UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM	10-K

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended		December 31, 2023
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from_______________________to_______________________

Commission File No. 033-28976

RIVERSOURCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Minnesota	41-0823832
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1099 Ameriprise Financial Center	Minneapolis	Minnesota	55474
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (612) 671-3131

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
	Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
	Common Stock (par value $30 per share)	None	None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐	Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
	Class	Outstanding at February 22, 2024
	Common Stock (par value $30 per share)	100,000 shares

All outstanding shares of the registrant are directly owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc.

THE REGISTRANT MEETS THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS I(1) (a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-K AND IS THEREFORE FILING THIS FORM WITH THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

FORM 10-K 

INDEX

PART I
	Item 1. Business	1
	Item1A. Risk Factors	5
	Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments	15
	Item 1C. Cybersecurity	15
	Item 2. Properties	16
	Item 3. Legal Proceedings	17
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	17
PART II
	Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	17
	Item 6. [Reserved]	17
	Item 7. Management’s Narrative Analysis	17
	Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	31
	Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	32
	Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	101
	Item 9A. Controls and Procedures	101
	Item 9B. Other Information	102
	Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	102
PART III
	Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	102
	Item 11. Executive Compensation	102
	Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Related Stockholder Matters	102
	Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	102
	Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services	102
PART IV
	Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	103
	Item 16. Form 10-K Summary	106
	Signatures	107

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

PART I

Item 1. Business

Introduction

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a stock life insurance company with one wholly owned stock life insurance company subsidiary, RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York (“RiverSource Life of NY”). RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”, collectively with its subsidiaries and affiliates, “we”, “us” and “our”).

•RiverSource Life Insurance Company is domiciled in Minnesota and holds Certificates of Authority in American Samoa, the District of Columbia and all states except New York. RiverSource Life Insurance Company issues insurance and annuity products.

•RiverSource Life of NY is domiciled and holds a Certificate of Authority in New York. RiverSource Life of NY issues insurance and annuity products.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company also wholly owns RiverSource Tax Advantaged Investments, Inc. (“RTA”) and Columbia Cent CLO Advisors, LLC (“Columbia Cent”). RTA is a stock company domiciled in Delaware and is a limited partner in affordable housing partnership investments. Columbia Cent is a registered investment advisor to certain collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).

RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY are referred to collectively in this Form 10-K as “RiverSource Life”.

RiverSource Life’s business is sold through a network of over 10,000 financial advisors in the retail channel of Ameriprise Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. RiverSource Distributors, Inc., a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of variable annuity and life insurance products issued by RiverSource Life.

RiverSource Life’s solutions help deliver on the Ameriprise Financial client experience and Confident Retirement approach. RiverSource Life offers clients various annuities, life insurance, and disability income insurance options to meet their needs or current state in life, whether that is covering essentials, ensuring lifestyle, preparing for the unexpected or leaving a legacy. RiverSource Life seeks to partner with Ameriprise Financial advisors to address clients’ goals and long-term needs at a differentiated level and provide a strong risk profile given the clients the Ameriprise Financial advisors serve.

Annuities

RiverSource Life provides annuities to clients through the AFS advisor network to help individuals address their asset accumulation and income goals. As part of the continued evolution of RiverSource Life’s business model, RiverSource Life focuses on the accumulation solutions clients want (such as the structured variable annuity).

Revenues for variable annuity products are primarily earned as fees based on a contractholder’s benefit base, contract value or separate account values, which is impacted by both market movements and net asset flows. RiverSource Life also earns net investment income on general account assets supporting reserves for non-life contingent payout annuities, structured variable annuities, certain guaranteed benefits and fixed investment options offered with variable annuities and on capital supporting the business. In addition, RiverSource Life receives fees charged on assets allocated to its separate accounts to cover administrative costs and a portion of the management fees from the underlying investment accounts in which assets are invested. Revenues for payout annuities with a life contingent feature are earned as premium revenue.

Closed Block Fixed Annuities

In 2020, RiverSource Life discontinued new sales of fixed annuities, however RiverSource Life continues to service existing policies. In this closed block, as of December 31, 2023, RiverSource Life has $6.3 billion of account value associated with its fixed annuities of which 89% has been ceded on a coinsurance basis to Global Atlantic Financial Group’s subsidiary Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company (“Commonwealth”) under customary reinsurance arrangements with a comfort trust. For the ceded policies, RiverSource Life ceded 100% of the risk on a coinsurance basis.

Insurance

RiverSource Life provides life and disability income insurance products to address the protection and risk management needs of retail clients through the AFS advisor network. The primary sources of revenues are premiums, fees and charges RiverSource Life receives to assume insurance-related risk. RiverSource Life earns net investment income on owned assets supporting insurance reserves and on capital supporting the business. RiverSource Life also receives fees based on the level of separate account assets supporting variable universal life investment options.

Annuities and Insurance Products Offered:

RiverSource Life currently offers the following products:

•Variable annuities provide returns linked to underlying investments of the contractholder’s choice of certain funds, as well as additional benefits, such as guaranteed minimum death benefits (but without living benefits for new sales after mid-2022).

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•Structured variable annuities use the performance of an underlying equity market index to determine earnings, up to either a cap or floor.

•Variable universal life insurance provides life insurance coverage along with investment returns linked to underlying investment accounts of the policyholder’s choice.

•Universal life insurance credits interest at fixed interest rates. Universal life insurance may also contain product features that credit interest at a rate linked to an underlying equity market index.

•Term life insurance provides a death benefit, but it does not accumulate cash value.

•Disability income insurance provides monthly benefits to individuals who are unable to earn income either at their occupation at time of disability or at any suitable occupation for premium payments that are guaranteed not to change.

Sales of individual life insurance in 2023, as measured by scheduled annual premiums, lump sum and excess premiums and single premiums, consisted of approximately 95% variable universal life, 2% universal life and 3% term life.

Closed Block Long Term Care Insurance

Prior to December 31, 2002, RiverSource Life underwrote stand-alone long term care (“LTC”) insurance. RiverSource Life discontinued offering LTC insurance as of December 31, 2002. A large majority of the closed block LTC is comprised of nursing home indemnity LTC or comprehensive reimbursement LTC. Generally, RiverSource Life’s policyholders are eligible for LTC benefits if they become cognitively impaired or unable to perform certain activities of daily living.

Nursing home indemnity LTC policies provide a predefined daily benefit if the insured is confined to a nursing home, subject to various maximum benefit periods, regardless of actual expenses of the policyholder. RiverSource Life’s older generation nursing home indemnity LTC policies were primarily written between 1989 and 1999 and represent nearly one half of its policies.

Comprehensive reimbursement LTC policies provide a predefined maximum daily benefit if the insured is confined to a nursing home and covers a variety of LTC expenses including assisted living, home and community care, adult day care and similar placement programs, subject to various maximum total benefit payment pools, on a cost-reimbursement basis. RiverSource Life’s second-generation comprehensive reimbursement LTC policies were written from 1997 until 2002.

RiverSource Life’s closed block LTC was sold on a guaranteed renewable basis which allows it to re-price in force policies, subject to regulatory approval. Premium rates for LTC policies vary by age, benefit period, elimination period, home care coverage, and benefit increase option. Premium rates are based on assumptions concerning morbidity, mortality, persistency, administrative expenses, investment income, and profit. RiverSource Life develops its assumptions based on its own claims and persistency experience. In line with the market, RiverSource Life has pursued nationwide premium rate increases for many years and expects to continue to pursue rate increases over the next several years. In general, since very little of RiverSource Life’s LTC business is subject to rate stability regulation, RiverSource Life has historically followed a policy of pursuing smaller, more frequent increases in order to align policyholder and historic shareholder objectives, but modified our approach in 2019 to seek larger increases as an additional method to manage the LTC business. RiverSource Life also provides policyholders with options to reduce their coverage to lessen or eliminate the additional financial outlay that would otherwise result.

For existing LTC policies, RiverSource Life has continued ceding 50% of the risk on a coinsurance basis to subsidiaries of Genworth Financial, Inc. (“Genworth”) and retains the remaining risk. For RiverSource Life of NY, this reinsurance arrangement applies for 1996 and later issues only. Under these agreements, RiverSource Life has the right, but never the obligation, to recapture some, or all, of the risk ceded to Genworth.

For more information regarding LTC, see Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Management’s Narrative Analysis - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Reinsurance

RiverSource Life reinsures a portion of the insurance risks associated with its currently offered life and disability income products (as well as previously sold fixed annuity, life contingent payout annuity and LTC insurance products) through reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurance companies. RiverSource Life uses reinsurance to limit losses, reduce exposure to large risks and provide additional capacity for continued product offerings. To manage exposure to losses from reinsurer insolvencies, RiverSource Life evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers prior to entering into new reinsurance treaties and on a periodic basis during the terms of the treaties. RiverSource Life remains primarily liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured. See Note 7 and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on reinsurance.

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At a general level, RiverSource Life reinsures some or all of the following:

Product	Reinsurance Type
Term Life and Disability Income	Coinsurance
Universal Life & Variable Universal Life	Renewable Term
Life Contingent Payout Annuity	Coinsurance
Fixed Annuity (closed block)	Coinsurance
Long Term Care (closed block)	Coinsurance

Competition

RiverSource Life operates in a highly competitive industry where it competes with other insurers and product manufacturers including both stock and mutual insurance companies, as well as certain banks, securities brokerage firms, independent financial advisors and other financial intermediaries that market insurance, annuities, mutual funds, retirement accounts and other financial products.

Competitive factors affecting the sale of RiverSource Life’s annuity and/or insurance products include:

•perceived financial strength and financial strength ratings from agencies such as A.M. Best;

•the breadth, quality, design and pricing of products and services offered;

•guaranteed benefit features and hedging capability;

•the quality of underwriting;

•the effectiveness of advertising and promotion campaigns;

•reputation and recognition in the marketplace;

•distribution capabilities and compensation;

•investment performance;

•claims-paying ratings; and

•the quality of technology and customer service.

Regulation

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is domiciled in Minnesota and regulated by the Minnesota Department of Commerce (“MN DOC”) and RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York is domiciled in New York and regulated by the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NY DFS”, together with MN DOC the “Domiciliary Regulators”).

In addition to being regulated by the MN DOC, RiverSource Life Insurance Company is regulated by each of the insurance regulators in the states where it is authorized to transact business. The primary purpose of this regulation and supervision is to protect the interests of contractholders and policyholders. In general, state insurance laws and regulations govern standards of solvency, capital requirements, the licensing of insurers and their agents, premium rates, policy forms, the nature of and limitations on investments, periodic reporting requirements and other matters. In addition, state regulators conduct periodic examinations into insurer market conduct and compliance with insurance and securities laws. Financial regulation of RiverSource Life is extensive and its financial and intercompany transactions (such as intercompany dividends or distributions and investment activities) may be subject to pre-approval and/or continuing evaluation by the regulators.

In October 2023, the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) issued its final rule establishing a consolidated capital framework termed the “Building Block Approach”, for savings and holding companies like Ameriprise Financial that are significantly engaged in insurance activities (commonly referred to as insurance savings and loan holding companies). In general, under the final rule, insurance savings and loan holding companies like Ameriprise Financial are required to aggregate state-based insurance capital requirements with banking capital requirements for non-insurance businesses to satisfy specific minimum total requirements and hold an additional capital conservation buffer, which could in turn have an impact on RiverSource Life. The rule is effective January 1, 2024, with reporting to the FRB beginning in 2025 and delayed effectiveness for certain provisions.

RiverSource Distributors, Inc. is registered as a broker-dealer for the limited purpose of acting as the principal underwriter and/or distributor for RiverSource Life’s annuities and insurance products sold through AFS and third-party channels. As a registered investment advisor, Columbia Cent is subject to the applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) regulation. Additionally, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), SEC’s best interest standards, state and other fiduciary or best interest rules, as well as other similar standards and any rulemaking from the Department of Labor (“DOL”) are relevant to RiverSource Life’s business. RiverSource Life continues to review and analyze the potential impact of these regulations across its business.

All states require participation in insurance guaranty associations which assess fees (subject to statutory limits) to insurance companies in order to fund claims of policyholders and contractholders of insolvent insurance companies. These assessments are generally based on a member insurer’s proportionate share of all premiums written by member insurers in the state during a specified period prior to an

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insurer’s insolvency. See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding guaranty association assessments.

Certain variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts offered by RiverSource Life, and certain separate accounts supporting such contracts, constitute and are registered as securities under the Securities Act of 1933 and as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. As such, these products are subject to regulation by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, commonly referred to as FINRA.

Insurance companies have been the subject of increasing regulatory, legislative and judicial scrutiny. Numerous state and federal regulatory agencies have commenced investigations regarding sales and marketing practices (including sales to older consumers), claims handling, and unclaimed property and escheatment practices and procedures.

The Federal Insurance Office (“FIO”) within the Department of Treasury does not have substantive regulatory responsibilities, though it is tasked with monitoring the insurance industry and the effectiveness of its regulatory framework in addition to providing periodic reports to the President and Congress. RiverSource Life monitors the FIO’s activity to identify and assess emerging regulatory priorities with potential application to its business.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) has established risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that all state insurance departments have adopted. The RBC requirements are used by the NAIC and state insurance regulators to identify companies that merit regulatory actions designed to protect policyholders. The NAIC RBC report is completed as of December 31 and filed annually, along with the statutory financial statements.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company would be subject to various levels of regulatory intervention if its total adjusted statutory capital falls below defined RBC action levels. At the “company action level,” defined as total adjusted capital level between 100% and 75% of the RBC requirement, an insurer must submit a plan for corrective action with its primary state regulator. The level of regulatory intervention is greater at lower levels of total adjusted capital relative to the RBC requirement. RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY maintain capital levels well in excess of the company action level required by state insurance regulators as noted below as of December 31, 2023:

Entity	Company Action Level RBC		Total Adjusted Capital		% of Company Action Level RBC
	(in millions, except percentages)
RiverSource Life	$	512	$	3,093	604	%
RiverSource Life of NY	40		244		614	%

As part of its Solvency Modernization Initiative in 2010, the NAIC adopted revisions to its Insurance Holding Company System Regulatory Act (“Holding Company Act”) to enhance insurer group supervision and create a new Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (“ORSA”) Model Act. The Holding Company Act revisions focus on the overall insurance holding company system, establish a framework of regulator supervisory colleges, enhancements to corporate governance and require the annual filing of an Enterprise Risk Management Report. The ORSA Model Act requires that an insurer create and file, annually, its ORSA, which is a complete self-assessment of its risk management functions and capital adequacy. These laws were enacted by the Domiciliary Regulators. RiverSource Life completes and files these reports as required by the laws and regulations of those states. Insurance regulation and supervision also goes beyond direct regulation of insurance companies in other ways. For example, once Minnesota implements the NAIC’s “Group Capital Calculation”, the impact of any such implementation, together with final FRB’s “Building Block Approach”, a new capital calculation will be applicable to RiverSource Life’s business. And from time to time, RiverSource Life must report other enterprise activities to its state insurance regulators (such as the NAIC’s Liquidity Stress Testing Framework).

A significant portion of RiverSource Life’s annuity product sales derive from annuities funding qualified retirement accounts, specifically IRAs. As a provider of products and services to tax-qualified retirement accounts, certain aspects of RiverSource Life’s business fall within the compliance oversight of the Departments of Labor and Treasury, particularly regarding the enforcement of ERISA, and the tax reporting requirements applicable to such accounts. The DOL published regulations in April 2016 that expanded the scope of who is considered an ERISA fiduciary when providing investment advice to tax qualified accounts. However, on March 15, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued a decision vacating the DOL’s regulations in its entirety. The Fifth Circuit’s decision became effective when it issued its mandate on June 21, 2018.

The SEC’s Regulation Best Interest became effective on June 30, 2020 and the SEC continues to issue various statements and other pieces of guidance on complying with the regulation. Furthermore, New York and several other states have either issued their own best interest or fiduciary rules or are considering doing so, and the NAIC has revised its annuity transactions regulation to promote greater uniformity across NAIC-member jurisdictions and to clarify that all recommendations by annuity producers and insurers are to be in the interests of the consumer. The DOL has finalized its voluntary exemption for providing investment advice to retirement account clients and has reinstated prior guidance for determining who is an investment advice fiduciary under pension regulations. While not a regulator, the Certified Financial Planner Board standards of conduct include a fiduciary standard that applies to financial advisors who hold a Certified Financial Planner designation. In light of the various fiduciary rules and regulations that continue to be

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proposed, finalized and sometimes withdrawn or amended, RiverSource Life continues to exert significant efforts to evaluate and prepare to comply with each rule. Depending on the span and substance of any regulations and timing of their applicability, the scope of any implementation could also require various changes in the financial services industry, any of which could negatively impact RiverSource Life’s results of operations.

Certain aspects of RiverSource Life’s business are subject to comprehensive legal requirements by different functional regulators concerning the use and protection of personal information, including client information. This includes rules adopted pursuant to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”), the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (“HITECH”) Act, and an ever increasing number of state laws and regulations such as the New York State Department of Financial Services’ Cybersecurity Requirements for Financial Services Companies and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. RiverSource Life continues its efforts to safeguard the data entrusted to it in accordance with applicable laws and internal data protection policies, including taking steps to reduce the potential for identity theft or other improper use or disclosure of personal information, while seeking to collect only the data that is necessary to properly achieve its business objectives and to best serve its clients.

Following the conversion of RiverSource Life’s affiliate Ameriprise National Trust Bank into a federal savings bank (“Ameriprise Bank”), Ameriprise Financial continued to be subject to ongoing supervision by the Board of Governors for the FRB. FRB regulation and supervisory oversight of Ameriprise Financial includes examinations, regular financial reporting and prudential standards, such as capital, liquidity, risk management and parameters for business conduct and internal governance. In order to maintain Ameriprise Financial’s permission under applicable bank holding company laws and regulations to engage in insurance and business activities other than banking or activities closely related to banking, each of Ameriprise Financial and Ameriprise Bank, as Ameriprise Financial’s sole insured depository institution subsidiary, must remain “well-capitalized” and “well-managed” under applicable federal banking regulations, and Ameriprise Bank must receive at least a “satisfactory” rating in its most recent examination under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”). Failure to meet one or more of certain requirements and regulations would mean, depending on the requirements not met and any agreement then reached with the FRB, that until cured Ameriprise Financial (and therefore RiverSource Life) could not undertake new activities, continue certain activities, or make certain acquisitions.

In June 2021, Ameriprise Financial filed an application to convert Ameriprise Bank to a state-chartered industrial bank regulated by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as well as a separate application to transition Ameriprise Bank’s personal trust services business to a new limited purpose national trust bank regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). On July 13, 2023, Ameriprise Financial announced it withdrew its application to convert Ameriprise Bank to a state-chartered industrial bank and its application to establish a new limited purpose national trust bank. Ameriprise Bank will continue to operate as it does today, regulated by the OCC.

Item1A. Risk Factors

RiverSource Life’s operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, that could have a material adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s business, financial condition or results of operations. Based on the information currently known, RiverSource Life believes that the following information identifies the material factors affecting RiverSource Life. However, the risks and uncertainties RiverSource Life faces are not limited to those described below. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to RiverSource Life or which are currently believed to be immaterial may also adversely affect RiverSource Life’s business.

Market Risks

RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by market fluctuations and by economic, political and other factors.

RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations may be materially affected by market fluctuations and by economic and other factors. Such factors, which can be global, national, regional or local in nature, include: (i) the level and volatility of the markets, including equity prices, interest rates, commodity prices, currency values and other market indices and drivers; (ii) geopolitical strain, terrorism and armed conflicts; (iii) political dynamics or elections and social, economic and market conditions; (iv) the availability and cost of capital; (v) global health emergencies (such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic); (vi) technological changes and events; (vii) U.S. and foreign government fiscal and tax policies; (viii) U.S. and foreign government ability, real or perceived, to avoid defaulting on government securities; (ix) the availability and cost of credit and hedge markets; (x) periods of elevated inflation; (xi) natural disasters such as weather catastrophes; and (xii) other factors affecting investor sentiment and confidence in the financial markets. In addition, during periods of unfavorable market or economic conditions, the level of consumer investing and insuring activity may also decrease, which may negatively impact the results of RiverSource Life’s business. Moreover, fluctuations in economic and market activity could impact the way then-existing customers allocate their available resources, which could affect RiverSource Life’s persistency, surrender and product cash value loan experience and could negatively impact its business.

Declines and volatility in U.S. and global market conditions (such as those that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic environment and from other recent geopolitical tensions) have impacted RiverSource Life’s business in the past, are

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impacting it now and may continue to impact RiverSource Life in the same, new or different ways in the future. RiverSource Life’s business has been, and in the future may be, adversely affected by U.S. and global capital market and credit crises, the repricing of credit risk, equity market volatility and decline, and stress or recession in the U.S. and global economies generally. These factors will also impact client behavior. Market conditions, regulatory actions, tax laws and RiverSource Life’s competitive industry environment are among the reasons contractholders in its annuity products and policyholders in its protection products may opt to withdraw cash values for those products (or for certain protection products, to reduce their withdrawal activity). If RiverSource Life is unable to offer appropriate product alternatives which encourage customers to continue purchasing in the face of actual or perceive market volatility, RiverSource Life’s sales and revenues could decline.

Downturns and volatility in equity markets have had, and may in the future, an adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations. Most of RiverSource Life’s variable annuity products contain guaranteed minimum death benefits and a majority of RiverSource Life’s variable annuity products contain guaranteed minimum withdrawal and accumulation benefits. Decline or volatility in equity and/or bond markets could result in guaranteed minimum benefits being higher than what current account values would support, which would adversely affect RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations. Discontinuing the sale of new fixed annuities and variable annuities with living benefits will lessen this risk over time. Although RiverSource Life has hedged a portion of the guarantees for the variable annuity contracts to mitigate the financial loss of equity and/or bond market declines or volatility, there can be no assurance that such a decline or volatility would not materially impact the profitability of certain products or product lines or RiverSource Life’s financial condition or results of operations. For example, market fluctuations will impact RiverSource Life’s statutory reserves and required capital, and that may not be aligned with the hedging impacts. Further, the cost of hedging RiverSource Life’s liability for these guarantees has increased as a result of broad-based market and regulatory-driven changes in the collateral requirements of hedge trading counterparties.

Changes in interest rates may affect RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations.

RiverSource Life’s insurance and annuity products are sensitive to interest rate fluctuations (inclusive of changes in credit spreads), which could cause future impacts associated with such fluctuations to differ from historical costs. In addition, interest rate fluctuations could result in fluctuations in the valuation of certain minimum guaranteed benefits contained in some of its variable annuity products, something RiverSource Life saw as a result of volatility that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. Although RiverSource Life typically hedges to mitigate some of the effect of such fluctuations, significant changes in interest rates (or prolonged periods of low interest rates) could have a material adverse impact the profitability of certain products or product lines or on RiverSource Life’s financial condition or results of operations. In addition, as rates increase, the posting of collateral for liquidity needs will also increase as a result of the hedging of variable annuity products. Depending on how rapidly rates increase and other factors, RiverSource Life may need to access liquidity sources that are more costly, which could have a material adverse impact on profitability or RiverSource Life’s financial condition or results of operations.

Interest rate fluctuations also could have an adverse effect on the results of RiverSource Life’s investment portfolio. During periods of declining market interest rates or stagnancy of low interest rates, the interest RiverSource Life receives on variable interest rate investments decreases and RiverSource Life is forced to reinvest the cash it receives as interest or return of principal on its investments in lower-yielding high-grade instruments or in lower-credit instruments to maintain comparable returns. Issuers of certain callable fixed income securities also may decide to prepay their obligations in order to borrow at lower market rates, which increases the risk that RiverSource Life may have to reinvest the cash proceeds of these securities in lower-yielding or lower-credit instruments.

If there is a return to a period of prolonged low interest rates, RiverSource Life’s spread may be reduced or could become negative. Due to the long-term nature of the liabilities associated with RiverSource Life’s LTC and universal life with secondary guarantees, as well as guaranteed benefits on variable annuities, sustained declines in or stagnancy of low long-term interest rates may subject RiverSource Life to reinvestment risks and increased hedging costs. RiverSource Life periodically reviews and, where appropriate, adjusts its assumptions.

As market interest rates increase or sustain at relatively higher rates, RiverSource Life may credit clients higher rates on interest-sensitive products, such as universal life insurance and RiverSource Life may increase these rates on in force products to keep these products competitive (which could have an adverse effect on RiverSource life’s financial condition and results of operations). Because yields on invested assets may not increase as quickly as current interest rates, RiverSource Life may have to accept a lower spread and thus lower profitability or face a decline in sales and greater loss of existing contracts and related assets. In addition, increases in market interest rates would further increase the unrealized loss position of RiverSource Life’s investment portfolio and may cause outflows and other negative impacts through increased policy surrenders, withdrawals from life insurance policies and annuity contracts and requests for policy loans, as policyholders and contractholders seek to shift assets to products with perceived higher returns. This process may lead to an earlier than expected outflow of cash from the business. These withdrawals, surrenders and other client actions may require investment assets to be sold at a time when the prices of those assets are lower because of the increase in market interest rates, which may result in investment losses to be realized in RiverSource Life’s results of operations. Also, increases in market interest rates may result in extension of certain cash flows from structured mortgage products. An increase in policy surrenders and withdrawals also may require RiverSource Life to accelerate amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), which would increase RiverSource Life’s expenses and reduce its net earnings in the period.

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Adverse capital and credit market conditions or a downgrade in RiverSource Life’s credit ratings may significantly affect its ability to meet liquidity needs, access to capital and cost of capital.

Volatility, uncertainty and disruption in the capital and credit markets may decrease available liquidity, which RiverSource Life may need to pay its expenses and dividends. If the market conditions hinder its availability to obtain capital or liquidity, its business would suffer.

RiverSource Life’s liquidity needs are satisfied primarily through its reserves and the cash generated by its operations. RiverSource Life believes the level of cash and securities it maintains, combined with expected cash inflows from investments and operations, is adequate to meet anticipated short-term and long-term payment obligations. In the event current resources are insufficient to satisfy RiverSource Life’s needs, it may access financing sources from its parent holding company, its other affiliates or third parties. The availability of additional financing would depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the availability of liquidity from RiverSource Life’s parent or other affiliates, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, RiverSource Life’s credit ratings and credit capacity, actions by RiverSource Life’s regulators, and perception held by customers, lenders, and other stakeholders. Also, transfers of cash or other assets from RiverSource Life’s parent or other affiliates must comply with the applicable revolving credit agreements and may be subject to the prior approval of (or notice to) state insurance regulators.

Further, the financial strength ratings which various rating organizations publish as a measure of an insurance company’s ability to meet contractholder and policyholder obligations, are important to maintain public confidence in RiverSource Life’s products, its competitive position, and the ability to market its products. Any future downgrade in RiverSource Life’s financial strength ratings, or the announced potential for a downgrade, could potentially have a significant adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations in many ways, including: (i) reducing new sales of insurance and annuity products and investment products; (ii) adversely affecting its relationships with RiverSource Life’s advisors and third-party distributors of its products; (iii) materially increasing the number or amount of policy surrenders and withdrawals by contractholders and policyholders; (iv) requiring RiverSource Life to reduce prices for many of its products and services to remain competitive; and (v) adversely affecting its ability to obtain reinsurance or obtain reasonable pricing on reinsurance.

Ratings agencies have and may continue to increase the frequency and scope of RiverSource Life’s credit reviews, adjust upward the capital and other requirements employed in the rating organizations’ models for maintenance of ratings levels (including adjusting the framework under which it views its parent’s business mix that drives these requirements), or downgrade ratings applied to particular classes of securities or types of institutions, and its ratings could be changed at any time and without any notice by the rating organizations. In addition, rating agencies continually evolve their ratings and other methodologies, and these changes can be to RiverSource Life’s detriment or benefit and have a material impact on how RiverSource Life views its liquidity and capital.

Market conditions or decisions by its ratings agencies that hinder its access to capital may limit its ability to satisfy statutory capital targets, generate fee income and market-related revenue to meet liquidity needs and access the capital necessary to grow its business. As such, RiverSource Life may be forced to delay raising capital, issue different types of capital than it would otherwise, less effectively deploy such capital, or bear an unattractive cost of capital which could decrease its profitability and significantly reduce its financial flexibility.

Business Risks

Intense competition and the economies of scale for larger competitors could negatively impact RiverSource Life’s ability to maintain or increase its market share and profitability.

RiverSource Life operates in intensely competitive industries, including insurers and other financial institutions, some of which have a larger market share, greater investments in technology and analytics, greater investments in advertising and brand, less regulation or greater financial resources than RiverSource Life. Furthermore, RiverSource Life’s competitors may be better able to address trends, structural changes, or movement of assets resulting from industry changes or in response to the uncertain regulatory environment in the U.S. and around the world. RiverSource Life could experience lower sales, higher costs, technology obsolescence or other developments that could negatively impact its results of operations. The offerings available to Ameriprise Financial’s advisor network include not only annuity and insurance products issued by RiverSource Life, but also annuities issued by a limited number of unaffiliated insurance companies. As a result of this and further openings of Ameriprise Financial’s advisor network to annuity and insurance products of other companies, RiverSource Life could experience lower sales of its products, higher surrenders or other developments, which could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

RiverSource Life and its affiliates face intense competition in attracting and retaining key talent.

