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Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2013
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures provides a single definition of fair value and requires certain disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value.  A hierarchical framework for disclosing the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value is established by this guidance.  The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.  The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices.

Level 2 Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.  The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts, or priced with discounted cash flow or option pricing models using highly observable inputs.

Level 3 Significant inputs to pricing have little or no observability as of the reporting date.  The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those valued with models requiring significant management judgment or estimation.

Specific valuation methods include the following:

Cash equivalents The fair values of cash equivalents are generally based on cost plus accrued interest; money market funds are measured using quoted net asset values.

Investments in equity securities and other funds Equity securities are valued using quoted prices in active markets.  The fair values for commingled funds, international equity funds, private equity investments and real estate investments are measured using net asset values, which take into consideration the value of underlying fund investments, as well as the other accrued assets and liabilities of a fund, in order to determine a per-share market value.  The investments in commingled funds and international equity funds may be redeemed for net asset value with proper notice.  Private equity investments require approval of the fund for any unscheduled redemption, and such redemptions may be approved or denied by the fund at its sole discretion.  Unscheduled distributions from real estate investments may be redeemed with proper notice; however, withdrawals from real estate investments may be delayed or discounted as a result of fund illiquidity.  Based on Xcel Energy’s evaluation of its ability to redeem private equity and real estate investments, fair value measurements for private equity and real estate investments have been assigned a Level 3.

Investments in debt securities Fair values for debt securities are determined by a third party pricing service using recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities.

Interest rate derivatives The fair values of interest rate derivatives are based on broker quotes that utilize current market interest rate forecasts.

Commodity derivatives The methods used to measure the fair value of commodity derivative forwards and options utilize forward prices and volatilities, as well as pricing adjustments for specific delivery locations, and are generally assigned a Level 2.  When contractual settlements extend to periods beyond those readily observable on active exchanges or quoted by brokers, the significance of the use of less observable forecasts of long-term forward prices and volatilities on a valuation is evaluated, and may result in Level 3 classification.

Electric commodity derivatives held by NSP-Minnesota include financial transmission rights (FTRs) purchased from Midcontinent Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. (MISO).  FTRs purchased from MISO are financial instruments that entitle or obligate the holder to monthly revenues or charges based on transmission congestion across a given transmission path.  The value of an FTR is derived from, and designed to offset, the cost of energy congestion, which is caused by overall transmission load and other transmission constraints.  In addition to overall transmission load, congestion is also influenced by the operating schedules of power plants and the consumption of electricity pertinent to a given transmission path.  Unplanned plant outages, scheduled plant maintenance, changes in the relative costs of fuels used in generation, weather and overall changes in demand for electricity can each impact the operating schedules of the power plants on the transmission grid and the value of an FTR.  NSP-Minnesota’s valuation process for FTRs utilizes complex iterative modeling to predict the impacts of forecasted changes in these drivers of transmission system congestion on the historical pricing of FTR purchases.

If forecasted costs of electric transmission congestion increase or decrease for a given FTR path, the value of that particular FTR instrument will likewise increase or decrease.  Given the limited observability of management’s forecasts for several of the inputs to this complex valuation model – including expected plant operating schedules and retail and wholesale demand, fair value measurements for FTRs have been assigned a Level 3.  Non-trading monthly FTR settlements are included in the fuel clause adjustment, and therefore changes in the fair value of the yet to be settled portions of FTRs are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability.  Given this regulatory treatment and the limited magnitude of NSP-Minnesota’s FTRs relative to its electric utility operations, the numerous unobservable quantitative inputs to the complex model used for valuation of FTRs are insignificant to the consolidated financial statements of Xcel Energy.

Non-Derivative Instruments Fair Value Measurements

The NRC requires NSP-Minnesota to maintain a portfolio of investments to fund the costs of decommissioning its nuclear generating plants.  Together with all accumulated earnings or losses, the assets of the nuclear decommissioning fund are legally restricted for the purpose of decommissioning the Monticello and Prairie Island nuclear generating plants.  The fund contains cash equivalents, debt securities, equity securities and other investments – all classified as available-for-sale.  NSP-Minnesota plans to reinvest matured securities until decommissioning begins.  The MPUC approved NSP-Minnesota’s proposed change in escrow fund investment strategy in September 2012.  The MPUC approved an asset allocation for the escrow and investment targets by asset class for both the escrow and qualified trust.

