59,616

 
2.24
%
 
2.49
 
0.66

 
0.85

 
0.88

 
0.90

 
1.02

(1)
Excludes PCI loans because their losses were generally reflected in PCI accounting adjustments at the date of acquisition.

32

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Our junior lien, as well as first lien, lines of credit products generally have a draw period of 10 years (with some up to 15 or 20 years) with variable interest rate and payment options during the draw period of (1) interest only or (2) 1.5% of outstanding principal balance plus accrued interest. During the draw period, the borrower has the option of converting all or a portion of the line from a variable interest rate to a fixed rate with terms including interest-only payments for a fixed period between three to seven years or a fully amortizing payment with a fixed period between five to 30 years. At the end of the draw period, a line of credit generally converts to an amortizing payment schedule with repayment terms of up to 30 years based on the balance at time of conversion. Certain lines and loans have been structured with a balloon payment, which requires full repayment of the outstanding balance at the end of the term period. The conversion of lines or loans to fully amortizing or balloon payoff may result in a significant payment increase, which can affect some borrowers’ ability to repay the outstanding balance.
On a monthly basis, we monitor the payment characteristics of borrowers in our junior lien portfolio. In June 2015, approximately 47% of these borrowers paid only the minimum amount due and approximately 48% paid more than the minimum amount due. The rest were either delinquent or paid less than the minimum amount due. For the borrowers with an
 
interest only payment feature, approximately 38% paid only the minimum amount due and approximately 58% paid more than the minimum amount due.
The lines that enter their amortization period may experience higher delinquencies and higher loss rates than the ones in their draw or term period. We have considered this increased inherent risk in our allowance for credit loss estimate.
In anticipation of our borrowers reaching the end of their contractual commitment, we have created a program to inform, educate and help these borrowers transition from interest-only to fully-amortizing payments or full repayment. We monitor the performance of the borrowers moving through the program in an effort to refine our ongoing program strategy.
Table 22 reflects the outstanding balance of our portfolio of junior lien lines and loans and senior lien lines segregated into scheduled end of draw or end of term periods and products that are currently amortizing, or in balloon repayment status. It excludes real estate 1-4 family first lien line reverse mortgages, which total $2.3 billion, because they are predominantly insured by the FHA, and it excludes PCI loans, which total $110 million, because their losses were generally reflected in our nonaccretable difference established at the date of acquisition.

Table 22:  Junior Lien Mortgage Line and Loan and Senior Lien Mortgage Line Portfolios Payment Schedule
 
 
 
 
 
Scheduled end of draw / term
 
 
 
(in millions)
Outstanding balance
June 30, 2015

 
Remainder
of 2015

 
2016

 
2017

 
2018

 
2019

 
2020 and
thereafter (1)

 
Amortizing

Junior residential lines
$
49,816

 
2,739

 
5,656

 
6,059

 
3,291

 
1,294

 
24,846

 
5,931

Junior loans (2)
6,267

 
39

 
75

 
85

 
9

 
7

 
1,033

 
5,019

Total junior lien (3)(4)
56,083

 
2,778

 
5,731

 
6,144

 
3,300

 
1,301

 
25,879

 
10,950

First lien lines
16,688

 
555

 
820

 
869

 
1,000

 
436

 
11,505

 
1,503

Total (3)(4)
$
72,771

 
3,333

 
6,551

 
7,013

 
4,300

 
1,737

 
37,384

 
12,453

% of portfolios
100
%
 
5
%
 
9
%
 
10
%
 
6
%
 
2
%
 
51
%
 
17
%
(1)
The annual scheduled end of draw or term ranges from $1.6 billion to $9.4 billion and averages $5.3 billion per year for 2020 and thereafter. Loans that convert in 2025 and thereafter have draw periods that generally extend to 15 or 20 years.
(2)
Junior loans within the term period predominantly represent principal and interest products that require a balloon payment upon the end of the loan term. Amortizing junior loans include $62 million of balloon loans that have reached end of term and are now past due.
(3)
Lines in their draw period are predominantly interest-only. The unfunded credit commitments for junior and first lien lines totaled $68.8 billion at June 30, 2015.
(4)
Includes scheduled end-of-term balloon payments totaling $205 million, $325 million, $440 million, $478 million, $422 million and $1.8 billion for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 and thereafter, respectively. Amortizing lines include $133 million of end-of-term balloon payments, which are past due. At June 30, 2015, $425 million, or 6% of outstanding lines of credit that are amortizing, are 30 or more days past due compared to $1.1 billion, or 2% for lines in their draw period.

CREDIT CARDS  Our credit card portfolio totaled $31.1 billion at June 30, 2015, which represented 4% of our total outstanding loans. The net charge-off rate (annualized) for our credit card portfolio was 3.21% for second quarter 2015, compared with 3.20% for second quarter 2014 and 3.20% and 3.39% for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively.
 
AUTOMOBILE  Our automobile portfolio, predominantly composed of indirect loans, totaled $57.8 billion at June 30, 2015. The net charge-off rate (annualized) for our automobile portfolio was 0.48% for second quarter 2015, compared with 0.35% for second quarter 2014 and 0.60% and 0.52% for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively.

OTHER REVOLVING CREDIT AND INSTALLMENT Other revolving credit and installment loans totaled $37.5 billion at June 30, 2015, and primarily included student and security-based loans. Student loans totaled $12.0 billion at June 30, 2015. The net charge-off rate (annualized) for other revolving credit and installment loans was 1.26% for second quarter 2015, compared with 1.22% for second quarter 2014 and 1.29% and 1.26% for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively.



33


NONPERFORMING ASSETS (NONACCRUAL LOANS AND FORECLOSED ASSETS) Table 23 summarizes nonperforming assets (NPAs) for each of the last four quarters. The decrease in nonaccrual loans during second quarter 2015 reflected increases in commercial and industrial nonaccrual loans primarily due to deterioration in the oil and gas portfolio, which was more than offset by credit improvement across other portfolios, most significantly in real estate 1-4 family first mortgages.

We generally place loans on nonaccrual status when:
the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain (generally based on an assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and the adequacy of collateral, if any);
they are 90 days (120 days with respect to real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgages) past due for interest
 
or principal, unless both well-secured and in the process of collection;
part of the principal balance has been charged off (including loans discharged in bankruptcy);
for junior lien mortgages, we have evidence that the related first lien mortgage may be 120 days past due or in the process of foreclosure regardless of the junior lien delinquency status; or
performing consumer loans are discharged in bankruptcy, regardless of their delinquency status.



Table 23:  Nonperforming Assets (Nonaccrual Loans and Foreclosed Assets)
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
March 31, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
September 30, 2014
 
($ in millions)
 
Balance

 
% of
total
loans

 
Balance

 
% of
total
loans

 
Balance

 
% of
total
loans

 
Balance

 
% of
total
loans

Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
1,079

 
0.38
%
 
$
663

 
0.24
%
 
$
538

 
0.20
%
 
$
614

 
0.24
%
Real estate mortgage
 
1,250

 
1.04

 
1,324

 
1.18

 
1,490

 
1.33

 
1,636

 
1.46

Real estate construction
 
165

 
0.77

 
182

 
0.91

 
187

 
1.00

 
217

 
1.20

Lease financing
 
28

 
0.23

 
23

 
0.19

 
24

 
0.20

 
27

 
0.22

Total commercial (1)
 
2,522

 
0.58

 
2,192

 
0.53

 
2,239

 
0.54

 
2,494

 
0.63

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (2)
 
8,045

 
3.00

 
8,345

 
3.15

 
8,583

 
3.23

 
8,785

 
3.34

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
 
1,710

 
3.04

 
1,798

 
3.11

 
1,848

 
3.09

 
1,903

 
3.13

Automobile
 
126

 
0.22

 
133

 
0.24

 
137

 
0.25

 
143

 
0.26

Other revolving credit and installment
 
40

 
0.11

 
42

 
0.12

 
41

 
0.11

 
40

 
0.11

Total consumer
 
9,921

 
2.20

 
10,318

 
2.31

 
10,609

 
2.37

 
10,871

 
2.46

Total nonaccrual loans (3)(4)(5)
 
12,443

 
1.40

 
12,510

 
1.45

 
12,848

 
1.49

 
13,365

 
1.59

Foreclosed assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government insured/guaranteed (6)
 
588

 
 
 
772

 
 
 
982

 
 
 
1,140

 
 
Non-government insured/guaranteed
 
1,370

 
 
 
1,557

 
 
 
1,627

 
 
 
1,691

 
 
Total foreclosed assets
 
1,958

 
 
 
2,329

 
 
 
2,609

 
 
 
2,831

 
 
Total nonperforming assets
 
$
14,401

 
1.62
%
 
$
14,839

 
1.72
%
 
$
15,457

 
1.79
%
 
$
16,196

 
1.93
%
Change in NPAs from prior quarter
 
$
(438
)
 
 
 
(618
)
 
 
 
(739
)
 
 
 
(781
)
 
 
(1)
Includes LHFS of $0 million at June 30, 2015 and $1 million at March 31, 2015, December 31 and September 30, 2014.
(2)
Includes MHFS of $144 million, $144 million, $177 million, and $182 million at June 30 and March 31, 2015 and December 31 and September 30, 2014, respectively.
(3)
Excludes PCI loans because they continue to earn interest income from accretable yield, independent of performance in accordance with their contractual terms.
(4)
Real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans predominantly insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA and student loans predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program are not placed on nonaccrual status because they are insured or guaranteed.
(5)
See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report for further information on impaired loans.
(6)
Consistent with regulatory reporting requirements, foreclosed real estate resulting from government insured/guaranteed loans are classified as nonperforming. Both principal and interest related to these foreclosed real estate assets are collectible because the loans were predominantly insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Foreclosure of certain government guaranteed residential real estate mortgage loans that meet criteria specified by Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-14, Classification of Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans Upon Foreclosure, effective as of January 1, 2014 are excluded from this table and included in Accounts Receivable in Other Assets. For more information on ASU 2014-14 and the classification of certain government-guaranteed mortgage loans upon foreclosure, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K.



34

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Table 24 provides an analysis of the changes in nonaccrual loans.

Table 24:  Analysis of Changes in Nonaccrual Loans
 
Quarter ended
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

Commercial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
2,192

 
2,239

 
2,494

 
2,798

 
3,027

Inflows
840

 
496

 
410

 
342

 
433

Outflows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Returned to accruing
(20
)
 
(67
)
 
(64
)
 
(37
)
 
(81
)
Foreclosures
(11
)
 
(24
)
 
(45
)
 
(18
)
 
(32
)
Charge-offs
(117
)
 
(107
)
 
(141
)
 
(124
)
 
(120
)
Payments, sales and other (1)
(362
)
 
(345
)
 
(415
)
 
(467
)
 
(429
)
Total outflows
(510
)
 
(543
)
 
(665
)
 
(646
)
 
(662
)
Balance, end of period
2,522


2,192


2,239


2,494


2,798

Consumer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
10,318

 
10,609

 
10,871

 
11,174

 
11,623

Inflows
1,098

 
1,341

 
1,454

 
1,529

 
1,673

Outflows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Returned to accruing
(668
)
 
(686
)
 
(678
)
 
(817
)
 
(1,107
)
Foreclosures
(108
)
 
(111
)
 
(114
)
 
(148
)
 
(132
)
Charge-offs
(229
)
 
(265
)
 
(278
)
 
(289
)
 
(348
)
Payments, sales and other (1)
(490
)
 
(570
)
 
(646
)
 
(578
)
 
(535
)
Total outflows
(1,495
)
 
(1,632
)
 
(1,716
)
 
(1,832
)
 
(2,122
)
Balance, end of period
9,921


10,318


10,609


10,871


11,174

Total nonaccrual loans
$
12,443

 
12,510

 
12,848

 
13,365

 
13,972

(1)
Other outflows include the effects of VIE deconsolidations and adjustments for loans carried at fair value.

Typically, changes to nonaccrual loans period-over-period represent inflows for loans that are placed on nonaccrual status in accordance with our policy, offset by reductions for loans that are paid down, charged off, sold, foreclosed, or are no longer classified as nonaccrual as a result of continued performance and an improvement in the borrower’s financial condition and loan repayment capabilities. Also, reductions can come from borrower repayments even if the loan remains on nonaccrual.
While nonaccrual loans are not free of loss content, we believe exposure to loss is significantly mitigated by the following factors at June 30, 2015:
99% of total commercial nonaccrual loans and 99% of total consumer nonaccrual loans are secured. Of the consumer nonaccrual loans, 98% are secured by real estate and 72% have a combined LTV (CLTV) ratio of 80% or less.
losses of $429 million and $3.4 billion have already been recognized on 21% of commercial nonaccrual loans and 52% of consumer nonaccrual loans, respectively. Generally, when a consumer real estate loan is 120 days past due (except when required earlier by guidance issued by bank regulatory agencies), we transfer it to nonaccrual status. When the loan reaches 180 days past due, or is discharged in bankruptcy, it is our policy to write these loans down to net realizable value (fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell), except for modifications in their trial period that are not written down as long as trial payments are made on time. Thereafter, we reevaluate each loan regularly and record additional write-downs if needed.
 
76% of commercial nonaccrual loans were current on interest.
the risk of loss of all nonaccrual loans has been considered and we believe is adequately covered by the allowance for loan losses.
$2.0 billion of consumer loans discharged in bankruptcy and classified as nonaccrual were 60 days or less past due, of which $1.8 billion were current.

We continue to work with our customers experiencing financial difficulty to determine if they can qualify for a loan modification so that they can stay in their homes. Under both our proprietary modification programs and the MHA programs, customers may be required to provide updated documentation, and some programs require completion of payment during trial periods to demonstrate sustained performance before the loan can be removed from nonaccrual status. In addition, for loans in foreclosure in certain states, including New York and New Jersey, the foreclosure timeline has significantly increased due to backlogs in an already complex process. Therefore, some loans may remain on nonaccrual status for a long period.
Table 25 provides a summary of foreclosed assets and an analysis of changes in foreclosed assets.


35


Table 25:  Foreclosed Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

Summary by loan segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government insured/guaranteed
$
588

 
772

 
982

 
1,140

 
1,257

PCI loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
305

 
329

 
352

 
394

 
457

Consumer
160

 
197

 
212

 
214

 
208

Total PCI loans
465

 
526

 
564

 
608

 
665

All other loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
458

 
548

 
565

 
579

 
634

Consumer
447

 
483

 
498

 
504

 
449

Total all other loans
905

 
1,031

 
1,063

 
1,083

 
1,083

Total foreclosed assets
$
1,958

 
2,329

 
2,609

 
2,831

 
3,005

Analysis of changes in foreclosed assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
$
2,329

 
2,609

 
2,831

 
3,005

 
3,422

Net change in government insured/guaranteed (1)
(184
)
 
(210
)
 
(158
)
 
(117
)
 
(352
)
Additions to foreclosed assets (2)
300

 
356

 
362

 
364

 
421

Reductions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales
(531
)
 
(451
)
 
(462
)
 
(421
)
 
(493
)
Write-downs and gains (losses) on sales
44

 
25

 
36

 

 
7

Total reductions
(487
)
 
(426
)
 
(426
)
 
(421
)
 
(486
)
Balance, end of period
$
1,958

 
2,329

 
2,609

 
2,831

 
3,005

(1)
Foreclosed government insured/guaranteed loans are temporarily transferred to and held by us as servicer, until reimbursement is received from FHA or VA. The net change in government insured/guaranteed foreclosed assets is made up of inflows from mortgages held for investment and MHFS, and outflows when we are reimbursed by FHA/VA. Transfers from government insured/guaranteed loans to foreclosed assets amounted to $73 million, $49 million, $45 million, $41 million and $43 million for the quarters ended June 30 and March 31, 2015 and December 31, September 30, and June 30, 2014, respectively.
(2)
Predominantly include loans moved into foreclosure from nonaccrual status, PCI loans transitioned directly to foreclosed assets and repossessed automobiles.
Foreclosed assets at June 30, 2015, included $1.2 billion of foreclosed residential real estate that had collateralized commercial and consumer loans, of which 51% is predominantly FHA insured or VA guaranteed and expected to have minimal or no loss content. The remaining foreclosed assets balance of $800 million has been written down to estimated net realizable value. Foreclosed assets at June 30, 2015, decreased slightly, compared with December 31, 2014. Of the $2.0 billion in foreclosed assets at June 30, 2015, 33% have been in the foreclosed assets portfolio one year or less.