RiverSource Life’s continued success depends to a substantial degree on its and its affiliates’ ability to attract and retain qualified people. While RiverSource Life is seeing the employment market stabilize compared to recent years, the market for qualified talent has always been extremely competitive. Fewer individuals entering the labor force, increased demand for flexibility and fully remote work and wage sensitivity due to the inflationary environment put pressure on labor costs and add complexity in recruiting and retaining talent. RiverSource Life continues to assess risk and invest in its employees to remain competitive, however, the possibility of increased turnover may impact RiverSource Life’s ability to attract, support and retain clients. If RiverSource Life were to experience a prolonged inability to attract and retain qualified individuals or its recruiting and retention costs increase significantly, its

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financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.

The negative performance or default by other financial institutions or other third parties could adversely affect RiverSource Life.

RiverSource Life has exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and routinely executes transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including broker-dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, insurers, reinsurers, investment funds and other institutions. The operations of U.S. and global financial services institutions are interconnected and a decline in the financial condition of one or more financial services institutions may expose RiverSource Life to credit losses or defaults, limit access to liquidity or otherwise disrupt the operations of RiverSource Life’s business. While RiverSource Life regularly assesses its exposure to different industries and counterparties, the performance and financial strength of specific institutions are subject to rapid change, the timing and extent of which cannot be known.

Many transactions with, and investments in, the products and securities of other financial institutions expose RiverSource Life to credit risk in the event of default of its counterparty. With respect to secured transactions, RiverSource Life’s credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by it cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices insufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure due to it. RiverSource Life also has exposure to financial institutions in the form of unsecured debt instruments, derivative transactions, (including with respect to derivatives hedging its exposure on variable annuity contracts with guaranteed benefits), reinsurance, repurchase and underwriting arrangements and equity investments. Any such losses or impairments to the carrying value of these assets could materially and adversely impact RiverSource Life’s business and results of operations.

Issuers of the fixed maturity securities that RiverSource Life owns may default on principal and interest payments. Some of RiverSource Life’s fixed maturity securities may have ratings below investment-grade. Default-related declines in the value of RiverSource Life’s fixed maturity securities portfolio or consumer credit holdings could cause its net earnings to decline and could also cause RiverSource Life to contribute capital to some of its regulated subsidiaries, which may require RiverSource Life to obtain funding during periods of unfavorable market conditions.

Capital and credit market volatility or a sudden devaluation of a specific product or currency can exacerbate, and has exacerbated, the risk of third-party defaults, bankruptcy filings, foreclosures, legal actions and other events that may limit the value of or restrict RiverSource Life’s access to cash and investments.

Poor investment performance in RiverSource Life’s variable products could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

RiverSource Life believes that investment performance is an important factor in the growth of its variable annuity and variable life insurance business. Poor investment performance could impair revenues and earnings, as well as RiverSource Life’s prospects for growth, because RiverSource Life’s ability to attract funds from existing and new clients might diminish and existing clients might withdraw assets from RiverSource Life’s variable products in favor of better performing products of other companies, which would result in lower revenues. Poor investment performance could also result in additional benefits paid under certain annuity products (such as variable annuity living benefits and death benefits).

AFS may be unable to attract and retain financial advisors.

RiverSource Life is dependent on the financial advisors of AFS for all of the sales of its annuity and insurance products. A significant number of the financial advisors operate as independent contractors under a franchise agreement with AFS. There can be no assurance that AFS will be successful in its efforts to maintain its current network of financial advisors or to recruit and retain new advisors to its network. From time to time, there are regulatory-driven or other trends and developments within the industry, such as the changes around the Protocol for Broker Recruiting, that could potentially impact the current competitive dynamics between RiverSource Life and RiverSource Life’s competitors and impact the number of advisors affiliated with AFS. If AFS is unable to attract and retain quality financial advisors, fewer advisors would be available to sell RiverSource Life’s annuity and insurance products and RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

RiverSource Life’s valuation of fixed maturity and equity securities may include methodologies, estimations and assumptions which are subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely impact its financial condition or results of operations.

Fixed maturity, equity and short-term investments which are reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, represent the majority of RiverSource Life’s total cash and invested assets. The determination of fair values by management in the absence of quoted market prices is based on valuation methodologies, securities RiverSource Life deems to be comparable, and assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances. The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of the issuer or counterparty. Factors considered in estimating fair value include: coupon rate, maturity, estimated duration, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, credit rating, industry sector of the issuer, current interest rates and credit spreads, and quoted market prices of comparable securities. The use of different methodologies and assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

During periods of market disruption, including periods of significantly rising or high interest rates and rapidly widening credit spreads or illiquidity, it may be difficult to value certain of RiverSource Life’s securities. There may be certain asset classes that were in active

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markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the financial environment. In such cases, the valuation of certain securities may require additional subjectivity and management judgment. As such, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable and may require greater estimation as well as valuation methods that are more sophisticated, which may result in values less than the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. Further, rapidly changing and unexpected credit and equity market conditions could materially impact the valuation of securities as reported within RiverSource Life’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the period-to-period changes in value could vary significantly. Decreases in value may have a material adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition or results of operations.

The determination of the amount of allowances taken on certain investments is subject to management’s evaluation and judgment and could materially impact RiverSource Life’s financial position or results of operations.

The determination of the amount of allowances varies by investment type and is based upon RiverSource Life’s periodic evaluation and assessment of inherent and known risks associated with the respective asset class.

Management uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. The determination of the amount of allowances on loans is based upon the asset’s expected life, considering past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Historical trends may not be indicative of future impairments or allowances.

Some of RiverSource Life’s investments are relatively illiquid, and RiverSource Life may have difficulty selling these investments.

RiverSource Life invests a portion of its general account assets in certain privately placed fixed income securities, mortgage loans, policy loans and limited partnership interests, all of which are relatively illiquid. These asset classes represented 14% of the carrying value of RiverSource Life’s investment portfolio as of December 31, 2023. If RiverSource Life requires significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of its normal cash requirements, it may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner or be forced to sell them for an amount less than it would otherwise have been able to realize, or both, which could have an adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations.

Insurance Risks

The failure of other insurers could require RiverSource Life to pay higher assessments to state insurance guaranty funds.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY are required by law to be a member of the guaranty fund association in every state where they are licensed to do business. In the event of insolvency of one or more unaffiliated insurance companies, RiverSource Life could be adversely affected by the requirement to pay assessments to the guaranty fund associations. Uncertainty and volatility in the U.S. economy and financial markets in recent years have weakened or may weaken the financial condition of numerous insurers, including insurers currently in receivership, increasing the risk of triggering guaranty fund assessments upon order of liquidation.

If the counterparties to RiverSource Life’s reinsurance arrangements default or otherwise fail to fulfill their obligations, RiverSource Life may be exposed to risks it had sought to mitigate, which could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

RiverSource Life uses reinsurance to mitigate certain of its risks. Reinsurance does not relieve RiverSource Life of its direct liability to its policyholders and contractholders, even when the reinsurer is liable to RiverSource Life. Accordingly, RiverSource Life bears credit and performance risk with respect to its reinsurers, including Commonwealth as well as Genworth Life Insurance Company. In July 2016, RiverSource Life Insurance Company finalized various confidential enhancements with Genworth Life Insurance Company that have been shared, in the normal course of regular reviews, with RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s Domiciliary Regulator and rating agencies. A reinsurer’s insolvency or its inability or unwillingness to make payments under the terms of its reinsurance agreement could have a material adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations.

If RiverSource Life’s reserves for future policy benefits and claims are inadequate, it may be required to increase its reserve liabilities, which would adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

RiverSource Life establishes reserves as estimates of its liabilities to provide for future obligations under its insurance policies and annuities contracts. Reserves do not represent an exact calculation of the liability, but rather are estimates of contract benefits and related expenses RiverSource Life expects to incur over time. The assumptions and estimates RiverSource Life makes in establishing reserves require certain judgments about future experience and, therefore, are inherently uncertain. RiverSource Life cannot determine with precision the actual amounts that it will pay for contract benefits, the timing of payments, or whether the assets supporting its stated reserves will increase to the levels it estimates before payment of benefits or claims. RiverSource Life monitors its reserve levels continually. If RiverSource Life were to conclude that its reserves are insufficient to cover actual or expected contract benefits, it would be required to increase its reserves and incur charges for the period in which it makes the determination, which would adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

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RiverSource Life’s profitability relies on its assumptions including those regarding morbidity rates, mortality rates and benefit utilization, as well as the future persistency of insurance policies and annuity contracts.

RiverSource Life sets prices for its life and disability income (“DI”) insurance (and historically LTC insurance) as well as some annuity products based upon expected claims payment patterns, derived from assumptions RiverSource Life makes about its policyholders and contractholders, including expenses, fees, investment returns and morbidity and mortality rates. The long-term profitability of these products depends upon how RiverSource Life’s actual experience compares with its pricing assumptions. Actual experience can differ from RiverSource Life’s assumptions for many reasons over the time an insurance product is held. If mortality rates are higher than its pricing assumptions, RiverSource Life could be required to make greater payments under its life insurance policies and annuity contracts with GMDBs than it has projected.

The prices and profitability of RiverSource Life’s life insurance and deferred annuity products are based in part upon assumptions related to persistency (the probability that a policy or contract will remain in force from one period to the next). For most of RiverSource Life’s life insurance and deferred annuity products, actual persistency that is lower than its persistency assumptions could have an adverse impact on profitability, especially in the early years of a policy or contract because RiverSource Life would be required to accelerate the amortization of expenses it deferred in connection with the acquisition of the policy or contract.

For RiverSource Life’s LTC insurance, universal life insurance policies with secondary guarantees and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, actual persistency that is higher than its persistency assumptions could have a negative impact on profitability. If these policies remain in force longer than RiverSource Life assumed, it could be required to make greater benefit payments than it had anticipated when RiverSource Life priced or partially reinsured these products.

The risk that RiverSource Life’s claims experience may differ significantly from its pricing assumptions is particularly significant for its LTC insurance products, notwithstanding RiverSource Life’s ability to implement future price increases with regulatory approvals. Though RiverSource Life discontinued offering LTC products in 2003, LTC insurance policies provide for long-duration coverage and, therefore, its actual claims experience will emerge over many years. RiverSource Life’s ability to forecast future claim rates for LTC insurance is more limited than for life insurance. RiverSource Life has sought to moderate these uncertainties to some extent by partially reinsuring LTC policies at the time the policies were underwritten and limiting its present stand-alone LTC insurance offerings to policies underwritten fully by unaffiliated third-party insurers, and RiverSource Life has also implemented rate increases and provided reduced benefit options on certain in force policies.

Because RiverSource Life’s assumptions regarding persistency experience are inherently uncertain, reserves for future policy benefits and claims may prove to be inadequate if actual persistency experience is different from those assumptions. Although some of its products permit RiverSource Life to increase premiums during the life of the policy or contract, RiverSource Life cannot guarantee that these increases would be sufficient to maintain profitability. Additionally, some of these pricing changes require regulatory approval, which may not be forthcoming. Moreover, many of RiverSource Life’s products do not permit RiverSource Life to increase premiums or limit those increases during the life of the policy or contract while premiums on certain other products (primarily LTC insurance) may not be increased without prior regulatory approval. Significant deviations in experience from pricing expectations regarding persistency could have an adverse effect on the profitability of RiverSource Life’s products.

Operations Risks

Damage to the reputation of RiverSource Life or its affiliates could adversely affect the business of RiverSource Life.

RiverSource Life’s reputation is one of its most important assets. The ability of RiverSource Life to market and sell its products is highly dependent upon external perceptions of its business practices and financial condition, as well as the business practices and financial condition of its affiliates. Damage to the reputation of RiverSource Life or its affiliates could cause significant harm to the business and prospects. Reputational damage may arise from numerous sources, including litigation or regulatory actions, failing to deliver minimum standards of service and quality, compliance failures, any perceived or actual weakness in RiverSource Life’s financial strength or liquidity, clients’ or potential clients’ perceived failure of how it addresses certain political, environmental, social or governance topics, technological breakdowns, cybersecurity attacks, or other security breaches (including attempted breaches, breaches impacting RiverSource Life’s vendors or their subcontractors or inadvertent disclosures) resulting in system unavailability, improper disclosure or loss of data integrity relating to of client or employee personal information, unethical or improper behavior and the misconduct or error of employees, AFS’s advisors and counterparties. Additionally, a failure to develop new products and services, or successfully manage associated operational risks, could harm RiverSource Life’s reputation and potentially expose RiverSource Life to additional costs, or negative public relations or social media campaigns. Any negative incidents can quickly erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in adverse mainstream and social media publicity, governmental audits or investigations or litigation. Adverse developments with respect to the financial industry may also, by association, negatively impact RiverSource Life’s reputation or result in greater regulatory or legislative scrutiny or litigation.

Misconduct or errors by RiverSource Life’s employees and agents and its affiliates’ employees and financial advisors may be difficult to detect and deter and may damage RiverSource Life’s reputation. This can include improper use of their authorized access to sensitive information. Misconduct or errors by these individuals could result in violations of law, regulatory sanctions and/or serious reputational or financial harm. RiverSource Life cannot always prevent misconduct by these individuals, and the precautions it takes to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Preventing and detecting misconduct among its affiliates’ franchisee

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advisors presents additional challenges in that they control their own technology environment on a day-to-day basis and could have an adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s business. RiverSource Life’s reputation depends on continued identification of and mitigation against conflicts of interest. RiverSource Life and its affiliates have procedures and controls that are designed to identify, address and appropriately disclose perceived conflicts of interest, though RiverSource Life’s reputation could be damaged if it fails, or appears to fail, to address conflicts of interest appropriately.

In addition, the SEC and other federal and state regulators have increased their scrutiny of potential conflicts of interest and the actions RiverSource Life may be expected to take when a conflict is encountered. It is possible that potential or perceived conflicts could give rise to litigation or enforcement actions. Also, it is possible that the regulatory scrutiny of, and litigation in connection with, conflicts of interest will make RiverSource Life’s clients less willing to enter into transactions with RiverSource Life or in certain products it offers, which would adversely affect RiverSource Life’s business.

The direct and indirect effects of climate change could adversely affect RiverSource Life’s business and operations, both directly and as a result of impacts on RiverSource Life’s clients, counterparties and entities whose securities it holds.

RiverSource Life operates in many regions and communities where RiverSource Life’s business, and the activities of RiverSource Life’s clients and counterparties, could be adversely affected by climate change. Climate change may increase the severity and frequency of weather-related catastrophes, or adversely affect RiverSource Life’s investment portfolio or investor sentiment. This includes the potential for an increase in the frequency and severity of weather-related disasters and pandemics. In addition, climate change regulation may affect the prospects of companies and other entities whose securities are held by RiverSource Life, or RiverSource Life’s willingness to continue to hold their securities. Climate change may also influence investor sentiment with respect to RiverSource Life and investments in RiverSource Life’s portfolio. It may also impact other counterparties, including reinsurers, and affect the value of investments, including real estate investments. Climate risks can also arise from the inconsistencies and conflicts in the manner in which climate policy and financial regulation is implemented in the many regions where RiverSource Life operates, including initiatives to apply and enforce policy and regulation with extraterritorial effect. Transition risks may arise from societal adjustment to a lower-carbon economy, such as changes in public policy, adoption of new technologies or changes in consumer preferences towards low-carbon goods and services. These risks could also be influenced by changes in the physical climate. Overall, RiverSource Life cannot predict or estimate the long-term impacts from climate change or related regulation.

RiverSource Life’s operational systems and networks (as well as those of its affiliates’ franchisee advisors and third parties) are subject to evolving cybersecurity or other technological risks, which could result in the disclosure of confidential information, loss of proprietary information, damage to its reputation, additional costs, regulatory penalties and other adverse impacts.

The business of RiverSource Life and its affiliates is reliant upon internal and third-party-controlled, developed and operated software (which includes opensource software), technology systems and networks to process, transmit and store information including current, potential and former clients’, employees’ and advisors’ personal information, as well as proprietary information, and to conduct business activities and transactions. Maintaining the security and integrity of this software, information and these systems and networks, appropriately responding to any cybersecurity and privacy incidents (including attempts), is critical to the success of RiverSource Life’s business operations, including RiverSource Life’s reputation, the retention of clients, and to the protection of RiverSource Life’s proprietary information and RiverSource Life’s clients’ personal information.

RiverSource Life and its affiliates rely on the third parties with whom it does business to identify and remediate software and other vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by bad actors, but they cannot always do so. For example, zero-day vulnerabilities in software and other technology solutions are immediately exploitable by bad actors as occasionally happens with certain of RiverSource Life’s vendors in the industry. RiverSource Life and its affiliates routinely face attacks and seek to address evolving threats of which it becomes aware. RiverSource Life and its affiliates have been able to identify, protect, detect, respond to and recover from these attacks to date without a material loss of client financial assets or information through the use of ongoing internal and external threat monitoring and by making continual adjustments to security and incident response capabilities.

RiverSource Life and its affiliates’ advisors, as well as service providers and clients, have also been threatened, among others, by phishing, vishing, and spear phishing scams, social engineering attacks (such as direct voice contact and any technology or communication mechanism to contact a person), account takeovers, introductions of malware, attempts at electronic break-ins and the submission of fraudulent payment requests. The number of threats and events has increased substantially every year, which is expected to continue, particularly as the use of artificial intelligence makes these attempts look more legitimate. Attempted or successful breaches or interference by third parties or by RiverSource Life’s employees that may occur in the future could have a material adverse impact on RiverSource Life’s business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations.

RiverSource Life and its affiliates are subject to various laws and regulations, and, in some cases contractual obligations, that require it to establish and maintain corporate policies and technical and operational measures designed to protect sensitive client, employee, contractor and vendor information, and to respond to cybersecurity incidents in certain ways and timeframes. RiverSource Life and its affiliates have established policies and implemented such technical and operational measures itself and have in place policies that require RiverSource Life’s service providers and AFS’s independent franchisee advisors, each of which locally control their own technology operations, to do the same. The increase in hybrid working among RiverSource Life’s and its affiliates’ employees adds complexity to monitoring and processing procedures. Changes in RiverSource Life’s business or technological advancements may also

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require corresponding changes in its systems, networks and data security and response measures. While accessing RiverSource Life’s products and services, RiverSource Life’s customers may use computers and other devices that sit outside of its security control environment. In addition, the ever-increasing reliance on technology systems and networks and the occurrence and potential adverse impact of attacks on such systems and networks, both generally and in the financial services industry, have enhanced government and regulatory scrutiny of the measures taken by companies to protect against cybersecurity threats and report incidents they suffer. As these threats, and government and regulatory oversight of associated risks, continue to evolve, RiverSource Life may be required to expend additional resources (both direct financial resources and indirect costs like people) to enhance or expand upon the technical and operational security and response measures RiverSource Life and its affiliates (as well as certain parties RiverSource Life does not control) currently maintain. These regulator-driven changes may adversely impact the client experience by, for example, requiring multiple means of verifying the identity of a client before they can interact with RiverSource Life and its affiliates.

Despite the measures RiverSource Life and its affiliates have taken and may in the future take to address and mitigate cybersecurity, privacy and technology risks, RiverSource Life cannot be certain that the systems and networks, or those used by its vendors, of RiverSource Life and its affiliates will not be subject to successful attacks, breaches or interference. Nor can RiverSource Life guarantee that parties its affiliates do not control will comply with RiverSource Life and its affiliates’ policies and procedures in this regard, or that clients will engage in safe and secure online practices. Furthermore, human error occurs from time to time and such mistakes can lead to the inadvertent disclosure of sensitive information. RiverSource Life and its affiliates have a vendor management process, but at times, RiverSource Life and its affiliates’ software or service providers could push through updates that are not fully disclosed (or tested by them) and that could alter the control posture of their products. Any such event may result in operational disruptions as well as unauthorized access to or the disclosure or loss of RiverSource Life’s proprietary information or RiverSource Life’s client, employee, vendor, or advisor personal information, which in turn may result in legal claims, regulatory scrutiny and liability, reputational damage, the incurrence of costs to respond to, eliminate or mitigate further exposure, the loss of clients or advisors, or other damage to its business. While RiverSource Life maintains cyber liability insurance that provides both third-party liability and first-party liability coverages, it may not protect RiverSource Life against all cybersecurity- and privacy-related losses. Furthermore, RiverSource Life may be subject to indemnification costs and liability to third parties if RiverSource Life breaches any confidentiality or security obligations regarding vendor data or for losses related to the data. In addition, the trend toward broad consumer and general public notification of such incidents, including those where RiverSource Life’s vendors are the party being breached, could exacerbate the harm to RiverSource Life’s business, reputation, financial condition, or results of operations in the event of a breach. Even if RiverSource Life successfully protected its technology infrastructure and the confidentiality of sensitive data and conduct appropriate incident response, RiverSource Life may incur significant expenses in connection with its responses to any such attacks as well as the adoption, implementation and maintenance of appropriate security measures.

Protection from system interruptions and operating errors is important to RiverSource Life’s business. If RiverSource Life experienced a sustained interruption to its telecommunications or data processing systems or other failure in operational execution, it could harm its business.

Operating errors and system or network interruptions could delay and disrupt RiverSource Life’s operations. Interruptions could be caused by mistake, malfeasance or other operational failures by service provider staff or employee error or malfeasance, interference by third parties, including hackers, RiverSource Life’s implementation of new technology, maintenance of existing technology or natural disasters, each of which may impact RiverSource Life’s ability to run its systems or encounter varying downtime. Though RiverSource Life plans for resiliency in its systems and test these capabilities, it could face additional downtime or data loss if its plans do not work as expected during a real event. RiverSource Life’s financial, accounting, data processing or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate or report data properly, experience connectivity disruptions or otherwise become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond its control, adversely affecting its ability to process transactions or provide products and services to clients (some of which have regulatory required response times). Further, RiverSource Life cannot control the execution of any business continuity or incident response plans implemented by its service providers.

RiverSource Life relies on third-party service providers and vendors for certain communications, technology and business functions and other services, and faces the risk of their operational failure (including, without limitation, loss of staff due to widespread illness, failure caused by an inaccuracy, untimeliness or other deficiency in data reporting), technical or security failures, termination or capacity constraints of any of the clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other third-party service providers that RiverSource Life uses to facilitate or are component providers to its securities transactions and other product manufacturing and distribution activities. These risks are heightened by RiverSource Life’s deployment in response to both client interest and evolution in the financial markets of increasingly sophisticated products and technological means for interacting with these products or client accounts. Any such failure, termination or constraint or flawed execution or response could adversely impact its ability to effect transactions, service its clients, manage its exposure to risk or otherwise achieve desired outcomes.

RiverSource Life’s risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective in identifying or mitigating its risk exposure in all market environments, products or against all types of risk, including employee and financial advisor misconduct.

RiverSource Life’s policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective in mitigating its risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk. Many of its methods of managing risk and the associated exposures are based upon its use of observed historical experience or expectations about future experience (e.g. market behavior, client/

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policyholder behavior, employee behavior, mortality, etc.) or statistics based on historical models. Experience may not emerge as expected and during periods of market volatility or due to unforeseen events, the historically-derived experience and correlations may not be valid. As a result, these methods and models may not predict future exposures accurately, which could be significantly greater than what its models indicate. Further some controls are manual and are subject to inherent limitations and RiverSource Life has a general model risk where there is a risk of loss associated with insufficient or inaccurate models that are used to support its decision. This could cause RiverSource Life to incur investment losses or cause its hedging and other risk management strategies to be ineffective. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients, catastrophe occurrence or other matters that are publicly available or otherwise accessible to RiverSource Life, which may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated.

RiverSource Life’s financial performance also requires it to develop, effectively manage, and market new or existing products and services that appropriately anticipate or respond to changes in the industry and evolving client demands. The development and introduction of new products and services, including the creation of products with a focus on environmental, social and governance maters, require continued innovative effort and may require significant time, resources, and ongoing support. Further, avoiding introducing or encouraging certain new products (such as cryptocurrency) creates the risk of losing assets or new flows to competitors who encourage or support those products. Substantial risk and uncertainties are associated with the introduction and ongoing maintenance of new products and services, including the implementation of new and appropriate operational controls and procedures, shifting and sometimes contradictory client and market preferences, the introduction of competing products or services and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Artificial intelligence (including generative artificial intelligence) presents many benefits in terms of operating efficiency, but also new risks that RiverSource Life needs to seek to mitigate through its strategic and risk management policies, such as reliance on information that may be inaccurate or biased results. In addition, the regulatory framework and expectations relating to the use of artificial intelligence are in their early stages as is the use (and how RiverSource Life and its affiliates manage the use) of artificial intelligence in its business.

Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully effective in mitigating RiverSource Life’s risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk, including those associated with key vendors. Insurance and other traditional risk-shifting tools may be held by or available to RiverSource Life in order to manage certain exposures, but they are subject to terms such as deductibles, coinsurance, limits and policy exclusions, as well as risk of counterparty denial of coverage, default or insolvency.

The occurrence of natural or man-made disasters and catastrophes could adversely affect the financial condition and results of operations of RiverSource Life.

The occurrence of natural disasters and catastrophes, including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, fires, blackouts, severe winter weather, explosions, pandemic disease and global health emergencies (such as COVID-19) and man-made disasters, including acts of terrorism, riots, civil unrest including large-scale protests, insurrections and military actions, could adversely affect the financial condition or results of operations of RiverSource Life. Such disasters and catastrophes may damage its facilities, preventing its service provider and employees from performing their roles or otherwise disturbing its ordinary business operations, and by impacting claims, as described below. These impacts could be particularly severe to the extent they affect access to physical facilities, the physical well-being of large number of employees, RiverSource Life’s computer-based data processing, transmission, storage and retrieval systems and destroy or release valuable data. Such disasters and catastrophes may also impact RiverSource Life indirectly by changing the condition and behaviors of its customers, business counterparties and regulators, as well as by causing declines or volatility in the economic and financial markets.

The potential effects of natural and man-made disasters and catastrophes on the business of RiverSource Life include but are not limited to the following: (i) a catastrophic loss of life may materially increase the amount of or accelerate the timing in which benefits are paid under its insurance policies; (ii) an increase in claims and any resulting increase in claims reserves caused by a disaster may harm the financial condition of its reinsurers, thereby impacting the cost and availability of reinsurance and the probability of default on reinsurance recoveries; (iii) widespread unavailability of staff and (iv) declines and volatility in the financial markets could harm its financial condition.

Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks

Legal and regulatory actions are inherent in RiverSource Life’s business and could result in financial losses or harm its business.

RiverSource Life is, and in the future may be, subject to legal and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of its operations. Actions brought against RiverSource Life may result in awards, settlements, penalties, injunctions or other adverse results, including reputational damage. In addition, RiverSource Life may incur significant expenses in connection with its defense against such actions regardless of their outcome. Various regulatory and governmental bodies have the authority to review RiverSource Life’s products and business practices and those of its employees and agents and its affiliates’ employees and agents and to bring regulatory or other legal actions against RiverSource Life if, in their view, RiverSource Life’s practices, or those of its employees and agents and its affiliates’ employees and agents, were or are deemed to be improper. Pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings relating

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to aspects of RiverSource Life’s business and operations that are specific to it and proceedings that are typical of the industries in which it operates. In or as a result of turbulent times, the volume of claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings generally increase.

RiverSource Life’s business is heavily regulated, and changes to the laws and regulations may have an adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s operations, reputation and financial condition.

RiverSource Life is subject to various federal and state laws and regulations, and is required to obtain and maintain licenses for its business in addition to being subject to regulatory oversight. For a discussion of the regulatory framework in which RiverSource Life operates, see Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K - “Regulation.” Compliance with these applicable laws and regulations is expensive, time-consuming and personnel-intensive, and RiverSource Life has invested and will continue to invest substantial resources to ensure compliance by its parent company and its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees and affiliated employees and agents. In addition, sometimes these laws and regulations (and potential changes) are in conflict. Further, any future legislation or changes to the laws and regulations applicable to RiverSource Life’s business, as well as changes to the interpretation and enforcement of such laws and regulations, may affect its financial condition and operations. Legislation could require changes to RiverSource Life’s operations and profitability, increase our costs of doing business, increase compliance costs as well as have a material effect on fees and interest rates, which could materially impact RiverSource Life’s products, services, investments, results of operations, products and liquidity in ways that RiverSource Life cannot predict. Ongoing changes to regulation and oversight of the financial industry may generate outcomes, the full impact of which cannot be immediately ascertained as government intervention could distort customary and expected commercial behavior.

Certain examples of legislative and regulatory changes that may impact RiverSource Life’s business are described below. Some of the changes could present operational challenges and increase costs. Ultimately the complexities and increased costs of legislative and regulatory changes could have an impact on RiverSource Life’s ability to offer cost-effective and innovative products to its clients.

Regulation of Products and Services: Any mandated reductions or restructuring of the fees RiverSource Life charges for its products and services resulting from regulatory initiatives or proceedings could reduce its revenues and/or earnings. For example, the DOL has proposed changes to regulations that redefine RiverSource Life’s affiliate’s advisors’ relationships with their clients, such as requiring a fiduciary relationship between its affiliate’s advisors and clients for assets held in qualified investment accounts.

Insurance Regulation: Changes in the state regulatory requirements applicable to RiverSource Life insurance companies that are made for the benefit of the consumer sometimes lead to additional expense for the insurer and, thus, could have a material adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations. Further, RiverSource Life cannot predict the effect that proposed federal legislation may have on RiverSource Life’s businesses or competitors, such as the option of federally chartered insurers, a mandated federal systemic risk regulator, future initiatives of the FIO within the Department of the Treasury, or by any of the Domiciliary Regulators, the NAIC or the International Association of Insurance Supervisors with respect to insurance holding company supervision, capital standards or systemic risk regulation. As discussed earlier, the FRB has finalized minimum capital requirements which will begin to take effect in 2024.