NSP-Minnesota recognizes the costs of funding the decommissioning of its nuclear generating plants over the lives of the plants, assuming rate recovery of all costs.  Given the purpose and legal restrictions on the use of nuclear decommissioning fund assets, realized and unrealized gains on fund investments over the life of the fund are deferred as an offset of NSP-Minnesota’s regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning costs.  Consequently, any realized and unrealized gains and losses on securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, including any other-than-temporary impairments, are deferred as a component of the regulatory asset for nuclear decommissioning.

Unrealized gains for the nuclear decommissioning fund were $169.6 million and $135.8 million at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, respectively, and unrealized losses and amounts recorded as other-than-temporary impairments were $81.6 million and $46.4 million at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, respectively.

The following tables present the cost and fair value of Xcel Energy’s non-derivative instruments with recurring fair value measurements in the nuclear decommissioning fund at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012:
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Cost
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Nuclear decommissioning fund (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash equivalents
 
$
32,663

 
$
32,663

 
$

 
$

 
$
32,663

Commingled funds
 
415,197

 

 
414,899

 

 
414,899

International equity funds
 
66,452

 

 
65,606

 

 
65,606

Private equity investments
 
36,496

 

 

 
45,590

 
45,590

Real estate
 
30,357

 

 

 
38,140

 
38,140

Debt securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Government securities
 
56,017

 

 
49,702

 

 
49,702

U.S. corporate bonds
 
131,917

 

 
134,571

 

 
134,571

International corporate bonds
 
18,859

 

 
18,703

 

 
18,703

Municipal bonds
 
190,353

 

 
182,225

 

 
182,225

Equity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Common stock
 
429,086

 
513,339

 

 

 
513,339

Total
 
$
1,407,397

 
$
546,002

 
$
865,706

 
$
83,730

 
$
1,495,438


(a) 
Reported in nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments on the consolidated balance sheet, which also includes $88.7 million of equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and $38.8 million of miscellaneous investments.
 
 
Dec. 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Cost
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Nuclear decommissioning fund (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash equivalents
 
$
246,904

 
$
237,938

 
$
8,966

 
$

 
$
246,904

Commingled funds
 
396,681

 

 
417,583

 

 
417,583

International equity funds
 
66,452

 

 
69,481

 

 
69,481

Private equity investments
 
27,943

 

 

 
33,250

 
33,250

Real estate
 
32,561

 

 

 
39,074

 
39,074

Debt securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Government securities
 
21,092

 

 
21,521

 

 
21,521

U.S. corporate bonds
 
162,053

 

 
169,488

 

 
169,488

International corporate bonds
 
15,165

 

 
16,052

 

 
16,052

Municipal bonds
 
21,392

 

 
23,650

 

 
23,650

Asset-backed securities
 
2,066

 

 

 
2,067

 
2,067

Mortgage-backed securities
 
28,743

 

 

 
30,209

 
30,209

Equity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Common stock
 
379,093

 
420,263

 

 

 
420,263

Total
 
$
1,400,145

 
$
658,201

 
$
726,741

 
$
104,600

 
$
1,489,542


(a) 
Reported in nuclear decommissioning fund and other investments on the consolidated balance sheet, which also includes $91.2 million of equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and $37.1 million of miscellaneous investments.