36

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS (TDRs)

Table 26:  Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015


Mar 31,
2015


Dec 31,
2014


Sep 30,
2014


Jun 30,
2014

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
808

 
779

 
724

 
836

 
950

Real estate mortgage
1,740

 
1,838

 
1,880

 
2,034

 
2,179

Real estate construction
236

 
247

 
314

 
328

 
391

Lease financing
2

 
2

 
2

 
3

 
5

Total commercial TDRs
2,786

 
2,866

 
2,920

 
3,201

 
3,525

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
17,692

 
18,003

 
18,226

 
18,366

 
18,582

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage
2,381

 
2,424

 
2,437

 
2,464

 
2,463

Credit Card
315

 
326

 
338

 
358

 
379

Automobile
112

 
124

 
127

 
135

 
151

Other revolving credit and installment
58

 
54

 
49

 
45

 
38

Trial modifications
450

 
432

 
452

 
473

 
469

Total consumer TDRs (1)
21,008

 
21,363

 
21,629

 
21,841

 
22,082

Total TDRs
$
23,794

 
24,229

 
24,549

 
25,042

 
25,607

TDRs on nonaccrual status
$
6,889

 
6,982

 
7,104

 
7,313

 
7,638

TDRs on accrual status (1)
16,905

 
17,247

 
17,445

 
17,729

 
17,969

Total TDRs
$
23,794

 
24,229

 
24,549

 
25,042

 
25,607

(1)
TDR loans include $1.9 billion, $2.1 billion, $2.1 billion, $2.1 billion, and $2.2 billion at June 30 and March 31, 2015, and December 31, September 30, and June 30, 2014, respectively, of government insured/guaranteed loans that are predominantly insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA and accruing.
 
Table 26 provides information regarding the recorded investment of loans modified in TDRs. The allowance for loan losses for TDRs was $3.2 billion and $3.6 billion at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information regarding TDRs. In those situations where principal is forgiven, the entire amount of such forgiveness is immediately charged off to the extent not done so prior to the modification. We sometimes delay the timing on the repayment of a portion of principal (principal forbearance) and charge off the amount of forbearance if that amount is not considered fully collectible.
For more information on our nonaccrual policies when a restructuring is involved, see the "Risk Management - Credit Risk Management - Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)" section of our 2014 Form 10-K.
 
Table 27 provides an analysis of the changes in TDRs. Loans modified more than once are reported as TDR inflows only in the period they are first modified. Other than resolutions such as foreclosures, sales and transfers to held for sale, we may remove loans held for investment from TDR classification, but only if they have been refinanced or restructured at market terms and qualify as a new loan.


37


Table 27:  Analysis of Changes in TDRs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of quarter
$
2,866

 
2,920

 
3,201

 
3,525

 
3,781

Inflows (1)
372

 
310

 
232

 
208

 
276

Outflows
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
(20
)
 
(26
)
 
(62
)
 
(42
)
 
(28
)
Foreclosures
(5
)
 
(11
)
 
(27
)
 
(12
)
 
(8
)
Payments, sales and other (2)
(427
)
 
(327
)
 
(424
)
 
(478
)
 
(496
)
Balance, end of quarter
2,786

 
2,866

 
2,920

 
3,201

 
3,525

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of quarter
21,363

 
21,629

 
21,841

 
22,082

 
22,698

Inflows (1)
747

 
755

 
957

 
946

 
1,003

Outflows
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
(71
)
 
(88
)
 
(99
)
 
(120
)
 
(139
)
Foreclosures
(242
)
 
(245
)
 
(252
)
 
(303
)
 
(283
)
Payments, sales and other (2)
(807
)
 
(668
)
 
(797
)
 
(768
)
 
(1,073
)
Net change in trial modifications (3)
18

 
(20
)
 
(21
)
 
4

 
(124
)
Balance, end of quarter
21,008

 
21,363

 
21,629

 
21,841

 
22,082

Total TDRs
$
23,794

 
24,229

 
24,549

 
25,042

 
25,607

(1)
Inflows include loans that both modify and resolve within the period as well as advances on loans that modified in a prior period.
(2)
Other outflows include normal amortization/accretion of loan basis adjustments and loans transferred to held-for-sale. No loans were removed from TDR classification for the quarters ended June 30 and March 31, 2015, and December 31, September 30 and June 30, 2014, as a result of being refinanced or restructured at market terms and qualifying as new loans.
(3)
Net change in trial modifications includes: inflows of new TDRs entering the trial payment period, net of outflows for modifications that either (i) successfully perform and enter into a permanent modification, or (ii) did not successfully perform according to the terms of the trial period plan and are subsequently charged-off, foreclosed upon or otherwise resolved. Our experience is that substantially all of the mortgages that enter a trial payment period program are successful in completing the program requirements.


38

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING
Loans 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal are still accruing if they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. PCI loans are not included in past due and still accruing loans even though they are 90 days or more contractually past due. These PCI loans are considered to be accruing because they continue to earn interest from accretable yield, independent of performance in accordance with their contractual terms.
Excluding insured/guaranteed loans, loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing at June 30, 2015, were down $164 million, or 18%, from December 31, 2014, due to payoffs, modifications and other loss mitigation activities, declines in non-strategic and liquidating portfolios, and credit stabilization.
 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing whose repayments are predominantly insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA for mortgages and the U.S. Department of Education for student loans under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) were $14.4 billion at June 30, 2015, down from $16.9 billion at December 31, 2014, due to seasonally lower delinquencies.
Table 28 reflects non-PCI loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed. For additional information on delinquencies by loan class, see Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.

Table 28:  Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
(in millions)
Jun 30, 2015

 
Mar 31, 2015

 
Dec 31, 2014

 
Sep 30, 2014

 
Jun 30, 2014

Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total (excluding PCI (1)):
$
15,161

 
16,344

 
17,810

 
18,295

 
18,582

Less: FHA insured/VA guaranteed (2)(3)
14,359

 
15,453

 
16,827

 
16,628

 
16,978

Less: Student loans guaranteed under the FFELP (4)
46

 
50

 
63

 
721

 
707

Total, not government insured/guaranteed
$
756

 
841

 
920

 
946

 
897

By segment and class, not government insured/guaranteed:
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
17

 
31

 
31

 
35

 
52

Real estate mortgage
10

 
43

 
16

 
37

 
53

Real estate construction

 

 

 
18

 
16

Total commercial
27


74


47


90


121

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage (3)
220

 
221

 
260

 
327

 
311

Real estate 1-4 family junior lien mortgage (3)
65

 
55

 
83

 
78

 
70

Credit card
304

 
352

 
364

 
302

 
266

Automobile
51

 
47

 
73

 
64

 
48

Other revolving credit and installment
89

 
92

 
93

 
85

 
81

Total consumer
729

 
767


873


856


776

Total, not government insured/guaranteed
$
756

 
841


920


946


897

(1)
PCI loans totaled $3.4 billion, $3.6 billion, $3.7 billion, $4.0 billion, and $4.0 billion at June 30 and March 31, 2015, and December 31, September 30, and June 30, 2014, respectively.
(2)
Represents loans whose repayments are predominantly insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA.
(3)
Includes mortgages held for sale 90 days or more past due and still accruing.
(4)
Represents loans whose repayments are predominantly guaranteed by agencies on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education under the FFELP. In fourth quarter 2014, substantially all government guaranteed loans were sold.



39


NET CHARGE-OFFS
Table 29:  Net Charge-offs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended 
 
 
Jun 30, 2015
 
 
Mar 31, 2015
 
 
Dec 31, 2014
 
 
Sep 30, 2014
 
 
Jun 30, 2014
 
($ in millions)
Net loan
charge-
offs

 
% of 
avg. 
loans(1) 

 
Net loan
charge-
offs

 
% of  
avg.  
loans (1)

 
Net loan
charge
offs

 
% of avg. loans (1)

 
Net loan
charge-offs

 
% of
avg. loans (1)

 
Net loan
charge-offs

 
% of
avg.
loans (1)

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
81

 
0.12
 %
 
$
64

 
0.10
 %
 
$
82

 
0.12
 %
 
$
67

 
0.11
 %
 
$
60

 
0.10
 %
Real estate mortgage
(15
)
 
(0.05
)
 
(11
)
 
(0.04
)
 
(25
)
 
(0.09
)
 
(37
)
 
(0.13
)
 
(10
)
 
(0.04
)
Real estate construction
(6
)
 
(0.11
)
 
(9
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(26
)
 
(0.56
)
 
(58
)
 
(1.27
)
 
(20
)
 
(0.47
)
Lease financing
2

 
0.06

 

 

 
1

 
0.05

 
4

 
0.10

 
1

 
0.05

Total commercial
62

 
0.06

 
44

 
0.04

 
32

 
0.03

 
(24
)
 
(0.02
)
 
31

 
0.03

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family
first mortgage
67

 
0.10

 
83

 
0.13

 
88

 
0.13

 
114

 
0.17

 
137

 
0.21

Real estate 1-4 family
junior lien mortgage
94

 
0.66

 
123

 
0.85

 
134

 
0.88

 
140

 
0.90

 
160

 
1.02

Credit card
243

 
3.21

 
239

 
3.19

 
221

 
2.97

 
201

 
2.87

 
211

 
3.20

Automobile
68

 
0.48

 
101

 
0.73

 
132

 
0.94

 
112

 
0.81

 
46

 
0.35

Other revolving credit and
installment
116

 
1.26

 
118

 
1.32

 
128

 
1.45

 
125

 
1.46

 
132

 
1.22

Total consumer
588

 
0.53

 
664

 
0.60

 
703

 
0.63

 
692

 
0.62

 
686

 
0.62

Total
$
650

 
0.30
 %
 
$
708

 
0.33
 %
 
$
735

 
0.34
 %
 
$
668

 
0.32
 %
 
$
717

 
0.35
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Quarterly net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average respective loans are annualized.

Table 29 presents net charge-offs for second quarter 2015 and the previous four quarters. Net charge-offs in second quarter 2015 were $650 million (0.30% of average total loans outstanding) compared with $717 million (0.35%) in second quarter 2014.
Due to higher dollar amounts associated with individual commercial and industrial and CRE loans, loss recognition tends to be irregular and varies more, compared with consumer loan portfolios. We continued to have improvement in our residential real estate secured portfolios.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES  The allowance for credit losses, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments, is management’s estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and unfunded credit commitments at the balance sheet date, excluding loans carried at fair value. The detail of the changes in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment (including charge-offs and recoveries by loan class) is in Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
 
We apply a disciplined process and methodology to establish our allowance for credit losses each quarter. This process takes into consideration many factors, including historical and forecasted loss trends, loan-level credit quality ratings and loan grade-specific characteristics. The process involves subjective and complex judgments. In addition, we review a variety of credit metrics and trends. These credit metrics and trends, however, do not solely determine the amount of the allowance as we use several analytical tools. Our estimation approach for the commercial portfolio reflects the estimated probability of default in accordance with the borrower’s financial strength, and the severity of loss in the event of default, considering the quality of any underlying collateral. Probability of default and severity at the time of default are statistically derived through historical observations of defaults and losses after default within each credit risk rating. Our estimation approach for the consumer portfolio uses forecasted losses that represent our best estimate of inherent loss based on historical experience, quantitative and other mathematical techniques over the loss emergence period. For additional information on our allowance for credit losses, see the “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” section in our 2014 Form 10-K and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Table 30 presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses by loan segment and class for the most recent quarter end and last four year ends.


40

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

Table 30:  Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL)
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
(in millions)
ACL

 
Loans
as %
of total
loans

 
ACL

 
Loans
as %
of total
loans

 
ACL

 
Loans
as %
of total
loans

 
ACL

 
Loans
as %
of total
loans

 
ACL

 
Loans
as %
of total
loans

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
3,557

 
32
%
 
$
3,506

 
32
%
 
$
3,040

 
29
%
 
$
2,789

 
28
%
 
$
2,810

 
27
%
Real estate mortgage
1,321

 
14

 
1,576

 
13

 
2,157

 
14

 
2,284

 
13

 
2,570

 
14

Real estate construction
1,225

 
2

 
1,097

 
2

 
775

 
2

 
552

 
2

 
893

 
2

Lease financing
176

 
1

 
198

 
1

 
131

 
1

 
89

 
2

 
85

 
2

Total commercial
6,279

 
49

 
6,377

 
48

 
6,103

 
46

 
5,714

 
45

 
6,358

 
45

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate 1-4 family first mortgage
2,388

 
30

 
2,878

 
31

 
4,087

 
32

 
6,100

 
31

 
6,934

 
30

Real estate 1-4 family
junior lien mortgage
1,564

 
6

 
1,566

 
7

 
2,534

 
8

 
3,462

 
10

 
3,897

 
11

Credit card
1,232

 
4

 
1,271

 
4

 
1,224

 
3

 
1,234

 
3

 
1,294

 
3

Automobile
542

 
7

 
516

 
6

 
475

 
6

 
417

 
6

 
555

 
6

Other revolving credit and installment
609

 
4

 
561

 
4

 
548

 
5

 
550

 
5

 
630

 
5

Total consumer
6,335

 
51

 
6,792

 
52

 
8,868

 
54

 
11,763

 
55

 
13,310

 
55

Total
$
12,614

 
100
%
 
$
13,169

 
100
%
 
$
14,971

 
100
%
 
$
17,477

 
100
%
 
$
19,668

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
Components:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
11,754
 
 
12,319
 
 
14,502
 
 
17,060
 
 
19,372
 
Allowance for unfunded
credit commitments
860
 
 
850
 
 
469
 
 
417
 
 
296
 
Allowance for credit losses
$
12,614
 
 
13,169
 
 
14,971
 
 
17,477
 
 
19,668
 
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans
1.32
%
 
1.43
 
 
1.76
 
 
2.13
 
 
2.52
 
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total net charge-offs (1)
451
 
 
418
 
 
322
 
 
189
 
 
171
 
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans
1.42
 
 
1.53
 
 
1.82
 
 
2.19
 
 
2.56
 
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total nonaccrual loans
101
 
 
103
 
 
96
 
 
85
 
 
92
 
(1)
Total net charge-offs are annualized for quarter ended June 30, 2015.

In addition to the allowance for credit losses, there was $3.0 billion at June 30, 2015, and $2.9 billion at December 31, 2014, of nonaccretable difference to absorb losses for PCI loans. The allowance for credit losses is lower than otherwise would have been required without PCI loan accounting. As a result of PCI loans, certain ratios of the Company may not be directly comparable with credit-related metrics for other financial institutions. Additionally, loans purchased at fair value generally reflect a lifetime credit loss adjustment and therefore do not initially require additions to the allowance as is typically associated with loan growth. For additional information on PCI loans, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans” section and Note 5 (Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses) to Financial Statements in this Report.
The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total nonaccrual loans may fluctuate significantly from period to period due to such factors as the mix of loan types in the portfolio, borrower credit strength and the value and marketability of collateral. Over one-half of nonaccrual loans were real estate 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgage loans at June 30, 2015.
 
The allowance for credit losses declined in second quarter 2015, which reflected continued credit improvement, particularly in residential real estate portfolios and primarily associated with continued improvement in the housing market. Total provision for credit losses was $300 million in second quarter 2015, compared with $217 million in second quarter 2014.
We believe the allowance for credit losses of $12.6 billion at June 30, 2015, was appropriate to cover credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio, including unfunded credit commitments, at that date. The allowance for credit losses is subject to change and reflects existing factors as of the date of determination, including economic or market conditions and ongoing internal and external examination processes. Due to the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in the economic and business environment, it is possible that we will incur incremental credit losses not anticipated as of the balance sheet date. Future allowance levels may increase or decrease based on a variety of factors, including loan growth, portfolio performance and general economic conditions. Our process for determining the allowance for credit losses is discussed in the “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses” section and Note 1 (Summary of


41


Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K.
LIABILITY FOR MORTGAGE LOAN REPURCHASE LOSSES 
In connection with our sales and securitization of residential mortgage loans to various parties, we have established a mortgage repurchase liability, initially at fair value, related to various representations and warranties that reflect management’s estimate of losses for loans for which we could have a repurchase obligation, whether or not we currently service those loans, based on a combination of factors. Our mortgage repurchase liability estimation process also incorporates a forecast of repurchase demands associated with mortgage insurance rescission activity.
Because we retain the servicing for most of the mortgage loans we sell or securitize, we believe the quality of our residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio provides helpful information in
 
evaluating our repurchase liability. Of the $1.7 trillion in the residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio at June 30, 2015, 95% was current and less than 2% was subprime at origination. Our combined delinquency and foreclosure rate on this portfolio was 5.13% at June 30, 2015, compared with 5.79% at December 31, 2014. Three percent of this portfolio is private label securitizations for which we originated the loans and therefore have some repurchase risk.
The overall level of unresolved repurchase demands and mortgage insurance rescissions outstanding at June 30, 2015, was down from a year ago both in number of outstanding loans and in total dollar balances as we continued to work through the new demands and mortgage insurance rescissions.
Table 31 provides the number of unresolved repurchase demands and mortgage insurance rescissions.