Privacy, Cybersecurity and Data: RiverSource Life’s business is subject to comprehensive legal requirements concerning the use and protection of personal information, including client and employee information, from a multitude of different functional regulators and law enforcement bodies. This regulatory framework is rapidly changing through an ever-increasing patchwork of state laws and regulation and international developments like GDPR. Further developments could negatively impact RiverSource Life’s business and operations.

Artificial intelligence and external customer data and information source: RiverSource Life’s business is subject to state insurance laws that sets forth regulatory expectations for insurers using artificial intelligence or certain external customer data or information sources. RiverSource Life expects state regulatory activity to rapidly increase in 2024 with the recent adoption of the NAIC’s Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers. Federal and other regulators (such as the SEC) are also beginning to propose rules around artificial intelligence. These developments as well as other developments could negatively impact RiverSource Life’s business and operations.

Changes in corporate tax laws and regulations and changes in the interpretation of such laws and regulations, as well as adverse determinations regarding the application of such laws and regulations, could adversely affect RiverSource Life’s earnings and could make certain products less attractive to clients.

RiverSource Life is subject to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states and municipalities. RiverSource Life must make judgments and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws when determining the provision for income taxes and must also make estimates about when in the future certain items affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. In addition, changes to the Internal Revenue Code, state or foreign tax laws, administrative rulings or court decisions could increase RiverSource Life’s provision for income taxes and reduce its earnings. Furthermore, guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury and others can be critical to the application and impact of new laws and in avoiding unintended impacts from legislation. The jurisdictions RiverSource Life operates in may not always provide clear guidance that is responsive to industry questions and concerns. If guidance is unclear, it could increase RiverSource Life’s taxes or create a potential for disagreement about interpretation of the tax code.

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Many of the products RiverSource Life issues or on which RiverSource Life’s businesses are based (including both insurance products and non-insurance products) receive favorable treatment under current U.S. federal income or estate tax law. Changes in U.S. federal income or estate tax law could reduce or eliminate the tax advantages of certain of RiverSource Life’s products and thus make such products less attractive to clients or cause a change in client demand and activity.

RiverSource Life may not be able to protect its intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.

RiverSource Life relies on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent registrations and trade secret laws to establish and protect its intellectual property. Although RiverSource Life uses a broad range of measures to protect its intellectual property rights, third parties may infringe or misappropriate its intellectual property or attempt to use the same to defraud others. RiverSource Life may have to litigate to enforce and protect its brand and reputation, copyrights, trademarks, patents, trade secrets and know-how or to determine their scope, validity or enforceability, which represents a diversion of resources that may be significant in amount and may not prove successful. The loss of intellectual property protection or the inability to secure or enforce the protection of RiverSource Life’s intellectual property assets could have a material adverse effect on its business and its ability to compete.

RiverSource Life also may be subject to costly litigation in the event that another party alleges its operations or activities infringe upon, or constitute misappropriation of, such other party’s intellectual property rights. Third parties may have, or may eventually be issued, patents or other protections that could be infringed by RiverSource Life’s products, methods, processes or services or could otherwise limit its ability to offer certain product features. Any party that holds a patent could make a claim of infringement against RiverSource Life. The threat of patent litigation from non-practicing entities could impact financial services firms and successful resolution could still have a significant financial impact. RiverSource Life may also be subject to claims by third parties for breach of copyright, trademark, license rights, or misappropriation of trade secret rights. Any such claims and any resulting litigation could result in significant liability for damages. If RiverSource Life were found to have infringed or misappropriated a third-party patent or other intellectual property rights, it could incur substantial liability, and in some circumstances, could be enjoined from providing certain products or services to its customers or utilizing and benefiting from certain methods, processes, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or licenses, or alternatively could be required to enter into costly licensing arrangements with third parties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on RiverSource Life’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in and the adoption of accounting standards could have a material impact on RiverSource Life’s financial statements

RiverSource Life’s accounting policies provide a standard for how it records and reports its financial condition and results of operations. RiverSource Life prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. It is possible that accounting changes could have a material effect on RiverSource Life’s financial condition and results of operations. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and other regulators often change the financial accounting and reporting standards governing the preparation of RiverSource Life’s financial statements. These changes are difficult to predict and could impose additional governance, internal control and disclosure demands. In some cases, RiverSource Life could be required to apply a new or revised standard retrospectively, resulting in restating prior period financial statements. As an example, in August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standard related to long-duration insurance and annuity contracts that is effective January 1, 2023 and resulted in significant changes to how RiverSource Life accounts for and reports its insurance and annuity contracts (both in-force and new business), including updating assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment contracts, measurement of market risk benefits and amortization of DAC. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

Cybersecurity is a key part of our business and client experience and is integrated into our enterprise risk management processes and policies. We maintain written policies, processes and procedures that seek to identify, protect, detect, respond to, and recover from known and emerging cybersecurity risks. Our program includes consuming threat intelligence and ongoing monitoring of known external threats. We also have operating policies and procedures designed to comply with applicable requirements in jurisdictions we operate in globally. Our policies and procedures are regularly reviewed and internally assessed to enhance our corporate security capabilities. We make ongoing investments in our technology infrastructure to support cybersecurity efforts and support reliability and the user experience. We offer clients and affiliated advisors a variety of options to help secure their information, including multi-factor authentication and the use of secure messaging sites. We provide our employees and affiliated advisors with ongoing security training and periodically test their skills and understanding with various cybersecurity exercises.

We remain vigilant against cybersecurity risks as part of operating our business. Our cybersecurity team is led by experienced staff, including our Chief Information Officer, who has been with the company in various technology positions since 2002. Previously, he worked for other companies holding senior delivery and architecture roles and holds both a bachelor’s degree in engineering and an MBA. Our Chief Information Security Officer has over 30 years of broad IT experience, with expertise in Information Security. His

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background also includes systems design and development, and he has expertise in database administration and database platforms across both mainframe and distributed platforms. Prior to joining the company, he worked as a consultant and a developer at other companies. Our risk management approach involves a matrixed structure of leaders who bring various levels of cybersecurity and technology expertise to their areas of risk management. Our technology team relies on their enterprise-wide colleagues’ expertise when needed to plan, respond, and mitigate incidents, as needed.

We conduct regular vulnerability scanning and related remediation activities for our applications and systems. We have documented expectations for the patching and updating of our software environment and set similar expectations for our affiliated financial advisors and third-party service providers where they retain control of their environment. Our cybersecurity approach supports both business continuity and risk mitigation. Should an incident occur, we have plans in place that are designed to mitigate the impact to our operations while we respond and recover, if necessary. We run a global security operations center that continuously monitors our networks and systems and is prepared to contact the appropriate teams to respond to an incident should one occur. Depending on the incident, the response group may include participation from a wide variety of groups across the enterprise. We conduct regular exercises to verify that our business continuity plans are capable of recovering our operating capabilities in line with our business needs and expectations. In addition, our global privacy team provides oversight and support to business and staff groups in conducting annual risk assessments regarding the secure handling of personally identifiable information.

Additionally, as part of our formal procurement and vendor management process, we ask our third-party service providers to have and maintain cybersecurity programs that are consistent with our legal and regulatory obligations, and we review cybersecurity risk assessments of those third-party service providers who provide key technology and services. For third-party service providers that do go through our formal procurement process and vendor risk management assessment, our vendor risk management team assigns tiers. The tiers are based on a combination of criteria, including the services provided and the information to which they have access, to focus the most detailed reviews and the most frequent assessments on highest tiered third-party service providers, while also maintaining an appropriate level of review and monitoring on lower tiers. Some third-party service providers contracted outside of the formal procurement process may still be subject to providing information about their security programs based on services performed.

Our Vendor Risk Management Office provides oversight and support to the business teams as end-users of the third-party service providers’ goods and services, while also providing a conduit through which oversight can be conducted by our management and board. When a third-party service provider is off-boarded through our procurement and vendor management process, they are subject to an off-boarding review when the relationship ends that is designed to obtain the return or destruction of our information. Our vendor management teams provide risk assessment reporting to business teams, internal risk management committees and our executive leadership. The reporting structure supports an effective design of the program, provides transparency, and drives regulatory compliance. Third-party service providers that participate in the delivery of services to us, as well as their fourth-parties, are also generally expected to have and maintain cybersecurity defenses, so long as they participate in the delivery of services to us to help protect our systems and our clients from incursions through third-party services’ systems. Should one of our third-party service providers suffer a breach in their or their fourth-party systems, we rely on them to inform us and work with us to protect our systems, remediate breaches, and mitigate the impact to our clients and our technology.

Governance

Strong ongoing governance practices and policies support our cybersecurity program. The Board of Directors and the Audit and Risk Committee are central to the oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program operated by senior management. In addition to the Audit and Risk Committee receiving quarterly cybersecurity updates, the Audit and Risk Committee discusses with management, the General Auditor, and others the company’s enterprise-wide risk assessment and risk management processes. These updates to the Audit and Risk Committee include a review of prevailing material risks and exposures, including cybersecurity and data protection threats and risks, the actions taken to address these threats and mitigate these risks, and the design and effectiveness of our processes and controls in light of evolving market, business, regulatory, and other conditions. Our Audit and Risk Committee has semiannual trainings, to which the full board is also invited, to stay educated on ever-evolving cybersecurity topics. These processes and information sharing enable the Board of Directors, the Audit and Risk Committee, and our management team to remain informed and aligned about our approach to cybersecurity risk, and the monitoring of these risks and incidents, as appropriate. Our executive Vice President of Technology and Chief Information Officer, our Chief Information Security Officer, and other officers regularly review with our Board of Directors and the Audit and Risk Committee topics such as the following: the cyber threat landscape; the design, effectiveness and ongoing enhancement of our capabilities to identify, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cyber threats and events; and any incidents that merit discussion.

During 2023, the Audit and Risk Committee reviewed our identity theft prevention and privacy programs and discussed, among other topics: mandatory staff training on fraud prevention, including threats from social engineering, identity theft experience and trends; the effectiveness of existing controls and planned enhancements to those controls; and key areas of focus for the identity theft and privacy programs.

Item 2. Properties

RiverSource Life Insurance Company owns and leases office space in Minneapolis, Minnesota. RiverSource Life believes that the various facilities it occupies are suitable and adequate.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of any material legal proceedings, see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

All of RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s outstanding common stock is owned by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. There is no established public trading market for RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s common stock.

For discussion regarding RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s payment of dividends or distributions and restrictions on those payments, see Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K - “Management’s Narrative Analysis - Capital Activity” and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Narrative Analysis

Overview

RiverSource Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively in this Form 10-K as the “Company”. The following discussion and management’s narrative analysis of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A - Risk Factors” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes.

The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Management’s narrative analysis is presented pursuant to General Instructions I(2) (a) of Form 10-K in lieu of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Company operates its business in the broader context of the macroeconomic forces around it, including the global and U.S. economies, changes in interest and inflation rates, financial market volatility, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, geopolitical strain, pandemics, the competitive environment, client and customer activities and preferences, and the various regulatory and legislative developments. Financial markets and macroeconomic conditions have had and will continue to have a significant impact on the Company’s operating and performance results. The Company’s success may be affected by the factors discussed in Part 1 - Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this report and other factors as discussed herein.

The Company consolidates certain variable interest entities for which it provides investment management services. These entities are defined as consolidated investment entities (“CIEs”). While the consolidation of the CIEs impacts the Company’s balance sheet and income statement, the exposure to these entities is unchanged and there is no impact to the underlying business results. For further information on CIEs, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CIEs, primarily syndicated loans and debt, are reflected in Net investment income.

See “Item 1 - Business” and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the business.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accounting and reporting policies that the Company uses affect its Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain of the Company’s accounting and reporting policies are critical to an understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, the application of these policies can be significantly affected by the estimates, judgments and assumptions made by management during the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting and reporting policies and estimates the Company has identified as fundamental to a full understanding of its consolidated financial condition and results of operations are described below. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the Company’s accounting policies.

Valuation of Investments

The most significant component of the Company’s investments is its Available-for-Sale securities, which the Company carries at fair value within its Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the fair value of Available-for-Sale securities. Financial markets are subject to significant movements in valuation and liquidity, which can impact the Company’s ability to liquidate and the selling price that can be realized for the Company’s securities and increases the use of judgment in determining the estimated fair value of certain investments. The Company is unable to predict impacts and determine sensitivities in reported amounts reflecting such market movements on its aggregate Available-for-Sale portfolio. Changes to these assumptions do not occur in isolation and it is impracticable to predict such impacts at the individual security unit of measure which are predominately Level 2 fair value and based on observable inputs.

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Market Risk Benefits

Market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include certain contract features on variable annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders. Guarantees accounted for as market risk benefits include guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”), guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”), guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”).

Variable Annuities

The Company has approximately $81 billion of variable annuity account value that has been issued over a period of more than fifty years. The diversified variable annuity block consists of $37 billion of account value with no living benefit guarantees and $44 billion of account value with living benefit guarantees, primarily GMWB provisions. The business is predominately issued through the Ameriprise Financial® advisor network. The majority of the variable annuity contracts currently offered by the Company contain GMDB provisions. The Company discontinued most new sales of GMWB and GMAB at the end of 2021 and new sales were completely discontinued as of mid-2022. The Company also previously offered contracts containing GMIB provisions. See Note 12 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of its variable annuity contracts.

In determining the assets or liabilities for market risk benefits, the Company projects these benefits and contract assessments using actuarial models to simulate various equity market scenarios. Significant assumptions made in projecting future benefits and assessments relate to customer asset value growth rates, mortality, surrenders (also referred to as persistency), benefit utilization and investment margins. Management reviews, and where appropriate, adjusts its assumptions each quarter. Unless management identifies a material deviation over the course of quarterly monitoring, management reviews and updates these assumptions annually in the third quarter of each year.

In addition, the valuation of market risk benefits is impacted by an estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk adjustment. This estimate includes a spread over the U.S. Treasury curve as of the balance sheet date. As the Company’s estimate of this spread over the U.S. Treasury curve widens or tightens, the liability will decrease or increase. The change in fair value due to changes in the Company’s nonperformance risk is recorded in other comprehensive income.

Regarding the exposure to variable annuity living benefit guarantees, changes to reserves due to behavioral risk are driven by changes in policyholder surrenders and utilization of guaranteed withdrawal benefits. The Company has extensive experience studies and analysis to monitor changes and trends in policyholder behavior. A significant volume of company-specific policyholder experience data is available and provides management with the ability to regularly analyze policyholder behavior. On a monthly basis, actual surrender and benefit utilization experience is compared to expectations. Experience data includes detailed policy information providing the opportunity to review impacts of multiple variables. The ability to analyze differences in experience, such as presence of a living benefit rider, existence of surrender charges, and tax qualifications provide us an effective approach in detecting changes in policyholder behavior.

At least annually, the Company performs a thorough policyholder behavior analysis to validate the assumptions included in its market risk benefit reserves. The variable annuity assumptions and resulting reserve computations reflect multiple policyholder variables. Differentiation in assumptions by policyholder age, existence of surrender charges, guaranteed withdrawal utilization, and tax qualification are examples of factors recognized in establishing management’s assumptions used in market risk benefit calculations. The extensive data derived from the Company’s variable annuity block informs management in confirming previous assumptions and revising the variable annuity behavior assumptions. Changes in assumptions are governed by a review and approval process to ensure an appropriate measurement of all impacted financial statement balances. Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and the Company is unable to predict their movement, sensitivities in reported amounts, offsetting impacts, or future impacts to the Consolidated Financial Statements over time or in any given future period.

Future Policy Benefits and Claims

The Company establishes reserves to cover the benefits associated with non-traditional and traditional long-duration products. Non-traditional long-duration products include variable and structured variable annuity contracts, fixed annuity contracts and universal life (“UL”) and variable universal life (“VUL”) policies. Traditional long-duration products include term life insurance, whole life insurance, disability income (“DI”) and long term care (“LTC”) insurance and life contingent payout annuity products.

UL and VUL policies with product features that result in profits followed by losses are accounted for as insurance liabilities. The portion of structured variable annuities, indexed annuities and indexed universal life (“IUL”) policies allocated to the indexed account is accounted for as an embedded derivative.

The establishment of reserves is an estimation process using a variety of methods, assumptions and data elements. If actual experience is better than or equal to the results of the estimation process, then reserves should be adequate to provide for future benefits and expenses. If actual experience is worse than the results of the estimation process, additional reserves may be required.

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Non-Traditional Long-Duration Products, including Embedded Derivatives

UL and VUL

A portion of the Company’s UL and VUL policies have product features that result in profits followed by losses from the insurance component of the contract. These profits followed by losses can be generated by the cost structure of the product or secondary guarantees in the contract. The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. The liability for these future losses is determined at the reporting date using actuarial models to estimate the death benefits in excess of account value and recognizing the excess over the estimated life based on expected assessments (e.g. cost of insurance charges, contractual administrative charges, similar fees and investment margin). Significant assumptions made in projecting future benefits and assessments relate to client asset value growth rates, mortality, persistency and investment margins. Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and the Company is unable to predict their movement, sensitivities in reported amounts, offsetting impacts, or future impacts to the Consolidated Financial Statements over time or in any given future period. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the liability for contracts with secondary guarantees.

Embedded Derivatives

The fair value of embedded derivatives related to structured variable annuities, indexed annuities and IUL fluctuates based on equity markets and interest rates and is reported within the Company’s total liabilities. In addition, the valuation of embedded derivatives is impacted by an estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk adjustment. This estimate includes a spread over the U.S. Treasury curve as of the balance sheet date. As the Company’s estimate of this spread over the U.S. Treasury curve widens or tightens, the liability will decrease or increase.

See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the fair value measurement of embedded derivatives.

Traditional Long-Duration Products

The liabilities for traditional long-duration products include cash flows related to unpaid amounts on reported claims, estimates of benefits payable on claims incurred but not yet reported and estimates of benefits that will become payable on term life, whole life, DI, LTC, and life contingent payout annuity policies as claims are incurred in the future. Accordingly, the claim liability (also referred to as disabled life reserves) is presented together as one liability for future policy benefits.

A liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. Expected insurance benefits are accrued over the life of the contract in proportion to premium revenue recognized (referred to as the net premium approach). The net premium ratio reflects cash flows from contract inception to contract termination (i.e., through the claim paying period) and cannot exceed 100%.

The liability for future policy benefits is updated for actual experience at least on an annual basis and concurrent with changes to cash flow assumptions. When net premiums are updated for cash flow changes, the estimated cash flows over the entire life of a group of contracts are updated using historical experience and updated future cash flow assumptions. Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and the Company is unable to predict their movement, sensitivities in reported amounts, offsetting impacts, or future impacts to the Consolidated Financial Statements over time or in any given future period.

The cash flows used in the calculation are discounted using the forward rate curve on the original contract issue date. The discount rate represents an upper-medium-grade (i.e., low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield (i.e., an A rating) that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to various market risks. All derivatives are recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments is determined using either market quotes or valuation models that are based upon the net present value of estimated future cash flows and incorporate current market observable inputs to the extent available. The Company is unable to predict impacts and determine sensitivities in reported amounts reflecting such market movements on its aggregate derivative portfolio. Changes to assumptions do not occur in isolation and it is impracticable to predict such impacts at the individual security unit of measure which are predominately Level 2 fair value and based on observable inputs.

For further details on the types of derivatives the Company uses and how it accounts for them, see Note 2, Note 14 and Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For discussion of the Company’s market risk exposures and hedging program and related sensitivity testing, see Item 7A - “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the Company’s future consolidated financial condition or results of operations, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Sources of Revenues and Expenses

Premiums

Premiums include premiums on traditional life, DI and LTC insurance products and payout annuities with a life contingent feature and are net of reinsurance premiums.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income primarily includes interest income on fixed maturity securities classified as Available-for-Sale, commercial mortgage loans, policy loans, other investments and cash and cash equivalents and investments of CIEs; the changes in fair value of certain derivatives and certain assets and liabilities of CIEs; and the pro-rata share of net income or loss on equity method investments.

Policy and Contract Charges

Policy and contract charges include mortality and expense risk fees and certain other charges assessed on annuities and UL and VUL insurance, which consist of cost of insurance charges (net of reinsurance premiums and cost of reinsurance for UL and VUL insurance products), administrative and surrender charges and distribution fees from affiliated funds underlying the Company’s variable annuity and VUL products.

Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

Net realized investment gains (losses) primarily include realized gains and losses on the sale of investments and changes for the allowance for credit losses.

Other Revenues

Other revenues primarily include fees received under marketing support arrangements which are calculated as a percentage of the Company’s separate account assets and the accretion on fixed annuities reinsurance deposit receivables.

Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses

Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses consist of amounts paid and changes in liabilities held for anticipated future benefit payments under insurance policies and annuity contracts, along with costs to process and pay such amounts. Amounts are net of benefit payments recovered or expected to be recovered under reinsurance contracts. Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses exclude the impact of remeasurement of future policy benefit reserves, which is separately presented. The changes in fair value of structured variable annuity embedded derivatives and the derivatives hedging this benefit, as well as the amortization of deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”) are also included in Benefits, claims losses and settlement expenses.

Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts

Interest credited to fixed accounts represents amounts earned by contractholders and policyholders on fixed account values associated with UL and VUL insurance and annuity contracts. The changes in fair value of indexed annuities and IUL embedded derivatives and the derivatives hedging these products are also included within Interest credited to fixed accounts.

Remeasurement (Gains) Losses of Future Policy Benefit Reserves

Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves represents changes to the net premium ratio for actual versus expected experience and updates to cash flow assumptions used to measure traditional long-duration and limited-payment insurance contracts.

Change in Fair Value of Market Risk Benefits

Change in fair value of market risk benefits includes the change in fair value of GMDB, GMIB, GMWB and GMAB as well as the changes in fair value of derivatives hedging these market risk benefits. Changes in fair value of market risk benefits are recognized in net income each period with the exception of the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).

Amortization of DAC

Direct sales commissions and other costs capitalized as deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) are amortized over time. DAC are amortized on a constant-level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected contract term to approximate straight-line amortization.

Interest and Debt Expense

Interest and debt expense primarily includes interest on CIE debt and long-term debt.

Other Insurance and Operating Expenses

Other insurance and operating expenses include expenses allocated to the Company from its parent, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”), for the Company’s share of compensation, professional and consultant fees and expenses associated with information technology and communications, facilities and equipment, advertising and promotion and legal and regulatory costs. Also included are commissions, sales and marketing expenses and other operating expenses. These expenses are presented net of acquisition cost deferrals.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022

The following table presents the Company’s consolidated results of operations:

	Years Ended December 31,				Change
	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	448	$	306	$	142	46	%
Net investment income	1,304		827		477		58
Policy and contract charges	2,020		2,078		(58)		(3)
Other revenues	590		644		(54)		(8)
Net realized investment gains (losses)	(70)		(100)		30		30
Total revenues	4,292		3,755		537		14
Benefits and expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses	1,348		236		1,112		NM
Interest credited to fixed accounts	654		665		(11)		(2)
Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves	(20)		1		(21)		NM
Change in fair value of market risk benefits	798		311		487		NM
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	239		241		(2)		(1)
Interest and debt expense	192		108		84		78
Other insurance and operating expenses	697		682		15		2
Total benefits and expenses	3,908		2,244		1,664		74
Pretax income	384		1,511		(1,127)		(75)
Income tax provision (benefit)	(10)		209		(219)		NM
Net income	$	394	$	1,302	$	(908)	(70)	%
NM  Not Meaningful - variance equal to or greater than 100%.

Overall

Net income decreased $908 million, or 70%, for 2023 compared to the prior year. Pretax income decreased $1.1 billion, or 75%, for 2023 compared to the prior year.

The following impacts were significant drivers of the year-over-year change in pretax income:

•The market impact on non-traditional long-duration products (including variable and fixed deferred annuity contracts and UL insurance contracts), net of hedges and the reinsurance accrual was an expense of $608 million for 2023 compared to a benefit of $483 million for the prior year.

•The unfavorable impact of unlocking was $99 million for 2023 compared to a favorable impact of $133 million for the prior year.

•The favorable impact of the trend in rising interest rates on the investment portfolio yield, including from investment portfolio repositioning in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Variable annuity account balances increased 9% to $80.8 billion as of December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year due to market appreciation, partially offset by net outflows of $3.0 billion. Variable annuity sales decreased 1% to $4.0 billion for 2023 compared to the prior year reflecting a decrease in sales of variable annuities with living benefit guarantees, mostly offset by an increase in sales of structured variable annuities (“SVA”). Account values with living benefit riders declined to 54% as of December 31, 2023 compared to 57% a year ago reflecting management’s actions to optimize the Company’s business mix. This trend is expected to continue and meaningfully shift the mix of business away from products with living benefit guarantees over time.

Fixed deferred annuity account balances declined 12% to $6.3 billion as of December 31, 2023 compared to the prior year as policies continue to lapse and the Company previously discontinued new sales of fixed deferred annuities and fixed index annuities.

In the third quarter of the year, management conducted its annual review of life insurance, annuity and LTC valuation assumptions relative to current experience and management expectations including modeling changes. These annual assumption updates are collectively referred to as unlocking.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The following table presents the total pretax impacts on the Company’s revenues and expenses attributable to the annual assumption updates, referred to as unlocking, for the years ended December 31:

Pretax Increase (Decrease)	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Policy and contract charges	$	1	$	(1)
Total revenues	1		(1)
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses	(17)		7
Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves:
LTC unlocking	(5)		(6)
Unlocking impact, excluding LTC	(6)		6
Total remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves	(11)		—
Change in fair value of market risk benefits	128		(139)
Amortization of DAC	—		(2)
Total benefits and expenses	100		(134)
Pretax income (loss)	$	(99)	$	133

The primary drivers of the year-over-year unlocking impact include the following items:

•The Company lowered its surrender assumptions on variable annuities with living benefits resulting in an expense in 2023.

•Interest rate assumptions resulted in a benefit in 2022, partially offset by lower surrender assumptions and updated mortality assumptions for variable annuities with living benefit guarantees.

Revenues

Premiums increased $142 million, or 46%, for 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflecting higher sales of life contingent payout annuities.

Net investment income increased $477 million, or 58%, for 2023 compared to the prior year reflecting the favorable impact of the trend in rising interest rates on the investment portfolio yield, including from investment portfolio repositioning in the fourth quarter of 2022, along with higher average balances due to the growth in SVAs and higher net investment income of CIEs.

Policy and contract charges decreased $58 million, or 3%, for 2023 compared to the prior year reflecting lower mortality and expense fees due to lower average separate account balances.

Other revenues decreased $54 million, or 8%, for 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflecting the yield on deposit receivables arising from reinsurance transactions and lower fees from lower average separate account balances.

Net realized investment losses were $70 million for 2023 compared to net realized investment losses of $100 million for the prior year. For 2023, net realized investment losses included net realized losses of $27 million on Available-for-Sale securities, driven by the continued fixed maturity portfolio repositioning and net realized losses of $44 million on investments held by CIEs. For 2022, net realized investment losses were primarily driven by impairments on securities as the Company repositioned a portion of its fixed maturity bond portfolio in response to market conditions and credit losses on corporate debt securities.

Benefits and Expenses

Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses increased $1.1 billion for 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflecting the following items:

•An $824 million increase in expense from market impacts on SVA embedded derivative, net of hedging activity. This increase was the result of a favorable $955 million change in the market impact on derivatives hedging the SVA embedded derivative and an unfavorable $1.8 billion change in the market impact on the SVA embedded derivative. The main market drivers contributing to these changes was the equity market impact on the SVA embedded derivative net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets, which resulted in a benefit for 2023 compared to a benefit in the prior year.

•The impact of higher sales of life contingent payout annuities and increased volume in SVAs.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Interest credited to fixed accounts decreased $11 million, or 2%, for 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflecting the following items:

•A $28 million increase in expense from the unhedged nonperformance credit spread risk adjustment on IUL benefits. The unfavorable impact of the nonperformance credit spread was $15 million for 2023 compared to a favorable impact of $13 million for the prior year.

•A $17 million decrease in expense from other market impacts on IUL benefits, net of hedges, which was an expense of $34 million for 2023 compared to an expense of $51 million for the prior year. The decrease in expense was primarily due to an increase in the IUL embedded derivative in the prior year, which reflected higher option costs due to a higher new money rate, offset by more discounting due to higher Treasury rates.

•A decrease in expense driven by variable annuity net outflows.

Change in fair value of market risk benefits increased $487 million for 2023 compared to the prior year primarily reflecting the following items:

•The impact of unlocking was an expense of $128 million for 2023 primarily reflecting the impact of lower surrender assumptions on variable annuities with living benefits compared to a benefit of $139 million for the prior year primarily reflecting the impact of interest rate assumptions, partially offset by continued lower surrender assumptions and updated mortality assumptions for variable annuities with living benefits.

•A $191 million increase in expense from market impacts on variable annuity guaranteed benefits, net of hedges in place to offset those risks. This increase was the result of an unfavorable $132 million change in the market impact on variable annuity guaranteed benefits reserves and an unfavorable $59 million change in the market impact on derivatives hedging the variable annuity guaranteed benefits. The main market drivers contributing to these changes are summarized below:

•Equity market impact on the variable annuity guaranteed benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a benefit for 2023 compared to an expense for the prior year.

•Interest rate and bond impact on the variable annuity guaranteed benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a lower benefit for 2023 compared to the prior year.

•Volatility impact on the variable annuity guaranteed benefits liability net of the impact on the corresponding hedge assets resulted in a lower expense for 2023 compared to the prior year.