The following tables present the changes in Level 3 nuclear decommissioning fund investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
April 1, 2013
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Gains
Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
June 30, 2013
Private equity investments
 
$
34,506

 
$
7,298

 
$

 
$
3,786

 
$

 
$
45,590

Real estate
 
40,406

 
2,032

 
(4,723
)
 
425

 

 
38,140

Total
 
$
74,912

 
$
9,330

 
$
(4,723
)
 
$
4,211

 
$

 
$
83,730


(Thousands of Dollars)
 
April 1, 2012
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Gains (Losses)
Recognized as
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
June 30, 2012
Private equity investments
 
$
20,068

 
$
3,235

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,303

Real estate
 
27,905

 
2,271

 

 
2,545

 

 
32,721

Asset-backed securities
 
16,547

 

 
(9,458
)
 
(21
)
 

 
7,068

Mortgage-backed securities
68,671

 
7,414

 
(9,690
)
 
(74
)
 

 
66,321

Total
 
$
133,191

 
$
12,920

 
$
(19,148
)
 
$
2,450

 
$

 
$
129,413


(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Jan. 1, 2013
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Gains
Recognized as
Regulatory Liabilities
 
Transfers Out of Level 3 (a)
 
June 30, 2013
Private equity investments
 
$
33,250

 
$
8,554

 
$

 
$
3,786

 
$

 
$
45,590

Real estate
 
39,074

 
6,818

 
(9,022
)
 
1,270

 

 
38,140

Asset-backed securities
 
2,067

 

 

 

 
(2,067
)
 

Mortgage-backed securities
 
30,209

 

 

 

 
(30,209
)
 

Total
 
$
104,600

 
$
15,372

 
$
(9,022
)
 
$
5,056

 
$
(32,276
)
 
$
83,730


(a) 
Transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 were principally due to diminished use of unobservable inputs that were previously significant to these fair value measurements.
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Jan. 1, 2012
 
Purchases
 
Settlements
 
Gains (Losses)
Recognized as
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
June 30, 2012
Private equity investments
 
$
9,203

 
$
13,390

 
$

 
$
710

 
$

 
$
23,303

Real estate
 
26,395

 
3,907

 
(1,766
)
 
4,185

 

 
32,721

Asset-backed securities
 
16,501

 

 
(9,459
)
 
26

 

 
7,068

Mortgage-backed securities
 
78,664

 
14,318

 
(26,418
)
 
(243
)
 

 
66,321

Total
 
$
130,763

 
$
31,615

 
$
(37,643
)
 
$
4,678

 
$

 
$
129,413



The following table summarizes the final contractual maturity dates of the debt securities in the nuclear decommissioning fund, by asset class, at June 30, 2013:
 
 
Final Contractual Maturity
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Due in 1 Year
or Less
 
Due in 1 to 5
Years
 
Due in 5 to 10
Years
 
Due after 10
Years
 
Total
Government securities
 
$

 
$
2,793

 
$
11,211

 
$
35,698

 
$
49,702

U.S. corporate bonds
 
1,734

 
39,998

 
81,716

 
11,123

 
134,571

International corporate bonds
 

 
3,115

 
14,588

 
1,000

 
18,703

Municipal bonds
 
3,790

 
24,313

 
26,270

 
127,852

 
182,225

Debt securities
 
$
5,524

 
$
70,219

 
$
133,785

 
$
175,673

 
$
385,201



Derivative Instruments Fair Value Measurements

Xcel Energy enters into derivative instruments, including forward contracts, futures, swaps and options, for trading purposes and to manage risk in connection with changes in interest rates, utility commodity prices and vehicle fuel prices.

Interest Rate Derivatives — Xcel Energy enters into various instruments that effectively fix the interest payments on certain floating rate debt obligations or effectively fix the yield or price on a specified benchmark interest rate for an anticipated debt issuance for a specific period.  These derivative instruments are generally designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

At June 30, 2013, accumulated other comprehensive losses related to interest rate derivatives included $2.3 million of net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the related hedged interest rate transactions impact earnings, including forecasted amounts for any unsettled hedges.

Wholesale and Commodity Trading Risk — Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries conduct various wholesale and commodity trading activities, including the purchase and sale of electric capacity, energy and energy-related instruments.  Xcel Energy’s risk management policy allows management to conduct these activities within guidelines and limitations as approved by its risk management committee, which is made up of management personnel not directly involved in the activities governed by this policy.