Table 31:  Unresolved Repurchase Demands and Mortgage Insurance Rescissions
 
Government
sponsored entities
 
 
Private
 
 
Mortgage insurance
rescissions with no demand (1)
 
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Number of
loans

 
Original loan
balance (2)

 
Number of
loans

 
Original loan
balance (2)

 
Number of
loans

 
Original loan
balance (2)

 
Number of
loans

 
Original loan
balance (2)

2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
385

 
$
83

 
148

 
$
24

 
107

 
$
27

 
640

 
$
134

March 31,
526

 
$
118

 
161

 
$
29

 
108

 
$
28

 
795

 
$
175

2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31,
546

 
118

 
173

 
34

 
120

 
31

 
839

 
183

September 30,
426

 
93

 
322

 
75

 
233

 
52

 
981

 
220

June 30,
678

 
149

 
362

 
80

 
305

 
66

 
1,345

 
295

March 31,
599

 
126

 
391

 
89

 
409

 
90

 
1,399

 
305

(1)
As part of our representations and warranties in our loan sales contracts, we typically represent to GSEs and private investors that certain loans have mortgage insurance to the extent there are loans that have loan to value ratios in excess of 80% that require mortgage insurance. If the mortgage insurance is rescinded by the mortgage insurer due to a claim of breach of a contractual representation or warranty, the lack of insurance may result in a repurchase demand from an investor. Similar to repurchase demands, we evaluate mortgage insurance rescission notices for validity and appeal for reinstatement if the rescission was not based on a contractual breach. When investor demands are received due to lack of mortgage insurance, they are reported as unresolved repurchase demands based on the applicable investor category for the loan (GSE or private).
(2)
While the original loan balances related to these demands are presented above, the establishment of the repurchase liability is based on a combination of factors, such as our appeals success rates, reimbursement by correspondent and other third party originators, and projected loss severity, which is driven by the difference between the current loan balance and the estimated collateral value less costs to sell the property.

Table 32 summarizes the changes in our mortgage repurchase liability.

Table 32:  Changes in Mortgage Repurchase Liability
 
Quarter ended
 
 
Six months ended
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2015

 
Jun 30
2014

Balance, beginning of period
$
586

 
615

 
669

 
766

 
799

 
615

 
899

Provision for repurchase losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan sales
13

 
10

 
10

 
12

 
12

 
23

 
22

Change in estimate (1)
(31
)
 
(26
)
 
(49
)
 
(93
)
 
(38
)
 
(57
)
 
(42
)
Total additions (reductions)
(18
)
 
(16
)
 
(39
)
 
(81
)
 
(26
)
 
(34
)
 
(20
)
Losses
(11
)
 
(13
)
 
(15
)
 
(16
)
 
(7
)
 
(24
)
 
(113
)
Balance, end of period
$
557

 
586

 
615

 
669

 
766

 
557

 
766

(1)
Results from changes in investor demand, mortgage insurer practices, credit and the financial stability of correspondent lenders.

Our liability for mortgage repurchases, included in “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet, represents our best estimate of the probable loss that we expect to incur for various representations and warranties in the contractual provisions of our sales of mortgage loans. The liability was $557 million at June 30, 2015 and $766 million at June 30, 2014. In second quarter 2015, we released $18 million, which increased net gains on mortgage loan origination/sales activities, compared with a release of $26 million in second
 
quarter 2014. The release in second quarter 2015 was primarily due to a re-estimation of our liability based on recently observed trends.
Total losses charged to the repurchase liability were $11 million in second quarter 2015, compared with $7 million a year ago.
Because of the uncertainty in the various estimates underlying the mortgage repurchase liability, there is a range of losses in excess of the recorded mortgage repurchase liability that


42

Risk Management - Credit Risk Management (continued)

are reasonably possible. The estimate of the range of possible loss for representations and warranties does not represent a probable loss, and is based on currently available information, significant judgment, and a number of assumptions that are subject to change. The high end of this range of reasonably possible losses in excess of our recorded liability was $934 million at June 30, 2015, and was determined based upon modifying the assumptions (particularly to assume significant changes in investor repurchase demand practices) used in our best estimate of probable loss to reflect what we believe to be the high end of reasonably possible adverse assumptions.
For additional information on our repurchase liability, see the “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Liability For Mortgage Loan Repurchase Losses” section in our 2014 Form 10-K and Note 8 (Mortgage Banking Activities) to Financial Statements in this Report.

RISKS RELATING TO SERVICING ACTIVITIES In addition to servicing loans in our portfolio, we act as servicer and/or master servicer of residential mortgage loans included in GSE-guaranteed mortgage securitizations, GNMA-guaranteed mortgage securitizations of FHA-insured/VA-guaranteed mortgages and private label mortgage securitizations, as well as for unsecuritized loans owned by institutional investors.
In connection with our servicing activities we have entered into various settlements with federal and state regulators to resolve certain alleged servicing issues and practices. In general, these settlements required us to provide customers with loan modification relief, refinancing relief, and foreclosure prevention and assistance, as well as imposed certain monetary penalties on us.    
    
 
In particular, on February 28, 2013, we entered into amendments to an April 2011 Consent Order with both the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the FRB, which effectively ceased the Independent Foreclosure Review program created by such Consent Order and replaced it with an accelerated remediation commitment to provide foreclosure prevention actions on $1.2 billion of residential mortgage loans, subject to a process to be administered by the OCC and the FRB. During 2014, we reported sufficient foreclosure prevention actions to the monitor of the accelerated remediation process to meet the $1.2 billion financial commitment.    
In June 2015, we entered into an additional amendment to the April 2011 Consent Order with the OCC to address 15 of the 98 actionable items contained in the April 2011 Consent Order that were still considered open. This amendment requires that we remediate certain activities associated with our mortgage loan servicing practices and allows for the OCC to take additional supervisory action, including possible civil money penalties, if we do not comply with the terms of this amended Consent Order. In addition, this amendment prohibits us from acquiring new mortgage servicing rights or entering into new mortgage servicing contracts, other than mortgage servicing associated with originating mortgage loans or purchasing loans from correspondent clients in our normal course of business. Additionally, this amendment prohibits any new off-shoring of new mortgage servicing activities and requires OCC approval to outsource or sub-service any new mortgage servicing activities.
For additional information about the risks and various settlements related to our servicing activities, see “Risk Management – Credit Risk Management – Risks Relating to Servicing Activities” in our 2014 Form 10-K.


43


Asset/Liability Management
Asset/liability management involves evaluating, monitoring and managing interest rate risk, market risk, liquidity and funding. Primary oversight of interest rate risk and market risk resides with the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors (Board), which oversees the administration and effectiveness of financial risk management policies and processes used to assess and manage these risks. Primary oversight of liquidity and funding resides with the Risk Committee of the Board. At the management level we utilize a Corporate Asset/Liability Management Committee (Corporate ALCO), which consists of senior financial, risk, and business executives, to oversee these risks and report on them periodically to the Board’s Finance Committee and Risk Committee as appropriate. Each of our principal lines of business has its own asset/liability management committee and process linked to the Corporate ALCO process. As discussed in more detail for trading activities below, we employ separate management level oversight specific to market risk. Market risk, in its broadest sense, refers to the possibility that losses will result from the impact of adverse changes in market rates and prices on our trading and non-trading portfolios and financial instruments.
 
INTEREST RATE RISK Interest rate risk, which potentially can have a significant earnings impact, is an integral part of being a financial intermediary. We are subject to interest rate risk because:
assets and liabilities may mature or reprice at different times (for example, if assets reprice faster than liabilities and interest rates are generally falling, earnings will initially decline);
assets and liabilities may reprice at the same time but by different amounts (for example, when the general level of interest rates is falling, we may reduce rates paid on checking and savings deposit accounts by an amount that is less than the general decline in market interest rates);
short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts (for example, the shape of the yield curve may affect new loan yields and funding costs differently);
the remaining maturity of various assets or liabilities may shorten or lengthen as interest rates change (for example, if long-term mortgage interest rates decline sharply, MBS held in the investment securities portfolio may prepay significantly earlier than anticipated, which could reduce portfolio income); or
interest rates may also have a direct or indirect effect on loan demand, collateral values, credit losses, mortgage origination volume, the fair value of MSRs and other financial instruments, the value of the pension liability and other items affecting earnings.
 
We assess interest rate risk by comparing outcomes under various earnings simulations using many interest rate scenarios that differ in the direction of interest rate changes, the degree of change over time, the speed of change and the projected shape of the yield curve. These simulations require assumptions regarding how changes in interest rates and related market conditions could influence drivers of earnings and balance sheet composition such as loan origination demand, prepayment speeds, deposit balances and mix, as well as pricing strategies.
 
Our risk measures include both net interest income sensitivity and interest rate sensitive noninterest income and expense impacts. We refer to the combination of these exposures as interest rate sensitive earnings. In general, the Company is positioned to benefit from higher interest rates. Currently, our profile is such that net interest income will benefit from higher interest rates as our assets reprice faster and to a greater degree than our liabilities, and, in response to lower market rates, our assets will reprice downward and to a greater degree than our liabilities. Our interest rate sensitive noninterest income and expense is largely driven by mortgage activity, and tends to move in the opposite direction of our net interest income. So, in response to higher interest rates, mortgage activity, primarily refinancing activity, generally declines. And in response to lower rates, mortgage activity generally increases. Mortgage results in our simulations are also impacted by the valuation of MSRs and related hedge positions. See the “Risk Management – Mortgage Banking Interest Rate and Market Risk” section in this Report for more information.
The degree to which these sensitivities offset each other is dependent upon the timing and magnitude of changes in interest rates, and the slope of the yield curve. During a transition to a higher or lower interest rate environment, a reduction or increase in interest-sensitive earnings from the mortgage banking business could occur quickly, while the benefit or detriment from balance sheet repricing could take more time to develop. For example, our lower rate scenarios (scenario 1 and scenario 2) in the following table initially measure a decline in long-term interest rates versus our most likely scenario. Although the performance in these rate scenarios contain initial benefit from increased mortgage banking activity, the result is lower earnings relative to the most likely scenario over time given pressure on net interest income. The higher rate scenarios (scenario 3 and scenario 4) measure the impact of varying degrees of rising short-term and long-term interest rates over the course of the forecast horizon relative to the most likely scenario, both resulting in positive earnings sensitivity.
As of June 30, 2015, our most recent simulations estimate earnings at risk over the next 24 months under a range of both lower and higher interest rates. The results of the simulations are summarized in Table 33, indicating cumulative net income after tax earnings sensitivity relative to the most likely earnings plan over the 24 month horizon (a positive range indicates a beneficial earnings sensitivity measurement relative to the most likely earnings plan and a negative range indicates a detrimental earnings sensitivity relative to the most likely earnings plan). 


44

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Table 33:  Earnings Sensitivity Over 24 Month Horizon Relative to Most Likely Earnings Plan
 
Most

Lower rates
 
Higher rates
 
likely

Scenario 1
Scenario 2
 
Scenario 3
 
Scenario 4
Ending rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds
2.11
%
0.25
1.85
 
2.36
 
5.00
10-year treasury (1)
3.55

1.80
3.05
 
4.05
 
5.95
Earnings relative to most likely
N/A

(0)-(1)%
(0)-(1)
 
0 - 5
 
0 - 5
(1)
U.S. Constant Maturity Treasury Rate

We use the investment securities portfolio and exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) interest rate derivatives to hedge our interest rate exposures. See the “Balance Sheet Analysis – Investment Securities” section in this Report for more information on the use of the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities portfolios. The notional or contractual amount, credit risk amount and fair value of the derivatives used to hedge our interest rate risk exposures as of June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, are presented in Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report. We use derivatives for asset/liability management in two main ways:
to convert the cash flows from selected asset and/or liability instruments/portfolios including investments, commercial loans and long-term debt, from fixed-rate payments to floating-rate payments, or vice versa; and
to economically hedge our mortgage origination pipeline, funded mortgage loans and MSRs using interest rate swaps, swaptions, futures, forwards and options.
 
MORTAGE BANKING INTEREST RATE AND MARKET RISK  We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subjects us to various risks, including credit, liquidity and interest rate risks. For a discussion of mortgage banking interest rate and market risk, see pages 87-89 of our 2014 Form 10-K.
While our hedging activities are designed to balance our mortgage banking interest rate risks, the financial instruments we use may not perfectly correlate with the values and income being hedged. For example, the change in the value of ARM production held for sale from changes in mortgage interest rates may or may not be fully offset by Treasury and LIBOR index-based financial instruments used as economic hedges for such ARMs. Additionally, hedge-carry income on our economic hedges for the MSRs may not continue if the spread between short-term and long-term rates decreases, we shift composition of the hedge to more interest rate swaps, or there are other changes in the market for mortgage forwards that affect the implied carry.
The total carrying value of our residential and commercial MSRs was $13.9 billion at June 30, 2015, and $14.0 billion at December 31, 2014. The weighted-average note rate on our portfolio of loans serviced for others was 4.41% at June 30, 2015, and 4.45% at December 31, 2014. The carrying value of our total MSRs represented 0.77% of mortgage loans serviced for others at June 30, 2015, and 0.75% at December 31, 2014.
 
 
MARKET RISK - TRADING ACTIVITIES  The Finance Committee of our Board of Directors reviews the acceptable market risk appetite for our trading activities. We engage in trading activities primarily to accommodate the investment and risk management activities of our customers (which involves transactions that are recorded as trading assets and liabilities on our balance sheet), to execute economic hedging to manage certain balance sheet risks and, to a very limited degree, for proprietary trading for our own account. These activities primarily occur within our Wholesale businesses and to a lesser extent other divisions of the Company. All of our trading assets and liabilities, including securities, foreign exchange transactions, commodity transactions, and derivatives are carried at fair value. Income earned related to these trading activities include net interest income and changes in fair value related to trading assets and liabilities. Net interest income earned on trading assets and liabilities is reflected in the interest income and interest expense components of our income statement. Changes in fair value of trading assets and liabilities are reflected in net gains on trading activities, a component of noninterest income in our income statement.
Table 34 presents total revenue from trading activities.

Table 34:  Income from Trading Activities
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
Six months
ended June 30,
 
(in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

Interest income (1)
 
$
483

 
407

 
928

 
781

Less: Interest expense (2)
 
83

 
93

 
180

 
180

Net interest income
 
400

 
314

 
748

 
601

Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains from trading activities (3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer accommodation
 
258

 
242

 
555

 
602

Economic hedges and other (4)
 
(125
)
 
142

 
(14
)
 
208

Proprietary trading
 

 
(2
)
 

 
4

Total net trading gains
 
133

 
382

 
541

 
814

Total trading-related net interest and noninterest income
 
$
533

 
696

 
1,289

 
1,415

(1)
Represents interest and dividend income earned on trading securities.
(2)
Represents interest and dividend expense incurred on trading securities we have sold but have not yet purchased.
(3)
Represents realized gains (losses) from our trading activity and unrealized gains (losses) due to changes in fair value of our trading positions, attributable to the type of business activity.
(4)
Excludes economic hedging of mortgage banking and asset/liability management activities, for which hedge results (realized and unrealized) are reported with the respective hedged activities.
Customer accommodation  Customer accommodation activities are conducted to help customers manage their investment and risk management needs. We engage in market-making activities or act as an intermediary to purchase or sell financial instruments in anticipation of or in response to customer needs. This category also includes positions we use to manage our exposure to customer transactions.
For the majority of our customer accommodation trading, we serve as intermediary between buyer and seller. For example, we may purchase or sell a derivative to a customer who wants to manage interest rate risk exposure. We typically enter into offsetting derivative or security positions with a separate counterparty or exchange to manage our exposure to the derivative with our customer. We earn income on this activity based on the transaction price difference between the customer


45


and offsetting derivative or security positions, which is reflected in the fair value changes of the positions recorded in net gains on trading activities.
Customer accommodation trading also includes net gains related to market-making activities in which we take positions to facilitate customer order flow. For example, we may own securities recorded as trading assets (long positions) or sold securities we have not yet purchased, recorded as trading liabilities (short positions), typically on a short-term basis, to facilitate support of buying and selling demand from our customers. As a market maker in these securities, we earn income due to: (1) the difference between the price paid or received for the purchase and sale of the security (bid-ask spread), (2) the net interest income, and (3) the change in fair value of the long or short positions during the short-term period held on our balance sheet. Additionally, we may enter into separate derivative or security positions to manage our exposure related to our long or short security positions. Income earned on this type of market-making activity is reflected in the fair value changes of these positions recorded in net gains on trading activities.