•Other unhedged items, including the difference between the assumed and actual underlying separate account investment performance, transaction costs and various behavioral items, were a lower net expense for 2023 compared to the prior year.

Interest and debt expense increased $84 million, or 78%, for 2023 compared to the prior year reflecting higher interest expense of CIEs.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was (2.5)% for 2023 compared to 13.8% for the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate for 2023 compared to the prior year is primarily due to lower pretax income in the current year. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion on income taxes.

Closed Block LTC Insurance

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s nursing home indemnity LTC block had approximately $68 million in gross in force annual premium and future policyholder benefits and claim reserves of approximately $1.4 billion, net of reinsurance, which was 51% of LTC GAAP reserves. This block has been shrinking over the last few years given the average attained age is 84 and the average attained age of policyholders on claim is 89. Fifty-four percent of daily benefits in force in this block are lifetime benefits.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s comprehensive reimbursement LTC block had approximately $113 million in gross in force annual premium and future policyholder benefits and claim reserves of approximately $1.3 billion, net of reinsurance. This block has higher premiums per policy than the nursing home indemnity LTC policies. The average attained age is 79 and the average attained age of policyholders on claim is 86. Thirty-four percent of daily benefits in force in this block are lifetime benefits.

The Company utilizes three primary levers to manage its LTC business. First, the Company has taken an active approach of steadily increasing rates since 2005, with cumulative rate increases of 251% on its nursing home indemnity LTC block (excluding home care riders) and 154% on its comprehensive reimbursement LTC block as of December 31, 2023. Second, the Company has a reserving process that reflects the policy features and risk characteristics of its blocks. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 43,000 policies that were closed with claim activity, as well as 8,000 open claims. The Company applies this experience to its in force policies, which were 80,000 as of December 31, 2023, at a very granular level by issue year, attained age and benefit features. The Company’s statutory reserves are $265 million higher than its GAAP reserves and include margins on key assumptions for morbidity and mortality, as well as $345 million in asset adequacy reserves as of December 31, 2023. Lastly, the Company has prudently managed its investment portfolio primarily through a liquid, investment grade portfolio.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The Company undertakes an extensive review of the cash flow and expense assumptions supporting the liability for future policy benefits annually during the third quarter of each year, or more frequently if appropriate, using current best estimate assumptions as of the date of the review. The annual review process includes an analysis of its key reserve assumptions, including those for morbidity, terminations (mortality and lapses), and premium rate increases.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company reports certain assets and liabilities at fair value; specifically, separate account assets, derivatives, market risk benefits, embedded derivatives, most investments and cash equivalents. Fair value assumes the exchange of assets or liabilities occurs in orderly transactions and is not the result of a forced liquidation or distressed sale. The Company includes actual market prices, or observable inputs, in its fair value measurements to the extent available. Broker quotes are obtained when quotes from pricing services are not available. The Company validates prices obtained from third parties through a variety of means such as: price variance analysis, subsequent sales testing, stale price review, price comparison across pricing vendors and due diligence reviews of vendors. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s fair value measurements.

Fair Value of Liabilities and Nonperformance Risk

Companies are required to measure the fair value of liabilities at the price that would be received to transfer the liability to a market participant (an exit price). Since there is not a market for the Company’s obligations of its market risk benefits, fixed deferred indexed annuities, structured variable annuities, and IUL insurance, the Company considers the assumptions participants in a hypothetical market would make to reflect an exit price. As a result, the Company adjusts the valuation of market risk benefits, fixed deferred indexed annuities, structured variable annuities, and IUL insurance by updating certain contractholder assumptions, adding explicit margins to provide for risk, and adjusting the rates used to discount expected cash flows to reflect a current market estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. The nonperformance risk adjustment is based on observable market data adjusted to estimate the risk of the Company not fulfilling these liabilities. Consistent with general market conditions, this estimate resulted in a spread over the U.S. Treasury curve as of December 31, 2023. As the Company’s estimate of this spread widens or tightens, the liability will decrease or increase, respectively. If this nonperformance credit spread moves to a zero spread over the U.S. Treasury curve, the reduction to future total equity would be approximately $795 million, net of the reinsurance accrual and income taxes (calculated at the statutory tax rate of 21%), based on December 31, 2023 credit spreads.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Strategy

The liquidity requirements of the Company are generally met by funds provided by investment income, maturities and periodic repayments of investments, premiums and proceeds from sales of investments, fixed annuity and fixed insurance deposits as well as capital contributions from its parent, Ameriprise Financial. Other liquidity sources the Company has established are short-term borrowings and available lines of credit with Ameriprise Financial aggregating $852 million. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the lines of credit.

The Company enters into short-term borrowings, which may include repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances to reduce reinvestment risk. Short-term borrowings allow the Company to receive cash to reinvest in longer-duration assets, while maintaining the flexibility to pay back the short-term debt with cash flows generated by the fixed income portfolio. RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which provides RiverSource Life Insurance Company access to collateralized borrowings. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had estimated maximum borrowing capacity of $4.0 billion and $3.9 billion under the FHLB facility, respectively, of which $201 million was outstanding as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, and is collateralized with commercial mortgage backed securities.

Short-term contractual obligations for the year 2024 include estimated insurance and annuity benefits of $2.2 billion in addition to operating liquidity needs. Long-term contractual obligations for years after 2024 include estimated insurance and annuity benefits of $55.2 billion.

See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the Company’s long-term debt.

The primary uses of funds are policy benefits, commissions, other product-related acquisition and sales inducement costs, operating expenses, policy loans, dividends to Ameriprise Financial and investment purchases. The Company routinely reviews its sources and uses of funds in order to meet its ongoing obligations, including reinsurance arrangements. The Company believes these cash flows will be sufficient to fund its short-term and long-term operating liquidity needs and dividends to Ameriprise Financial. Specific to reinsurance counterparties, in 2009, the Company established an agreement to protect its exposure to Genworth Life Insurance Company (“GLIC”) for its reinsured LTC. In 2016, substantial enhancements to this reinsurance protection agreement were finalized. The terms of these confidential provisions within the agreement have been shared, in the normal course of regular reviews, with the Company’s domiciliary regulator and rating agencies. GLIC is domiciled in Delaware, so in the event GLIC were subjected to rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings, such proceedings would be located in (and governed by) Delaware laws. Delaware courts have a long tradition of respecting commercial and reinsurance affairs, as well as contracts among sophisticated parties. Similar credit protections to what the Company has with GLIC have been tested and respected in Delaware and elsewhere in the United States, and as a result the Company believes its credit protections would be respected even in the unlikely event that GLIC becomes subject to

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

rehabilitation or insolvency proceedings in Delaware. Accordingly, while no credit protections are perfect, the Company believes the correct way to think about the risks represented by its counterparty credit exposure to GLIC is not the full amount of the gross liability that GLIC reinsures, but a much smaller net exposure to GLIC (if any that might exist after taking into account the Company’s credit protections). Thus, management believes that this agreement and offsetting non LTC legacy arrangements with Genworth Financial, Inc. will enable the Company to recover on all net exposure in all material respects in the event of a rehabilitation or insolvency of GLIC.

Capital Activity

Cash dividends and return of capital or distributions paid and received by RiverSource Life Insurance Company were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Dividends paid to Ameriprise Financial	$	600	$	600	$	1,900
Dividend received from RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York	50		63		—
Dividends received from RiverSource Tax Advantaged Investments, Inc.	—		—		50
Return of capital received from RiverSource Tax Advantaged Investments, Inc.	75		80		—

For dividends or distributions from the life insurance companies, notifications to state insurance regulators were made in advance of payments in excess of statutorily defined thresholds. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Regulatory Capital

RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY are subject to regulatory capital requirements. Actual capital, determined on a statutory basis, and regulatory capital requirements as of December 31 for each of the life insurance entities are as follows:

	Actual Capital (1)				Regulatory Capital Requirement (2)
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in millions)
RiverSource Life Insurance Company	$	3,093	$	3,103	$	512	$	571
RiverSource Life of NY	244		320		40		40

(1) Actual capital, as defined by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners for purposes of meeting regulatory capital requirements, includes statutory capital and surplus, plus certain statutory valuation reserves.

(2) Regulatory capital requirement is the company action level and is based on the statutory risk-based capital filing.

In October 2023, the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) issued its final rule establishing a consolidated capital framework termed the “Building Block Approach” for savings and loan holding companies like Ameriprise Financial that are significantly engaged in insurance activities. The rule is effective January 1, 2024, with reporting to the FRB beginning in 2025. This rule does not impact the Company’s statutory risk-based capital requirements.

Risk Management

In accordance with regulatory investment guidelines, RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY, through their respective boards of directors or board of directors’ investment committees or staff functions, review models projecting different interest rate scenarios, risk/return measures, and their effect on profitability in order to guide the management of the general account assets. They also review the distribution of assets in the portfolio by type and credit risk sector. The objective is to structure the investment securities portfolio in the general account to meet contractual obligations under the insurance and annuity products and achieve targeted levels of profitability within defined risk parameters.

The Company has developed an asset/liability management approach with separate investment objectives to support specific product liabilities, such as insurance and annuities. As part of this approach, the Company develops specific investment guidelines that are designed to optimize trade-offs between risk and return and help ensure the Company is able to support future benefit payments under its insurance and annuity obligations. These same objectives must be consistent with management’s overall investment objectives for the general account investment portfolio.

The Company’s owned investment securities are primarily invested in long-term and intermediate-term fixed maturity securities to earn a competitive rate of return on investments while managing risk. Investments in fixed maturity securities are designed to provide the Company with a targeted margin between the yield earned on investments and the interest rate credited to clients’ accounts. The Company does not trade in securities to generate short-term profits for its own account.

As part of the Company’s investment process, management, with the assistance of its investment advisors, conducts a quarterly review of investment performance. The review process involves the review of certain invested assets which the committee evaluates to determine whether or not any investments are other-than-temporarily impaired and/or which specific interest earning investments should be put on an interest non-accrual basis.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The Company has interest rate risk and equity market risk. Interest rate risk can result from investing in assets that do not exactly match the cash flow profile of the liabilities they support. The Company manages interest rate risk through the use of a variety of tools that include managing the duration of investments supporting its fixed annuities and insurance products. Additionally, the Company enters into derivative instruments, such as structured derivatives, options, futures and swaps, which change the interest rate characteristics of client liabilities or investment assets. Because certain of its investment activities are impacted by the value of its managed equity-based portfolios, from time to time the Company enters into risk management strategies that may include the use of equity derivative instruments, such as equity options, to mitigate its exposure to volatility in the equity markets.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s primary market risk exposures are interest rate, equity price and credit risk. Equity price and interest rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations, primarily due to the effects they have on asset-based fees and expenses, the “spread” income generated on its fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, fixed portion of its variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, the value of market risk benefits and other liabilities associated with its variable annuities and the value of derivatives held to hedge related benefits.

Market risk benefits continue to be managed by utilizing a hedging program which attempts to match the sensitivity of the assets with the sensitivity of the benefits. This approach works with the premise that matched sensitivities will produce a highly effective hedging result. The Company’s comprehensive hedging program focuses mainly on first order sensitivities of assets and liabilities: Equity Market Level (Delta), Interest Rate Level (Rho) and Volatility (Vega). Additionally, various second order sensitivities are managed. The Company uses various options, swaptions, swaps and futures to manage risk exposures. The exposures are measured and monitored daily, and adjustments to the hedge portfolio are made as necessary.

To evaluate interest rate and equity price risk, the Company performs sensitivity testing which measures the impact on pretax income from the sources listed below for a 12-month period following a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a hypothetical 10% decline in equity prices. The interest rate risk test assumes a sudden 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve, with rates then staying at those levels for the next 12 months. The equity price risk test assumes a sudden 10% drop in equity prices, with equity prices then staying at those levels for the next 12 months. In estimating the values of variable annuities, indexed annuities, IUL insurance and the associated hedging instruments, the Company assumed no change in implied market volatility despite the 10% drop in equity prices.

The following tables present the Company’s estimate of the impact on pretax income from the above defined hypothetical market movements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31, 2023
Equity Price Decline 10%	Equity Price Exposure to Pretax Income
	Before Hedge Impact		Hedge Impact		Net Impact
	(in millions)
Asset-based fees and expenses (1)	$	(56)	$	—	$	(56)
Variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits:
Market risk benefits	(1,049)		756		(293)
Indexing feature for structured variable annuities	793		(513)		280
Total variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits	(256)		243		(13)
IUL insurance	52		(52)		—
Total	$	(260)	$	191	$	(69)

Interest Rate Increase 100 Basis Points	Interest Rate Exposure to Pretax Income
	Before Hedge Impact		Hedge Impact		Net Impact
	(in millions)
Asset-based fees and expenses (1)	$	(12)	$	—	$	(12)
Variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits:
Market risk benefits	1,404		(1,056)		348
Indexing feature for structured variable annuities	6		127		133
Total variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits	1,410		(929)		481
Fixed annuities, fixed insurance and fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance products	43		—		43
IUL insurance	14		1		15
Total	$	1,455	$	(928)	$	527

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

December 31, 2022
Equity Price Decline 10%	Equity Price Exposure to Pretax Income
	Before Hedge Impact		Hedge Impact		Net Impact
	(in millions)
Asset-based fees and expenses (1)	$	(54)	$	—	$	(54)
Variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits:
Market risk benefits	(870)		648		(222)
Indexing feature for structured variable annuities	494		(291)		203
Total variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits	(376)		357		(19)
IUL insurance	39		(21)		18
Total	$	(391)	$	336	$	(55)

Interest Rate Increase 100 Basis Points	Interest Rate Exposure to Pretax Income
	Before Hedge Impact		Hedge Impact		Net Impact
	(in millions)
Asset-based fees and expenses (1)	$	(12)	$	—	$	(12)
Variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits:
Market risk benefits	1,484		(1,028)		456
Indexing feature for structured variable annuities	(29)		82		53
Total variable annuity and structured variable annuity benefits	1,455		(946)		509
Fixed annuities, fixed insurance and fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance products	25		—		25
IUL insurance	12		1		13
Total	$	1,480	$	(945)	$	535

(1) Excludes incentive income which is impacted by market and fund performance during the period and cannot be readily estimated.

Net impacts shown in the above tables from market risk benefits result largely from differences between the liability valuation basis and the hedging basis. Liabilities are valued using fair value accounting principles, with risk margins incorporated in contractholder behavior assumptions. The Company’s hedging is based on its determination of economic risk, which excludes certain items in the liability valuation.

Actual results could and likely will differ materially from those illustrated above as fair values have a number of estimates and assumptions. For example, the illustration above includes assuming that implied market volatility does not change when equity prices fall by 10% and that the 100 basis point increase in interest rates is a parallel shift of the yield curve. Furthermore, the Company has not tried to anticipate changes in client preferences for different types of assets or other changes in client behavior, nor has the Company tried to anticipate all strategic actions management might take to increase revenues or reduce expenses in these scenarios.

The selection of a 100 basis point interest rate increase as well as a 10% equity price decline should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Impacts of larger or smaller changes in interest rates or equity prices may not be proportional to those shown for a 100 basis point increase in interest rates or a 10% decline in equity prices.

Asset-Based Fees and Expenses

The Company earns asset-based management fees on its owned separate account assets partially offset by certain expenses. As of December 31, 2023, the value of these assets was $74.6 billion. This source of revenue is subject to both interest rate and equity price risk since the value of these assets and the fees they earn fluctuate inversely with interest rates and directly with equity prices. The Company does not currently hedge the interest rate or equity price risk of this exposure.

Market Risk Benefits

The total contract value of all variable annuities as of December 31, 2023 was $80.8 billion. See Note 12 for details of the reserves associated with market risk benefits. The changes in fair value of variable annuity market risk benefits are recorded through earnings, with the exception of the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the Company’s nonperformance risk, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Fair value is calculated based on projected, discounted cash flows over the life of the contract, including projected, discounted benefits and fees.

Equity Price Risk

The variable annuity guaranteed benefits guarantee payouts to the annuity holder under certain specific conditions regardless of the performance of the investment assets. For this reason, when equity prices decline, the returns from the separate account assets coupled

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

with guaranteed benefit fees from annuity holders may not be sufficient to fund expected payouts. In that case, reserves must be increased with a negative impact to earnings.

The core derivative instruments with which the Company hedges the equity price risk of these benefits are longer dated put and call options; these core instruments are supplemented with equity futures and total return swaps. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Company’s derivative instruments.

Interest Rate Risk

Increases in interest rates reduce the fair value of the liabilities and may result in market risk benefits in an asset position. The interest rate exposure is hedged with a portfolio of interest rate swaps, futures and swaptions. The Company entered into interest rate swaps according to risk exposures along maturities, thus creating both fixed rate payor and variable rate payor terms. If interest rates were to increase, the Company would have to pay more to the swap counterparty, and the fair value of its equity puts would decrease, resulting in a negative impact to the Company’s pretax income.

Structured Variable Annuities

Structured variable annuities offer the contractholder the ability to allocate account value to either an account that earns fixed interest (fixed account) or an account that is impacted by the performance of various equity indices (indexed account) subject to a cap, floor or buffer. The Company’s earnings are based upon the spread between investment income earned and the credits made to the fixed account and benefits reflected in an indexed account of the structured variable annuities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $10.7 billion in liabilities related to structured variable annuities.

Equity Price Risk

The equity-linked return to contractholders creates equity price risk as the amount paid to contractholders depends on changes in equity prices. The equity price risk for structured variable annuities is evaluated together with the variable annuity riders as part of a hedge program using the derivative instruments consistent with the hedging on variable annuity riders.

Interest Rate Risk

The fair value of the embedded derivative associated with structured variable annuities is based on a discounted cash flow approach. Changes in interest rates impact the discounting of the embedded derivative liability. The spread between the investment income earned and amounts transferred to contractholders is also affected by changes in interest rates. These interest rate risks associated with structured variable annuities are not currently hedged.

Fixed Annuities, Fixed Insurance and Fixed Portion of Variable Annuities and Variable Insurance Contracts

The Company’s earnings from fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts are based upon the spread between rates earned on assets held and the rates at which interest is credited to accounts. The Company primarily invests in fixed rate securities to fund the rate credited to clients. The Company guarantees an interest rate to the holders of these products. Investment assets and client liabilities generally differ as it relates to basis, repricing or maturity characteristics. Rates credited to clients’ accounts generally reset at shorter intervals than the yield on the underlying investments. Therefore, in an increasing interest rate environment, higher interest rates may be reflected in crediting rates to clients sooner than in rates earned on invested assets, which could result in a reduced spread between the two rates, reduced earned income and a negative impact on pretax income. While interest rates under the current environment have relieved some pressure from the liability guaranteed minimum interest rates (“GMIRs”), there are still some GMIRs above current levels. Hence, liability credited rates will move more slowly under a modest rise in interest rates while projected asset purchases would capture the full increase in interest rates. This dynamic would result in widening spreads under a modestly rising rate scenario given the current relationship between the current level of interest rates and the underlying GMIRs on the business. Of the $37.5 billion in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims as of December 31, 2023, $16.9 billion is related to liabilities created by these products. The Company does not hedge this exposure.

As a result of the current market environment, reinvestment yields are becoming more aligned with the current portfolio yield. The Company would expect the recent decline in its portfolio income yields to slow and begin to stabilize in future periods under the current environment. The carrying value and weighted average yield of non-structured fixed maturity securities and commercial mortgage loans that may generate proceeds to reinvest through 2025 due to prepayment, maturity or call activity at the option of the issuer, excluding securities with a make-whole provision, were $1.1 billion and 4.2%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. In addition, residential mortgage backed securities, which can be subject to prepayment risk under a low interest rate environment, totaled $3.6 billion and had a weighted average yield of 4.1% as of December 31, 2023. While these amounts represent investments that could be subject to reinvestment risk, it is also possible that these investments will be used to fund liabilities or may not be prepaid and will remain invested at their current yields. In addition to the interest rate environment, the mix of benefit payments versus product sales as well as the timing and volumes associated with such mix may impact the Company’s investment yield. Furthermore, reinvestment activities and the associated investment yield may also be impacted by corporate strategies implemented at management’s discretion. The average yield for investment purchases during the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately 5.8%.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The reinvestment of proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments at rates near the current portfolio yield will have limited impact to future operating results. In this volatile rate environment, the Company assesses reinvestment risk in its investment portfolio and monitors this risk in accordance with its asset/liability management framework. In addition, the Company may update the crediting rates on its fixed products when warranted, subject to guaranteed minimums.

See Note 10 for more information on the account values of fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts by range of GMIRs and the range of the difference between rates credited to policyholders and contractholders as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the respective guaranteed minimums, as well as the percentage of account values subject to rate reset in the time period indicated.

Indexed Universal Life

IUL insurance is similar to UL in many regards, although the rate of credited interest above the minimum guarantee for funds allocated to an indexed account is linked to the performance of the specified index for the indexed account (subject to stated account parameters, which include a cap and floor, or a spread and floor). The policyholder may allocate all or a portion of the policy value to a fixed or any available indexed account. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $2.7 billion in liabilities related to the indexed accounts of IUL.

Equity Price Risk

The equity-linked return to investors creates equity price risk as the amount credited depends on changes in equity prices. Most of the proceeds received from IUL insurance are invested in fixed income securities. To hedge the equity exposure, a portion of the investment earnings received from the fixed income securities is used to purchase call spreads which generate returns to replicate what the Company must credit to client accounts.

Interest Rate Risk

As mentioned above, most of the proceeds received from IUL insurance are invested in fixed income securities with the return on those investments intended to fund the purchase of call spreads and options. There are two risks relating to interest rates. First, the Company has the risk that investment returns are such that it does not have enough investment income to purchase the needed call spreads. Second, in the event the policy is surrendered, the Company pays out a book value surrender amount and there is a risk that it will incur a loss upon having to sell the fixed income securities backing the liability (if interest rates have risen). This risk is not currently hedged.

Credit Risk

The Company is exposed to credit risk within its investment portfolio, including its loan portfolio, and through its derivative and reinsurance activities. Credit risk relates to the uncertainty of an obligor’s continued ability to make timely payments in accordance with the contractual terms of the financial instrument or contract. The Company considers its total potential credit exposure to each counterparty and its affiliates to ensure compliance with pre-established credit guidelines at the time it enters into a transaction which would potentially increase the Company’s credit risk. These guidelines and oversight of credit risk are managed through a comprehensive enterprise risk management program that includes members of senior management.

The Company manages the risk of credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties by applying disciplined fundamental credit analysis and underwriting standards, prudently limiting exposures to lower-quality, higher-yielding investments, and diversifying exposures by issuer, industry, region and underlying investment type. The Company remains exposed to occasional adverse cyclical economic downturns during which default rates may be significantly higher than the long-term historical average used in pricing.

The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master netting arrangements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. Generally, the Company’s current credit exposure on over-the-counter derivative contracts is limited to a derivative counterparty’s net positive fair value of derivative contracts after taking into consideration the existence of netting arrangements and any collateral received. This exposure is monitored and managed to an acceptable threshold level.

The counterparty risk for centrally cleared over-the-counter derivatives is transferred to a central clearing party through contract novation. The central clearing party requires both daily settlement of mark-to-market and initial margin. Because the central clearing party monitors open positions and adjusts collateral requirements daily, the Company has minimal credit exposure from such derivative instruments.

Exchange-traded derivatives are effected through regulated exchanges that require contract standardization and initial margin to transact through the exchange. Because exchange-traded futures are marked to market and generally cash settled on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such derivative instruments. Other exchange-traded derivatives would be exposed to nonperformance by counterparties for amounts in excess of initial margin requirements only if the exchange is unable to fulfill the contract.

29

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The Company manages its credit risk related to reinsurance treaties by evaluating the financial condition of reinsurance counterparties prior to entering into new reinsurance treaties. In addition, the Company regularly evaluates their financial strength during the terms of the treaties. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s largest reinsurance credit risks are related to coinsurance treaties with Global Atlantic Financial Group’s subsidiary Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company and with life insurance subsidiaries of Genworth Financial, Inc. See Note 7 and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on reinsurance.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements that reflect the Company’s plans, estimates and beliefs. The Company’s actual results could differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include: 

•statements of the Company’s plans, intentions, expectations, objectives, or goals, including those related to the introduction, cessation, terms or pricing of new or existing products and services and the consolidated tax rate;

•statements about the expected trend in the shift to lower-risk products, including the exit from variable annuities with living benefit riders and the discontinuance of new sales of universal life insurance with secondary guarantees;

•other statements about future economic performance, the performance of equity markets and interest rate variations and the economic performance of the United States and of global markets; and

•statements of assumptions underlying such statements.

The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “optimistic,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “likely,” “forecast,” “on track,” “project,” “continue,” “able to remain,” “resume,” “deliver,” “develop,” “evolve,” “drive,” “enable,” “flexibility,” “scenario,” “case”, “appear”, “expand” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements.

Such factors include, but are not limited to: 

•market fluctuations and general economic and political factors, including volatility in the U.S. and global market conditions, client behavior and volatility in the markets for the Company’s products;

•changes in interest rates;

•adverse capital and credit market conditions or any downgrade in the Company’s credit ratings;

•effects of competition and the Company’s larger competitors’ economies of scale;

•declines in the Company’s investment management performance;

•the Company’s and its affiliates’ ability to compete in attracting and retaining talent, including AFS attracting and retaining financial advisors;

•impairment, negative performance or default by financial institutions or other counterparties;

•poor performance of the Company’s variable products;

•changes in valuation of securities and investments included in the Company’s assets;

•the determination of the amount of allowances taken on loans and investments;

•the illiquidity of some of the Company’s investments;

•failures by other insurers that lead to higher assessments the Company owes to state insurance guaranty funds;

•failures or defaults by counterparties to the Company’s reinsurance arrangements;

•inadequate reserves for future policy benefits and claims or for future redemptions and maturities;

•deviations from the Company’s assumptions regarding morbidity, mortality and persistency affecting the Company’s profitability;

•damages to the Company’s or its affiliates’ reputation arising from employee or agent misconduct or otherwise;

•direct or indirect effects of or responses to climate change;

•interruptions or other failures in the Company’s operating systems and networks, including errors or failures caused by third-party service providers, interference or third-party attacks;

•interruptions or other errors in the Company’s telecommunications or data processing systems;

•    identification and mitigation of risk exposure in market environments, new products, vendors and other types of risk;

•    occurrence of natural or man-made disasters and catastrophes;

•    legal and regulatory actions brought against the Company;

•    changes to laws and regulations that govern operation of the Company’s business;

•    changes in corporate tax laws and regulations and interpretations and determinations of tax laws impacting the Company’s products;

•    protection of the Company’s intellectual property and claims the Company infringes the intellectual property of others; and

•changes in and the adoption of new accounting standards.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

The Company cautions the reader that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. There may also be other risks that the Company is unable to predict at this time that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements. The foregoing list of factors should be read in conjunction with the “Risk Factors” discussion in Part I, Item 1A in the Company’s 2023 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Items required under this section are included in Item 7 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K - “Management’s Narrative Analysis - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Consolidated Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Firm ID 238)		33
Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2023 and 2022		35
Consolidated Statements of Income — Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021		36
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021		36
Consolidated Statements of Shareholder’s Equity — Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021		37
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021		38
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		40
1.	Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation	40
2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	40
3.	Recent Accounting Pronouncements	48
4.	Revenue from Contracts with Customers	51
5.	Variable Interest Entities	52
6.	Investments	56
7.	Financing Receivables	59
8.	Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs	63
9.	Reinsurance	64
10.	Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims	66
11.	Separate Account Assets and Liabilities	77
12.	Market Risk Benefits	78
13.	Debt	81
14.	Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities	82
15.	Related Party Transactions	90
16.	Regulatory Requirements	91
17.	Offsetting Assets and Liabilities	92
18.	Derivatives and Hedging Activities	93
19.	Shareholder’s Equity	97
20.	Income Taxes	98
21.	Commitments and Contingencies	100

Schedules:

All information on schedules to the Consolidated Financial Statements required by Rule 7-05 in Article 7 of Regulation S-X is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto or is not required. Therefore, all schedules have been omitted.