Commodity Derivatives — Xcel Energy enters into derivative instruments to manage variability of future cash flows from changes in commodity prices in its electric and natural gas operations, as well as for trading purposes.  This could include the purchase or sale of energy or energy-related products, natural gas to generate electric energy, natural gas for resale and vehicle fuel.

At June 30, 2013, Xcel Energy had various vehicle fuel contracts designated as cash flow hedges extending through December 2016. Xcel Energy also enters into derivative instruments that mitigate commodity price risk on behalf of electric and natural gas customers but are not designated as qualifying hedging transactions.  Changes in the fair value of non-trading commodity derivative instruments are recorded in other comprehensive income or deferred as a regulatory asset or liability.  The classification as a regulatory asset or liability is based on commission approved regulatory recovery mechanisms.  Xcel Energy recorded immaterial amounts to income related to the ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

At June 30, 2013, net gains related to commodity derivative cash flow hedges recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive losses included $0.1 million of net gains expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions occur.

Additionally, Xcel Energy enters into commodity derivative instruments for trading purposes not directly related to commodity price risks associated with serving its electric and natural gas customers.  Changes in the fair value of these commodity derivatives are recorded in electric operating revenues, net of amounts credited to customers under margin-sharing mechanisms.

The following table details the gross notional amounts of commodity forwards, options and FTRs at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012:
(Amounts in Thousands) (a)(b)
 
June 30, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
Megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity
 
79,276

 
55,976

Million British thermal units (MMBtu) of natural gas
 
4,843

 
725

Gallons of vehicle fuel
 
582

 
682

 
(a) 
Amounts are not reflective of net positions in the underlying commodities.
(b) 
Notional amounts for options are included on a gross basis, but are weighted for the probability of exercise.

Consideration of Credit Risk and Concentrations — Xcel Energy continuously monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties to its interest rate derivatives and commodity derivative contracts prior to settlement, and assesses each counterparty’s ability to perform on the transactions set forth in the contracts.  Given this assessment, as well as an assessment of the impact of Xcel Energy’s own credit risk when determining the fair value of derivative liabilities, the impact of considering credit risk was immaterial to the fair value of unsettled commodity derivatives presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

Xcel Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries employ additional credit risk control mechanisms when appropriate, such as letters of credit, parental guarantees, standardized master netting agreements and termination provisions that allow for offsetting of positive and negative exposures.  Credit exposure is monitored and, when necessary, the activity with a specific counterparty is limited until credit enhancement is provided.

Xcel Energy’s utility subsidiaries’ most significant concentrations of credit risk with particular entities or industries are contracts with counterparties to their wholesale, trading and non-trading commodity activities.  At June 30, 2013, five of Xcel Energy’s 10 most significant counterparties for these activities, comprising $81.6 million or 28 percent of this credit exposure, had investment grade credit ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings.  Four of the 10 most significant counterparties, comprising $55.6 million or 19 percent of this credit exposure at June 30, 2013, were not rated by these agencies, but based on Xcel Energy’s internal analysis, had credit quality consistent with investment grade.  Another of these significant counterparties, comprising $7.9 million or 3 percent of this credit exposure at June 30, 2013, had credit quality less than investment grade, based on Xcel Energy’s internal analysis. All 10 of these significant counterparties are municipal or cooperative electric entities or other utilities, and no single counterparty comprised greater than 10 percent of Xcel Energy’s credit exposure at June 30, 2013.

Financial Impact of Qualifying Cash Flow Hedges — The impact of qualifying interest rate and vehicle fuel cash flow hedges on Xcel Energy’s accumulated other comprehensive loss, included in the consolidated statements of common stockholders’ equity and in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, is detailed in the following table:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
2013
 
2012
Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges at April 1
 
$
(61,533
)
 
$
(20,165
)
After-tax net unrealized losses related to derivatives accounted for as hedges
 
(44
)
 
(35,727
)
After-tax net realized losses on derivative transactions reclassified into earnings
 
694

 
182

Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges at June 30
 
$
(60,883
)
 
$
(55,710
)

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
2013
 
2012
Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges at Jan. 1
 
$
(61,241
)
 