Economic hedges and other  Economic hedges in trading are not designated in a hedge accounting relationship and exclude economic hedging related to our asset/liability risk management and substantially all mortgage banking risk management activities. Economic hedging activities include the use of trading securities to economically hedge risk exposures related to non-trading activities or derivatives to hedge risk exposures related to trading assets or trading liabilities. Economic hedges are unrelated to our customer accommodation activities. Other activities include financial assets held for investment purposes that we elected to carry at fair value with changes in fair value recorded to earnings in order to mitigate accounting measurement mismatches or avoid embedded derivative accounting complexities.
 
Proprietary trading  Proprietary trading consists of security or derivative positions executed for our own account based upon market expectations or to benefit from price differences between financial instruments and markets. Proprietary trading activity has been substantially restricted by the Dodd-Frank Act provisions known as the “Volcker Rule.” Accordingly, we reduced and have exited certain business activities in anticipation of the rule’s compliance date. As discussed within this section and the noninterest income section of our financial results, proprietary trading activity is insignificant to our business and financial results. For more details on the Volcker Rule, see the “Regulatory Reform” section in our 2014 Form 10-K.
 
Daily Trading-Related Revenue  Table 35 provides information on the distribution of daily trading-related revenues for the Company’s trading portfolio. This trading-related revenue is defined as the change in value of the trading assets and trading liabilities, trading-related net interest income, and trading-related intra-day gains and losses. Net trading-related revenue does not include activity related to long-term positions held for economic hedging purposes, period-end adjustments, and other activity not representative of daily price changes driven by market factors.


46

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Table 35:  Distribution of Daily Trading-Related Revenues 

Market risk is the risk of possible economic loss from adverse changes in market risk factors such as interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates, equity, commodity prices, mortgage rates, and market liquidity. Market risk is intrinsic to the Company’s sales and trading, market making, investing, and risk management activities.
The Company uses Value-at-Risk (VaR) metrics complemented with sensitivity analysis and stress testing in measuring and monitoring market risk. These market risk measures are monitored at both the business unit level and at aggregated levels on a daily basis. Our corporate market risk management function aggregates and monitors all exposures to ensure risk measures are within our established risk appetite. Changes to the market risk profile are analyzed and reported on a daily basis. The Company monitors various market risk exposure measures from a variety of perspectives, which include line of business, product, risk type, and legal entity.
 
VaR is a statistical risk measure used to estimate the potential loss from adverse moves in the financial markets. The VaR measures assume that historical changes in market values (historical simulation analysis) are representative of the potential future outcomes and measure the expected loss over a given time interval (for example, 1 day or 10 days) at a given confidence level. Our historical simulation analysis approach uses historical observations of daily changes in each of the market risk factors from each trading day in the previous 12 months. The risk drivers of each market risk exposure are updated on a daily basis. We measure and report VaR for 1-day and 10-day holding periods at a 99% confidence level. This means that we would expect to incur single day losses greater than predicted by VaR estimates for the measured positions one time in every 100 trading days. We treat
 
data from all historical periods as equally relevant and consider using data for the previous 12 months as appropriate for determining VaR. We believe using a 12-month look back period helps ensure the Company’s VaR is responsive to current market conditions.
VaR measurement between different financial institutions is not readily comparable due to modeling and assumption differences from company to company. VaR measures are more useful when interpreted as an indication of trends rather than an absolute measure to be compared across financial institutions.
VaR models are subject to limitations which include, but are not limited to, the use of historical changes in market factors that may not accurately reflect future changes in market factors, and the inability to predict market liquidity in extreme market conditions. All limitations such as model inputs, model assumptions, and calculation methodology risk are monitored by the Corporate Market Risk Group and the Corporate Model Risk Group.
The VaR models measure exposure to the following categories:
credit risk – exposures from corporate credit spreads, asset-backed security spreads, and mortgage prepayments.
interest rate risk – exposures from changes in the level, slope, and curvature of interest rate curves and the volatility of interest rates.
equity risk – exposures to changes in equity prices and volatilities of single name, index, and basket exposures.
commodity risk – exposures to changes in commodity prices and volatilities.


47


foreign exchange risk – exposures to changes in foreign exchange rates and volatilities.

 VaR is a primary market risk management measure for the assets and liabilities classified as trading and is used as a supplemental analysis tool to monitor exposures classified as available for sale (AFS) and other exposures that we carry at fair value.
Trading VaR is the measure used to provide insight into the market risk exhibited by the Company’s trading positions. The Company calculates Trading VaR for risk management purposes
 
to establish line of business and Company-wide risk limits. Trading VaR is calculated based on all trading positions classified as trading assets or trading liabilities on our balance sheet.
Table 36 shows the results of the Company’s Trading General VaR by risk category. As presented in the table, average Trading General VaR was $16 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, compared with $18 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily driven by changes in portfolio composition.


Table 36:  Trading 1-Day 99% General VaR Risk Category
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
March 31, 2015
 
(in millions)
Period
end

 
Average

 
Low

 
High

 
Period
end

 
Average

 
Low

 
High

Company Trading General VaR Risk Categories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit
$
18

 
17

 
10

 
22

 
14

 
11

 
7

 
19

Interest rate
18

 
14

 
7

 
21

 
20

 
15

 
6

 
28

Equity
15

 
11

 
8

 
15

 
9

 
10

 
8

 
11

Commodity
1

 
1

 
1

 
2

 
1

 
1

 

 
2

Foreign exchange
1

 
1

 

 
7

 
1

 
1

 

 
1

Diversification benefit (1)
(38
)
 
(28
)
 
 
 
 
 
(27
)
 
(20
)
 
 
 
 
Company Trading General VaR
$
15

 
16

 
 
 
 
 
18

 
18

 
 
 
 
(1)
The period-end VaR was less than the sum of the VaR components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect arises because the risks are not perfectly correlated causing a portfolio of positions to usually be less risky than the sum of the risks of the positions alone. The diversification benefit is not meaningful for low and high metrics since they may occur on different days.

Sensitivity Analysis  Given the inherent limitations of the VaR models, the Company uses other measures, including sensitivity analysis, to measure and monitor risk. Sensitivity analysis is the measure of exposure to a single risk factor, such as a 0.01% increase in interest rates or a 1% increase in equity prices. We conduct and monitor sensitivity on interest rates, credit spreads, volatility, equity, commodity, and foreign exchange exposure. Sensitivity analysis complements VaR as it provides an indication of risk relative to each factor irrespective of historical market moves.
 
Stress Testing  While VaR captures the risk of loss due to adverse changes in markets using recent historical market data, stress testing captures the Company’s exposure to extreme but low probability market movements. Stress scenarios estimate the risk of losses based on management’s assumptions of abnormal but severe market movements such as severe credit spread widening or a large decline in equity prices. These scenarios assume that the market moves happen instantaneously and no repositioning or hedging activity takes place to mitigate losses as events unfold (a conservative approach since experience demonstrates otherwise).
An inventory of scenarios is maintained representing both historical and hypothetical stress events that affect a broad range of market risk factors with varying degrees of correlation and differing time horizons. Hypothetical scenarios assess the impact of large movements in financial variables on portfolio values. Typical examples include a 1% (100 basis point) increase across the yield curve or a 10% decline in equity market indexes. Historical scenarios utilize an event-driven approach: the stress scenarios are based on plausible but rare events, and the analysis addresses how these events might affect the risk factors relevant to a portfolio.
The Company’s stress testing framework is also used in calculating results in support of the Federal Reserve Board’s
 
Comprehensive Capital Analysis & Review (CCAR) and internal stress tests. Stress scenarios are regularly reviewed and updated to address potential market events or concerns. For more detail on the CCAR process, see the “Capital Management” section in this Report.
 
Regulatory Market Risk Capital  is based on U.S. regulatory agency risk-based capital regulations that are based on the Basel Committee Capital Accord of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Prior to January 1, 2013, U.S. banking regulators’ market risk capital requirements were subject to Basel I and thereafter based on Basel 2.5. Effective January 1, 2014, the Company must calculate regulatory capital based on the Basel III market risk capital rule, which integrated Basel 2.5, and requires banking organizations with significant trading activities to adjust their capital requirements to better account for the market risks of those activities based on comprehensive and risk sensitive methods and models. The market risk capital rule is intended to cover the risk of loss in value of covered positions due to changes in market conditions.
 
Composition of Material Portfolio of Covered Positions  The positions that are “covered” by the market risk capital rule are generally a subset of our trading assets and trading liabilities, specifically those held by the Company for the purpose of short-term resale or with the intent of benefiting from actual or expected short-term price movements, or to lock in arbitrage profits. Positions excluded from market risk regulatory capital treatment are subject to the credit risk capital rules applicable to the “non-covered” trading positions.
The material portfolio of the Company’s “covered” positions is predominantly concentrated in the trading assets and trading liabilities managed within Wholesale Banking where the substantial portion of market risk capital resides. Wholesale Banking engages in the fixed income, traded credit, foreign


48

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

exchange, equities, and commodities markets businesses. Other business segments hold small additional trading positions covered under the market risk capital rule.

Regulatory Market Risk Capital Components  The capital required for market risk on the Company’s “covered” positions is determined by internally developed models or standardized specific risk charges. The market risk regulatory capital models are subject to internal model risk management and validation. The models are continuously monitored and enhanced in response to changes in market conditions, improvements in system capabilities, and changes in the Company’s market risk exposure. The Company is required to obtain and has received prior written approval from its regulators before using its internally developed models to calculate the market risk capital charge.
Basel III prescribes various VaR measures in the determination of regulatory capital and RWAs. The Company
 
uses the same VaR models for both market risk management purposes as well as regulatory capital calculations. For regulatory purposes, we use the following metrics to determine the Company’s market risk capital requirements:
 
General VaR measures the risk of broad market movements such as changes in the level of credit spreads, interest rates, equity prices, commodity prices, and foreign exchange rates. General VaR uses historical simulation analysis based on 99% confidence level and a 10-day time horizon.
Table 37 shows the General VaR measure categorized by major risk categories. Average 10-day Company Regulatory General VaR was $27 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, compared with $20 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2015. The increase was primarily driven by changes in portfolio composition.

Table 37:  Regulatory 10-Day 99% General VaR by Risk Category
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
March 31, 2015
 
(in millions)
Period
end

 
Average

 
Low

 
High

 
Period
end

 
Average

 
Low

 
High

Wholesale Regulatory General VaR Risk Categories
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit
$
47

 
43

 
19

 
60

 
30

 
33

 
23

 
42

Interest rate
58

 
40

 
21

 
67

 
56

 
50

 
26

 
94

Equity
7

 
8

 
3

 
13

 
11

 
10

 
4

 
19

Commodity
3

 
4

 
2

 
7

 
2

 
2

 
1

 
4

Foreign exchange
4

 
6

 
1

 
20

 
7

 
4

 
1

 
7

Diversification benefit (1)
(90
)
 
(76
)
 
 
 
 
 
(87
)
 
(79
)
 
 
 
 
Wholesale Regulatory General VaR
$
29

 
25

 
14

 
39

 
19

 
20

 
12

 
43

Company Regulatory General VaR
30

 
27

 
13

 
41

 
19

 
20

 
11

 
43

(1)
The period-end VaR was less than the sum of the VaR components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification benefit arises because the risks are not perfectly correlated causing a portfolio of positions to usually be less risky than the sum of the risks of the positions alone. The diversification benefit is not meaningful for low and high metrics since they may occur on different days.

Specific Risk measures the risk of loss that could result from factors other than broad market movements, or name-specific market risk. Specific Risk uses Monte Carlo simulation analysis based on a 99% confidence level and a 10-day time horizon.
 
Total VaR (as presented in Table 38) is composed of General VaR and Specific Risk and uses the previous 12 months of historical market data in compliance with regulatory requirements.

Total Stressed VaR (as presented in Table 38) uses a historical period of significant financial stress over a continuous 12 month period using historically available market data and is composed of Stressed General VaR and Stressed Specific Risk. Total Stressed VaR uses the same methodology and models as Total VaR. 

Incremental Risk Charge (as presented in Table 38) captures losses due to both issuer default and migration risk at the 99.9% confidence level over the one-year capital horizon under the assumption of constant level of risk or a constant position assumption. The model covers all non-securitized credit-sensitive products.
 
The Company calculates Incremental Risk by generating a portfolio loss distribution using Monte Carlo simulation, which assumes numerous scenarios, where an assumption is made that the portfolio’s composition remains constant for a one-year time horizon. Individual issuer credit grade migration and issuer default risk is modeled through generation of the issuer’s credit rating transition based upon statistical modeling. Correlation between credit grade migration and default is captured by a multifactor proprietary model which takes into account industry classifications as well as regional effects. Additionally, the impact of market and issuer specific concentrations is reflected in the modeling framework by assignment of a higher charge for portfolios that have increasing concentrations in particular issuers or sectors. Lastly, the model captures product basis risk; that is, it reflects the material disparity between a position and its hedge.
Table 38 provides information on Total VaR, Total Stressed VaR and the Incremental Risk Charge results for the quarter ended June 30, 2015. For the Incremental Risk Charge, the required capital for market risk at quarter end equals the average for the quarter. 



49


Table 38:  Market Risk Regulatory Capital Modeled Components
 
Quarter ended June 30, 2015
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
(in millions)
Average

 
Low

 
High

 
Quarter end

 
Risk-
based
capital (1)

 
Risk-
weighted
assets (1)

Total VaR
$
57

 
52

 
64

 
58

 
171

 
2,139

Total Stressed VaR
319

 
270

 
416

 
348

 
956

 
11,955

Incremental Risk Charge
371

 
330

 
402

 
367

 
371

 
4,634

(1)
Results represent the risk-based capital and RWAs based on the VaR and Incremental Risk Charge models.

Securitized Products Charge  Basel III requires a separate market risk capital charge for positions classified as a securitization or re-securitization. The primary criteria for classification as a securitization are whether there is a transfer of risk and whether the credit risk associated with the underlying exposures has been separated into at least two tranches reflecting different levels of seniority. Covered trading securitizations positions include consumer and commercial asset-backed securities (ABS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), and collateralized loan and other debt obligations (CLO/CDO) positions. The securitization capital requirements are the greater of the capital requirements of the net long or short exposure, and are capped at the maximum loss that could be incurred on any given transaction.
Table 39 shows the aggregate net fair market value of securities and derivative securitization positions by exposure type that meet the regulatory definition of a covered trading securitization position at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014.
Table 39: Covered Securitization Positions by Exposure Type (Market Value)
(in millions)
ABS

 
CMBS

 
RMBS

 
CLO/CDO

June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitization exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities
$
930

 
949

 
735

 
734

Derivatives
6

 
12

 
9

 
(30
)
Total
$
936

 
961

 
744

 
704

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securitization exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities
$
752

 
709

 
689

 
553

Derivatives
(1
)
 
5

 
23

 
(31
)
Total
$
751

 
714

 
712

 
522

 
SECURITIZATION DUE DILIGENCE AND RISK MONITORING The market risk capital rule requires that the Company conduct due diligence on the risk of each position within three days of the purchase of a securitization position. The Company’s due diligence provides an understanding of the features that would materially affect the performance of a securitization or re-securitization. The due diligence analysis is re-performed on a quarterly basis for each securitization and re-securitization position. The Company uses an automated solution to track the due diligence associated with securitization activity. The Company aims to manage the risks associated with securitization and re-securitization positions through the use of offsetting positions and portfolio diversification.

Standardized Specific Risk Charge  For debt and equity positions that are not evaluated by the approved internal specific risk models, a regulatory prescribed standard specific risk charge is applied. The standard specific risk add-on for sovereign entities, public sector entities, and depository institutions is based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country risk classifications (CRC) and the remaining contractual maturity of the position. These risk add-ons for debt positions range from 0.25% to 12%. The add-on for corporate debt is based on creditworthiness and the remaining contractual maturity of the position. All other types of debt positions are subject to an 8% add-on. The standard specific risk add-on for equity positions is generally 8%.
 
Comprehensive Risk Charge / Correlation Trading  The market risk capital rule requires capital for correlation trading positions. The Company's remaining correlation trading exposure covered under the market risk capital rule matured in fourth quarter 2014.
Table 40 summarizes the market risk-based capital requirements charge and market RWAs in accordance with the Basel III market risk capital rule as of June 30, 2015, and as of December 31, 2014. The market RWAs are calculated as the sum of the components in the table below.