32

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RiverSource Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of shareholder’s equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for long-duration insurance contracts in 2023.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Valuation of market risk benefits

As described in Notes 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include certain contract features on variable annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to contractholders. Market risk benefits are measured at fair value, at the individual contract level, using a non-option-based valuation approach or an option-based valuation approach, dependent upon the fee structure of the contract. The significant assumptions used by management to develop the fair value measurements of market risk benefits include utilization of guaranteed withdrawals, surrender rate, market volatility, nonperformance risk and mortality rate. As of December 31, 2023, the market risk benefits asset was $1,427 million and the market risk benefits liability was $1,762 million.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of market risk benefits is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the market risk benefits, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s significant assumptions related to utilization of guaranteed withdrawals, surrender rate, market volatility, nonperformance risk and mortality rate (collectively, the significant market risk benefit assumptions), and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

33

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to market risk benefits, including controls over the reasonableness of the significant market risk benefit assumptions. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the market risk benefits, (ii) testing, on a sample basis, the completeness and accuracy of data used in the estimate, and (iii) the involvement of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in evaluating the reasonableness of the significant market risk benefit assumptions based on industry knowledge and data as well as historical Company data and experience, and the continued appropriateness of unchanged assumptions.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 22, 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)
	(in millions, except share amounts)
Assets
Investments:
Available-for-Sale: Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2023, $19,871; 2022, $17,331; allowance for credit losses: 2023, $2; 2022, $22)	$	19,374	$	16,135
Mortgage loans, at amortized cost (allowance for credit losses: 2023, $10; 2022, $11)	1,725		1,768
Policy loans	912		847
Other investments (allowance for credit losses: 2023, nil; 2022, nil)	165		207
Total investments	22,176		18,957
Investments of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	2,099		2,354
Cash and cash equivalents	2,598		2,611
Cash of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	87		133
Market risk benefits	1,427		1,015
Reinsurance recoverables (allowance for credit losses: 2023, $27; 2022, $23)	4,284		4,228
Receivables	6,702		7,577
Receivables of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	28		20
Accrued investment income	176		145
Deferred acquisition costs	2,696		2,759
Other assets	6,977		4,726
Other assets of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	1		2
Separate account assets	74,634		70,876
Total assets	$	123,885	$	115,403
Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity
Liabilities:
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	$	37,535	$	34,122
Market risk benefits	1,762		2,118
Short-term borrowings	201		201
Long-term debt	500		500
Debt of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	2,155		2,363
Other liabilities	5,896		4,131
Other liabilities of consolidated investment entities, at fair value	45		119
Separate account liabilities	74,634		70,876
Total liabilities	122,728		114,430
Shareholder’s equity:
Common stock, $30 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding	3		3
Additional paid-in capital	2,466		2,466
Accumulated deficit	(618)		(412)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(694)		(1,084)
Total shareholder’s equity	1,157		973
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity	$	123,885	$	115,403

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 3 for more information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Statements of Income

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)		2021 (1)
	(in millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	448	$	306	$	(871)
Net investment income	1,304		827		827
Policy and contract charges	2,020		2,078		2,250
Other revenues	590		644		616
Net realized investment gains (losses)	(70)		(100)		595
Total revenues	4,292		3,755		3,417
Benefits and expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses	1,348		236		(157)
Interest credited to fixed accounts	654		665		600
Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves	(20)		1		(52)
Change in fair value of market risk benefits	798		311		(113)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	239		241		245
Interest and debt expense	192		108		105
Other insurance and operating expenses	697		682		751
Total benefits and expenses	3,908		2,244		1,379
Pretax income (loss)	384		1,511		2,038
Income tax provision (benefit)	(10)		209		316
Net income	$	394	$	1,302	$	1,722

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 3 for more information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)		2021 (1)
	(in millions)
Net income	$	394	$	1,302	$	1,722
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	509		(2,035)		(848)
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions on certain long-duration contracts	(54)		861		284
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk on market risk benefits	(65)		407		100
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	390		(767)		(464)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	784	$	535	$	1,258

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 3 for more information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Statements of Shareholder’s Equity

	Common Shares		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings (Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
	(in millions)
Balances at January 1, 2021	$	3	$	2,466	$	(76)	$	1,184	$	3,577
Cumulative effect of adoption of long-duration contracts guidance	—		—		(860)		(1,037)		(1,897)
Net income	—		—		1,722		—		1,722
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(464)		(464)
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	—		—		(1,900)		—		(1,900)
Balances at December 31, 2021 (1)	3		2,466		(1,114)		(317)		1,038
Net income	—		—		1,302		—		1,302
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(767)		(767)
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	—		—		(600)		—		(600)
Balances at December 31, 2022 (1)	3		2,466		(412)		(1,084)		973
Net income	—		—		394		—		394
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		390		390
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	—		—		(600)		—		(600)
Balances at December 31, 2023	$	3	$	2,466	$	(618)	$	(694)	$	1,157

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 3 for more information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)		2021 (1)
	(in millions)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	394	$	1,302	$	1,722
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net	(205)		(201)		(98)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	100		154		138
Contractholder and policyholder charges, non-cash	(403)		(395)		(390)
Loss from equity method investments	26		48		72
Net realized investment (gains) losses	46		(3)		(611)
Impairments and provision for loan losses	(20)		91		(3)
Net losses (gains) of consolidated investment entities	23		17		(20)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs	63		62		(9)
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims, and market risk benefits, net	3,474		1,013		1,482
Derivatives, net of collateral	(666)		311		(575)
Reinsurance recoverables	100		84		(19)
Receivables	333		279		114
Accrued investment income	(31)		(21)		10
Current income tax, net	(323)		72		(321)
Other operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities	(5)		2		20
Other, net	134		136		66
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	3,040		2,951		1,578
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Available-for-Sale securities:
Proceeds from sales	617		1,309		555
Maturities, sinking fund payments and calls	963		1,563		2,804
Purchases	(4,187)		(5,600)		(3,677)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of mortgage loans	118		141		272
Funding of mortgage loans	(74)		(124)		(215)
Proceeds from sales and collections of other investments	29		24		93
Purchase of other investments	(15)		(46)		(32)
Purchase of investments by consolidated investment entities	(427)		(961)		(1,603)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of investments by consolidated investment entities	643		615		1,047
Purchase of equipment and software	(10)		(13)		(13)
Change in policy loans, net	(65)		(13)		12
Cash paid for deposit receivable	(39)		(45)		(377)
Cash received for deposit receivable	774		550		254
Advance on line of credit to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	(850)		(1,034)		(1)
Repayment from Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on line of credit	850		1,034		1
Cash paid for written options with deferred premiums	(59)		(619)		(552)
Cash received from written options with deferred premiums	43		204		106
Other, net	25		21		(39)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(1,664)	$	(2,994)	$	(1,365)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

38

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)		2021 (1)
	(in millions)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Policyholder account balances:
Deposits and other additions	$	1,476	$	1,169	$	1,553
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts	(132)		(162)		(273)
Surrenders and other benefits	(2,102)		(1,459)		(1,365)
Proceeds from line of credit with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	—		—		6
Payments on line of credit with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	—		—		(6)
Cash paid for purchased options with deferred premiums	(53)		(197)		(156)
Cash received for purchased options with deferred premiums	251		378		1,350
Borrowings by consolidated investment entities	—		341		1,756
Repayments of debt by consolidated investment entities	(275)		(4)		(1,142)
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.	(600)		(600)		(1,900)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(1,435)		(534)		(177)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(59)		(577)		36
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,744		3,321		3,285
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,685	$	2,744	$	3,321
Supplemental Disclosures:
Income taxes paid (received), net	$	215	$	(17)	$	496
Interest paid excluding consolidated investment entities	28		3		—
Interest paid by consolidated investment entities	177		75		90
Non-cash investing activity:
Exchange of an investment that resulted in a realized gain and an increase to amortized cost	—		—		17
Investments transferred in connection with reinsurance transaction	—		—		7,513

(1) Certain prior period amounts have been restated. See Note 3 for more information.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

39

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a stock life insurance company with one wholly owned stock life insurance company subsidiary, RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York (“RiverSource Life of NY”). RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”).

•RiverSource Life Insurance Company is domiciled in Minnesota and holds Certificates of Authority in American Samoa, the District of Columbia and all states except New York. RiverSource Life Insurance Company issues insurance and annuity products.

•RiverSource Life of NY is domiciled and holds a Certificate of Authority in New York. RiverSource Life of NY issues insurance and annuity products.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company also wholly owns RiverSource Tax Advantaged Investments, Inc. (“RTA”) and Columbia Cent CLO Advisors, LLC (“Columbia Cent”). RTA is a stock company domiciled in Delaware and is a limited partner in affordable housing partnership investments. Columbia Cent provides asset management services to collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of RiverSource Life Insurance Company and companies in which it directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which it is the primary beneficiary (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) which vary in certain respects from reporting practices prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities as described in Note 16. Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform with the current presentation.

The Company evaluated events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. No subsequent events or transactions requiring recognition or disclosure were identified.

The Company’s principal products are variable annuities, structured variable annuities, universal life (“UL”) insurance, including indexed universal life (“IUL”) and variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance, which are issued primarily to individuals. Waiver of premium and accidental death benefit riders are generally available with UL products, in addition to other benefit riders. Variable annuity contract purchasers can choose to add optional benefit riders to their contracts, such as guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”), guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”) riders.

The Company also offers payout annuities, term life insurance and disability income (“DI”) insurance.

The Company’s business is sold through the advisor network of Ameriprise Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. RiverSource Distributors, Inc., a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of variable annuity and life insurance products issued by the Company.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), Financial Services – Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“ASU 2018-12”), effective January 1, 2023 with a transition date of January 1, 2021. The significant accounting policies for market risk benefits (“MRB”); deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”); deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”); reinsurance; policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims; and unearned revenue liability were added or updated as a result of adopting the new accounting standard. See Note 3 for additional information related to the transition approach and adoption impact.

Principles of Consolidation

A VIE is an entity that either has equity investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest (including substantive voting rights, the obligation to absorb the entity’s losses, or the rights to receive the entity’s returns) or has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities.

Voting interest entities (“VOEs”) are those entities that do not qualify as a VIE. The Company consolidates VOEs in which it holds a greater than 50% voting interest. The Company generally accounts for entities using the equity method when it holds a greater than 20% but less than 50% voting interest or when the Company exercises significant influence over the entity. All other investments that are not reported at fair value as trading or Available-for-Sale securities are accounted for using the measurement alternative method when the Company owns less than a 20% voting interest and does not exercise significant influence. Under the measurement alternative, the investment is recorded at the cost basis, less impairments, if any, plus or minus observable price changes of identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

A VIE is consolidated by the reporting entity that determines it has both:

•the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and

•the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses or the right to receive potentially significant benefits to the VIE.

40

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

All VIEs are assessed for consolidation under this framework. When evaluating entities for consolidation, the Company considers its contractual rights in determining whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. In determining whether the Company has this power, it considers whether it is acting in a role that enables it to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of an entity or if it is acting in an agent role.

In determining whether the Company has the obligation to absorb potential significant losses of the VIE or the right to receive potential significant benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Company considers an analysis of its rights to receive benefits such as investment returns and its obligation to absorb losses associated with any investment in the VIE in conjunction with other qualitative factors. Management and incentive fees that are at market and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other interests in the VIE that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected residual returns, are not considered a variable interest and are excluded from the analysis.

The consolidation guidance has a scope exception for reporting entities with interests in registered money market funds which do not have an explicit support agreement.

Amounts Based on Estimates and Assumptions

Accounting estimates are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. In part, they are based upon assumptions concerning future events. Among the more significant are those that relate to investment securities valuation and the recognition of credit losses or impairments, valuation of derivative instruments, litigation reserves, future policy benefits, market risk benefits, and income taxes and the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management and actual results could differ.

Investments

Available-for-Sale Securities

Available-for-Sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of impacts to benefit reserves, reinsurance recoverables and income taxes. Gains and losses are recognized on a trade date basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income upon disposition of the securities.

Available-for-Sale securities are impaired when the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost. When an Available-for-Sale security is impaired, the Company first assesses whether or not: (i) it has the intent to sell the security (i.e., made a decision to sell) or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions exist, the Company recognizes an impairment by reducing the book value of the security for the difference between the investment’s amortized cost and its fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings. Subsequent increases in the fair value of Available-for-Sale securities that occur in periods after a write-down has occurred are recorded as unrealized gains in other comprehensive income (“OCI”), while subsequent decreases in fair value would continue to be recorded as reductions of book value with a charge to earnings.

For securities that do not meet the above criteria, the Company determines whether the decrease in fair value is due to a credit loss or due to other factors. The amount of impairment due to credit-related factors, if any, is recognized as an allowance for credit losses with a related charge to net realized investment gains (losses). The allowance for credit losses is limited to the amount by which the security’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. The amount of the impairment related to other factors is recognized in OCI.

Factors the Company considers in determining whether declines in the fair value of fixed maturity securities are due to credit-related factors include: (i) the extent to which the market value is below amortized cost; (ii) fundamental analysis of the liquidity, business prospects and overall financial condition of the issuer; and (iii) market events that could impact credit ratings, economic and business climate, litigation and government actions, and similar external business factors.

If through subsequent evaluation there is a sustained increase in cash flows expected, both the allowance and related charge to earnings may be reversed to reflect the increase in expected principal and interest payments.

In order to determine the amount of the credit loss component for corporate debt securities, a best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the security’s effective interest rate is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. The significant inputs to cash flow projections consider potential debt restructuring terms, projected cash flows available to pay creditors and the Company’s position in the debtor’s overall capital structure. When assessing potential credit-related impairments for structured investments (e.g., residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities), the Company also considers credit-related factors such as overall deal structure and its position within the structure, quality of underlying collateral, delinquencies and defaults, loss severities, recoveries, prepayments and cumulative loss projections.

Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for Available-for-Sale securities. Accrued interest on Available-for-Sale securities is recorded as earned in Accrued investment income. Available-for-Sale securities are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the accrued balance becomes 90 days past due or earlier based on management’s evaluation of the facts and circumstances of each security under review. All previously accrued interest is reversed through Net investment income.

41

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Other Investments

Other investments primarily reflect the Company’s interests in affordable housing partnerships and syndicated loans. Affordable housing partnerships are accounted for under the equity method.

Financing Receivables

Financing receivables are comprised of commercial loans, policy loans, and deposit receivables.

Commercial Loans

Commercial loans include commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans and are recorded at amortized cost less the allowance for credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans are recorded within Mortgage loans and syndicated loans are recorded within Other investments. Commercial mortgage loans are loans on commercial properties that are originated by the Company. Syndicated loans represent the Company’s investment in loan syndications originated by unrelated third parties.

Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded in Net investment income.

Policy Loans

Policy loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, there is no allowance for credit losses.

Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on policy loans is recorded in Net investment income.

Deposit Receivables

For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability related to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits made and any related embedded derivatives are included in Receivables. As amounts are received, consistent with the underlying contracts, deposit receivables are adjusted. Deposit receivables are accreted using the interest method and the accretion is reported in Other revenues.

See Note 7 for additional information on financing receivables.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected over the asset’s expected life, considering past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Estimates of expected credit losses consider both historical charge-off and recovery experience as well as current economic conditions and management’s expectation of future charge-off and recovery levels. Expected losses related to risks other than credit risk are excluded from the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is measured and recorded upon initial recognition of the loan, regardless of whether it is originated or purchased. The methods and information used to develop the allowance for credit losses for each class of financing receivable are discussed below.

Commercial Loans

The allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans utilizes a probability of default and loss severity approach to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. Actual historical default and loss severity data for each type of commercial loan is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to develop the probability of default and loss severity assumptions that are applied to the amortized cost basis of the loans over the expected life of each portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded through provisions charged to Net realized investment gains (losses) and is reduced/increased by net charge-offs/recoveries.

Management determines the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses based on the overall loan portfolio composition, recent and historical loss experience, and other pertinent factors, including when applicable, internal risk ratings, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, and occupancy rates, along with reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic and market conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change. While the Company may attribute portions of the allowance to specific loan pools as part of the allowance estimation process, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses expected over the life of the loan portfolio.

Deposit Receivables

The allowance for credit losses is calculated on an individual reinsurer basis. Deposit receivables are collateralized by underlying trust arrangements. Management evaluates the terms of the reinsurance and trust agreements, the nature of the underlying assets, and the potential for changes in the collateral value when considering the need for an allowance for credit losses.

42

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Nonaccrual Loans

Commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans are placed on nonaccrual status when either the collection of interest or principal has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest payments received on loans on nonaccrual status are generally applied to principal unless the remaining principal balance has been determined to be fully collectible. Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans.

Loan Modifications

A loan is modified when the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms such as principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, and/or term extensions in an attempt to make the loan more affordable to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Generally, performance prior to the modification or significant events that coincide with the modification are considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms which may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of the modification or after a performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan remains on nonaccrual status.

Charge-off and Foreclosure

Charge-offs are recorded when the Company concludes that all or a portion of the commercial mortgage loan or syndicated loan is uncollectible. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on commercial mortgage loans will be collected, include but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, performance of the underlying properties, collateral and/or guarantees on the loan, and the borrower’s estimated future ability to pay based on property type and geographic location. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on syndicated loans will be collected, include but are not limited to the borrower’s financial condition, industry outlook, and internal risk ratings based on rating agency data and internal analyst expectations.

If it is determined that foreclosure on a commercial mortgage loan is probable and the fair value is less than the current loan balance, expected credit losses are measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the asset and fair value less estimated costs to sell, if applicable. Upon foreclosure, the commercial mortgage loan and related allowance are reversed, and the foreclosed property is recorded as real estate owned within Other assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less.

Reinsurance

The Company cedes insurance risk to other insurers under reinsurance agreements.

Reinsurance premiums paid and benefits received are accounted for consistently with the basis used in accounting for the policies from which risk is reinsured and consistently with the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance premiums paid for traditional life, long term care (“LTC”) and DI insurance and life contingent payout annuities, net of the change in any prepaid reinsurance asset, are reported as a reduction of Premiums. Reinsurance recoveries are reported as components of Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

UL and VUL reinsurance premiums are reported as a reduction of Policy and contract charges. In addition, for UL and VUL insurance policies, the net cost of reinsurance ceded, which represents the discounted amount of the expected cash flows between the reinsurer and the Company, is classified as an asset and amortized based on estimated gross profits (“EGPs”) over the period the reinsurance policies are in-force. Changes in the net cost of reinsurance are reflected as a component of Policy and contract charges.

Insurance liabilities are reported before the effects of reinsurance. Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims recoverable under reinsurance contracts are recorded within Reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers prior to entering into new reinsurance contracts and on a periodic basis during the contract term. The allowance for credit losses related to reinsurance recoverable is based on applying observable industry data including insurer ratings, default and loss severity data to the Company’s reinsurance recoverable balances. Management evaluates the results of the calculation and considers differences between the industry data and the Company’s data. Such differences include that the Company has no actual history of significant losses and that industry data may contain non-life insurers. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change given the long-term nature of these receivables. In addition, the Company has a reinsurance protection agreement that provides credit protections for its reinsured LTC business. The allowance for credit losses on reinsurance recoverable is recorded through provisions charged to Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

The Company also assumes life insurance and fixed annuity risk from other insurers in limited circumstances. Reinsurance premiums received and benefits paid are accounted for consistently with the basis used in accounting for the policies from which risk is reinsured and consistently with the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Liabilities for assumed business are recorded within Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.

43

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

See Note 9 for additional information on reinsurance.

Land, Buildings, Equipment and Software

Land, buildings, equipment and internally developed software are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization and are reflected within Other assets. The Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation and amortization over periods ranging from three to 39 years.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, land, buildings, equipment and software were $117 million and $123 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $244 million and $229 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $15 million, $13 million and $14 million, respectively.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Freestanding derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and are reflected in Other assets or Other liabilities. The Company’s policy is to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives and collateral arrangements executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on its intended use and the resulting hedge designation, if any. The Company primarily uses derivatives as economic hedges that are not designated as accounting hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The Company occasionally designates derivatives as (i) hedges of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities, or firm commitments (“fair value hedges”) or (ii) hedges of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedges”).

Derivative instruments that are entered into for hedging purposes are designated as such at the time the Company enters into the contract. For all derivative instruments that are designated for hedging activities, the Company documents all of the hedging relationships between the hedge instruments and the hedged items at the inception of the relationships. Management also documents its risk management objectives and strategies for entering into the hedge transactions. The Company assesses, at inception and on a quarterly basis, whether derivatives designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting the fair value or cash flows of hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is no longer highly effective as a hedge, the Company will discontinue the application of hedge accounting.

For derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting or are not designated as accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in current period earnings. Changes in fair value of derivatives are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income based on the nature and use of the instrument. Changes in fair value of derivatives used as economic hedges are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income with the corresponding change in the hedged asset or liability.

For derivative instruments that qualify as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives, as well as changes in the fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments, are recognized on a net basis in current period earnings. The carrying value of the hedged item is adjusted for the change in fair value from the designated hedged risk. If a fair value hedge designation is removed or the hedge is terminated prior to maturity, previous adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item are recognized into earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is reported in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged item or transaction impacts earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income with the hedged instrument or transaction impact. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in current period earnings as a component of Net investment income. If a hedge designation is removed or a hedge is terminated prior to maturity, the amount previously recorded in AOCI is reclassified to earnings over the period that the hedged item impacts earnings. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because the forecasted transaction is not expected to occur according to the original strategy, any related amounts previously recorded in AOCI are recognized in earnings immediately.

The equity component of indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL obligations are considered embedded derivatives. Additionally, certain annuities contain GMAB and GMWB provisions. These GMAB and GMWB provisions are accounted for as market risk benefits under ASU 2018-12.

See Note 14 for information regarding the Company’s fair value measurement of derivative instruments and Note 18 for the impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Market Risk Benefits

Market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include certain contract features on variable annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to contractholders. Guarantees accounted for as market risk benefits include GMDB, guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”), GMWB and GMAB. If a contract contains multiple market risk benefits, those market risk benefits are bundled together as a single compound market risk benefit.

Market risk benefits are measured at fair value, at the individual contract level, using a non-option-based valuation approach or an option-based valuation approach dependent upon the fee structure of the contract. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income

44

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

each period with the exception of the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in OCI.

Deferred Acquisition Costs

The Company incurs costs in connection with acquiring new and renewal insurance and annuity businesses. The portion of these costs which are incremental and direct to the acquisition of a new or renewal insurance policy or annuity contract are deferred. Significant costs capitalized include sales based compensation related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance policies and annuity contracts, medical inspection costs for successful sales, and a portion of employee compensation and benefit costs based upon the amount of time spent on successful sales. Sales based compensation paid to Ameriprise Financial’s advisors and employees and third-party distributors is capitalized. Employee compensation and benefits costs which are capitalized relate primarily to sales efforts, underwriting and processing. All other costs which are not incremental direct costs of acquiring an insurance policy or annuity contract are expensed as incurred. The DAC associated with insurance policies or annuity contracts that are significantly modified or internally replaced with another contract are accounted for as write-offs. These transactions are anticipated in establishing amortization periods and other valuation assumptions.

The Company monitors other DAC amortization assumptions, such as persistency, mortality, morbidity, and variable annuity benefit utilization each quarter and, when assessed independently, each could impact the Company’s DAC balances. Unamortized DAC is reduced for actual experience in excess of expected experience.

The analysis of DAC balances and the corresponding amortization considers all relevant factors and assumptions described previously. Unless the Company’s management identifies a significant deviation over the course of the quarterly monitoring, management reviews and updates these DAC amortization assumptions annually in the third quarter of each year.

DAC is amortized on a constant-level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected contract term to approximate straight-line amortization. Contracts are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability for future policy benefits. DAC related to all long-duration product types (except for life contingent payout annuities) is grouped on a calendar-year annual basis for each legal entity. Further disaggregation is reported for any contracts that include an additional liability for death or other insurance benefit. DAC related to life contingent payout annuities is grouped on a calendar-year annual basis for each legal entity for policies issued prior to 2021 and on a quarterly basis for each legal entity thereafter.

DAC related to annuity products (including variable deferred annuities, structured variable annuities, fixed deferred annuities, and life contingent payout annuities) is amortized based on initial premium. DAC related to life insurance products (including UL insurance, VUL insurance, IUL insurance, term life insurance, and whole life insurance) is amortized based on original specified amount (i.e., face amount). DAC related to DI insurance is amortized based on original monthly benefit.

The accounting contract term for annuity products (except for life contingent payout annuities) is the projected accumulation period. Life contingent payout annuities are amortized over the period which annuity payments are expected to be paid. The accounting contract term for life insurance products is the projected life of the contract. DI insurance is amortized over the projected life of the contract, including the claim paying period.

Deferred Sales Inducement Costs

Deferred sales inducements are contract features that are intended to attract new customers or to persuade existing customers to keep their current policy. Sales inducement costs consist of bonus interest credits and premium credits added to certain annuity contract and insurance policy values. These benefits are capitalized to the extent they are incremental to amounts that would be credited on similar contracts without the applicable feature. The amounts capitalized are amortized on a constant level basis using the same methodology and assumptions used to amortize DAC on a constant level basis. DSIC is recorded in Other assets and amortization of DSIC is recorded in Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

Separate Account Assets and Liabilities

Separate account assets represent funds held for the benefit of and Separate account liabilities represent the obligation to the variable annuity contractholders and variable life insurance policyholders who have a contractual right to receive the benefits of their contract or policy and bear the related investment risk. Gains and losses on separate account assets accrue directly to the contractholder or policyholder and are not reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Separate account assets are recorded at fair value and Separate account liabilities are equal to the assets recognized.

Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims

The Company establishes reserves to cover the benefits associated with non-traditional and traditional long-duration products. Non-traditional long-duration products include variable and structured variable annuity contracts, fixed annuity contracts and UL and VUL policies. Traditional long-duration products include term life, whole life, DI and LTC insurance.

Non-Traditional Long-Duration Products

The liabilities for non-traditional long-duration products include fixed account values on variable and fixed annuities and UL and VUL policies, non-life contingent payout annuities, liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with variable annuities (including

45

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

structured variable annuities), and embedded derivatives for structured variable annuities, indexed annuities, and IUL products.

Liabilities for fixed account values on variable annuities, structured variable annuities, fixed deferred annuities, and UL and VUL policies are equal to accumulation values, which are the cumulative gross deposits and credited interest less withdrawals and various charges. The liability for non-life contingent payout annuities is recognized as the present value of future payments using the effective yield at inception of the contract.

A portion of the Company’s UL and VUL policies have product features that result in profits followed by losses from the insurance component of the contract. These profits followed by losses can be generated by the cost structure of the product or secondary guarantees in the contract. The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. The liability for these future losses is determined at the reporting date by estimating the death benefits in excess of account value and recognizing the excess over the estimated life based on expected assessments (e.g. cost of insurance charges, contractual administrative charges, similar fees and investment margin). See Note 10 for information regarding the liability for contracts with secondary guarantees. Liabilities for fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products are equal to the accumulation of host contract values, guaranteed benefits, and the fair value of embedded derivatives.

See Note 12 for information regarding variable annuity guarantees.

Embedded Derivatives

The fair value of embedded derivatives related to structured variable annuities, indexed annuities and IUL fluctuate based on equity markets and interest rates and the estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk and is recorded in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims. See Note 14 for information regarding the fair value measurement of embedded derivatives.

Traditional Long-Duration Products

The liabilities for traditional long-duration products include cash flows related to unpaid amounts on reported claims, estimates of benefits payable on claims incurred but not yet reported and estimates of benefits that will become payable on term life, whole life, DI, LTC, and life contingent payout annuity policies as claims are incurred in the future. The claim liability (also referred to as disabled life reserve) is presented together as one liability for future policy benefits.

A liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. Expected insurance benefits are accrued over the life of the contract in proportion to premium revenue recognized (referred to as the net premium approach). The net premium ratio reflects cash flows from contract inception to contract termination (i.e., through the claim paying period) and cannot exceed 100%.

Assumptions utilized in the net premium approach, including mortality, morbidity, and terminations, are reviewed as part of experience studies at least annually or more frequently if suggested by evidence. Expense assumptions and actual expenses are updated within the net premium calculation consistent with other policyholder assumptions.

The updated cash flows used in the calculation are discounted using a forward rate curve. The discount rate represents an upper-medium-grade (i.e., low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield (i.e., an A rating) that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability. Discount rates are locked in annually, at the end of each year for all products, except life contingent payout annuities, and calculated as the monthly average discount rate curves for the year. For life contingent payout annuities, the discount rates are locked in quarterly at the end of each quarter based on the average of the three months for the quarter. 

The liability for future policy benefits will be updated for actual experience at least on an annual basis and concurrent with changes to cash flow assumptions. When net premiums are updated for cash flow changes, the estimated cash flows over the entire life of a group of contracts are updated using historical experience and updated future cash flow assumptions.

The revised net premiums are used to calculate an updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the reporting period, discounted at the original locked in rate (i.e., contract issuance rate). The updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the reporting period is then compared with the carrying amount of the liability as of that date prior to updating cash flow assumptions to determine the current period remeasurement gain or loss reflected in current period earnings. The revised net premiums are then applied as of the beginning of the quarter to calculate the benefit expense for the current reporting period.

The difference between the updated carrying amount of the liability for future policy benefits measured using the current discount rate assumption and the original discount rate assumption is recognized in OCI. The interest accretion rate remains the original discount rate used at contract issue date.

If the updating of cash flow assumptions results in the present value of future benefits and expenses exceeding the present value of future gross premiums, a charge to net income is recorded for the current reporting period such that net premiums are set equal to gross premiums. In subsequent periods, the liability for future policy benefits is accrued with net premiums set equal to gross premiums.

46

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Contracts (except for life contingent payout annuities sold subsequent to December 31, 2020) are grouped into cohorts by contract type and issue year, as well as by legal entity and reportable segment. Life contingent payout annuities sold in periods beginning in 2021 are grouped into quarterly cohorts.

See Note 10 for information regarding the liabilities for traditional long-duration products.

Deferred Profit Liability

For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policy benefits, including discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses.

The DPL is amortized and recognized as premium revenue in proportion to expected future benefit payments from annuity contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The Company reviews and updates its estimate of cash flows from the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policy benefits. When cash flows are updated, the updated estimates are used to recalculate the DPL at contract issuance. The recalculated DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period is compared to the carrying amount of the DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and any difference is recognized as either a charge or credit to premium revenue.

DPL is recorded in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims and included as a reconciling item within Note 10.

Unearned Revenue Liability

The Company’s UL and VUL policies require payment of fees or other policyholder assessments in advance for services to be provided in future periods. These charges are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized consistent with DAC amortization factors. The unearned revenue liability is recorded in Other liabilities and the amortization is recorded in Policy and contract charges.

Income Taxes

The Company qualifies as a life insurance company for federal income tax purposes. As such, the Company is subject to the Internal Revenue Code provisions applicable to life insurance companies.