$
(45,738
)
After-tax net unrealized losses related to derivatives accounted for as hedges
 
(31
)
 
(10,335
)
After-tax net realized losses on derivative transactions reclassified into earnings
 
389

 
363

Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to cash flow hedges at June 30
 
$
(60,883
)
 
$
(55,710
)


The following tables detail the impact of derivative activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, on accumulated other comprehensive loss, regulatory assets and liabilities, and income:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
Pre-Tax Fair Value
Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in:
 
Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses
Reclassified into Income
During the Period from:
 
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and(Liabilities)
 
Pre-Tax Losses Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Interest rate
 
$

 
$

 
$
1,162

(a) 
$

 
$

 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
(73
)
 

 
(17
)
(b) 

 

 
Total
 
$
(73
)
 
$

 
$
1,145

 
$

 
$

 
Other derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Commodity trading
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(498
)
(c) 
Electric commodity
 

 
53,974

 

 
(13,764
)
(d) 

 
Natural gas commodity
 

 
(3,427
)
 

 

 
(244
)
(d) 
Total
 
$

 
$
50,547

 
$

 
$
(13,764
)

$
(742
)
 

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
Pre-Tax Fair Value
Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in:
 
Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses
Reclassified into Income
During the Period from:
 
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 
Pre-Tax Gains
(Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$

 
$

 
$
2,312

(a) 
$

 
$

 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
(48
)
 

 
(42
)
(b) 

 

 
Total
 
$
(48
)
 
$

 
$
2,270

 
$

 
$

 
Other derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Commodity trading
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,278

(c) 
Electric commodity
 

 
60,393

 

 
(28,993
)
(d) 

 
Natural gas commodity
 

 
(3,374
)
 

 
9

(e) 
(228
)
(d) 
Total
 
$

 
$
57,019

 
$

 
$
(28,984
)
 
$
2,050

 

 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
Pre-Tax Fair Value
Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in:
 
Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses
Reclassified into Income
During the Period from:
 
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and(Liabilities)
 
Pre-Tax Gains
Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Interest rate
 
$
(58,695
)
 
$

 
$
389

(a) 
$

 
$

 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
(196
)
 

 
(49
)
(b) 

 

 
Total
 
$
(58,891
)
 
$

 
$
340

 
$

 
$

 
Other derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Commodity trading
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,589

(c) 
Electric commodity
 

 
38,174

 

 
(9,713
)
(d) 

 
Natural gas commodity
 

 
885

 

 




Total
 
$

 
$
39,059

 
$

 
$
(9,713
)
 
$
1,589

 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
 
 
Pre-Tax Fair Value
Gains (Losses) Recognized
During the Period in:
 
Pre-Tax (Gains) Losses
Reclassified into Income
During the Period from:
 
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
(Assets) and Liabilities
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Regulatory
Assets and (Liabilities)
 
Pre-Tax Gains
(Losses) Recognized
During the Period in Income
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
 
$
(16,991
)
 
$

 
$
777

(a) 
$

 
$

 
Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
(17
)
 

 
(100
)
(b) 

 

 
Total
 
$
(17,008
)
 
$

 
$
677

 
$

 
$

 
Other derivative instruments
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity trading
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,312

(c) 
Electric commodity
 

 
39,756

 

 
(17,685
)
(d) 

  
Natural gas commodity
 

 
(9,898
)
 

 
80,939

(e) 
(109
)
(d) 
Total
 
$

 
$
29,858

 
$

 
$
63,254

 
$
3,203

 

(a) 
Amounts are recorded to interest charges.
(b) 
Amounts are recorded to O&M expenses.
(c) 
Amounts are recorded to electric operating revenues.  Portions of these gains and losses are subject to sharing with electric customers through margin-sharing mechanisms and deducted from gross revenue, as appropriate.
(d) 
Amounts are recorded to electric fuel and purchased power.  These derivative settlement gains and losses are shared with electric customers through fuel and purchased energy cost-recovery mechanisms, and reclassified out of income as regulatory assets or liabilities, as appropriate.
(e) 
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2012 included $5.0 million of settlement losses on derivatives entered to mitigate natural gas price risk for electric generation, recorded to electric fuel and purchased power, subject to cost-recovery mechanisms and reclassified to a regulatory asset, as appropriate.  Such losses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 were immaterial.  The remaining settlement losses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 relate to natural gas operations and are recorded to cost of natural gas sold and transported.  These losses are subject to cost-recovery mechanisms and reclassified out of income to a regulatory asset, as appropriate.