50

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Table 40:  Market Risk Regulatory Capital and RWAs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
Risk-
based
capital

 
Risk-
weighted
assets

 
Risk-
based
capital

 
Risk-
weighted
assets

Total VaR
$
171

 
2,139

 
146

 
1,822

Total Stressed VaR
956

 
11,955

 
1,469

 
18,359

Incremental Risk Charge
371

 
4,634

 
345

 
4,317

Securitized Products Charge
678

 
8,470

 
766

 
9,577

Standardized Specific Risk Charge
1,198

 
14,978

 
1,177

 
14,709

De minimis Charges (positions not included in models)
12

 
144

 
66

 
829

Total
$
3,386

 
42,320

 
3,969

 
49,613


RWA Rollforward  Table 41 depicts the changes in the market risk regulatory capital and RWAs under Basel III for the first half and second quarter of 2015.
Table 41:  Analysis of Changes in Market Risk Regulatory Capital and RWAs
(in millions)
Risk-
based
capital

 
Risk-
weighted
assets

Balance, December 31, 2014
$
3,969

 
49,613

Total VaR
25

 
317

Total Stressed VaR
(513
)
 
(6,404
)
Incremental Risk Charge
26

 
317

Securitized Products Charge
(88
)
 
(1,107
)
Standardized Specific Risk Charge
21

 
269

De minimis Charges
(54
)
 
(685
)
Balance, June 30, 2015
$
3,386

 
42,320

 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2015
$
3,807

 
47,589

Total VaR
24

 
303

Total Stressed VaR
(85
)
 
(1,054
)
Incremental Risk Charge
(7
)
 
(97
)
Securitized Products Charge
(35
)
 
(446
)
Standardized Specific Risk Charge
(301
)
 
(3,758
)
De minimis Charges
(17
)
 
(217
)
Balance, June 30, 2015
$
3,386

 
42,320


All changes to market risk regulatory capital and RWAs in the first half and second quarter of 2015 were associated with changes in positions due to normal trading activity.



51


VaR Backtesting  The market risk capital rule requires backtesting as one form of validation of the VaR model. Backtesting is a comparison of the daily VaR estimate with the actual clean profit and loss (clean P&L) as defined by the market risk capital rule. Clean P&L is the change in the value of the Company’s covered trading positions that would have occurred had previous end-of-day covered trading positions remained unchanged (therefore, excluding fees, commissions, net interest income, and intraday trading gains and losses). The backtesting analysis compares the daily Total VaR for each of the trading days in the preceding 12 months with the net clean P&L. Clean P&L does not include credit adjustments and other activity not representative of daily price changes driven by market risk factors. The clean P&L measure of revenue is used to evaluate the performance of the Total VaR and is not comparable to our actual daily trading net revenues, as reported elsewhere in this Report.
Any observed clean P&L loss in excess of the Total VaR is considered a market risk regulatory capital backtesting exception.
 
The actual number of exceptions (that is, the number of business days for which the clean P&L losses exceed the corresponding 1-day, 99% Total VaR measure) over the preceding 12 months is used to determine the capital multiplier for the capital calculation. The number of actual backtesting exceptions is dependent on current market performance relative to historic market volatility. This capital multiplier increases from a minimum of three to a maximum of four, depending on the number of exceptions. No backtesting exceptions occurred over the preceding 12 months. Backtesting is also performed at granular levels within the Company.
Table 42 shows daily Total VaR (1-day, 99%) used for regulatory market risk capital backtesting for the 12 months ended June 30, 2015. The Company’s average Total VaR for second quarter 2015 was $22 million with a low of $20 million and a high of $25 million.


Table 42: Daily Total 1-Day 99% VaR Measure (Rolling 12 Months)

Market Risk Governance  The Finance Committee of our Board has primary oversight over market risk-taking activities of the Company and reviews the acceptable market risk appetite. The Corporate Risk Group’s Market Risk Committee, which reports to the Finance Committee of the Board, is responsible for governance and oversight of market risk-taking activities across the Company as well as the establishment of market risk appetite and associated limits. The Corporate Market Risk Group, which is part of the Corporate Risk Group, administers and monitors compliance with the requirements established by the Market Risk Committee. The Corporate Market Risk Group has oversight responsibilities in identifying, measuring and monitoring the Company’s market risk. The group is responsible for developing corporate market risk policy, creating quantitative market risk models, establishing independent risk limits, calculating and analyzing market risk capital, and reporting aggregated and line-of-business market risk information. Limits are regularly reviewed to ensure they remain relevant and within the market
 
risk appetite for the Company. An automated limits-monitoring system enables a daily comprehensive review of multiple limits mandated across businesses. Limits are set with inner boundaries that will be periodically breached to promote an ongoing dialogue of risk exposure within the Company. Each line of business that exposes the Company to market risk has direct responsibility for managing market risk in accordance with defined risk tolerances and approved market risk mandates and hedging strategies. We measure and monitor market risk for both management and regulatory capital purposes.



52

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Model Risk Management  The market risk capital models are governed by our Corporate Model Risk Committee (CMoR) policies and procedures, which include model validation. The purpose of model validation includes ensuring the model is appropriate for its intended use and that appropriate controls exist to help mitigate the risk of invalid results. Model validation assesses the adequacy and appropriateness of the model, including reviewing its key components such as inputs, processing components, logic or theory, output results and supporting model documentation. Validation also includes ensuring significant unobservable model inputs are appropriate given observable market transactions or other market data within the same or similar asset classes. This ensures modeled approaches are appropriate given similar product valuation techniques and are in line with their intended purpose. The Corporate Model Risk group provides oversight of model validation and assessment processes.
All internal valuation models are subject to ongoing review by business-unit-level management, and all models are subject to additional oversight by a corporate-level risk management department. Corporate oversight responsibilities include evaluating the adequacy of business unit risk management programs, maintaining company-wide model validation policies and standards, and reporting the results of these activities to management.

MARKET RISK - EQUITY INVESTMENTS  We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in the equity markets. We make and manage direct equity investments in start-up businesses, emerging growth companies, management buy-outs, acquisitions and corporate recapitalizations. We also invest in non-affiliated funds that make similar private equity investments. These private equity investments are made within capital allocations approved by management and the Board. The Board’s policy is to review business developments, key risks and historical returns for the private equity investment portfolio at least annually. Management reviews these investments at least quarterly and assesses them for possible OTTI. For nonmarketable investments, the analysis is based on facts and circumstances of each individual investment and the expectations for that investment’s cash flows and capital needs, the viability of its business model and our exit strategy. Nonmarketable investments include private equity investments accounted for under the cost method, equity method and fair value option.
As part of our business to support our customers, we trade public equities, listed/OTC equity derivatives and convertible bonds. We have parameters that govern these activities. We also have marketable equity securities in the available-for-sale securities portfolio, including securities relating to our venture capital activities. We manage these investments within capital risk limits approved by management and the Board and monitored by Corporate ALCO and the Corporate Market Risk Committee. Gains and losses on these securities are recognized in net income when realized and periodically include OTTI charges.
 
Changes in equity market prices may also indirectly affect our net income by (1) the value of third party assets under management and, hence, fee income, (2) borrowers whose ability to repay principal and/or interest may be affected by the stock market, or (3) brokerage activity, related commission income and other business activities. Each business line monitors and manages these indirect risks.
Table 43 provides information regarding our marketable and nonmarketable equity investments as of June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014.
Table 43:  Nonmarketable and Marketable Equity Investments
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

Nonmarketable equity investments:
 
 
 
Cost method:
 
 
 
Private equity and other (1)
$
2,461

 
2,300

Federal bank stock
4,400

 
4,733

Total cost method
6,861

 
7,033

Equity method:
 
 
 
LIHTC investments (2)
7,887

 
7,278

Private equity and other
4,911

 
5,132

Total equity method
12,798

 
12,410

Fair value (3)
2,636

 
2,512

Total nonmarketable equity investments (4)
$
22,295

 
21,955

Marketable equity securities:
 
 
 
Cost (1)
$
1,145

 
1,906

Net unrealized gains
1,342

 
1,770

Total marketable equity securities (5)
$
2,487

 
3,676

(1)
Reflects auction rate perpetual preferred equity securities that were reclassified at the beginning of second quarter 2015 with a cost basis of $689 million (fair value of $640 million) from available-for-sale securities because they do not trade on a qualified exchange.
(2)
Represents low income housing tax credit investments.
(3)
Represents nonmarketable equity investments for which we have elected the fair value option. See Note 6 (Other Assets) and Note 13 (Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
(4)
Included in other assets on the balance sheet. See Note 6 (Other Assets) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.
(5)
Included in available-for-sale securities. See Note 4 (Investment Securities) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information.



53


LIQUIDITY AND FUNDING  The objective of effective liquidity management is to ensure that we can meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities/withdrawals and other cash commitments efficiently under both normal operating conditions and under periods of Wells Fargo-specific and/or market stress. To achieve this objective, the Board of Directors establishes liquidity guidelines that require sufficient asset-based liquidity to cover potential funding requirements and to avoid over-dependence on volatile, less reliable funding markets. These guidelines are monitored on a monthly basis by the Corporate ALCO and on a quarterly basis by the Board of Directors. These guidelines are established and monitored for both the consolidated company and for the Parent on a stand-alone basis to ensure that the Parent is a source of strength for its regulated, deposit-taking banking subsidiaries.
We maintain liquidity in the form of cash, cash equivalents and unencumbered high-quality, liquid securities. These assets
 
make up our primary sources of liquidity, which are presented in Table 44. Our cash is primarily on deposit with the Federal Reserve. Securities included as part of our primary sources of liquidity are comprised of U.S. Treasury and federal agency debt, and mortgage-backed securities issued by federal agencies within our investment securities portfolio. We believe these securities provide quick sources of liquidity through sales or by pledging to obtain financing, regardless of market conditions. Some of these securities are within the held-to-maturity portion of our investment securities portfolio and as such are not intended for sale but may be pledged to obtain financing. Some of the legal entities within our consolidated group of companies are subject to various regulatory, tax, legal and other restrictions that can limit the transferability of their funds. We believe we maintain adequate liquidity at these entities in consideration of such funds transfer restrictions.


Table 44:  Primary Sources of Liquidity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
(in millions)
Total

 
Encumbered

 
Unencumbered

 
Total

 
Encumbered

 
Unencumbered

Interest-earning deposits
$
187,959

 

 
187,959

 
$
219,220

 

 
219,220

Securities of U.S. Treasury and federal agencies (1)
81,036

 
4,711

 
76,325

 
67,352

 
856

 
66,496

Mortgage-backed securities of federal agencies (2)
127,416

 
68,457

 
58,959

 
115,730

 
80,324

 
35,406

Total
$
396,411

 
73,168

 
323,243

 
$
402,302

 
81,180

 
321,122

(1)
Included in encumbered securities at December 31, 2014, were securities with a fair value of $152 million which were purchased in December 2014, but settled in January 2015.
(2)
Included in encumbered securities at June 30, 2015, were securities with a fair value of $2.0 billion that were purchased in June 2015, but settled in July 2015. Included in encumbered securities at December 31, 2014, were securities with a fair value of $5 million, which were purchased in December 2014, but settled in January 2015.

In addition to our primary sources of liquidity shown in Table 44, liquidity is also available through the sale or financing of other securities including trading and/or available-for-sale securities, as well as through the sale, securitization or financing of loans, to the extent such securities and loans are not encumbered. In addition, other securities in our held-to-maturity portfolio, to the extent not encumbered, may be pledged to obtain financing.
 
Core customer deposits have historically provided a sizeable source of relatively stable and low-cost funds. Both at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014 core deposits were 122% of total loans. Additional funding is provided by long-term debt, other foreign deposits, and short-term borrowings.
Table 45 shows selected information for short-term borrowings, which generally mature in less than 30 days.



54

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Table 45:  Short-Term Borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended
 
(in millions)
Jun 30
2015

 
Mar 31,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

 
Sep 30,
2014

 
Jun 30,
2014

Balance, period end
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
71,439

 
64,400

 
51,052

 
48,164

 
45,379

Commercial paper
621

 
3,552

 
2,456

 
4,365

 
4,261

Other short-term borrowings
10,903

 
9,745

 
10,010

 
10,398

 
12,209

Total
$
82,963

 
77,697

 
63,518

 
62,927

 
61,849

Average daily balance for period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
72,429

 
58,881

 
51,509

 
47,088

 
42,233

Commercial paper
2,433

 
3,040

 
3,511

 
4,587

 
5,221

Other short-term borrowings
9,637

 
9,791

 
9,656

 
10,610

 
11,391

Total
$
84,499

 
71,712

 
64,676

 
62,285

 
58,845

Maximum month-end balance for period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (1)
$
71,811

 
66,943

 
51,052

 
48,164

 
45,379

Commercial paper (2)
2,713

 
3,552

 
3,740

 
4,665

 
5,175

Other short-term borrowings (3)
10,903

 
10,068

 
10,010

 
10,990

 
12,209

(1)
Highest month-end balance in each of the last five quarters was in May and February 2015, and December, September and June 2014.
(2)
Highest month-end balance in each of the last five quarters was in April and March 2015, and November, July and April 2014.
(3)
Highest month-end balance in each of the last five quarters was in June and February 2015, and December, July and June 2014.

We access domestic and international capital markets for long-term funding (generally greater than one year) through issuances of registered debt securities, private placements and asset-backed secured funding. Investors in the long-term capital markets, as well as other market participants, generally will consider, among other factors, a company’s debt rating in making investment decisions. Rating agencies base their ratings on many quantitative and qualitative factors, including capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality, business mix, the level and quality of earnings, and rating agency assumptions regarding the probability and extent of federal financial assistance or support for certain large financial institutions. Adverse changes in these factors could result in a reduction of our credit rating; however, our debt securities do not contain credit rating covenants.
In light of industry changes and regulatory developments related to the Title II Orderly Liquidation Authority of the Dodd-Frank Act, rating agencies have recently adopted changes to various aspects of their ratings methodologies. As a result, several of our ratings were upgraded during second quarter 2015. Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) upgraded the long-term issuer rating of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as well as its long-term deposit, senior debt, subordinated debt and junior subordinated debt ratings. Moody’s also upgraded the rating of the Parent’s non-cumulative preferred stock. Fitch Ratings, Inc. upgraded Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.’s issuer default rating as well as the rating on the bank’s long-term deposits and senior debt. In addition, on June 24, 2015, DBRS confirmed all of the Company’s ratings. Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services (S&P) is continuing its reassessment of whether to continue incorporating the likelihood of extraordinary government support into the ratings of eight bank holding companies, including the Parent. S&P has indicated that this reassessment will be finalized sometime in 2015. Both the Parent and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. remain among the top-rated financial firms in the U.S.
 
See the “Risk Factors” section in our 2014 Form 10-K for additional information on the potential impact a credit rating downgrade would have on our liquidity and operations, as well as Note 12 (Derivatives) to Financial Statements in this Report for information regarding additional collateral and funding obligations required for certain derivative instruments in the event our credit ratings were to fall below investment grade.
The credit ratings of the Parent and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as of June 30, 2015, are presented in Table 46.



55


Table 46:  Credit Ratings as of June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo & Company
 
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
Senior debt
 
Short-term
borrowings 
 
Long-term
deposits 
 
Short-term
borrowings 
Moody's
A2
 
P-1
 
Aa1
 
P-1
S&P
A+
 
A-1
 
AA-
 
A-1+
Fitch Ratings, Inc.
AA-
 
F1+
 
AA+
 
F1+
DBRS
AA
 
R-1*
 
AA**
 
R-1**
* middle    **high
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

On September 3, 2014, the FRB, OCC and FDIC issued a final rule that implements a quantitative liquidity requirement consistent with the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The rule requires banking institutions, such as Wells Fargo, to hold high-quality liquid assets, such as central bank reserves and government and corporate debt that can be converted easily and quickly into cash, in an amount equal to or greater than its projected net cash outflows during a 30-day stress period. The final LCR rule will be phased-in beginning January 1, 2015, and requires full compliance with a minimum 100% LCR by January 1, 2017. The FRB also recently finalized rules imposing enhanced liquidity management standards on large bank holding companies (BHC) such as Wells Fargo. We continue to analyze these rules and other regulatory proposals that may affect liquidity risk management to determine the level of operational or compliance impact to Wells Fargo. For additional information see the “Capital Management” and “Regulatory Reform” sections in this Report and in our 2014 Form 10-K.
 
Parent Under SEC rules, our Parent is classified as a “well-known seasoned issuer,” which allows it to file a registration statement that does not have a limit on issuance capacity. In May 2014, the Parent filed a registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of senior and subordinated notes, preferred stock and other securities. The Parent’s ability to issue debt and other securities under this registration statement is limited by the debt issuance authority granted by the Board. The Parent is currently authorized by the Board to issue $60 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $170 billion in outstanding long-term debt. At June 30, 2015, the Parent had available $42.2 billion in short-term debt issuance authority and $59.2 billion in long-term debt issuance authority. The Parent’s debt issuance authority granted by the Board includes short-term and long-term debt issued to affiliates. During the first half of 2015, the Parent issued $13.0 billion of senior notes, of which $7.9 billion were registered with the SEC. In addition, during the first half of 2015, the Parent issued $835 million of subordinated notes, all of which were registered with the SEC. Also, in July 2015, the Parent issued $3.5 billion of senior notes and $2.5 billion of subordinated notes, all of which were registered with the SEC.
The Parent’s proceeds from securities issued were used for general corporate purposes, and, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus or prospectus supplement, we expect the proceeds from securities issued in the future will be used for the same purposes. Depending on market conditions, we may purchase our outstanding debt securities from time to time in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer, or otherwise.
 