The Company’s taxable income is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Ameriprise Financial. The Company provides for income taxes on a separate return basis, except that, under an agreement between Ameriprise Financial and the Company, tax benefits are recognized for losses to the extent they can be used in the consolidated return. It is the policy of Ameriprise Financial that it will reimburse its subsidiaries for any tax benefits recorded. The controlled group for which the Company is a member is an applicable corporation with regard to the corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) and is therefore required to compute the CAMT. In accordance with the tax sharing agreement, Ameriprise Financial will be liable for any CAMT liability and expense.

The Company’s provision for income taxes represents the net amount of income taxes that the Company expects to pay or to receive from various taxing jurisdictions in connection with its operations. The Company provides for income taxes based on amounts that the Company believes it will ultimately owe taking into account the recognition and measurement for uncertain tax positions. Inherent in the provision for income taxes are estimates and judgments regarding the tax treatment of certain items.

In connection with the provision for income taxes, the Consolidated Financial Statements reflect certain amounts related to deferred tax assets and liabilities, which result from temporary differences between the assets and liabilities measured for financial statement purposes versus the assets and liabilities measured for tax return purposes.

The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of its deferred tax assets that management believes will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining if a valuation allowance should be established and the amount of such allowance if required. Factors used in making this determination include estimates relating to the performance of the business. Consideration is given to, among other things in making this determination: (i) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (ii) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; (iii) taxable income in prior carryback years; and (iv) tax planning strategies. Management may need to identify and implement appropriate planning strategies to ensure its ability to realize deferred tax assets and reduce the likelihood of the establishment of a valuation allowance with respect to such assets. See Note 20 for additional information on the Company’s valuation allowance.

Changes in tax rates and tax law are accounted for in the period of enactment. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates and the effect is included in net income.

Revenue Recognition

Premiums on traditional life, DI and LTC insurance products and life contingent payout annuities are net of reinsurance ceded and are recognized as revenue when due.

Interest income is accrued as earned using the effective interest method, which makes an adjustment of the yield for security premiums and discounts on all performing fixed maturity securities classified as Available-for-Sale so that the related security or loan recognizes a constant rate of return on the outstanding balance throughout its term. When actual prepayments differ significantly from originally anticipated prepayments, the retrospective effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and updated future payment

47

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

assumptions and a catch-up adjustment is recorded in the current period. In addition, the new effective yield, which reflects anticipated future payments, is used prospectively.

Mortality and expense risk fees are based on a percentage of the fair value of assets held in the Company’s separate accounts and recognized when assessed. Variable annuity guaranteed benefit rider charges, cost of insurance charges on UL and VUL insurance and contract charges (net of reinsurance premiums and cost of reinsurance for UL insurance products) and surrender charges on annuities and UL and VUL insurance are recognized as revenue when assessed.

Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities, other than equity method investments, are recognized using the specific identification method, on a trade date basis.

Fees received under marketing support and distribution services arrangements are recognized as revenue when earned.

See Note 4 for further discussion of accounting policies on revenue from contracts with customers.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) proposed amendments to ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“Topic 326”). The update removes the recognition and measurement guidance for Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, and modifies the disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Rather than applying the recognition and measurement for TDRs, an entity must apply the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The update also requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost. The amendments are to be applied prospectively, but entities may apply a modified retrospective transition for changes to the recognition and measurement of TDRs. For entities that have adopted Topic 326, the amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations and modifications to disclosures are immaterial in the current period.

Financial Services – Insurance – Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB updated the accounting standard related to long-duration insurance contracts (ASU 2018-12). The guidance changes elements of the measurement models and disclosure requirements for an insurer’s long-duration insurance contract benefits and acquisition costs by expanding the use of fair value accounting to certain contract benefits, requiring updates, if any, and at least annually, to assumptions used to measure liabilities for future policy benefits, changing the amortization pattern of deferred acquisition costs to a constant-level basis and removing certain shadow adjustments previously recorded in AOCI. Adoption of the accounting standard did not impact overall cash flows, insurance subsidiaries’ dividend capacity, or regulatory capital requirements.

When the Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2023 with a transition date of January 1, 2021 (the “transition date”), opening equity was adjusted for the adoption impacts to retained earnings and AOCI and prior periods presented (i.e. 2021 and 2022) were restated. The adoption impact as of January 1, 2021 was a reduction in total equity of $1.9 billion, of which $0.9 billion and $1.0 billion were reflected in retained earnings and AOCI, respectively.

48

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents the effects of the adoption of the above new accounting standard to the Company’s previously reported Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	As Filed December 31, 2022		Adjustment		Post-adoption December 31, 2022		As Filed December 31, 2021		Adjustment		Post-adoption December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Assets
Market risk benefits	$	—	$	1,015	$	1,015	$	—	$	539	$	539
Reinsurance recoverables (allowance for credit losses: 2022, $23; 2021, $11)	4,412		(184)		4,228		4,529		927		5,456
Deferred acquisition costs	3,141		(382)		2,759		2,757		64		2,821
Other assets	4,791		(65)		4,726		7,015		296		7,311
Total assets	$	115,019	$	384	$	115,403	$	139,427	$	1,826	$	141,253
Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity
Liabilities:
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	$	36,057	$	(1,935)	$	34,122	$	35,744	$	(727)	$	35,017
Market risk benefits	—		2,118		2,118		—		3,440		3,440
Other liabilities	4,120		11		4,131		6,303		216		6,519
Total liabilities	114,236		194		114,430		137,286		2,929		140,215
Shareholder’s equity:
Accumulated deficit	(799)		387		(412)		(912)		(202)		(1,114)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(887)		(197)		(1,084)		584		(901)		(317)
Total shareholder’s equity	783		190		973		2,141		(1,103)		1,038
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity	$	115,019	$	384	$	115,403	$	139,427	$	1,826	$	141,253

The following table presents the effects of the adoption of the above new accounting standard to the Company’s previously reported Consolidated Statements of Income:

	Years Ended December 31,
	As Filed 2022		Adjustment		Post-adoption 2022		As Filed 2021		Adjustment		Post-adoption 2021
	(in millions)
Revenues
Policy and contract charges	$	2,091	$	(13)	$	2,078	$	2,304	$	(54)	$	2,250
Total revenues	3,768		(13)		3,755		3,471		(54)		3,417
Benefits and expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses	1,366		(1,130)		236		715		(872)		(157)
Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves	—		1		1		—		(52)		(52)
Change in fair value of market risk benefits	—		311		311		—		(113)		(113)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	196		45		241		112		133		245
Other insurance and operating expenses	670		12		682		738		13		751
Total benefits and expenses	3,005		(761)		2,244		2,270		(891)		1,379
Pretax income (loss)	763		748		1,511		1,201		837		2,038
Income tax provision (benefit)	50		159		209		137		179		316
Net income (loss)	$	713	$	589	$	1,302	$	1,064	$	658	$	1,722

The adoption of the standard did not affect the previously reported totals for net cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing, or financing activities.

49

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Leases – Common Control Arrangements

In March 2023, the FASB proposed amendments to ASU 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). The update applicable to all entities requires leasehold improvements associated with common control leases to be amortized over the useful life of the leasehold improvements to the common control group as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease and to be accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. The amendments are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. The Company early adopted the update during the second quarter of 2023 and will apply the amendments prospectively as of the beginning of 2023 to all new and existing leasehold improvements recognized on or after that date with any remaining unamortized balance of existing leasehold improvements amortized over their remaining useful life to the common control group determined at that date. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, updating reportable segment disclosure requirements in accordance with Topic 280, Segment Reporting (“Topic 280”), primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss and contain other disclosure requirements. The amendments also expand Topic 280 disclosures to public entities with one reportable segment. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing changes to the segment related disclosures resulting from the standard. The adoption of the standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations as the standard is disclosure-related only.

Income Taxes – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, updating the accounting standards related to income tax disclosures, primarily focused on the disaggregation of income taxes paid and the rate reconciliation table. The standard is to be applied prospectively with an option for retrospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing changes to the income tax related disclosures resulting from the standard. The adoption of the standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations as the standard is disclosure-related only.

50

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers and a reconciliation to total revenues reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Policy and contract charges
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc.)	$	152	$	164	$	193
Unaffiliated	14		14		17
Total	166		178		210
Other revenues
Administrative fees
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Services, Corp.)	39		42		49
Unaffiliated	17		18		20
	56		60		69
Other fees
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”) and Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC)	307		334		389
Unaffiliated	4		4		5
	311		338		394
Total	367		398		463
Total revenue from contracts with customers	533		576		673
Revenue from other sources (1)	3,759		3,179		2,744
Total revenues	$	4,292	$	3,755	$	3,417

(1) Amounts primarily consist of revenue associated with insurance and annuity products and investment income from financial instruments.

The following discussion describes the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from the Company’s contracts with customers.

Policy and Contract Charges

The Company earns revenue for providing distribution-related services to affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds that are available as underlying investments in its variable annuity and variable life insurance products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time the mutual fund is distributed. Revenue is recognized over the time the mutual fund is held in the variable product and is generally earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the net asset value of the fund. The revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control, including market volatility and how long the fund(s) remain in the insurance policy or annuity contract. The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

Other Revenues

Administrative Fees

The Company earns revenue for providing customer support, contract servicing and administrative services for affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds that are available as underlying instruments in its variable annuity and variable life insurance products. The transfer agent and administration revenue is earned daily based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

Other Fees

The Company earns revenue for providing affiliated and unaffiliated partners an opportunity to educate the financial advisors of its affiliate, AFS, that sell the Company's products as well as product and marketing personnel to support the offer, sale and servicing of funds within the Company's variable annuity and variable life insurance products. These payments allow the parties to train and support the advisors, explain the features of their products, and distribute marketing and educational materials. The affiliated revenue is earned based on a rate, updated at least annually, which is applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. The unaffiliated revenue is earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

51

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Receivables

Receivables for revenue from contracts with customers are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and the Company has an unconditional right to the revenue. Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers were $49 million and $48 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

5.  Variable Interest Entities

The Company provides asset management services to CLOs which are considered to be VIEs that are sponsored by the Company. In addition, the Company invests in structured investments other than CLOs and certain affordable housing partnerships which are considered VIEs. The Company consolidates the CLOs if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company has no obligation to provide financial or other support to the non-consolidated VIEs beyond its initial investment and existing future funding commitments, and the Company has not provided any additional support to these entities. The Company has unfunded commitments related to consolidated CLOs of $24 million and $30 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

See Note 2 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting policy on consolidation.

Structured Investments

The Company invests in structured investments which are considered VIEs for which it is not the sponsor. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income instruments and are managed by third parties and include asset backed securities and commercial and residential mortgage backed securities. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these structures due to the size of the Company’s investment in the entities and position in the capital structure of these entities.

Additionally, the Company invests in CLOs for which it is the sponsor. CLOs are asset backed financing entities collateralized by a pool of assets, primarily syndicated loans and, to a lesser extent, high-yield bonds. Multiple tranches of debt securities are issued by a CLO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. The debt securities issued by the CLOs are non-recourse to the Company. The CLO’s debt holders have recourse only to the assets of the CLO. The assets of the CLOs cannot be used by the Company. Scheduled debt payments are based on the performance of the CLO’s collateral pool. The Company earns management fees from the CLOs based on the value of the CLO’s collateral pool and, in certain instances, may also receive incentive fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company has invested in a portion of the unrated, junior subordinated notes and highly rated senior notes of certain CLOs. The Company consolidates certain CLOs where it is the primary beneficiary and has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLO.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to structured investments and non-consolidated CLOs is limited to its amortized cost. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. See Note 6 for additional information on these investments.

Affordable Housing Partnerships and Other Real Estate Partnerships

The Company is a limited partner in affordable housing partnerships that qualify for government-sponsored low income housing tax credit programs and partnerships that invest in multi-family residential properties that were originally developed with an affordable housing component. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these partnerships.

A majority of the limited partnerships are VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in the VIEs is limited to the carrying value. The carrying value is reflected in other investments and was $70 million and $92 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s liability related to original purchase commitments not yet remitted to the VIEs was not material as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company has not provided any additional support and is not contractually obligated to provide additional support to the VIEs beyond the funding commitments.

52

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. See Note 14 for the definition of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Investments:
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	40	$	—	$	40
Common stocks	—		5		—		5
Syndicated loans	—		1,991		63		2,054
Total investments	—		2,036		63		2,099
Receivables	—		28		—		28
Other assets	—		1		—		1
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	2,065	$	63	$	2,128
Liabilities
Debt (1)	$	—	$	2,155	$	—	$	2,155
Other liabilities	—		45		—		45
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	2,200	$	—	$	2,200

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Investments:
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	35	$	—	$	35
Common stocks	—		3		—		3
Syndicated loans	—		2,191		125		2,316
Total investments	—		2,229		125		2,354
Receivables	—		20		—		20
Other assets	—		1		1		2
Total assets at fair value	$	—	$	2,250	$	126	$	2,376
Liabilities
Debt (1)	$	—	$	2,363	$	—	$	2,363
Other liabilities	—		119		—		119
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	2,482	$	—	$	2,482

(1) The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $2.1 billion and $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

53

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Syndicated Loans			Other Assets
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	125		$	1
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	(4)		(1)	—
Purchases	45			—
Sales	(10)			—
Settlements	(16)			—
Transfers into Level 3	122			—
Transfers out of Level 3	(199)			(1)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	63		$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2023	$	(1)	(1)	$	—

	Common Stocks		Syndicated Loans			Other Assets
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	—	$	64		$	3
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—		(11)		(1)	—
Purchases	—		69			—
Sales	—		(4)			—
Settlements	—		(8)			—
Transfers into Level 3	2		218			1
Transfers out of Level 3	(2)		(203)			(3)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—	$	125		$	1
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2022	$	—	$	(10)	(1)	$	—

	Syndicated Loans			Other Assets
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	92		$	2
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	2		(1)	1		(1)
Purchases	106			—
Sales	(38)			—
Settlements	(49)			—
Transfers into Level 3	119			2
Transfers out of Level 3	(150)			(2)
Deconsolidation of consolidated investment entities	(18)			—
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	64		$	3
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2021	$	—		$	1	(1)

(1) Included in Net investment income.

Securities and loans transferred from Level 3 primarily represent assets with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs or priced in active markets. Securities and loans transferred to Level 3 represent assets with fair values that are now based on a single non-binding broker quote.

54

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

All Level 3 measurements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.

Determination of Fair Value

Assets

Investments

The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services using a market approach with observable inputs is classified as Level 2. The fair value of syndicated loans obtained from third-party pricing services with a single non-binding broker quote as the underlying valuation source is classified as Level 3. The underlying inputs used in non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company. See Note 14 for a description of the Company’s determination of the fair value of corporate debt securities, common stocks and other investments.

Receivables

For receivables of the consolidated CLOs, the carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these assets has historically been short-term and the receivables have been collectible. The fair value of these receivables is classified as Level 2.

Liabilities

Debt

The fair value of the CLOs’ assets, typically syndicated bank loans, is more observable than the fair value of the CLOs’ debt tranches for which market activity is limited and less transparent. As a result, the fair value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets and is classified as Level 2.

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consist primarily of securities purchased but not yet settled held by consolidated CLOs. The carrying value approximates fair value as the nature of these liabilities has historically been short-term. The fair value of these liabilities is classified as Level 2. Other liabilities also include accrued interest on CLO debt.

Fair Value Option

The Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLOs. Management believes that the use of the fair value option better matches the changes in fair value of assets and liabilities related to the CLOs.

The following table presents the fair value and unpaid principal balance of loans and debt for which the fair value option has been elected:

	December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Syndicated loans
Unpaid principal balance	$	2,190	$	2,525
Excess unpaid principal over fair value	(136)		(209)
Fair value	$	2,054	$	2,316
Fair value of loans more than 90 days past due	$	—	$	—
Fair value of loans in nonaccrual status	13		23
Difference between fair value and unpaid principal of loans more than 90 days past due, loans in nonaccrual status or both	40		48
Debt
Unpaid principal balance	$	2,362	$	2,636
Excess unpaid principal over fair value	(207)		(273)
Carrying value (1)	$	2,155	$	2,363

(1) The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $2.1 billion and $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Interest income from syndicated loans, bonds and structured investments is recorded based on contractual rates in Net investment income. Gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of investments are recorded in Net investment income and gains and losses on sales of investments are recorded in Net realized investment gains (losses). Interest expense on debt is recorded in Interest and debt expense with gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of debt recorded in Net investment income.

55

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Total net gains (losses) recognized in Net investment income related to the changes in fair value of investments the Company owns in the consolidated CLOs where it has elected the fair value option and collateralized financing entity accounting were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Debt of the consolidated investment entities and the stated interest rates were as follows:

	Carrying Value				Weighted Average Interest Rate
	December 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)
Debt of consolidated CLOs due 2028-2034	$	2,155	$	2,363	6.6	%	5.3	%

The debt of the consolidated CLOs has both fixed and floating interest rates, which range from nil to 14.8%. The interest rates on the debt of CLOs are weighted average rates based on the outstanding principal and contractual interest rates.

6.  Investments

Available-for-Sale securities distributed by type were as follows:

	December 31, 2023
Description of Securities	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fixed maturities:
Corporate debt securities	$	10,828	$	405	$	(497)	$	(1)	$	10,735
Residential mortgage backed securities	3,886		20		(264)		—		3,642
Commercial mortgage backed securities	2,784		6		(193)		—		2,597
State and municipal obligations	717		61		(19)		(1)		758
Asset backed securities	1,545		7		(21)		—		1,531
Foreign government bonds and obligations	12		—		—		—		12
U.S. government and agency obligations	99		—		—		—		99
Total	$	19,871	$	499	$	(994)	$	(2)	$	19,374

	December 31, 2022
Description of Securities	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Fixed maturities:
Corporate debt securities	$	9,349	$	180	$	(803)	$	(20)	$	8,706
Residential mortgage backed securities	3,254		8		(303)		—		2,959
Commercial mortgage backed securities	2,904		2		(255)		—		2,651
State and municipal obligations	761		53		(26)		(2)		786
Asset backed securities	1,025		10		(38)		—		997
Foreign government bonds and obligations	37		—		(2)		—		35
U.S. government and agency obligations	1		—		—		—		1
Total	$	17,331	$	253	$	(1,427)	$	(22)	$	16,135

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued interest of $168 million and $139 million, respectively, is excluded from the amortized cost basis of Available-for-Sale securities in the tables above and is recorded in Accrued investment income.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, fixed maturity securities comprised approximately 87% and 85%, respectively, of the Company’s total investments. Rating agency designations are based on the availability of ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”), including Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”). The Company uses the median of available ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, or if fewer than three ratings are available, the lower rating is used. When ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch are unavailable, the Company may utilize ratings from other NRSROs or rate the securities internally. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $265 million and $257 million, respectively, of securities were internally rated by CMIA, an affiliate of the Company, using criteria similar to those used by NRSROs.

56

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

A summary of fixed maturity securities by rating was as follows:

	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Ratings	Amortized Cost		Fair  Value		Percent of Total Fair Value		Amortized  Cost		Fair  Value		Percent of Total Fair Value
	(in millions, except percentages)
AAA	$	4,558	$	4,337	22	%	$	6,313	$	5,754	36	%
AA	3,961		3,799		20		1,159		1,188		7
A	2,213		2,279		12		1,572		1,594		10
BBB	8,813		8,633		44		7,646		7,023		43
Below investment grade (1)	326		326		2		641		576		4
Total fixed maturities	$	19,871	$	19,374	100	%	$	17,331	$	16,135	100	%

(1) The amortized cost of below investment grade securities includes interest in non-consolidated CLOs managed by the Company of $1 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The fair value of below investment grade securities includes interest in non-consolidated CLOs managed by the Company of $1 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. These securities are not rated but are included in below investment grade due to their risk characteristics.

As of December 31, 2023, approximately 61% of securities rated AA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. These issuers were downgraded in the third quarter of 2023 from AAA to AA due to the downgrade of the U.S. Government long-term credit rating. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 36% of securities rated AAA were GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC mortgage backed securities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had holdings in Ameriprise Advisor Financing 2, LLC (“AAF 2”), an affiliate of the Company, totaling $554 million that was 48% of the Company’s total shareholder’s equity. Also, the Company had an additional 34 issuers with holdings totaling $5.8 billion that individually were between 10% and 23% of the Company’s total shareholder’s equity as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had holdings in AAF 2 totaling $544 million that was 56% of the Company’s total shareholder’s equity. Also, the Company had an additional 30 issuers with holdings totaling $4.4 billion that individually were between 10% and 22% of the Company’s total shareholder’s equity as of December 31, 2022. There were no other holdings of any other issuer greater than 10% of the Company’s total shareholder’s equity as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following tables summarize the fair value and gross unrealized losses on Available-for-Sale securities, aggregated by major investment type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recorded:

Description of Securities	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities	43	$	410	$	(8)	340	$	4,735	$	(489)	383	$	5,145	$	(497)
Residential mortgage backed securities	30	389		(4)		204	2,114		(260)		234	2,503		(264)
Commercial mortgage backed securities	20	264		(4)		196	2,062		(189)		216	2,326		(193)
State and municipal obligations	5	29		(1)		47	137		(18)		52	166		(19)
Asset backed securities	5	102		—		32	684		(21)		37	786		(21)
Foreign government bonds and obligations	—	—		—		2	6		—		2	6		—
U.S. government and agency obligations	1	—		—		—	—		—		1	—		—
Total	104	$	1,194	$	(17)	821	$	9,738	$	(977)	925	$	10,932	$	(994)

57

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Description of Securities	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in millions, except number of securities)
Corporate debt securities	405	$	5,028	$	(443)	100	$	1,532	$	(360)	505	$	6,560	$	(803)
Residential mortgage backed securities	189	1,643		(117)		52	826		(186)		241	2,469		(303)
Commercial mortgage backed securities	176	1,746		(149)		58	666		(106)		234	2,412		(255)
State and municipal obligations	40	126		(15)		26	59		(11)		66	185		(26)
Asset backed securities	39	808		(28)		4	60		(10)		43	868		(38)
Foreign government bonds and obligations	10	32		(1)		1	1		(1)		11	33		(2)
Total	859	$	9,383	$	(753)	241	$	3,144	$	(674)	1,100	$	12,527	$	(1,427)

As part of the Company’s ongoing monitoring process, management determined that the decrease in gross unrealized losses on its Available-for-Sale securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily attributable to the impact of lower interest rates and tighter credit spreads. The Company did not recognize these unrealized losses in earnings because it was determined that such losses were due to non-credit factors. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and does not believe that it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the total of Available-for-Sale securities with gross unrealized losses were considered investment grade.

The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on Available-for-Sale securities:

	Corporate Debt Securities		State and Municipal Obligations		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	10	$	—	$	10
Additions for which credit losses were not previously recorded	—		1		1
Charge-offs	(10)		—		(10)
Balance at December 31, 2021	—		1		1
Additions for which credit losses were not previously recorded	20		—		20
Additional increases (decreases) on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	—		1		1
Balance at December 31, 2022	20		2		22
Additions for which credit losses were not previously recorded	1		—		1
Reductions for securities sold during the period (realized)	(20)		(1)		(21)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1	$	1	$	2

Net realized gains and losses on Available-for-Sale securities, determined using the specific identification method, recognized in Net realized investment gains (losses) were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Gross realized investment gains	$	11	$	28	$	576
Gross realized investment losses	(57)		(25)		(6)
Credit reversals (losses)	20		(21)		(1)
Other impairments	(1)		(70)		(13)
Total	$	(27)	$	(88)	$	556

58

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Previously recorded allowance for credit losses was reversed during the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to the sale of a corporate debt security in the communications industry. Credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily related to recording an allowance for credit losses on a corporate debt security in the communications industry. Credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily related to recording an allowance for credit losses on certain state and municipal securities. Other impairments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 related to Available-for-Sale securities which the Company intended to sell.

See Note 19 for a rollforward of net unrealized investment gains (losses) included in AOCI.

Available-for-Sale securities by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Due within one year	$	552	$	546
Due after one year through five years	1,845		1,812
Due after five years through 10 years	4,280		4,018
Due after 10 years	4,979		5,228
	11,656		11,604
Residential mortgage backed securities	3,886		3,642
Commercial mortgage backed securities	2,784		2,597
Asset backed securities	1,545		1,531
Total	$	19,871	$	19,374

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. As such, these securities were not included in the maturities distribution.

The following is a summary of Net investment income:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Fixed maturities	$	830	$	615	$	643
Mortgage loans	69		73		102
Other investments	431		159		101
	1,330		847		846
Less: investment expenses	26		20		19
Total	$	1,304	$	827	$	827

Net realized investment gains (losses) are summarized as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Fixed maturities	$	(27)	$	(88)	$	556
Mortgage loans	1		(1)		57
Other investments	(44)		(11)		(18)
Total	$	(70)	$	(100)	$	595

7. Financing Receivables

Financing receivables are comprised of commercial loans, policy loans and deposit receivables. See Note 2 for information regarding the Company’s accounting policies related to financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses.

59

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses:

	Commercial Loans
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	35
Provisions	(23)
Balance at December 31, 2021	12
Provisions	1
Charge-offs	(2)
Balance at December 31, 2022	11
Provisions	(1)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	10

The decrease in the allowance for credit losses provision for commercial loans in 2021 reflected the sale of certain commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans in conjunction with the fixed deferred and payout annuity reinsurance transaction in 2021.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued interest on commercial loans was $15 million and $14 million, respectively, and is recorded in Accrued investment income and excluded from the amortized cost basis of commercial loans.

Purchases and Sales

There were no commercial mortgage loans sold for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold $746 million of commercial mortgage loans.

During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company purchased $1 million, $42 million and $26 million, respectively, of syndicated loans, and sold $1 million, nil and $340 million, respectively, of syndicated loans.

The Company has not acquired any loans with deteriorated credit quality as of the acquisition date.

Credit Quality Information

There were no nonperforming loans as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. All loans were considered to be performing.

Commercial Loans

Commercial Mortgage Loans

The Company reviews the credit worthiness of the borrower and the performance of the underlying properties in order to determine the risk of loss on commercial mortgage loans. Loan-to-value ratio is the primary credit quality indicator included in this review.

Based on this review, the commercial mortgage loans are assigned an internal risk rating, which management updates when credit risk changes. Commercial mortgage loans which management has assigned its highest risk rating were less than 1% of total commercial mortgage loans as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. Loans with the highest risk rating represent distressed loans which the Company has identified as impaired or expects to become delinquent or enter into foreclosure within the next six months. There were no commercial mortgage loans past due as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of commercial mortgage loans by year of origination and loan-to-value ratio:

	December 31, 2023
Loan-to-Value Ratio	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(in millions)
> 100%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	20	$	22
80% - 100%	—		—		—		2		11		49		62
60% - 80%	55		26		6		14		40		102		243
40% - 60%	7		46		129		49		65		343		639
< 40%	7		31		43		37		71		580		769
Total	$	69	$	103	$	178	$	102	$	189	$	1,094	$	1,735

60

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	December 31, 2022
Loan-to-Value Ratio	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(in millions)
> 100%	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	2	$	—	$	39	$	43
80% - 100%	1		9		2		20		7		30		69
60% - 80%	39		85		17		52		9		104		306
40% - 60%	49		84		64		80		55		426		758
< 40%	16		8		27		42		78		432		603
Total	$	105	$	186	$	112	$	196	$	149	$	1,031	$	1,779

Loan-to-value ratio is based on income and expense data provided by borrowers at least annually and long-term capitalization rate assumptions based on property type. For the year ended December 31, 2023, write-offs of commercial mortgage loans were not material.

In addition, the Company reviews the concentrations of credit risk by region and property type. Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by U.S. region were as follows:

	Loans				Percentage
	December 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)
East North Central	$	180	$	192	10	%	11	%
East South Central	47		51		3		3
Middle Atlantic	97		100		6		6
Mountain	130		120		8		7
New England	21		17		1		1
Pacific	595		601		34		34
South Atlantic	452		467		26		26
West North Central	105		115		6		6
West South Central	108		116		6		6
Total	$	1,735	$	1,779	100	%	100	%

Concentrations of credit risk of commercial mortgage loans by property type were as follows:

	Loans				Percentage
	December 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in millions)
Apartments	$	454	$	465	26	%	26	%
Hotel	13		14		1		1
Industrial	293		295		17		17
Mixed use	54		55		3		3
Office	230		243		13		14
Retail	546		576		32		32
Other	145		131		8		7
Total	$	1,735	$	1,779	100	%	100	%

Syndicated Loans

The investment in syndicated loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $57 million and $72 million, respectively. The Company’s syndicated loan portfolio is diversified across industries and issuers. There were no syndicated loans past due as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company assigns an internal risk rating to each syndicated loan in its portfolio ranging from 1 through 5, with 5 reflecting the lowest quality. For the year ended December 31, 2023, write-offs of syndicated loans were not material.

61

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of syndicated loans by origination year and internal risk rating:

	December 31, 2023
Internal Risk Rating	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
	(in millions)
Risk 5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Risk 4	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Risk 3	—		—		7		—		1		1		9
Risk 2	6		1		9		2		6		—		24
Risk 1	6		2		9		1		5		1		24
Total	$	12	$	3	$	25	$	3	$	12	$	2	$	57

	December 31, 2022
Internal Risk Rating	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
	(in millions)
Risk 5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Risk 4	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Risk 3	—		5		—		3		—		2		10
Risk 2	5		13		2		5		—		11		36
Risk 1	3		5		1		3		5		9		26
Total	$	8	$	23	$	3	$	11	$	5	$	22	$	72

Policy Loans

Policy loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, there is no allowance for credit losses.