Xcel Energy had no derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.  Therefore, no gains or losses from fair value hedges or related hedged transactions were recognized for these periods.

Credit Related Contingent Features  Contract provisions for derivative instruments that the utility subsidiaries enter, including those recorded to the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, as well as those accounted for as normal purchase-normal sale (NPNS) contracts and therefore not reflected on the balance sheet, may require the posting of collateral or settlement of the contracts for various reasons, including if the applicable utility subsidiary is unable to maintain its credit ratings.  If the credit ratings of Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries were downgraded below investment grade, derivative instruments reflected in a $23.3 million and $4.6 million gross liability position on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, respectively, would have required Xcel Energy Inc.’s utility subsidiaries to post collateral or settle outstanding contracts, including other contracts subject to master netting agreements, which would have resulted in payments of $3.8 million and $4.6 million at June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, respectively.  At June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, there was no collateral posted on these specific contracts.

Certain derivative instruments are also subject to contract provisions that contain adequate assurance clauses.  These provisions allow counterparties to seek performance assurance, including cash collateral, in the event that a given utility subsidiary’s ability to fulfill its contractual obligations is reasonably expected to be impaired.  Xcel Energy had no collateral posted related to adequate assurance clauses in derivative contracts as of June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements — The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, Xcel Energy’s derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2013:
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Fair Value Total
 
Counterparty
Netting (b)
 
Total
Current derivative assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
$

 
$
61

 
$

 
$
61

 
$

 
$
61

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 

 
23,508

 
2,349

 
25,857

 
(8,008
)
 
17,849

Electric commodity
 

 

 
50,105

 
50,105

 
(2,823
)
 
47,282

Natural gas commodity
 

 
1,999

 

 
1,999

 
(2
)
 
1,997

Total current derivative assets
 
$

 
$
25,568

 
$
52,454

 
$
78,022

 
$
(10,833
)
 
67,189

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
33,026

Current derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
100,215

Noncurrent derivative assets
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
$

 
$
26

 
$

 
$
26

 
$
(14
)
 
$
12

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 

 
28,867

 
55

 
28,922

 
(3,410
)
 
25,512

Total noncurrent derivative assets
 
$

 
$
28,893

 
$
55

 
$
28,948

 
$
(3,424
)
 
25,524

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
74,789

Noncurrent derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
100,313

Current derivative liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 
$

 
$
15,116

 
$
2,468

 
$
17,584

 
$
(11,060
)
 
$
6,524

Electric commodity
 

 

 
2,823

 
2,823

 
(2,823
)
 

Natural gas commodity
 

 
231

 

 
231

 
(2
)
 
229

Total current derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
15,347

 
$
5,291

 
$
20,638

 
$
(13,885
)
 
6,753

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
23,144

Current derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
29,897

Noncurrent derivative liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 
$

 
$
10,741

 
$

 
$
10,741

 
$
(3,424
)
 
$
7,317

Total noncurrent derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
10,741

 
$

 
$
10,741

 
$
(3,424
)
 
7,317

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
215,258

Noncurrent derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
222,575


(a) 
In 2003, as a result of implementing new guidance on the normal purchase exception for derivative accounting, Xcel Energy began recording several long-term purchased power agreements at fair value due to accounting requirements related to underlying price adjustments.  As these purchases are recovered through normal regulatory recovery mechanisms in the respective jurisdictions, the changes in fair value for these contracts were offset by regulatory assets and liabilities.  During 2006, Xcel Energy qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception.  Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.
(b) 
Xcel Energy nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its consolidated balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at June 30, 2013.  The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.