Table 47 provides information regarding the Parent’s medium-term note (MTN) programs, which are covered by the long-term debt issuance authority granted by the Board. The Parent may issue senior and subordinated debt securities under Series N & O, and the European and Australian programmes. Under Series K, the Parent may issue senior debt securities linked to one or more indices or bearing interest at a fixed or floating rate.
Table 47:  Medium-Term Note (MTN) Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
(in billions)
 
Date
established
 
 
 
Debt
issuance
authority

 
Available
for
issuance

MTN program:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series N & O (1) (2)
 
May 2014
 
 
 
NA(2)

 
NA(2)

Series K (1) (3)
 
April 2010
 
 
 
$
25.0

 
$
21.3

European (4) (5)
 
December 2009
 
 
 
25.0

 
7.5

European (4) (6)
 
August 2013
 
 
 
10.0

 
8.7

Australian (4) (7)
 
June 2005
 
AUD
 
10.0

 
7.8

(1)
SEC registered.
(2)
Not applicable (NA) - The Parent can issue an indeterminate amount of debt securities, subject to the long-term debt issuance authority granted by the Board described above.
(3)
As amended in April 2012 and March 2015.
(4)
Not registered with the SEC. May not be offered in the United States without applicable exemptions from registration.
(5)
As amended in April 2012, April 2013, April 2014 and March 2015. For securities to be admitted to listing on the Official List of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority and to trade on the Regulated Market of the London Stock Exchange.
(6)
As amended in May 2014 and April 2015, for securities that will not be admitted to listing, trading and/or quotation by any stock exchange or quotation system, or will be admitted to listing, trading and/or quotation by a stock exchange or quotation system that is not considered to be a regulated market.
(7)
As amended in October 2005, March 2010 and September 2013.

Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is authorized by its board of directors to issue $100 billion in outstanding short-term debt and $125 billion in outstanding long-term debt. At June 30, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. had available $99.8 billion in short-term debt issuance authority and $72.8 billion in long-term debt issuance authority. In April 2015, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. established a $100 billion bank note program under which, subject to any other debt outstanding under the limits described above, it may issue $50 billion in outstanding short-term senior notes and $50 billion in outstanding long-term senior or subordinated notes. At June 30, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. had remaining issuance capacity under the bank note program of $50 billion in short-term senior notes and $50 billion in long-term senior or subordinated notes. In addition, as of June 30, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. had outstanding advances of $26.6 billion across the Federal Home Loan Bank System.
 


56

Asset/Liability Management (continued)

Wells Fargo Canada Corporation In February 2014, Wells Fargo Canada Corporation (WFCC), an indirect wholly owned Canadian subsidiary of the Parent, qualified with the Canadian provincial securities commissions a base shelf prospectus for the distribution from time to time in Canada of up to $7.0 billion Canadian dollars (CAD) in medium-term notes. At June 30, 2015, CAD $7.0 billion still remained available for future issuance under this prospectus. All medium-term notes issued by WFCC are unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent. 

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK MEMBERSHIP The Federal Home Loan Banks (the FHLBs) are a group of cooperatives that lending institutions use to finance housing and economic development in local communities. We are a member of the FHLBs based in Dallas, Des Moines and San Francisco. Each member of the FHLBs is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock of the applicable FHLB. The board of directors of each FHLB can increase the minimum investment requirements in the event it has concluded that additional capital is required to allow it to meet its own regulatory capital requirements. Any increase in the minimum investment requirements outside of specified ranges requires the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Board. Because the extent of any obligation to increase our investment in any of the FHLBs depends entirely upon the occurrence of a future event, potential future payments to the FHLBs are not determinable.



57


Capital Management

We have an active program for managing capital through a comprehensive process for assessing the Company’s overall capital adequacy. Our objective is to maintain capital at an amount commensurate with our risk profile and risk tolerance objectives, and to meet both regulatory and market expectations. Our potential sources of capital primarily include retention of earnings net of dividends, as well as issuances of common and preferred stock. Retained earnings increased $7.1 billion from December 31, 2014, predominantly from Wells Fargo net income of $11.5 billion, less common and preferred stock dividends of $4.5 billion. During second quarter 2015, we issued 18.6 million shares of common stock and repurchased 36.3 million shares of common stock in open market transactions, private transactions and from employee benefit plans, at a cost of $2.0 billion. We also entered into a $750 million forward repurchase contract in April 2015 with an unrelated third party that settled in July 2015 for 13.6 million shares. In addition, we entered into a $1.0 billion forward repurchase contract with an unrelated third party in July 2015 that is expected to settle in fourth quarter 2015 for approximately 17.5 million shares. For additional information about our forward repurchase agreements, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in this Report.
 
Regulatory Capital Guidelines
The Company and each of our insured depository institutions are subject to various regulatory capital adequacy requirements administered by the FRB and the OCC. Risk-based capital (RBC) guidelines establish a risk-adjusted ratio relating capital to different categories of assets and off-balance sheet exposures. See Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report for additional information. Also see the "Capital Management" section in our 2014 Form 10-K for background and history of the various regulatory capital adequacy rules, minimum regulatory requirements and transition periods we follow.

RISK-BASED CAPITAL AND RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS In December 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) finalized a set of revised international guidelines for determining regulatory capital known as “Basel III.” These guidelines were developed in response to the 2008 financial crisis and were intended to address many of the weaknesses identified in the previous Basel standards, as well as in the banking sector that contributed to the crisis including excessive leverage, inadequate and low quality capital and insufficient liquidity buffers.
In July 2013, federal banking regulators approved final and interim final rules to implement the BCBS Basel III capital guidelines for U.S. banking organizations. These final capital rules, among other things:
implement in the United States the Basel III regulatory capital reforms including those that revise the definition of capital, increase minimum capital ratios, and introduce a minimum Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% (for a total minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%) and a potential countercyclical buffer of up to 2.5%, which would be imposed by regulators at their discretion if it is determined that a period of excessive credit growth is contributing to an increase in systemic risk;
 
require a Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets ratio of 4% and introduce, for large and internationally active bank holding companies (BHCs), a Tier 1 supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) of 3% that incorporates off-balance sheet exposures;
revise Basel I rules for calculating RWAs to enhance risk sensitivity under a standardized approach;
modify the existing Basel II advanced approaches rules for calculating RWAs to implement Basel III;
deduct certain assets from CET1, such as deferred tax assets that could not be realized through net operating loss carry- backs, significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities, and MSRs, to the extent any one category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such items, in the aggregate, exceed 15% of CET1;
eliminate the accumulated other comprehensive income or loss filter that applies under RBC rules over a five-year phase-in period beginning in 2014; and
comply with the Dodd-Frank Act provision prohibiting the reliance on external credit ratings.

We were required to comply with the final Basel III capital rules beginning January 2014, with certain provisions subject to phase-in periods. The Basel III capital rules are scheduled to be fully phased in by the end of 2021. Based on the final capital rules, our CET1 ratio under the final Basel III capital rules calculated on a fully phased-in basis under the Standardized Approach exceeded the minimum of 9.0% by 155 basis points at June 30, 2015. The 9.0% minimum includes a 2% G-SIB surcharge as discussed later in this section under “Other Regulatory Capital Items."
In March 2015, the FRB and OCC directed the Company and its subsidiary national banks to exit the parallel run phase and begin using the Basel III Advanced Approaches capital framework, in addition to the Standardized Approach, to determine our risk-based capital requirements starting in second quarter 2015. Consistent with the Collins Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, we must report the lower of our CET1, tier 1 and total capital ratios calculated under the Standardized Approach and under the Advanced Approach in the assessment of our capital adequacy.
The tables that follow provide information about our risk-based capital and related ratios as calculated under Basel III capital guidelines on a fully phased-in basis (as opposed to with Transition Requirements). For banking industry regulatory reporting purposes, we report our capital in accordance with Transition Requirements but are managing our capital based on a fully phased-in calculation. For information about our capital requirements calculated in accordance with Transition Requirements, see Note 19 (Regulatory and Agency Capital Requirements) to Financial Statements in this Report.
Table 48 summarizes our Basel III CET1, tier 1 capital, total capital, risk-weighted assets and capital ratios on a fully phased-in basis at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. As of June 30, 2015, our CET1 ratio was lower using RWAs calculated under the Standardized Approach.


58

Capital Management (continued)

Table 48: Capital Components and Ratios Under Basel III (Fully Phased-In) (1)
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014

(in billions)
 
Advanced Approach

 
Standardized Approach

 
General Approach

Common Equity Tier 1
(A)
$
139.9

 
139.9

 
137.1

Tier 1 Capital
(B)
159.6

 
159.6

 
154.7

Total Capital
(C)
183.4

 
194.0

 
192.9

Risk-Weighted Assets
(D)
1,317.8

 
1,325.6

 
1,242.5

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio
(A)/(D)
10.62
%
 
10.55

*
11.04

Tier 1 Capital Ratio
(B)/(D)
12.11

 
12.04

*
12.45

Total Capital Ratio
(C)/(D)
13.92

*
14.63

 
15.53

*Denotes the lowest capital ratio as determined under the Basel III Advanced and Standardized Approaches.
(1)
Fully phased-in regulatory capital amounts, ratios and RWAs are considered non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management, bank regulatory agencies, investors and analysts to assess and monitor the Company’s capital position. See Table 49 for information regarding the calculation and components of CET1, Tier 1 capital, total capital and RWAs, as well as the corresponding reconciliation of our regulatory capital amounts to total equity.

Table 49 provides information regarding the calculation and composition of our risk-based capital under the Advanced and Standardized Approaches at June 30, 2015 and under the General Approach at December 31, 2014.
 



59


Table 49: Risk-Based Capital Calculation and Components Under Basel III
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
December 31, 2014

(in billions)
 
Advanced Approach

 
Standardized Approach

 
General Approach

Total equity
 
$
190.7

 
190.7

 
185.3

Noncontrolling interests
 
(1.1
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(0.9
)
Total Wells Fargo stockholders' equity
 
189.6

 
189.6

 
184.4

Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
 
(20.0
)
 
(20.0
)
 
(18.0
)
Cumulative other comprehensive income
 

 

 
(2.6
)
Goodwill and other intangible assets (1)
 
(29.1
)
 
(29.1
)
 
(26.3
)
Investment in certain subsidiaries and other
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.4
)
Common Equity Tier 1 (Fully Phased-In)
 
139.9

 
139.9

 
137.1

Effect of Transition Requirements
 
1.0

 
1.0

 

Common Equity Tier 1 (Transition Requirements)
 
$
140.9

 
140.9

 
137.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Equity Tier 1 (Fully Phased-In)
 
$
139.9

 
139.9

 
137.1

Preferred stock
 
20.0

 
20.0

 
18.0

Qualifying hybrid securities and noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

Other
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.4
)
Total Tier 1 capital (Fully Phased-In)
(A)
159.6

 
159.6

 
154.7

Effect of Transition Requirements
 
0.8

 
0.8

 

Total Tier 1 capital (Transition Requirements)
 
$
160.4

 
160.4

 
154.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Tier 1 capital (Fully Phased-In)
 
$
159.6

 
159.6

 
154.7

Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
 
22.1

 
22.1

 
25.0

Qualifying allowance for credit losses (2)
 
2.0

 
12.6

 
13.2

Other
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 

Total Tier 2 capital (Fully Phased-In)
(B)
23.8

 
34.4

 
38.2

Effect of Transition Requirements
 
3.2

 
3.2

 

Total Tier 2 capital (Transition Requirements)
 
$
27.0

 
37.6

 
38.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total qualifying capital (Fully Phased-In)
(A+B)
$
183.4

 
194.0

 
192.9

Total Effect of Transition Requirements
 
4.0

 
4.0

 

Total qualifying capital (Transition Requirements)
 
$
187.4

 
198.0

 
192.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-Weighted Assets (RWAs) (3)(4):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit risk
 
$
1,014.7

 
1,283.3

 
1,192.9

Market risk
 
42.3

 
42.3

 
49.6

Operational risk
 
260.8

 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Total RWAs (Fully Phased-In)
 
$
1,317.8

 
1,325.6

 
1,242.5

Credit risk
 
$
994.0

 
1,263.8

 
1,192.9

Market risk
 
42.3

 
42.3

 
49.6

Operational risk
 
260.8

 
 N/A

 
 N/A

Total RWAs (Transition Requirements)
 
$
1,297.1

 
1,306.1

 
1,242.5

(1)
Goodwill and other intangible assets are net of any associated deferred tax liabilities.
(2)
Under the Advanced Approach the allowance for credit losses that exceeds expected credit losses is eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 Capital, to the extent the excess allowance does not exceed 0.6% of Advanced credit RWAs, and under the Standardized Approach, the allowance for credit losses is includable in Tier 2 Capital up to 1.25% of Standardized credit RWAs, with any excess allowance for credit losses being deducted from total RWAs.
(3)
RWAs calculated under the Advanced Approach utilize a risk-sensitive methodology, which relies upon the use of internal credit models based upon our experience with internal rating grades. Advanced Approach also includes an operational risk component, which reflects the risk of operating loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes or systems.
(4)
Under the regulatory guidelines for risk-based capital, on-balance sheet assets and credit equivalent amounts of derivatives and off-balance sheet items are assigned to one of several broad risk categories according to the obligor, or, if relevant, the guarantor or the nature of any collateral. The aggregate dollar amount in each risk category is then multiplied by the risk weight associated with that category. The resulting weighted values from each of the risk categories are aggregated for determining total RWAs. The risk weights and categories were changed by Basel III for the Standardized Approach and will generally result in higher RWAs than result from the General Approach risk weights and categories.


60

Capital Management (continued)

Table 50 presents the changes in Common Equity Tier 1 under the Advanced Approach for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Table 50: Analysis of Changes in Common Equity Tier 1 Under Basel III
(in billions)
 
 
Common Equity Tier 1 (General Approach) at December 31, 2014
 
$
137.1

Effect of changes in rules
 
(0.4
)
Common Equity Tier 1 (Fully Phased-In) at December 31, 2014
 
136.7

Net income
 
10.8

Common stock dividends
 
(3.7
)
Common stock issued, repurchased, and stock compensation-related items
 
(2.5
)
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of any associated deferred tax liabilities)
 

Other
 
(1.4
)
Change in Common Equity Tier 1
 
3.2

Common Equity Tier 1 (Fully Phased-In) at June 30, 2015
 
$
139.9


Table 51 presents net changes in the components of RWAs under the Advanced and Standardized Approaches for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Table 51: Analysis of Changes in Basel III RWAs
 
 
(in billions)
Advanced Approach

Standardized Approach

Basel III RWAs (General Approach) at December 31, 2014
$
1,242.5

1,242.5

Effect of changes in rules
68.0

62.9

Basel III RWAs (Fully Phased-In) at December 31, 2014
1,310.5

1,305.4

Net change in credit risk RWAs
0.7

27.4

Net change in market risk RWAs
(7.3
)
(7.3
)
Net change in operational risk RWAs
13.9

 N/A

Total change in RWAs
7.3

20.1

Basel III RWAs (Fully Phased-In) at June 30, 2015
1,317.8

1,325.5

Effect of Transition Requirements
(20.7
)
(19.4
)
Basel III RWAs (Transition Requirements) at June 30, 2015
$
1,297.1

1,306.1


61


SUPPLEMENTARY LEVERAGE RATIO In April 2014, federal banking regulators finalized a rule that enhances the SLR requirements for BHCs, like Wells Fargo, and their insured depository institutions. The SLR consists of Tier 1 capital under Basel III divided by the Company’s total leverage exposure. Total leverage exposure consists of the total average on-balance sheet assets, plus off-balance sheet exposures, such as undrawn commitments and derivative exposures, less amounts permitted to be deducted for Tier 1 capital. The rule, which becomes effective on January 1, 2018, will require a covered BHC to maintain a SLR of at least 5% to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. The rule will also require that all of our insured depository institutions maintain a SLR of 6% under applicable regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. In September 2014, federal banking regulators finalized additional changes to the SLR requirements to implement revisions to the Basel III leverage framework finalized by the BCBS in January 2014. These additional changes, among other things, modify the methodology for including off-balance sheet items, including credit derivatives, repo-style transactions and lines of credit, in the denominator of the SLR, and will become effective on January 1, 2018. At June 30, 2015, our SLR for the Company was 7.8% assuming full phase-in of the Basel III Advanced Approach capital framework. Based on our review, our current leverage levels would exceed the applicable requirements for each of our insured depository institutions as well. The fully phased-in SLR is considered a non-GAAP financial measure that is used by management, bank regulatory agencies, investors and analysts to assess and monitor the Company’s leverage exposure. See Table 52 for information regarding the calculation and components of the SLR.
Table 52: Basel III Fully Phased-In SLR
(in billions)
June 30, 2015

Tier 1 capital
$
159.6

Total average assets
1,729.3

Less: deductions from Tier 1 capital
29.7

Total adjusted average assets
1,699.6

Adjustments:
 
Derivative exposures
48.4

Repo-style transactions
6.5

Other off-balance sheet exposures
289.5

Total adjustments
344.4

Total leverage exposure
$
2,044.0

Supplementary leverage ratio
7.8
%
OTHER REGULATORY CAPITAL ITEMS The FRB has also indicated that it is in the process of considering new rules to address the amount of equity and unsecured debt a company must hold to facilitate its orderly liquidation, often referred to as Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC). In November 2014, the Financial Stability Board (FSB) issued policy proposals on TLAC for public consultation. Under the FSB’s TLAC proposal, global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) would be required to hold loss absorbing equity and unsecured debt of 16-20% of RWAs, with at least 33% of this total being unsecured debt rather than equity. The FRB will likely propose related rules sometime after the FSB’s public consultation on the TLAC proposal ends.
In addition, in July 2015, the FRB finalized a rule to implement an additional CET1 capital surcharge on those U.S. banking organizations, such as the Company, that have been designated by the FSB as G-SIBs. The G-SIB surcharge will be in addition to the minimum Basel III 7.0% CET1 requirement.
 