Deposit Receivables

Deposit receivables were $6.5 billion and $7.4 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Deposit receivables are collateralized by the fair value of the assets held in trusts. Based on management’s evaluation of the collateral value relative to the deposit receivables, the allowance for credit losses for deposit receivables was not material as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Modifications with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Modifications of financing receivables with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the Company were not material during the year ended December 31, 2023.

62

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

8. Deferred Acquisition Costs and Deferred Sales Inducement Costs

The following tables summarize the balances of and changes in DAC, including the January 1, 2021 adoption of ASU 2018-12.

	Variable Annuities		Structured Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Fixed Indexed Annuities		Universal Life Insurance		Variable Universal Life Insurance
	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	1,671	$	22	$	43	$	7	$	100	$	452
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	42		4		18		1		31		53
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	1,713		26		61		8		131		505
Capitalization of acquisition costs	110		71		—		—		3		54
Amortization	(145)		(6)		(8)		(1)		(9)		(47)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	1,678	$	91	$	53	$	7	$	125	$	512
	Indexed Universal Life Insurance		Other Life Insurance		Life Contingent Payout Annuities		Term and Whole Life Insurance		Disability Income Insurance		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	108	$	(3)	$	—	$	19	$	89	2,508
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	149		6		—		—		—		304
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	257		3		—		19		89		2,812
Capitalization of acquisition costs	9		—		1		2		4		254
Amortization	(18)		—		—		(2)		(9)		(245)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	248	$	3	$	1	$	19	$	84	$	2,821

	Variable Annuities		Structured Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Fixed Indexed Annuities		Universal Life Insurance		Variable Universal Life Insurance
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1,678	$	91	$	53	$	7	$	125	$	512
Capitalization of acquisition costs	39		73		—		—		1		55
Amortization	(135)		(15)		(8)		(1)		(8)		(46)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,582	$	149	$	45	$	6	$	118	$	521
	Indexed Universal Life Insurance		Other Life Insurance		Life Contingent Payout Annuities		Term and Whole Life Insurance		Disability Income Insurance		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	248	$	3	$	1	$	19	$	84	$	2,821
Capitalization of acquisition costs	5		—		1		1		4		179
Amortization	(17)		—		—		(2)		(9)		(241)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	236	$	3	$	2	$	18	$	79	$	2,759

63

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Variable Annuities		Structured Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Fixed Indexed Annuities		Universal Life Insurance		Variable Universal Life Insurance
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	1,582	$	149	$	45	$	6	$	118	$	521
Capitalization of acquisition costs	23		83		—		—		—		57
Amortization	(124)		(24)		(10)		(1)		(8)		(44)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,481	$	208	$	35	$	5	$	110	$	534
	Indexed Universal Life Insurance		Other Life Insurance		Life Contingent Payout Annuities		Term and Whole Life Insurance		Disability Income Insurance		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	236	$	3	$	2	$	18	$	79	$	2,759
Capitalization of acquisition costs	4		—		4		1		4		176
Amortization	(17)		(1)		—		(2)		(8)		(239)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	223	$	2	$	6	$	17	$	75	$	2,696

The following tables summarize the balances of and changes in DSIC, including the January 1, 2021 adoption of ASU 2018-12. DSIC are recorded in Other assets.

	Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	173	$	14	$	187
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	8		8		16
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	181		22		203
Capitalization of sales inducement costs	1		—		1
Amortization	(18)		(3)		(21)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	164	$	19	$	183

	Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	164	$	19	$	183
Capitalization of sales inducement costs	1		—		1
Amortization	(16)		(3)		(19)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	149	$	16	$	165

	Variable Annuities		Fixed Annuities		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	149	$	16	$	165
Amortization	(15)		(4)		(19)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	134	$	12	$	146

9. Reinsurance

The Company reinsures a portion of the insurance risks associated with its traditional life, DI and LTC insurance products through reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurance companies. The Company reinsures 100% of its insurance risk associated with its life contingent payout annuity policies in force as of June 30, 2021 through a reinsurance agreement with Global Atlantic Financial Group’s subsidiary Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company. Policies issued on or after July 1, 2021 and policies issued by RiverSource Life of NY are not subject to this reinsurance agreement.

Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its primary obligation to policyholders.

The Company generally reinsures 90% of the death benefit liability for new term life insurance policies beginning in 2001 (RiverSource Life of NY began in 2002) and new individual UL and VUL insurance policies beginning in 2002 (2003 for RiverSource Life of NY). Policies issued prior to these dates are not subject to these same reinsurance levels.

64

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

However, for IUL policies issued after September 1, 2013 and VUL policies issued after January 1, 2014, the Company generally reinsures 50% of the death benefit liability. Similarly, the Company reinsures 50% of the death benefit and morbidity liabilities related to its UL product with LTC benefits.

The maximum amount of life insurance risk the Company will retain is $10 million on a single life and $10 million on any flexible premium survivorship life policy; however, reinsurance agreements are in place such that retaining more than $1.5 million of insurance risk on a single life or a flexible premium survivorship life policy is very unusual. Risk on UL and VUL policies is reinsured on a yearly renewable term basis. Risk on most term life policies starting in 2001 (2002 for RiverSource Life of NY) is reinsured on a coinsurance basis, a type of reinsurance in which the reinsurer participates proportionally in all material risks and premiums associated with a policy.

The Company also has life insurance and fixed annuity risk previously assumed under reinsurance arrangements with unaffiliated insurance companies.

For existing LTC policies, the Company has continued ceding 50% of the risk on a coinsurance basis to subsidiaries of Genworth Financial, Inc. (“Genworth”) and retains the remaining risk. For RiverSource Life of NY, this reinsurance arrangement applies for 1996 and later issues only, which are 89% of the total RiverSource Life of NY in force policies. Under these agreements, the Company has the right, but never the obligation, to recapture some, or all, of the risk ceded to Genworth.

Generally, the Company retains at most $5,000 per month of risk per life on DI policies sold on policy forms introduced in most states starting in 2007 (2010 for RiverSource Life of NY) and reinsures the remainder of the risk on a coinsurance basis with unaffiliated reinsurance companies. The Company retains all risk for new claims on DI contracts sold on other policy forms introduced prior to 2007 (2010 for RiverSource Life of NY). The Company also retains all risk on accidental death benefit claims and substantially all risk associated with waiver of premium provisions.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, traditional life and UL insurance policies in force were $198.8 billion and $198.9 billion, respectively, of which $144.7 billion and $146.2 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were reinsured at the respective year ends.

The effect of reinsurance on premiums for traditional long-duration products was as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Direct premiums	$	674	$	530	$	490
Reinsurance ceded	(226)		(224)		(1,361)
Net premiums	$	448	$	306	$	(871)

Policy and contract charges are presented on the Consolidated Statements of Income net of $180 million, $165 million and $152 million of reinsurance ceded for non-traditional long-duration products for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The amount of claims recovered through reinsurance on all contracts was $438 million, $435 million and $404 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Reinsurance recoverables include approximately $2.8 billion and $2.7 billion related to LTC risk ceded to Genworth as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims include $376 million and $388 million related to previously assumed reinsurance arrangements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

65

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

10. Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims

Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(in millions)
Policyholder account balances
Policyholder account balances	$	27,947	$	24,986
Future policy benefits
Liability for future policy benefits	7,763		7,495
Deferred profit liability	81		62
Additional liabilities for insurance guarantees	1,321		1,186
Other insurance and annuity liabilities	213		177
Total future policy benefits	9,378		8,920
Policy claims and other policyholders’ funds	210		216
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	$	37,535	$	34,122

Variable Annuities

Purchasers of variable annuities can select from a variety of investment options and can elect to allocate a portion to a fixed account. A vast majority of the premiums received for variable annuity contracts are held in separate accounts where the assets are held for the exclusive benefit of those contractholders.

Most of the variable annuity contracts issued by the Company contain a GMDB. The Company previously offered contracts with GMAB, GMWB, and GMIB provisions. See Note 2 and Note 12 for information regarding the Company’s variable annuity guarantees. See Note 14 and Note 18 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments used to hedge risks related to these guarantees.

Structured Variable Annuities

Structured variable annuities provide contractholders the option to allocate a portion of their account value to an indexed account held in a non-insulated separate account with the contractholder’s rate of return, which may be positive or negative, tied to selected indices. The amount allocated by a contractholder to the indexed account creates an embedded derivative which is measured at fair value. The Company hedges the equity and interest rate risk related to the indexed account with freestanding derivative instruments.

Fixed Annuities

Fixed annuities include deferred, payout and fixed deferred indexed annuity contracts. In 2020, the Company discontinued sales of fixed deferred and fixed deferred indexed annuities.

Deferred contracts offer a guaranteed minimum rate of interest and security of the principal invested. Payout contracts guarantee a fixed income payment for life or the term of the contract. Liabilities for fixed annuities in a benefit or payout status are based on future estimated payments using established industry mortality tables and interest rates.

The Company’s fixed index annuity product is a fixed annuity that includes an indexed account. The rate of interest credited above the minimum guarantee for funds allocated to the indexed account is linked to the performance of the specific index for the indexed account (subject to a cap). The amount allocated by a contractholder to the indexed account creates an embedded derivative which is measured at fair value.

See Note 18 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments used to hedge the risk related to indexed accounts.

Insurance Liabilities

UL policies accumulate cash value that increases by a fixed interest rate. Purchasers of VUL can select from a variety of investment options and can elect to allocate a portion of their account balance to a fixed account or a separate account. A vast majority of the premiums received for VUL policies are held in separate accounts where the assets are held for the exclusive benefit of those policyholders.

IUL is a UL policy that includes an indexed account. The rate of credited interest for funds allocated by a contractholder to the indexed account is linked to the performance of the specific index for the indexed account (subject to stated account parameters, which include a cap and floor, or a spread). The policyholder may allocate all or a portion of the policy value to a fixed or any available indexed account. The amount allocated by a contractholder to the indexed account creates an embedded derivative which is measured at at fair value. The Company hedges the interest credited rate including equity and interest rate risk related to the indexed account

66

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

with freestanding derivative instruments. See Note 18 for additional information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments used to hedge the risk related to IUL.

The Company also offers term life insurance as well as DI products. The Company no longer offers standalone LTC products and whole life insurance but has in force policies from prior years.

Insurance liabilities include accumulation values, incurred but not reported claims, obligations for anticipated future claims, unpaid reported claims and claim adjustment expenses.

The balances of and changes in policyholder account balances were as follows:

	Variable Annuities			Structured Variable Annuities			Fixed Annuities			Fixed Indexed Annuities			Non-Life Contingent Payout Annuities
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	4,752		$	6,410		$	6,799		$	312		$	471
Contract deposits	73			3,084			47			—			91
Policy charges	(10)			—			—			—			—
Surrenders and other benefits	(759)			(156)			(1,086)			(10)			(127)
Net transfer from (to) separate account liabilities	(25)			—			—			—			—
Variable account index-linked adjustments	—			1,403			—			—			—
Interest credited	142			1			222			5			9
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	4,173		$	10,742		$	5,982		$	307		$	444
Weighted-average crediting rate	3.3		%	1.8		%	3.6		%	2.0		%	N/A
Cash surrender value (1)	$	4,146		$	10,129		$	5,974		$	278		N/A
	Universal Life Insurance			Variable Universal Life Insurance			Indexed Universal Life Insurance			Other Life Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	1,544		$	1,520		$	2,654		$	524		$	24,986
Contract deposits	123			272			193			1			3,884
Policy charges	(176)			(94)			(121)			—			(401)
Surrenders and other benefits	(69)			(78)			(53)			(44)			(2,382)
Net transfer from (to) separate account liabilities	—			(107)			—			—			(132)
Variable account index-linked adjustments	—			—			—			—			1,403
Interest credited	52			56			82			20			589
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,474		$	1,569		$	2,755		$	501		$	27,947
Weighted-average crediting rate	3.6		%	3.9		%	2.0		%	4.0		%
Net amount at risk	$	8,740		$	57,291		$	14,407		$	141
Cash surrender value (1)	$	1,330		$	1,065		$	2,271		$	326

67

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Variable Annuities			Structured Variable Annuities			Fixed Annuities			Fixed Indexed Annuities			Non-Life Contingent Payout Annuities
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	4,972		$	4,458		$	7,251		$	323		$	527
Contract deposits	146			2,784			55			—			53
Policy charges	(8)			—			—			—			—
Surrenders and other benefits	(450)			(41)			(744)			(17)			(124)
Net transfer from (to) separate account liabilities	(60)			—			—			—			—
Variable account index-linked adjustments	—			(791)			—			—			—
Interest credited	152			—			237			6			15
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	4,752		$	6,410		$	6,799		$	312		$	471
Weighted-average crediting rate	3.2		%	1.1		%	3.5		%	1.9		%	N/A
Cash surrender value (1)	$	4,720		$	5,986		$	6,786		$	277		N/A
	Universal Life Insurance			Variable Universal Life Insurance			Indexed Universal Life Insurance			Other Life Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1,602		$	1,493		$	2,534		$	563		$	23,723
Contract deposits	134			233			218			(3)			3,620
Policy charges	(178)			(91)			(116)			—			(393)
Surrenders and other benefits	(67)			(70)			(50)			(56)			(1,619)
Net transfer from (to) separate account liabilities	—			(102)			—			—			(162)
Variable account index-linked adjustments	—			—			—			—			(791)
Interest credited	53			57			68			20			608
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,544		$	1,520		$	2,654		$	524		$	24,986
Weighted-average crediting rate	3.6		%	3.9		%	2.0		%	4.0		%
Net amount at risk	$	9,187		$	57,354		$	15,043		$	149
Cash surrender value (1)	$	1,382		$	1,054		$	2,148		$	348

(1) Cash surrender value represents the amount of the contractholder's account balances distributable at the balance sheet date less certain surrender charges. For VA and VUL, the cash surrender value shown is the proportion of the total cash surrender value related to their fixed account liabilities.

Refer to Note 12 for the net amount at risk for market risk benefits associated with variable and structured variable annuities. Fixed, fixed indexed, and non-life contingent payout annuities do not have net amount at risk in excess of account value. Net amount at risk for insurance products is calculated as the death benefit amount in excess of applicable account values, host, embedded derivative, and separate account liabilities.

68

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables present the account values of fixed deferred annuities, fixed insurance, and the fixed portion of variable annuities and variable insurance contracts by range of guaranteed minimum interest rates (“GMIRs”) and the range of the difference between rates credited to policyholders and contractholders as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the respective guaranteed minimums, as well as the percentage of account values subject to rate reset in the time period indicated. Rates are reset at management’s discretion, subject to guaranteed minimums.

December 31, 2023
					Account Values with Crediting Rates
	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates				At Guaranteed Minimum		1-49 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		50-99 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		100-150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Greater than 150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Total
					(in millions, except percentages)
Fixed accounts of variable annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	43	$	131	$	52	$	15	$	2	$	243
	2	%	–	2.99%	137		1		—		—		—		138
	3	%	–	3.99%	2,214		—		—		1		—		2,215
	4	%	–	5.00%	1,514		—		—		—		—		1,514
	Total				$	3,908	$	132	$	52	$	16	$	2	$	4,110
Fixed accounts of structured variable annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	1	$	18	$	7	$	2	$	—	$	28
	2	%	–	2.99%	11		—		—		—		—		11
	3	%	–	3.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	Total				$	12	$	18	$	7	$	2	$	—	$	39
Fixed annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	107	$	377	$	183	$	93	$	—	$	760
	2	%	–	2.99%	36		14		1		—		—		51
	3	%	–	3.99%	2,816		1		—		—		—		2,817
	4	%	–	5.00%	2,339		—		—		—		—		2,339
	Total				$	5,298	$	392	$	184	$	93	$	—	$	5,967
Non-indexed accounts of fixed indexed annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—	$	2	$	7	$	13	$	—	$	22
	2	%	–	2.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	3	%	–	3.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	Total				$	—	$	2	$	7	$	13	$	—	$	22
Universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	2	%	–	2.99%	51		3		9		—		—		63
	3	%	–	3.99%	854		1		4		4		—		863
	4	%	–	5.00%	518		1		—		—		—		519
	Total				$	1,423	$	5	$	13	$	4	$	—	$	1,445

69

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

					Account Values with Crediting Rates
	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates				At Guaranteed Minimum			1-49 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			50-99 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			100-150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			Greater than 150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			Total
					(in millions, except percentages)
Fixed accounts of variable universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—		$	2		$	4		$	—		$	24		$	30
	2	%	–	2.99%	13			12			—			1			8			34
	3	%	–	3.99%	122			2			3			6			—			133
	4	%	–	5.00%	607			6			—			—			—			613
	Total				$	742		$	22		$	7		$	7		$	32		$	810
Non-indexed accounts of indexed universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—		$	—		$	2		$	—		$	—		$	2
	2	%	–	2.99%	128			—			—			—			—			128
	3	%	–	3.99%	—			—			—			—			—			—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—			—			—			—			—			—
	Total				$	128		$	—		$	2		$	—		$	—		$	130
Other life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
	2	%	–	2.99%	—			—			—			—			—			—
	3	%	–	3.99%	30			—			—			—			—			30
	4	%	–	5.00%	295			—			—			—			—			295
	Total				$	325		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	325
Total	1	%	–	1.99%	$	151		$	530		$	255		$	123		$	26		$	1,085
	2	%	–	2.99%	376			30			10			1			8			425
	3	%	–	3.99%	6,036			4			7			11			—			6,058
	4	%	–	5.00%	5,273			7			—			—			—			5,280
	Total				$	11,836		$	571		$	272		$	135		$	34		$	12,848
Percentage of total account values that reset in:
Next 12 months					99.9		%	99.5		%	99.3		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	99.9		%
> 12 months to 24 months					0.1			0.5			0.6			—			—			0.1
> 24 months					—			—			0.1			—			—			—
Total					100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%

December 31, 2022
					Account Values with Crediting Rates
	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates				At Guaranteed Minimum		1-49 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		50-99 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		100-150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Greater than 150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Total
					(in millions, except percentages)
Fixed accounts of variable annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	169	$	102	$	18	$	—	$	—	$	289
	2	%	–	2.99%	177		—		—		—		—		177
	3	%	–	3.99%	2,611		—		—		1		—		2,612
	4	%	–	5.00%	1,611		—		—		—		—		1,611
	Total				$	4,568	$	102	$	18	$	1	$	—	$	4,689

70

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

					Account Values with Crediting Rates
	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates				At Guaranteed Minimum		1-49 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		50-99 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		100-150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Greater than 150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum		Total
					(in millions, except percentages)
Fixed accounts of structured variable annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	12	$	7	$	3	$	1	$	—	$	23
	2	%	–	2.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	3	%	–	3.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	Total				$	12	$	7	$	3	$	1	$	—	$	23
Fixed annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	460	$	402	$	132	$	33	$	10	$	1,037
	2	%	–	2.99%	67		—		—		—		—		67
	3	%	–	3.99%	3,344		—		—		—		—		3,344
	4	%	–	5.00%	2,333		—		—		—		—		2,333
	Total				$	6,204	$	402	$	132	$	33	$	10	$	6,781
Non-indexed accounts of fixed indexed annuities	1	%	–	1.99%	$	1	$	3	$	7	$	14	$	—	$	25
	2	%	–	2.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	3	%	–	3.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	Total				$	1	$	3	$	7	$	14	$	—	$	25
Universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	2	%	–	2.99%	55		—		1		—		—		56
	3	%	–	3.99%	885		1		2		—		—		888
	4	%	–	5.00%	569		—		—		—		—		569
	Total				$	1,509	$	1	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	1,513
Fixed accounts of variable universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	4	$	3	$	2	$	—	$	9	$	18
	2	%	–	2.99%	30		—		1		2		2		35
	3	%	–	3.99%	134		1		1		1		—		137
	4	%	–	5.00%	648		—		—		—		—		648
	Total				$	816	$	4	$	4	$	3	$	11	$	838
Non-indexed accounts of indexed universal life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	3
	2	%	–	2.99%	126		—		—		—		—		126
	3	%	–	3.99%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	4	%	–	5.00%	—		—		—		—		—		—
	Total				$	126	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	129

71

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

					Account Values with Crediting Rates
	Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rates				At Guaranteed Minimum			1-49 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			50-99 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			100-150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			Greater than 150 bps above Guaranteed Minimum			Total
					(in millions, except percentages)
Other life insurance	1	%	–	1.99%	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
	2	%	–	2.99%	—			—			—			—			—			—
	3	%	–	3.99%	32			—			—			—			—			32
	4	%	–	5.00%	314			—			—			—			—			314
	Total				$	346		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	346
Total	1	%	–	1.99%	$	646		$	517		$	165		$	48		$	19		$	1,395
	2	%	–	2.99%	455			—			2			2			2			461
	3	%	–	3.99%	7,006			2			3			2			—			7,013
	4	%	–	5.00%	5,475			—			—			—			—			5,475
	Total				$	13,582		$	519		$	170		$	52		$	21		$	14,344
Percentage of total account values that reset in:
Next 12 months					99.8		%	96.3		%	93.8		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	99.6		%
> 12 months to 24 months					0.1			3.0			5.8			—			—			0.3
> 24 months					0.1			0.7			0.4			—			—			0.1
Total					100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%

The following tables summarize the balances of and changes in the liability for future policy benefits, including the January 1, 2021 adoption of ASU 2018-12:

	Life Contingent Payout Annuities		Term and Whole Life Insurance		Disability Income Insurance		Long Term Care Insurance		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	1,536	$	633	$	530	$	5,749	$	8,448
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	(175)		—		—		(566)		(741)
Adjustments for loss contracts (with premiums in excess of gross premiums) under the modified retrospective approach	4		—		—		35		39
Effect of change in deferred profit liability	(43)		—		—		—		(43)
Effect of remeasurement of the liability at the current single A discount rate	215		265		238		1,965		2,683
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	1,537		898		768		7,183		10,386
Less: reinsurance recoverable	—		601		24		3,623		4,248
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021, after reinsurance recoverable	$	1,537	$	297	$	744	$	3,560	$	6,138

72

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Life Contingent Payout Annuities			Term and Whole Life Insurance			Disability Income Insurance			Long Term Care Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums:
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	—		$	702		$	238		$	1,831		$	2,771
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—			536			183			1,498			2,217
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			—			—			(6)			(6)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—			56			(35)			(61)			(40)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	—		$	592		$	148		$	1,431		$	2,171
Issuances	38			78			18			—			134
Interest accrual	—			29			9			73			111
Net premiums collected	(38)			(63)			(20)			(184)			(305)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	—		$	636		$	155		$	1,320		$	2,111
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	—			141			33			227			401
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—		$	777		$	188		$	1,547		$	2,512
Present Value of Future Policy Benefits:
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	1,537		$	1,600		$	1,006		$	9,014		$	13,157
Beginning balance at original discount rate	1,321			1,169			714			6,716			9,920
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			—			—			(8)			(8)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(14)			58			(40)			(124)			(120)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	1,307		$	1,227		$	674		$	6,584		$	9,792
Issuances	39			78			18			—			135
Interest accrual	53			70			39			347			509
Benefit payments	(168)			(120)			(43)			(336)			(667)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	1,231		$	1,255		$	688		$	6,595		$	9,769
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	139			343			226			1,755			2,463
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	1,370		$	1,598		$	914		$	8,350		$	12,232
Adjustment due to reserve flooring	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	—		$	1
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	1,370		$	822		$	726		$	6,803		$	9,721
Less: reinsurance recoverable	1,265			558			25			3,443			5,291
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	105		$	264		$	701		$	3,360		$	4,430
Discounted expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	2,005		$	1,158		$	1,623		$	4,786
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	2,815		$	1,395		$	1,905		$	6,115
Expected future benefit payments	$	1,707		$	2,159		$	1,217		$	11,568		$	16,651
Weighted average interest accretion rate	4.2		%	6.5		%	5.9		%	5.3		%
Weighted average discount rate	2.6		%	2.8		%	2.8		%	2.9		%
Weighted average duration of liability (in years)	7			8			9			10

73

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Life Contingent Payout Annuities			Term and Whole Life Insurance			Disability Income Insurance			Long Term Care Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums:
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	—		$	777		$	188		$	1,547		$	2,512
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—			636			155			1,320			2,111
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			1			1			52			54
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—			47			(22)			(48)			(23)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	—		$	684		$	134		$	1,324		$	2,142
Issuances	42			57			12			—			111
Interest accrual	—			34			7			65			106
Net premiums collected	(42)			(67)			(16)			(169)			(294)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	—		$	708		$	137		$	1,220		$	2,065
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	—			(22)			(3)			(13)			(38)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—		$	686		$	134		$	1,207		$	2,027
Present Value of Future Policy Benefits:
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1,370		$	1,598		$	914		$	8,350		$	12,232
Beginning balance at original discount rate	1,231			1,255			688			6,595			9,769
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			(8)			1			42			35
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(13)			52			(28)			(36)			(25)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	1,218		$	1,299		$	661		$	6,601		$	9,779
Issuances	42			57			12			—			111
Interest accrual	49			73			38			336			496
Benefit payments	(154)			(116)			(42)			(368)			(680)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	1,155		$	1,313		$	669		$	6,569		$	9,706
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(90)			6			27			(130)			(187)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,065		$	1,319		$	696		$	6,439		$	9,519
Adjustment due to reserve flooring	$	—		$	3		$	—		$	—		$	3
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	1,065		$	636		$	562		$	5,232		$	7,495
Less: reinsurance recoverable	949			443			19			2,649			4,060
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	116		$	193		$	543		$	2,583		$	3,435
Discounted expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	1,855		$	926		$	1,381		$	4,162
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	3,183		$	1,331		$	1,908		$	6,422
Expected future benefit payments	$	1,595		$	2,234		$	1,169		$	11,229		$	16,227
Weighted average interest accretion rate	4.1		%	6.4		%	6.1		%	5.2		%
Weighted average discount rate	5.2		%	5.5		%	5.4		%	5.4		%
Weighted average duration of liability (in years)	6			7			8			9

74

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Life Contingent Payout Annuities			Term and Whole Life Insurance			Disability Income Insurance			Long Term Care Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums:
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	—		$	686		$	134		$	1,207		$	2,027
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—			708			137			1,220			2,065
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			(19)			(19)			19			(19)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—			(2)			(18)			(3)			(23)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	—		$	687		$	100		$	1,236		$	2,023
Issuances	177			55			12			—			244
Interest accrual	1			36			5			59			101
Net premiums collected	(178)			(70)			(12)			(158)			(418)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	—		$	708		$	105		$	1,137		$	1,950
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	—			(5)			(1)			9			3
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	—		$	703		$	104		$	1,146		$	1,953
Present Value of Future Policy Benefits:
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	1,065		$	1,319		$	696		$	6,439		$	9,519
Beginning balance at original discount rate	1,155			1,313			669			6,569			9,706
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—			(18)			(25)			9			(34)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(10)			(1)			(29)			5			(35)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	$	1,145		$	1,294		$	615		$	6,583		$	9,637
Issuances	177			56			11			—			244
Interest accrual	50			73			37			329			489
Benefit payments	(150)			(132)			(42)			(405)			(729)
Derecognition (lapses)	—			—			—			—			—
Ending balance at original discount rate	$	1,222		$	1,291		$	621		$	6,507		$	9,641
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	(58)			34			40			54			70
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,164		$	1,325		$	661		$	6,561		$	9,711
Adjustment due to reserve flooring	$	—		$	5		$	—		$	—		$	5
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	1,164		$	627		$	557		$	5,415		$	7,763
Less: reinsurance recoverable	880			440			22			2,738			4,080
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	284		$	187		$	535		$	2,677		$	3,683
Discounted expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	1,764		$	904		$	1,325		$	3,993
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	2,938		$	1,269		$	1,786		$	5,993
Expected future benefit payments	$	1,726		$	2,166		$	1,068		$	10,850		$	15,810
Weighted average interest accretion rate	4.2		%	6.2		%	6.1		%	5.0		%
Weighted average discount rate	4.9		%	5.1		%	5.1		%	5.1		%
Weighted average duration of liability (in years)	7			7			8			8

75

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Impacts of the annual review of policy benefit reserves assumptions are reflected within the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions in the disaggregated rollforwards above. The annual review of policy benefit reserves assumptions in the third quarter of 2023 resulted in a net decrease in future policy benefit reserves, primarily due to updates to LTC premium rate increase assumptions. The annual review of policy benefit reserves assumptions in the third quarter of 2022 resulted in a net decrease in future policy benefit reserves, primarily due to updates to LTC morbidity, premium rate increase and benefit reduction assumptions, and updates to Term Life lapse assumptions. The annual review of policy benefit reserves assumptions in the third quarter of 2021 resulted in a net decrease in future policy benefit reserves, primarily due to updates to LTC premium rate increase and benefit reduction assumptions.