The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, Xcel Energy’s derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2012:
 
 
Dec. 31, 2012
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Counterparty
 
 
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Netting (b)
 
Total
Current derivative assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
$

 
$
95

 
$

 
$
95

 
$

 
$
95

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 

 
26,303

 
692

 
26,995

 
(6,675
)
 
20,320

Electric commodity
 

 

 
16,724

 
16,724

 
(843
)
 
15,881

Natural gas commodity
 

 
7

 

 
7

 
(7
)
 

Total current derivative assets
$

 
$
26,405

 
$
17,416

 
$
43,821

 
$
(7,525
)
 
36,296

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
32,717

Current derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
69,013

Noncurrent derivative assets
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Vehicle fuel and other commodity
 
$

 
$
86

 
$

 
$
86

 
$
(47
)
 
$
39

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 

 
41,282

 
77

 
41,359

 
(4,162
)
 
37,197

Total noncurrent derivative assets
$

 
$
41,368

 
$
77

 
$
41,445

 
$
(4,209
)
 
37,236

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
89,061

Noncurrent derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
126,297

Current derivative liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 
$

 
$
18,622

 
$
1

 
$
18,623

 
$
(9,112
)
 
$
9,511

Electric commodity
 

 

 
843

 
843

 
(843
)
 

Natural gas commodity
 

 
98

 

 
98

 
(7
)
 
91

Total current derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
18,720

 
$
844

 
$
19,564

 
$
(9,962
)
 
9,602

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
22,880

Current derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
32,482

Noncurrent derivative liabilities
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other derivative instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commodity trading
 
$

 
$
21,417

 
$

 
$
21,417

 
$
(4,210
)
 
$
17,207

Total noncurrent derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
21,417

 
$

 
$
21,417

 
$
(4,210
)
 
17,207

Purchased power agreements (a)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
225,659

Noncurrent derivative instruments
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
242,866


(a) 
In 2003, as a result of implementing new guidance on the normal purchase exception for derivative accounting, Xcel Energy began recording several long-term purchased power agreements at fair value due to accounting requirements related to underlying price adjustments.  As these purchases are recovered through normal regulatory recovery mechanisms in the respective jurisdictions, the changes in fair value for these contracts were offset by regulatory assets and liabilities.  During 2006, Xcel Energy qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception.  Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.
(b) 
Xcel Energy nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its consolidated balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at Dec. 31, 2012.  The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 commodity derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
2013
 
2012
Balance at April 1
 
$
7,642

 
$
5,324

Purchases
 
51,386

 
37,296

Settlements
 
(8,503
)
 
(12,675
)
Net transactions recorded during the period:
 


 
 

Losses recognized in earnings (a)
 
(217
)
 

(Losses) gains recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities
 
(3,090
)
 
3,844

Balance at June 30
 
$
47,218

 
$
33,789

 
 
Six Months Ended June 30
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
2013
 
2012
Balance at Jan. 1
 
$
16,649

 
$
12,417

Purchases
 
51,386

 
37,297

Settlements
 
(20,952
)
 
(21,560
)
Net transactions recorded during the period:
 
 

 
 

Losses recognized in earnings (a)
 
(279
)
 
(9
)
Gains recognized as regulatory liabilities
 
414

 
5,644

Balance at June 30
 
$
47,218

 
$
33,789


(a) 
These amounts relate to commodity derivatives held at the end of the period.

Xcel Energy recognizes transfers between levels as of the beginning of each period.  There were no transfers of amounts between levels for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Fair Value of Long-Term Debt

As of June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, other financial instruments for which the carrying amount did not equal fair value were as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
Dec. 31, 2012
(Thousands of Dollars)
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current portion
 
$
11,098,519

 
$
11,996,501

 
$
10,402,060

 
$
12,207,866



The fair value of Xcel Energy’s long-term debt is estimated based on recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities.  The fair value estimates are based on information available to management as of June 30, 2013 and Dec. 31, 2012, and given the observability of the inputs to these estimates, the fair values presented for long-term debt have been assigned a Level 2.