Under the rule, a G-SIB will annually calculate its surcharge under two methods and use the higher of the two surcharges. The first method will consider the G-SIB’s size, interconnectedness, cross-jurisdictional activity, substitutability, and complexity, consistent with a methodology developed by the BCBS and FSB. The second will use similar inputs, but will replace substitutability with use of short-term wholesale funding and will generally result in higher surcharges than the BCBS methodology. Under the rule, estimated surcharges for G-SIBs will range from 1.0-4.5% of a firm’s RWAs. Based on year-end 2014 data, the FRB estimated that the Company’s G-SIB surcharge would be 2% of the Company’s RWAs. However, because the G-SIB surcharge will be calculated annually based on data that can differ over time, the amount of the surcharge is subject to change in future periods. The G-SIB surcharge will be phased in beginning on January 1, 2016 and become fully effective on January 1, 2019.
In addition, as discussed in the “Risk Management - Asset/Liability Management - Liquidity and Funding” section in this Report, a final rule regarding the U.S. implementation of the Basel III LCR was issued by the FRB, OCC and FDIC in September 2014.

Capital Planning and Stress Testing
Our planned long-term capital structure is designed to meet regulatory and market expectations. We believe that our long-term targeted capital structure enables us to invest in and grow our business, satisfy our customers' financial needs in varying environments, access markets, and maintain flexibility to return capital to our shareholders. Our long-term targeted capital structure also considers capital levels sufficient to exceed Basel III capital requirements including the G-SIB surcharge. Accordingly, based on the final Basel III capital rules under the lower of the Standardized or Advanced Approaches CET1 capital ratios, we currently target a long-term CET1 capital ratio at or in excess of 10%, which assumes a 2% G-SIB surcharge. Our capital targets are subject to change based on various factors, including changes to the regulatory capital framework and expectations for large banks promulgated by bank regulatory agencies, planned capital actions, changes in our risk profile and other factors.
Under the FRB’s capital plan rule, large BHCs are required to submit capital plans annually for review to determine if the FRB has any objections before making any capital distributions. The rule requires updates to capital plans in the event of material changes in a BHC’s risk profile, including as a result of any significant acquisitions. The FRB assesses the overall financial condition, risk profile, and capital adequacy of BHCs while considering both quantitative and qualitative factors when evaluating capital plans.
Our 2015 CCAR, which was submitted on January 2, 2015, included a comprehensive capital plan supported by an assessment of expected uses and sources of capital over a given planning horizon under a range of expected and stress scenarios, similar to the process the FRB used to conduct the CCAR in 2014. As part of the 2015 CCAR, the FRB also generated a supervisory stress test, which assumed a sharp decline in the economy and significant decline in asset pricing using the information provided by the Company to estimate performance. The FRB reviewed the supervisory stress results both as required under the Dodd-Frank Act using a common set of capital actions for all large BHCs and by taking into account the Company’s proposed capital actions. The FRB published its supervisory stress test results as required under the Dodd-Frank Act on March 5, 2015. On March 11, 2015, the FRB notified us that it did not object to our capital plan included in the 2015 CCAR. The capital plan included an increase


62

Capital Management (continued)

in our second quarter 2015 common stock dividend rate to $0.375 per share, which was approved by the Board on April 28, 2015.
In addition to CCAR, federal banking regulators also require stress tests to evaluate whether an institution has sufficient capital to continue to operate during periods of adverse economic and financial conditions. These stress testing requirements set forth the timing and type of stress test activities large BHCs and banks must undertake as well as rules governing stress testing controls, oversight and disclosure requirements. The FRB recently finalized rules amending the existing capital plan and stress testing rules to move the start date of capital plan and stress testing cycles to the first and third quarters of each year beginning in 2016 and to limit a large BHC’s ability to make capital distributions to the extent its actual capital issuances were less than amounts indicated in its capital plan. As required under the FRB’s stress testing rule, we completed a mid-cycle stress test based on March 31, 2015, data and scenarios developed by the Company. We submitted the results of the mid-cycle stress test to the FRB and disclosed a summary of the results in July 2015.

Securities Repurchases
From time to time the Board authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of our common stock. Although we announce when the Board authorizes share repurchases, we typically do not give any public notice before we repurchase our shares. Future stock repurchases may be private or open-market repurchases, including block transactions, accelerated or delayed block transactions, forward transactions, and similar transactions. Additionally, we may enter into plans to purchase stock that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Various factors determine the amount and timing of our share repurchases, including our capital requirements, the number of shares we expect to issue for employee benefit plans and acquisitions, market conditions (including the trading price of our stock), and regulatory and legal considerations, including the FRB’s response to our capital plan and to changes in our risk profile.
In March 2014, the Board authorized the repurchase of 350 million shares of our common stock. At June 30, 2015, we had remaining authority to repurchase approximately 156 million shares, subject to regulatory and legal conditions. For more information about share repurchases during second quarter 2015, see Part II, Item 2 in this Report.
 
Historically, our policy has been to repurchase shares under the “safe harbor” conditions of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 including a limitation on the daily volume of repurchases. Rule 10b-18 imposes an additional daily volume limitation on share repurchases during a pending merger or acquisition in which shares of our stock will constitute some or all of the consideration. Our management may determine that during a pending stock merger or acquisition when the safe harbor would otherwise be available, it is in our best interest to repurchase shares in excess of this additional daily volume limitation. In such cases, we intend to repurchase shares in compliance with the other conditions of the safe harbor, including the standing daily volume limitation that applies whether or not there is a pending stock merger or acquisition.
In connection with our participation in the Capital Purchase Program (CPP), a part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), we issued to the U.S. Treasury Department warrants to purchase 110,261,688 shares of our common stock with an original exercise price of $34.01 per share expiring on October 28, 2018. The terms of the warrants require the exercise price to be adjusted under certain circumstances when the Company’s quarterly common stock dividend exceeds $0.34 per share, which began occurring in second quarter 2014. Accordingly, with each quarterly common stock dividend above $0.34 per share, we must calculate whether an adjustment to the exercise price is required by the terms of the warrants, including whether certain minimum thresholds have been met to trigger an adjustment, and notify the holders of any such change. The Board authorized the repurchase by the Company of up to $1 billion of the warrants. At June 30, 2015, there were 36,022,503 warrants outstanding, exercisable at $33.962 per share, and $452 million of unused warrant repurchase authority. Depending on market conditions, we may purchase from time to time additional warrants in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise.


63


Regulatory Reform
Since the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010, the U.S. financial services industry has been subject to a significant increase in regulation and regulatory oversight initiatives. This increased regulation and oversight has substantially changed how most U.S. financial services companies conduct business and has increased their regulatory compliance costs.
The following supplements our discussion of the significant regulations and regulatory oversight initiatives that have affected or may affect our business contained in the “Regulatory Reform” and “Risk Factors” sections of our 2014 Form 10-K. 

REGULATION OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PRODUCTS  The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to ensure consumers receive clear and accurate disclosures regarding financial products and to protect them from hidden fees and unfair or abusive practices. With respect to residential mortgage lending, the CFPB issued a number of final rules in 2013 implementing new origination, notification and other requirements that generally became effective in January 2014. In November 2013, the CFPB also finalized rules integrating disclosures required of lenders and settlement agents under the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA). These rules combine existing separate disclosure forms under the TILA and RESPA into new integrated forms and provide additional limitations on the fees and charges that may be increased from the estimates provided by lenders. These rules were originally scheduled to take effect on August 1, 2015, but the CFPB has adopted an amendment to change the effective date to October 3, 2015. With respect to non-
 
residential mortgage lending, in November 2014, the CFPB issued a proposed rule to expand consumer protections for prepaid products such as prepaid cards. The proposal would make prepaid cards subject to similar consumer protections as more traditional debit and credit cards such as fraud protection and expanded access to account information.
In addition to these rulemaking activities, the CFPB is continuing its on-going supervisory examination activities of the financial services industry with respect to a number of consumer businesses and products, including mortgage lending and servicing, fair lending requirements, student lending activities, and auto finance. At this time, the Company cannot predict the full impact of the CFPB’s rulemaking and supervisory authority on our business practices or financial results.

"LIVING WILL" REQUIREMENTS AND RELATED MATTERS Rules adopted by the FRB and the FDIC under the Dodd-Frank Act require large financial institutions, including Wells Fargo, to prepare and periodically revise resolution plans, so-called “living-wills,” that would facilitate their resolution in the event of material distress or failure. Wells Fargo submitted its third annual resolution plan under these rules on June 29, 2015. Our national bank subsidiary, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., is also required to prepare a resolution plan for the FDIC under separate regulatory authority and submitted its third annual resolution plan on June 29, 2015.





Critical Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies (see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K) are fundamental to understanding our results of operations and financial condition because they require that we use estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Five of these policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. These policies govern:
the allowance for credit losses;
PCI loans;
the valuation of residential MSRs;
the fair valuation of financial instruments; and
income taxes.

Management and the Board's Audit and Examination Committee have reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies. These policies are described further in the “Financial Review – Critical Accounting Policies” section and Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K.


64

Current Accounting Developments (continued)

Current Accounting Developments
The following table provides accounting pronouncements applicable to us that have been issued by the FASB but are not yet effective.


Standard
 
Description
 
Effective date and financial statement impact
Accounting Standards Update (ASU or Update) 2015-07 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)
 
The Update eliminates the disclosure requirement to categorize investments within the fair value hierarchy that are measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient.
 
The guidance is effective for us in first quarter 2016 with retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. The Update will not affect our consolidated financial statements as it impacts only the fair value disclosure requirements for certain investments.

ASU 2015-03 - Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs
 
The Update changes the balance sheet presentation for debt issuance costs. Under the new guidance, debt issuance costs should be reported as a deduction from debt liabilities rather than as a deferred charge classified as an asset.
 
The Update is effective for us in first quarter 2016 with retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact this Update will have on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-02 - Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis
 
The Update primarily amends the criteria companies use to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain variable interest entities that have fee arrangements and the criteria used to determine whether partnerships and similar entities are variable interest entities. The Update also excludes certain money market funds from the consolidation guidance.
 
The changes are effective for us in first quarter 2016 with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact the Update will have on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-01 - Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items
 
The Update removes the concept of extraordinary items from GAAP and eliminates the requirement for extraordinary items to be separately presented in the statement of income.
 
The Update is effective for us in first quarter 2016 with prospective or retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. The Update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2014-16 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share is More Akin to Debt or Equity
 
The Update clarifies that the nature of host contracts in hybrid financial instruments that are issued in share form should be determined based on the entire instrument, including the embedded derivative.
 
The Update is effective for us in first quarter 2016 with retrospective application. The Update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2014-13 - Consolidation (Topic 810): Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity
 
The Update provides a measurement alternative to companies that consolidate collateralized financing entities (CFEs), such as collateralized debt obligation and collateralized loan obligation structures. Under the new guidance, companies can measure both the financial assets and financial liabilities of a CFE using the more observable fair value of the financial assets or of the financial liabilities.
 
These changes are effective for us in first quarter 2016 with early adoption permitted at the beginning of an annual period. The guidance can be applied either retrospectively or by a modified retrospective approach. The Update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

65


Standard
 
Description
 
Effective date and financial statement impact
ASU 2014-12 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved After the Requisite Service Period
 
The Update provides accounting guidance for employee share-based payment awards with specific performance targets. The Update clarifies that performance targets should be treated as performance conditions if the targets affect vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period.
 
The Update is effective for us in first quarter 2016 with early adoption permitted and can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts With Customers (Topic 606)
 
The Update modifies the guidance companies use to recognize revenue from contracts with customers for transfers of goods or services and transfers of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The guidance also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including information about contract balances and performance obligations.
 
In July 2015, the FASB approved a one year deferral of the effective date. Accordingly, the Update is effective for us in first quarter 2018 with retrospective application to prior periods presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment in the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted in first quarter 2017. We are evaluating the impact the Update will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in our other documents filed or furnished with the SEC, and our management may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “target,” “projects,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “can” and similar references to future periods. In particular, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make about: (i) the future operating or financial performance of the Company, including our outlook for future growth; (ii) our noninterest expense and efficiency ratio; (iii) future credit quality and performance, including our expectations regarding future loan losses and allowance levels; (iv) the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses; (v) our expectations regarding net interest income and net interest margin; (vi) loan growth or the reduction or mitigation of risk in our loan portfolios; (vii) future capital levels or targets and our estimated Common Equity Tier 1 ratio under Basel III capital standards; (viii) the performance of our mortgage business and any related exposures; (ix) the expected outcome and impact of legal, regulatory and legislative developments, as well as our expectations regarding compliance therewith; (x) future common stock dividends, common share repurchases and other uses of capital; (xi) our targeted range for return on assets and return on equity; (xii) the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings; and (xiii) the Company’s plans, objectives and strategies.
Forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead represent our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. We caution you, therefore, against relying on any of
 
these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include the following, without limitation:
current and future economic and market conditions, including the effects of declines in housing prices, high unemployment rates, U.S. fiscal debt, budget and tax matters, geopolitical matters, and the overall slowdown in global economic growth;
our capital and liquidity requirements (including under regulatory capital standards, such as the Basel III capital standards) and our ability to generate capital internally or raise capital on favorable terms;
financial services reform and other current, pending or future legislation or regulation that could have a negative effect on our revenue and businesses, including the Dodd-Frank Act and other legislation and regulation relating to bank products and services;
the extent of our success in our loan modification efforts, as well as the effects of regulatory requirements or guidance regarding loan modifications;
the amount of mortgage loan repurchase demands that we receive and our ability to satisfy any such demands without having to repurchase loans related thereto or otherwise indemnify or reimburse third parties, and the credit quality of or losses on such repurchased mortgage loans;
negative effects relating to our mortgage servicing and foreclosure practices, as well as changes in industry standards or practices, regulatory or judicial requirements, penalties or fines, increased servicing and other costs or obligations, including loan modification requirements, or delays or moratoriums on foreclosures;
our ability to realize our efficiency ratio target as part of our expense management initiatives, including as a result of business and economic cyclicality, seasonality, changes in


66

Forward-Looking Statements (continued)

our business composition and operating environment, growth in our businesses and/or acquisitions, and unexpected expenses relating to, among other things, litigation and regulatory matters;
the effect of the current low interest rate environment or changes in interest rates on our net interest income, net interest margin and our mortgage originations, mortgage servicing rights and mortgages held for sale;
a recurrence of significant turbulence or disruption in the capital or financial markets, which could result in, among other things, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans, a reduction in the availability of funding or increased funding costs, and declines in asset values and/or recognition of other-than-temporary impairment on securities held in our investment securities portfolio;
the effect of a fall in stock market prices on our investment banking business and our fee income from our brokerage, asset and wealth management businesses;
reputational damage from negative publicity, protests, fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations and legal actions;
a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of cyber attacks;
the effect of changes in the level of checking or savings account deposits on our funding costs and net interest margin;
fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board; and
 
the other risk factors and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
 
In addition to the above factors, we also caution that the amount and timing of any future common stock dividends or repurchases will depend on the earnings, cash requirements and financial condition of the Company, market conditions, capital requirements (including under Basel capital standards), common stock issuance requirements, applicable law and regulations (including federal securities laws and federal banking regulations), and other factors deemed relevant by the Company’s Board of Directors, and may be subject to regulatory approval or conditions.
For more information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, refer to our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the discussion under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on its website at www.sec.gov. 
Any forward-looking statement made by us speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.


Risk Factors
An investment in the Company involves risk, including the possibility that the value of the investment could fall substantially and that dividends or other distributions on the investment could be reduced or eliminated. For a discussion of risk factors that could adversely affect our financial results and condition, and the value of, and return on, an investment in the Company, we refer you to the “Risk Factors” section of our 2014 Form 10-K.


67


Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management evaluated the effectiveness, as of June 30, 2015, of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer participated in the evaluation. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2015.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and includes those policies and procedures that:
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. No change occurred during second quarter 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

68


Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Income (Unaudited)
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

Interest income
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
483

 
407

 
928

 
781

Investment securities
2,181

 
2,112

 
4,325

 
4,222

Mortgages held for sale
209

 
195

 
386

 
365

Loans held for sale
5

 
1

 
10

 
3

Loans
9,098

 
8,852

 
18,036

 
17,598

Other interest income
250

 
226

 
504

 
436

Total interest income
12,226

 
11,793

 
24,189

 
23,405

Interest expense
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Deposits
232

 
275

 
490

 
554

Short-term borrowings
21

 
14

 
39

 
26

Long-term debt
620

 
620

 
1,224

 
1,239

Other interest expense
83

 
93

 
180

 
180

Total interest expense
956

 
1,002

 
1,933

 
1,999

Net interest income
11,270

 
10,791

 
22,256


21,406

Provision for credit losses
300

 
217

 
908

 
542

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
10,970

 
10,574

 
21,348

 
20,864

Noninterest income
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
1,289

 
1,283

 
2,504

 
2,498

Trust and investment fees
3,710

 
3,609

 
7,387

 
7,021

Card fees
930

 
847

 
1,801

 
1,631

Other fees
1,107

 
1,088

 
2,185

 
2,135

Mortgage banking
1,705

 
1,723

 
3,252

 
3,233

Insurance
461

 
453

 
891

 
885

Net gains from trading activities
133

 
382

 
541

 
814

Net gains on debt securities (1)
181

 
71

 
459

 
154

Net gains from equity investments (2)
517

 
449

 
887

 
1,296

Lease income
155

 
129

 
287

 
262

Other
(140
)
 
241

 
146

 
356

Total noninterest income
10,048

 
10,275

 
20,340

 
20,285

Noninterest expense
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Salaries
3,936

 
3,795

 
7,787

 
7,523

Commission and incentive compensation
2,606

 
2,445

 
5,291

 
4,861

Employee benefits
1,106

 
1,170

 
2,583

 
2,542

Equipment
470

 
445

 
964

 
935

Net occupancy
710

 
722

 
1,433

 
1,464

Core deposit and other intangibles
312

 
349

 
624

 
690

FDIC and other deposit assessments
222

 
225

 
470

 
468

Other
3,107

 
3,043

 
5,824

 
5,659

Total noninterest expense
12,469

 
12,194

 
24,976

 
24,142

Income before income tax expense
8,549

 
8,655

 
16,712


17,007

Income tax expense
2,763

 
2,869

 
5,042

 
5,146

Net income before noncontrolling interests
5,786

 
5,786

 
11,670


11,861

Less: Net income from noncontrolling interests
67

 
60

 
147

 
242

Wells Fargo net income
$
5,719

 
5,726

 
11,523


11,619

Less: Preferred stock dividends and other
356

 
302

 
699

 
588

Wells Fargo net income applicable to common stock
$
5,363

 
5,424

 
10,824

 
11,031

Per share information
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share
$
1.04

 
1.02

 
2.10

 
2.09

Diluted earnings per common share
1.03

 
1.01

 
2.07

 
2.06

Dividends declared per common share
0.375

 
0.35

 
0.725

 
0.65

Average common shares outstanding
5,151.9

 
5,268.4

 
5,156.1

 
5,265.6

Diluted average common shares outstanding
5,220.5

 
5,350.8

 
5,233.2

 
5,353.2

(1)
Total other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses were $10 million and $3 million for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively. Of total OTTI, losses of $20 million and $13 million were recognized in earnings, and reversal of losses of $(10) million and $(10) million were recognized as non-credit-related OTTI in other comprehensive income for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total other-than-temporary impairment losses (reversal of losses) were $4 million and $(11) million for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively. Of total OTTI, losses of $51 million and $20 million were recognized in earnings, and reversal of losses of $(47) million and $(31) million were recognized as non-credit-related OTTI in other comprehensive income for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(2)
Includes OTTI losses of $76 million and $69 million for second quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $118 million and $197 million for the first half of 2015 and 2014, respectively. 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

69


Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter ended June 30,
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

Wells Fargo net income
 
$
5,719

 
5,726

 
11,523

 
11,619

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
 
(1,969
)
 
2,085

 
(1,576
)
 
4,810

Reclassification of net gains to net income
 
(218
)
 
(150
)
 
(518
)
 
(544
)
Derivatives and hedging activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
 
(488
)
 
212

 
464

 
256

Reclassification of net gains on cash flow hedges to net income
 
(268
)
 
(115
)
 
(502
)
 
(221
)
Defined benefit plans adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial losses arising during the period
 

 
(12
)
 
(11
)
 
(12
)
Amortization of net actuarial loss, settlements and other to net income
 
30

 
20

 
73

 
38

Foreign currency translation adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
 
10

 
17

 
(45
)
 

Reclassification of net losses to net income
 

 

 

 
6

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
 
(2,903
)
 
2,057

 
(2,115
)
 
4,333

Income tax (expense) benefit related to other comprehensive income
 
1,040

 
(816
)
 
812

 
(1,647
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(1,863
)
 
1,241

 
(1,303
)
 
2,686

Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) from noncontrolling interests
 
(154
)
 
(124
)
 
147

 
(45
)
Wells Fargo other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(1,709
)
 
1,365

 
(1,450
)
 
2,731

Wells Fargo comprehensive income
 
4,010

 
7,091

 
10,073

 
14,350

Comprehensive income (loss) from noncontrolling interests
 
(87
)
 
(64
)
 
294

 
197

Total comprehensive income
 
$
3,923

 
7,027

 
10,367

 
14,547


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

70


Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
 
(in millions, except shares)
Jun 30,
2015

 
Dec 31,
2014

Assets
(Unaudited)

 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
19,687

 
19,571

Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
232,247

 
258,429

Trading assets
80,236

 
78,255

Investment securities:
 
 
  
Available-for-sale, at fair value 
260,667

 
257,442

Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value $80,315 and $56,359) 
80,102

 
55,483

Mortgages held for sale (includes $21,539 and $15,565 carried at fair value) (1) 
25,447

 
19,536

Loans held for sale (includes $0 and $1 carried at fair value) (1) 
621

 
722

Loans (includes $5,651 and $5,788 carried at fair value) (1)
888,459

 
862,551

Allowance for loan losses 
(11,754
)
 
(12,319
)
Net loans
876,705

 
850,232

Mortgage servicing rights: 
 
 
 
Measured at fair value 
12,661

 
12,738

Amortized 
1,262

 
1,242

Premises and equipment, net 
8,692

 
8,743

Goodwill 
25,705

 
25,705

Other assets (includes $2,636 and $2,512 carried at fair value) (1) 
96,585

 
99,057

Total assets (2) 
$
1,720,617

 
1,687,155

Liabilities 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits 
$
343,582

 
321,963

Interest-bearing deposits 
842,246

 
846,347

Total deposits 
1,185,828

 
1,168,310

Short-term borrowings 
82,963

 
63,518

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
81,399

 
86,122

Long-term debt 
179,751

 
183,943

Total liabilities (3) 
1,529,941

 
1,501,893

Equity 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo stockholders' equity: 
 
 
 
Preferred stock 
21,649

 
19,213

Common stock – $1-2/3 par value, authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 5,481,811,474 and 5,481,811,474 shares 
9,136

 
9,136

Additional paid-in capital 
60,154

 
60,537

Retained earnings 
114,093

 
107,040

 Cumulative other comprehensive income
2,068

 
3,518

Treasury stock – 336,576,217 shares and 311,462,276 shares 
(15,707
)
 
(13,690
)
Unearned ESOP shares 
(1,835
)
 
(1,360
)
Total Wells Fargo stockholders' equity 
189,558

 
184,394

Noncontrolling interests 
1,118

 
868

Total equity 
190,676

 
185,262

Total liabilities and equity
$
1,720,617

 
1,687,155

(1)
Parenthetical amounts represent assets and liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option.
(2)
Our consolidated assets at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, include the following assets of certain variable interest entities (VIEs) that can only be used to settle the liabilities of those VIEs: Cash and due from banks, $122 million and $117 million; Trading assets, $1 million and $0 million; Investment securities, $690 million and $875 million; Net loans, $5.1 billion and $4.5 billion; Other assets, $302 million and $316 million, and Total assets, $6.2 billion and $5.8 billion, respectively.
(3)
Our consolidated liabilities at June 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, include the following VIE liabilities for which the VIE creditors do not have recourse to Wells Fargo: Accrued expenses and other liabilities, $60 million and $49 million; Long-term debt, $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion; and Total liabilities, $1.5 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively. 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

71



Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
 
 
Common stock
 
(in millions, except shares)
Shares

 
Amount

 
Shares

 
Amount

Balance January 1, 2014
10,881,195

 
$
16,267

 
5,257,162,705

 
$
9,136

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock issued
 
 
 
 
50,949,650

 
 
Common stock repurchased (1)
 
 
 
 
(72,897,568
)
 
 
Preferred stock issued to ESOP
1,217,000

 
1,217

 
 
 
 
Preferred stock released by ESOP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock converted to common shares
(735,699
)
 
(735
)
 
14,679,903

 
 
Common stock warrants repurchased/exercised
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock issued
80,000

 
2,000

 
 
 
 
Common stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit from stock incentive compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock incentive compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change
561,301


2,482


(7,268,015
)


Balance June 30, 2014
11,442,496


$
18,749


5,249,894,690


$
9,136

Balance January 1, 2015
11,138,818

 
$
19,213

 
5,170,349,198

 
$
9,136

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock issued
 
 
 
 
52,509,675

 
 
Common stock repurchased (1)
 
 
 
 
(84,705,380
)
 
 
Preferred stock issued to ESOP
826,598

 
826

 
 
 
 
Preferred stock released by ESOP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock converted to common shares
(391,014
)
 
(390
)
 
7,081,764

 
 
Common stock warrants repurchased/exercised
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock issued
80,000

 
2,000

 
 
 
 
Common stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax benefit from stock incentive compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock incentive compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in deferred compensation and related plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change
515,584


2,436


(25,113,941
)


Balance June 30, 2015
11,654,402


$
21,649


5,145,235,257


$
9,136

(1)
For the first half of 2015, includes $750 million related to a private forward repurchase transaction entered into in second quarter 2015 that settled in third quarter 2015 for 13.6 million shares of common stock. For the first half of 2014, includes $1.0 billion related to a private forward repurchase transaction entered into in second quarter 2014 that settled in July 2014 for 19.5 million shares of common stock.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.


72



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

 
  
 
  
 
Wells Fargo stockholders' equity
 
 
  
 
  
Additional
paid-in
capital

 
Retained
earnings

 
Cumulative
other
comprehensive
income

 
Treasury
stock

 
Unearned
ESOP
shares

 
Total
Wells Fargo
stockholders'
equity

 
Noncontrolling
interests

 
Total
equity

60,296

 
92,361

 
1,386

 
(8,104
)
 
(1,200
)
 
170,142

 
866

 
171,008

 
 
11,619

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,619

 
242

 
11,861

 
 
 
 
2,731

 
 
 
 
 
2,731

 
(45
)
 
2,686

(1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1
)
 
(373
)
 
(374
)
(176
)
 


 
 
 
1,749

 
 
 
1,573

 
 
 
1,573

(500
)
 
 
 
 
 
(3,479
)
 
 
 
(3,979
)
 
 
 
(3,979
)
108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,325
)
 

 
 
 

(66
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
801

 
735

 
 
 
735

182

 
 
 
 
 
553

 
 
 

 
 
 



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

(5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,995

 
 
 
1,995

44

 
(3,467
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,423
)
 
 
 
(3,423
)
 
 
(587
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(587
)
 
 
 
(587
)
330

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
330

 
 
 
330

538

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
538

 
 
 
538

(824
)
 
 
 
 
 
10

 
 
 
(814
)
 
 
 
(814
)
(370
)

7,565


2,731


(1,167
)

(524
)

10,717


(176
)

10,541

59,926


99,926


4,117


(9,271
)

(1,724
)

180,859


690


181,549

60,537

 
107,040

 
3,518

 
(13,690
)
 
(1,360
)
 
184,394

 
868

 
185,262

 
 
11,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,523

 
147

 
11,670

 
 
 
 
(1,450
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1,450
)
 
147

 
(1,303
)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
(44
)
 
(44
)
(397
)
 
 
 
 
 
2,226

 
 
 
1,829

 
 
 
1,829



 
 
 
 
 
(4,586
)
 
 
 
(4,586
)
 
 
 
(4,586
)
74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(900
)
 

 
 
 

(35
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
425

 
390

 
 
 
390

65

 
 
 
 
 
325

 
 
 

 
 
 

(32
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(32
)
 
 
 
(32
)
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,997

 
 
 
1,997

34

 
(3,771
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,737
)
 
 
 
(3,737
)
 
 
(699
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(699
)
 
 
 
(699
)
409

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
409

 
 
 
409

542

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
542

 
 
 
542

(1,040
)
 
 
 
 
 
18

 
 
 
(1,022
)
 
 
 
(1,022
)
(383
)

7,053


(1,450
)

(2,017
)

(475
)

5,164


250


5,414

60,154


114,093


2,068


(15,707
)

(1,835
)

189,558


1,118


190,676



73



Wells Fargo & Company and Subsidiaries
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions)
2015

 
2014

Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income before noncontrolling interests
$
11,670

 
11,861

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
  

Provision for credit losses
908

 
542

Changes in fair value of MSRs, MHFS and LHFS carried at fair value
(90
)
 
1,040

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
1,558

 
1,303

Other net gains
(3,125
)
 
(118
)
Stock-based compensation
1,178

 
1,144

Excess tax benefits related to stock incentive compensation
(409
)
 
(330
)
Originations of MHFS
(94,133
)
 
(68,250
)
Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on mortgages originated for sale
67,608

 
54,849

Proceeds from sales of and principal collected on LHFS
6

 
192

Purchases of LHFS
(27
)
 
(102
)
Net change in:
 
 
  

Trading assets
19,792

 
2,679

Deferred income taxes
(364
)
 
(470
)
Accrued interest receivable
(382
)
 
3

Accrued interest payable
186

 
326

Other assets
2,284

 
(6,170
)
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
(5,796
)
 
1,103

Net cash provided (used) by operating activities
864

 
(398
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Net change in:
  
 
  
Federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and other short-term investments
26,044

 
(23,667
)
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
Sales proceeds
10,143

 
1,670

Prepayments and maturities
15,847

 
16,573

Purchases
(34,968
)
 
(10,954
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
Paydowns and maturities
2,821

 
3,422

Purchases
(22,734
)
 
(20,637
)
Nonmarketable equity investments:
 
 
 
Sales proceeds
1,894

 
1,897

Purchases
(792
)
 
(1,565
)
Loans:
 
 
 
Loans originated by banking subsidiaries, net of principal collected
(22,290
)
 
(29,987
)
Proceeds from sales (including participations) of loans held for investment
5,248

 
9,209

Purchases (including participations) of loans
(10,873
)
 
(2,783
)
Principal collected on nonbank entities’ loans
5,220

 
6,455

Loans originated by nonbank entities
(6,452
)
 
(6,054
)
Net cash paid for acquisitions

 
(174
)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets and short sales
3,962

 
4,299

Net cash from purchases and sales of MSRs
(45
)
 
(72
)
Other, net
(1,151
)
 
(377
)
Net cash used by investing activities
(28,126
)
 
(52,745
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Net change in:
  

 
  

Deposits
17,756

 
39,400

Short-term borrowings
19,445

 
7,966

Long-term debt:
 
 
  

Proceeds from issuance
13,835

 
18,493

Repayment
(18,104
)
 
(6,733
)
Preferred stock:
 
 
  

Proceeds from issuance
1,997