The balances of and changes in additional liabilities related to insurance guarantees were as follows:

	Universal Life Insurance			Variable Universal Life Insurance			Other Life Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	1,100		$	74		$	12		$	1,186
Interest accrual	35			5			1			41
Benefit accrual	128			8			2			138
Benefit payments	(50)			(18)			(4)			(72)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(13)			11			(2)			(4)
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities	25			1			6			32
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,225		$	81		$	15		$	1,321
Weighted average interest accretion rate	3.0		%	6.9		%	4.0		%
Weighted average discount rate	3.2		%	7.1		%	4.0		%
Weighted average duration of reserves (in years)	10			8			6

	Universal Life Insurance			Variable Universal Life Insurance			Other Life Insurance			Total, All Products
	(in millions, except percentages)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	1,120		$	76		$	46		$	1,242
Interest accrual	32			5			1			38
Benefit accrual	108			8			—			116
Benefit payments	(43)			(14)			(4)			(61)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(19)			2			(2)			(19)
Impact of change in net unrealized (gains) losses on securities	(98)			(3)			(29)			(130)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,100		$	74		$	12		$	1,186
Weighted average interest accretion rate	2.9		%	7.0		%	4.1		%
Weighted average discount rate	3.2		%	7.1		%	4.0		%
Weighted average duration of reserves (in years)	10			8			6

The amount of revenue and interest recognized in the Statement of Income was as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023				2022				2021
	Gross Premiums		Interest Expense		Gross Premiums		Interest Expense		Gross Premiums		Interest Expense
	(in millions)
Life contingent payout annuities	$	196	$	49	$	45	$	49	$	39	$	53
Term and whole life insurance	169		37		169		39		166		41
Disability income insurance	124		32		127		31		131		30
Long term care insurance	185		270		189		271		192		274
Total	$	674	$	388	$	530	$	390	$	528	$	398

76

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables summarize the balances of and changes in unearned revenue, including the January 1, 2021 adoption of ASU 2018-12.

	Universal Life Insurance		Variable Universal Life Insurance		Indexed Universal Life Insurance		Total, All Products
	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	19	$	76	$	—	$	95
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	5		10		153		168
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	24		86		153		263
Deferral of revenue	3		34		55		92
Amortization	(1)		(8)		(13)		(22)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	26	$	112	$	195	$	333
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	26	$	112	$	195	$	333
Deferral of revenue	2		48		54		104
Amortization	(1)		(10)		(16)		(27)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	27	$	150	$	233	$	410
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	27	$	150	$	233	$	410
Deferral of revenue	1		59		52		112
Amortization	(1)		(13)		(19)		(33)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	27	$	196	$	266	$	489

11. Separate Account Assets and Liabilities

The fair value of separate account assets is invested exclusively in mutual funds.

The balances of and changes in separate account liabilities were as follows:

	Variable Annuities		Variable Universal Life		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	63,223	$	7,653	$	70,876
Premiums and deposits	835		459		1,294
Policy charges	(1,343)		(292)		(1,635)
Surrenders and other benefits	(5,378)		(317)		(5,695)
Investment return	8,477		1,250		9,727
Net transfer from (to) general account	25		42		67
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	65,839	$	8,795	$	74,634
Cash surrender value	$	64,280	$	8,263	$	72,543

	Variable Annuities		Variable Universal Life		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	82,862	$	9,376	$	92,238
Premiums and deposits	1,067		425		1,492
Policy charges	(1,396)		(278)		(1,674)
Surrenders and other benefits	(4,923)		(286)		(5,209)
Investment return	(14,450)		(1,654)		(16,104)
Net transfer from (to) general account	63		70		133
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	63,223	$	7,653	$	70,876
Cash surrender value	$	61,461	$	7,200	$	68,661

77

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

12. Market Risk Benefits

Market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Most of the variable annuity contracts issued by the Company contain a GMDB provision. The Company previously offered contracts containing GMWB, GMAB, or GMIB provisions.

The GMDB provisions provide a specified minimum return upon death of the contractholder. The death benefit payable is the greater of (i) the contract value less any purchase payment credits subject to recapture less a pro-rata portion of any rider fees, or (ii) the GMDB provisions specified in the contract. The Company has the following primary GMDB provisions:

•Return of premium – provides purchase payments minus adjusted partial surrenders.

•Reset – provides that the value resets to the account value at specified contract anniversary intervals minus adjusted partial surrenders. This provision was often provided in combination with the return of premium provision and is no longer offered.

•Ratchet – provides that the value ratchets up to the maximum account value at specified anniversary intervals, plus subsequent purchase payments less adjusted partial surrenders.

The variable annuity contracts with GMWB riders typically have account values that are based on an underlying portfolio of mutual funds, the values of which fluctuate based on fund performance. At contract issue, the guaranteed amount is equal to the amount deposited but the guarantee may be increased annually to the account value (a “step-up”) in the case of favorable market performance or by a benefit credit if the contract includes this provision.

The Company has GMWB riders in force, which contain one or more of the following provisions:

•Withdrawals at a specified rate per year until the amount withdrawn is equal to the guaranteed amount.

•Withdrawals at a specified rate per year for the life of the contractholder (“GMWB for life”).

•Withdrawals at a specified rate per year for joint contractholders while either is alive.

•Withdrawals based on performance of the contract.

•Withdrawals based on the age withdrawals begin.

•Credits are applied annually for a specified number of years to increase the guaranteed amount as long as withdrawals have not been taken.

Variable annuity contractholders age 79 or younger at contract issue could obtain a principal-back guarantee by purchasing the optional GMAB rider for an additional charge. The GMAB rider guarantees that, regardless of market performance at the end of the 10-year waiting period, the contract value will be no less than the original investment or a specified percentage of the highest anniversary value, adjusted for withdrawals. If the contract value is less than the guarantee at the end of the 10-year period, a lump sum will be added to the contract value to make the contract value equal to the guarantee value.

Individual variable annuity contracts may have both a death benefit and a living benefit. Net amount at risk is quantified for each benefit and a composite net amount at risk is calculated using the greater of the death benefit or living benefit for each individual contract. The net amount at risk for GMDB and GMAB is defined as the current guaranteed benefit amount in excess of the current contract value. The net amount at risk for GMIB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments less the current contract value or zero. The net amount at risk for GMWB is defined as the greater of the present value of the minimum guaranteed withdrawal payments less the current contract value or zero.

The following tables summarize the balances of and changes in market risk benefits, including the January 1, 2021 adoption of ASU 2018-12:

	(in millions)
Pre-adoption balance at December 31, 2020	$	3,084
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments	(3)
Adjustments for the cumulative effect of the changes in instrument-specific credit risk on market risk benefits between the original contract issuance date and the transition date	670
Adjustments to the host contract for differences between previous carrying amount and fair value measurement for the market risk benefits under the option-based method of valuation	20
Adjustments for the remaining difference (exclusive of the instrument-specific credit risk change and host contract adjustments) between previous carrying amount and fair value measurements for the market risk benefits	1,058
Post-adoption balance at January 1, 2021	$	4,829

78

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions, except age)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,103	$	2,901	$	4,829
Issuances	17		27		45
Interest accrual and time decay	(53)		(237)		(294)
Reserve increase from attributed fees collected	788		810		819
Reserve release for benefit payments and derecognition	(35)		(29)		(8)
Effect of changes in interest rates and bond markets	(367)		(4,193)		(1,053)
Effect of changes in equity markets and subaccount performance	(1,267)		2,258		(1,558)
Effect of changes in equity index volatility	(67)		205		73
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior	5		17		52
Effect of changes in other future expected assumptions	128		(139)		123
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk on market risk benefits	83		(517)		(127)
Balance at end of period	$	335	$	1,103	$	2,901
Reconciliation of the gross balances in an asset or liability position:
Asset position	$	1,427	$	1,015	$	539
Liability position	(1,762)		(2,118)		(3,440)
Net asset (liability) position	$	(335)	$	(1,103)	$	(2,901)
Guaranteed benefit amount in excess of current account balances (net amount at risk):
Death benefits	$	913	$	2,781	$	251
Living benefits	$	2,513	$	3,364	$	195
Composite (greater of)	$	3,308	$	5,830	$	441
Weighted average attained age of contractholders	69		68		68
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at end of period	$	(1,551)	$	(2,044)	$	(2,502)
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in other comprehensive income relating to liabilities held at end of period	$	84	$	(505)	$	(102)

The following tables provide a summary of the significant inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurements developed by the Company or reasonably available to the Company of market risk benefits:

	December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Inputs and Assumptions	Range			Weighted  Average
	(in millions)
Market risk benefits	$	335	Discounted cash flow	Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (1)	0.0%	–	48.0%	11.6%
				Surrender rate (2)	0.3%	–	75.0%	3.7%
				Market volatility (3)	0.0%	–	25.2%	10.6%
				Nonperformance risk (4)	85 bps			85 bps
				Mortality rate (5)	0.0%	–	41.6%	1.6%

79

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	December 31, 2022
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Inputs and Assumptions	Range			Weighted  Average
	(in millions)
Market risk benefits	$	1,103	Discounted cash flow	Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (1)	0.0%	–	48.0%	11.0%
				Surrender rate (2)	0.2%	–	45.6%	3.6%
				Market volatility (3)	0.0%	–	26.6%	12.1%
				Nonperformance risk (4)	95 bps			95 bps
				Mortality rate (5)	0.0%	–	41.6%	1.5%

(1) The utilization of guaranteed withdrawals represents the percentage of contractholders that will begin withdrawing in any given year. The weighted average utilization rate represents the average assumption, weighted based on the benefit base. The calculation excludes policies that have already started taking withdrawals.

(2) The weighted average surrender rate represents the average assumption weighted based on the account value of each contract.

(3) Market volatility represents the implied volatility of each contractholder’s mix of funds. The weighted average market volatility represents the average volatility across all contracts, weighted by the size of the guaranteed benefit.

(4) The nonperformance risk is the spread added to the U.S. Treasury curve.

(5) The weighted average mortality rate represents the average assumption weighted based on the account value of each contract.

Changes to Significant Inputs and Assumptions:

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company updated inputs and assumptions based on management’s review of experience studies. These updates resulted in the following notable changes in the fair value estimates of market risk benefits calculations:

Year ended December 31, 2023

•Updates to utilization of guaranteed withdrawals assumptions resulted in a decrease to pre-tax income of $18 million.

•Updates to surrender assumptions resulted in a decrease to pre-tax income of $110 million.

Year ended December 31, 2022

•Updates to utilization of guaranteed withdrawals assumptions resulted in a decrease to pre-tax income of $39 million.

•Updates to surrender assumptions resulted in a decrease to pre-tax income of $200 million.

•Updates to mortality assumptions resulted in a decrease to pre-tax income of $49 million.

Refer to the rollforward of market risk benefits for the impacts of changes to interest rate, equity market, volatility and nonperformance risk assumptions.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements

Significant increases (decreases) in utilization and volatility used in the fair value measurement of market risk benefits in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) liability value.

Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender assumptions used in the fair value measurement of market risk benefits in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value.

Significant increases (decreases) in mortality assumptions used in the fair value measurement of the death benefit portion of market risk benefits in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) liability value whereas significant increases (decreases) in mortality rates used in the fair values measurement of the life contingent portion of market risk benefits in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value.

Surrender assumptions, utilization assumptions and mortality assumptions vary with the type of base product, type of rider, duration of the policy, age of the contractholder, calender year of the projection, previous withdrawal history, and the relationship between the value of the guaranteed benefit and the contract accumulation value.

Determination of Fair Value

The Company values market risk benefits using internal valuation models. These models include observable capital market assumptions and significant unobservable inputs related to implied volatility as well as contractholder behavior assumptions that include margins for risk, all of which the Company believes a market participant would expect. The fair value also reflects a current estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. Given the significant unobservable inputs to this valuation, these measurements are classified as Level 3.

80

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

13. Debt

Short-Term Borrowings

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Des Moines which provides access to collateralized borrowings. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had accessed collateralized borrowings and pledged (granted a lien on) certain investments, primarily commercial mortgage backed securities, with an aggregate fair value of $1.1 billion and $962 million, respectively. The amount of the Company’s liability including accrued interest was $201 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The remaining maturity of outstanding FHLB advances was less than three months as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The weighted average annualized interest rate on the FHLB advances held as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 5.6% and 4.6%, respectively.

Lines of Credit

RiverSource Life Insurance Company, as the borrower, has amended its revolving credit agreement with Ameriprise Financial as the lender. The aggregate amount outstanding under this line of credit may not exceed 3% of RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s statutory admitted assets (excluding separate accounts) as of the prior year end. Prior to June 1, 2023, the interest rate for any borrowing under the agreement was established by reference to London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for U.S. dollar deposits with maturities comparable to the relevant interest period, plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. In June 2023, in anticipation of the end of the publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR, an amendment to the agreement changed the interest rate to Daily Simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 0.1% (“Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR”) plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. Amounts borrowed may be repaid at any time with no prepayment penalty. There were no amounts outstanding on this line of credit as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

RiverSource Life of NY, as the borrower, has amended its revolving credit agreement with Ameriprise Financial as the lender. The aggregate amount outstanding under this line of credit may not exceed the lesser of $25 million or 3% of RiverSource Life of NY’s statutory admitted assets (excluding separate accounts) as of the prior year end. Prior to July 1, 2023, the interest rate for any borrowing under the agreement was established by reference to LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits with maturities comparable to the relevant interest period. In July 2023, in anticipation of the end of the publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR, an amendment to the agreement changed the interest rate to Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. Amounts borrowed may be repaid at any time with no prepayment penalty. The credit agreement is amended to extend the maturity on an annual basis with Ameriprise Financial, subject to the New York Department of Financial Services’ non-disapproval. There were no amounts outstanding on this line of credit as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

RTA, as the borrower, has amended its revolving credit agreement with Ameriprise Financial as the lender not to exceed $100 million. Prior to June 1, 2023, the interest rate for any borrowing under the agreement was established by reference to LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits with maturities comparable to the relevant interest period, plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. In June 2023, in anticipation of the end of the publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR, an amendment to the agreement changed the interest rate to Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. Amounts borrowed may be repaid at any time with no prepayment penalty. This line of credit is automatically renewed annually with Ameriprise Financial. There were no amounts outstanding on this line of credit as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Long-Term Debt

The Company has a $500 million unsecured 3.5% surplus note due December 31, 2050 to Ameriprise Financial. The surplus note is subordinate in right of payment to the prior payment in full of the Company’s obligations to policyholders, claimants and beneficiaries and all other creditors. No payment of principal or interest shall be made without the prior approval of the Minnesota Department of Commerce and such payments shall be made only from RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s statutory surplus. Interest payments, which commenced on June 30, 2021, are due semiannually in arrears on June 30 and December 31. Subject to the preceding conditions, the Company may prepay all or a portion of the principal at any time. The outstanding balance was $500 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022 and is recorded in Long-term debt.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

14. Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; that is, an exit price. The exit price assumes the asset or liability is not exchanged subject to a forced liquidation or distressed sale.

Valuation Hierarchy

The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used by the Company’s valuation techniques. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1    Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.

Level 2    Prices or valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 3    Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (See Note 5 for the balances of assets and liabilities for consolidated investment entities):

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Available-for-Sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	10,283	$	452	$	10,735
Residential mortgage backed securities	—		3,642		—		3,642
Commercial mortgage backed securities	—		2,597		—		2,597
State and municipal obligations	—		758		—		758
Asset backed securities	—		976		555		1,531
Foreign government bonds and obligations	—		12		—		12
U.S. government and agency obligations	99		—		—		99
Total Available-for-Sale securities	99		18,268		1,007		19,374
Cash equivalents	558		2,012		—		2,570
Market risk benefits	—		—		1,427		1,427		(1)
Receivables:
Fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives	—		—		51		51
Other assets:
Interest rate derivative contracts	1		184		—		185
Equity derivative contracts	65		4,945		—		5,010
Foreign exchange derivative contracts	1		20		—		21
Credit derivative contracts	—		1		—		1
Total other assets	67		5,150		—		5,217
Separate account assets at net asset value (“NAV”)							74,634		(2)
Total assets at fair value	$	724	$	25,430	$	2,485	$	103,273
Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims:
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives	—		3		49		$	52
IUL embedded derivatives	—		—		873		873
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	—		—		1,011		1,011
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	—		3		1,933		1,936		(3)
Market risk benefits	—		—		1,762		1,762		(1)
Other liabilities:
Interest rate derivative contracts	1		304		—		305
Equity derivative contracts	95		3,355		—		3,450
Foreign exchange derivative contracts	1		3		—		4
Credit derivative contracts	—		106		—		106
Total other liabilities	97		3,768		—		3,865
Total liabilities at fair value	$	97	$	3,771	$	3,695	$	7,563

83

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Available-for-Sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	—	$	8,311	$	395	$	8,706
Residential mortgage backed securities	—		2,959		—		2,959
Commercial mortgage backed securities	—		2,651		—		2,651
State and municipal obligations	—		786		—		786
Asset backed securities	—		452		545		997
Foreign government bonds and obligations	—		35		—		35
U.S. government and agency obligations	1		—		—		1
Total Available-for-Sale securities	1		15,194		940		16,135
Cash equivalents	1,063		1,529		—		2,592
Market risk benefits	—		—		1,015		1,015		(1)
Receivables:
Fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives	—		—		48		48
Other assets:
Interest rate derivative contracts	7		260		—		267
Equity derivative contracts	129		2,564		—		2,693
Foreign exchange derivative contracts	—		34		—		34
Credit derivative contracts	—		13		—		13
Total other assets	136		2,871		—		3,007
Separate account assets at NAV							70,876		(2)
Total assets at fair value	$	1,200	$	19,594	$	2,003	$	93,673
Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims:
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives	$	—	$	3	$	44	$	47
IUL embedded derivatives	—		—		739		739
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	—		—		(137)		(137)		(4)
Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	—		3		646		649		(5)
Market risk benefits	—		—		2,118		2,118		(1)
Other liabilities:
Interest rate derivative contracts	4		351		—		355
Equity derivative contracts	138		2,228		—		2,366
Foreign exchange derivative contracts	6		4		—		10
Total other liabilities	148		2,583		—		2,731
Total liabilities at fair value	$	148	$	2,586	$	2,764	$	5,498

(1) See Note 12 for additional information related to market risk benefits, including the balances of and changes in market risk benefits as well as the significant inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurements of market risk benefits.

(2) Amounts are comprised of financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

(3) The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $195 million cumulative decrease to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2023.

(4) The fair value of the structured variable annuity embedded derivatives was a net asset as of December 31, 2022 and the amount is presented as a contra liability.

(5) The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $139 million cumulative decrease to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2022.

84

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Available-for-Sale Securities							Receivables
	Corporate Debt Securities		Asset Backed Securities		Total			Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Ceded Embedded Derivatives
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	395	$	545	$	940		$	48
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	—		—		—		(1)	6
Other comprehensive income (loss)	12		10		22			—
Purchases	110		—		110			—
Settlements	(65)		—		(65)			(3)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	452	$	555	$	1,007		$	51
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (loss) relating to assets held at December 31, 2023	$	11	$	10	$	21		$	—

	Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims
	Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives			IUL Embedded Derivatives			Structured Variable Annuity Embedded Derivatives			Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	44		$	739		$	(137)	(4)	$	646
Total (gains) losses included in:
Net income	8		(2)	198		(2)	1,166		(3)	1,372
Issues	—			59			104			163
Settlements	(3)			(123)			(122)			(248)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	49		$	873		$	1,011		$	1,933
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2023	$	—		$	198	(2)	$	1,166	(3)	$	1,364

	Available-for-Sale Securities									Receivables
	Corporate Debt Securities		Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities		Asset Backed Securities		Total			Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Ceded Embedded Derivatives
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	496	$	—	$	291	$	787		$	59
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	(1)		—		—		(1)		(1)	(8)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(44)		—		(25)		(69)			—
Purchases	29		30		564		623			—
Settlements	(85)		—		(285)		(370)			(3)
Transfers out of Level 3	—		(30)		—		(30)			—
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	395	$	—	$	545	$	940		$	48
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2022	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	(1)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (loss) relating to assets held at December 31, 2022	$	(42)	$	—	$	(21)	$	(63)		$	—

85

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims
	Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives			IUL Embedded Derivatives			Structured Variable Annuity Embedded Derivatives			Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	56		$	905		$	406		$	1,367
Total (gains) losses included in:
Net income	(9)		(2)	(105)		(2)	(633)		(3)	(747)
Issues	—			51			90			141
Settlements	(3)			(112)			—			(115)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	44		$	739		$	(137)	(4)	$	646
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2022	$	—		$	(105)	(2)	$	(633)	(3)	$	(738)

	Available-for-Sale Securities									Receivables
	Corporate Debt Securities		Residential Mortgage Backed Securities		Asset Backed Securities		Total			Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Ceded Embedded Derivatives
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	766	$	9	$	395	$	1,170		$	—
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income	(1)		—		—		(1)		(1)	3
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(10)		—		(1)		(11)			—
Purchases	108		—		—		108			—
Issues	—		—		—		—			57
Settlements	(119)		—		(81)		(200)			(1)
Transfers into Level 3	168		—		2		170			—
Transfers out of Level 3	(416)		(9)		(24)		(449)			—
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	496	$	—	$	291	$	787		$	59
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2021	$	(1)	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	(1)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (loss) relating to assets held at December 31, 2021	$	(8)	$	—	$	(1)	$	(9)		$	—

	Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims
	Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives			IUL Embedded Derivatives			Structured Variable Annuity Embedded Derivatives			Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	49		$	935		$	70		$	1,054
Total (gains) losses included in:
Net income	10		(2)	68		(2)	393		(3)	471
Issues	—			—			(28)			(28)
Settlements	(3)			(98)			(29)			(130)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	56		$	905		$	406		$	1,367
Changes in unrealized (gains) losses in net income relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2021	$	—		$	68	(2)	$	—		$	68

(1) Included in Net investment income.

(2) Included in Interest credited to fixed accounts.

(3) Included in Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

86

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(4) The fair value of the structured variable annuity embedded derivatives was a net asset as of January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the amounts are presented as contra liabilities.

The increase (decrease) to pretax income of the Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk on the fair value of its embedded derivatives was $51 million, $45 million and $(23) million, net of the reinsurance accrual, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Securities transferred from Level 3 primarily represent securities with fair values that are now obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs or fair values that were included in an observable transaction with a market participant. Securities transferred to Level 3 represent securities with fair values that are now based on a single non-binding broker quote.

The following tables provide a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements developed by the Company or reasonably available to the Company of Level 3 assets and liabilities:

	December 31, 2023
	Fair  Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
	(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements)	$	451	Discounted cash flow	Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (1)	1.0%	-	2.4%	1.2	%
Asset backed securities	$	555	Discounted cash flow	Annual default rate	3.1%			3.1	%
				Loss severity	25.0%			25.0	%
				Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (2)	275 bps	-	515 bps	284 bps
Fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives	$	51	Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.0%	-	66.8%	1.4	%
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives	$	49	Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.0%	-	66.8%	1.4	%
				Nonperformance risk (4)	85 bps			85 bps
IUL embedded derivatives	$	873	Discounted cash flow	Nonperformance risk (4)	85 bps			85 bps
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	$	1,011	Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.5%	-	75.0%	2.6	%
				Nonperformance risk (4)	85 bps			85 bps

	December 31, 2022
	Fair  Value			Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
	(in millions)
Corporate debt securities (private placements)	$	395		Discounted cash flow	Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (1)	1.1%	-	2.3%	1.4	%
Asset backed securities	$	545		Discounted cash flow	Annual default rate	2.4%			2.4	%
					Loss severity	25.0%			25.0	%
					Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (2)	320 bps	-	550 bps	329 bps
Fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives	$	48		Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.0%	-	66.8%	1.4	%
Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives	$	44		Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.0%	-	66.8%	1.4	%
					Nonperformance risk (4)	95 bps			95 bps
IUL embedded derivatives	$	739		Discounted cash flow	Nonperformance risk (4)	95 bps			95 bps
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	$	(137)	(5)	Discounted cash flow	Surrender rate (3)	0.8%	-	40.0%	0.9	%
					Nonperformance risk (4)	95 bps			95 bps

(1) The weighted average for the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries for corporate debt securities (private placements) is weighted based on the security’s market value as a percentage of the aggregate market value of the securities.

(2) The weighted average for the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries for asset backed securities is calculated as the sum of each tranche’s balance multiplied by its spread to U.S. Treasuries divided by the aggregate balances of the tranches.

(3) The weighted average surrender rate represents the average assumption weighted based on the account value of each contract.

(4)The nonperformance risk is the spread added to the U.S. Treasury curve.

(5) The fair value of the structured variable annuity embedded derivatives was a net asset as of December 31, 2022 and the amount is presented as a contra liability.

87

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Level 3 measurements not included in the tables above are obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements

Significant increases (decreases) in the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 corporate debt securities and asset backed securities in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Significant increases (decreases) in the annual default rate used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 asset backed securities in isolation, generally, would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement and significant increases (decreases) in loss severity in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Significant increases (decreases) in the surrender assumption used in the fair value measurement of the fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk used in the fair value measurement of the IUL embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender assumption used in the fair value measurements of the fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives and structured variable annuity embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value.

Determination of Fair Value

The Company uses valuation techniques consistent with the market and income approaches to measure the fair value of its assets and liabilities. The Company’s market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company’s income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future projected cash flows to a single discounted present value amount. When applying either approach, the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.

Assets

Available-for-Sale Securities

When available, the fair value of securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are obtained from third-party pricing services, non-binding broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques.

Level 1 securities primarily include U.S. Treasuries.

Level 2 securities primarily include corporate bonds, residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, state and municipal obligations, asset backed securities and foreign government securities. The fair value of these Level 2 securities is based on a market approach with prices obtained from third-party pricing services. Observable inputs used to value these securities can include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads and non-binding broker quotes. The fair value of securities included in an observable transaction with a market participant are also considered Level 2 when the market is not active.

Level 3 securities primarily include certain corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities with fair value typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The underlying inputs used for some of the non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company. The Company’s privately placed corporate bonds are typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The fair value of affiliated asset backed securities is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Inputs used to determine the expected cash flows include assumptions about discount rates and default, prepayment and recovery rates of the underlying assets. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs to this fair value measurement, the fair value of the investment in the affiliated asset backed securities is classified as Level 3.

Management is responsible for the fair values recorded on the financial statements. Prices received from third-party pricing services are subjected to exception reporting that identifies investments with significant daily price movements as well as no movements. The Company reviews the exception reporting and resolves the exceptions through reaffirmation of the price or recording an appropriate fair value estimate. The Company also performs subsequent transaction testing. The Company performs annual due diligence of third-party pricing services. The Company’s due diligence procedures include assessing the vendor’s valuation qualifications, control environment, analysis of asset-class specific valuation methodologies, and understanding of sources of market observable assumptions and unobservable assumptions, if any, employed in the valuation methodology. The Company also considers the results of its exception reporting controls and any resulting price challenges that arise.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include time deposits and other highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less. Actively traded money market funds are measured at their NAV and classified as Level 1. U.S. Treasuries are also classified as Level 1. The Company’s remaining cash equivalents are classified as Level 2 and measured at amortized cost,

88

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization.

Receivables

The Company reinsured its fixed deferred indexed annuity products which have an indexed account that is accounted for as an embedded derivative. The Company uses discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of these ceded embedded derivatives. The fair value of fixed deferred indexed annuity ceded embedded derivatives includes significant observable interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and significant unobservable surrender rates. Given the significance of the unobservable surrender rates, these embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3.

Other Assets

Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as derivatives that are exchange-traded, are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The counterparties’ nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative assets was immaterial as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. See Note 17 and Note 18 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.

Separate Account Assets

The fair value of assets held by separate accounts is determined by the NAV of the funds in which those separate accounts are invested. The NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value and represents the exit price for the separate account. Separate account assets are excluded from classification in the fair value hierarchy.

Liabilities

Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims

There is no active market for the transfer of the Company’s embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products.

The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its equity index annuity product. The projected cash flows generated by this model are based on significant observable inputs related to interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and, therefore, are classified as Level 2.

The Company uses discounted cash flow models to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products. The structured variable annuity product is a limited flexible purchase payment annuity that offers 45 different indexed account options providing equity market exposure and a fixed account. Each indexed account includes a protection option (a buffer or a floor). If the index has a negative return, contractholder losses will be reduced by a buffer or limited to a floor. The portion allocated to an indexed account is accounted for as an embedded derivative. The fair value of fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL embedded derivatives includes significant observable interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and significant unobservable surrender rates and the estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. Given the significance of the unobservable surrender rates and the nonperformance risk assumption, the fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3.

The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.

Other Liabilities

Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as derivatives that are exchange-traded, are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active OTC markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The Company’s nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative liabilities was immaterial as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. See Note 17 and Note 18 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral.

Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company assesses its investment in affordable housing partnerships for impairment. The investments that are determined to be impaired are written down to their fair value. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to measure the fair value of these investments. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model are estimates of future net operating losses and tax credits available to the Company and discount rates based on market condition and the financial strength of the syndicator (general partner). The balance of affordable housing partnerships measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was $41 million and $58 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Assets and Liabilities Not Reported at Fair Value

The following tables provide the carrying value and the estimated fair value of financial instruments that are not reported at fair value:

	December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Fair Value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Financial Assets
Mortgage loans, net	$	1,725	$	—	$	—	$	1,599	$	1,599
Policy loans	912		—		912		—		912
Other investments	76		—		54		22		76
Receivables	6,514		—		—		5,566		5,566
Financial Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	$	16,641	$	—	$	—	$	14,243	$	14,243
Short-term borrowings	201		—		201		—		201
Long-term debt	500		—		339		—		339
Other liabilities	5		—		—		5		5
Separate account liabilities - investment contracts	332		—		332		—		332

	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Fair Value
			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in millions)
Financial Assets
Mortgage loans, net	$	1,768	$	—	$	—	$	1,600	$	1,600
Policy loans	847		—		847		—		847
Other investments	89		—		69		20		89
Receivables	7,372		—		—		6,174		6,174
Financial Liabilities
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims	$	14,450	$	—	$	—	$	12,470	$	12,470
Short-term borrowings	201		—		201		—		201
Long-term debt	500		—		315		—		315
Other liabilities	8		—		—		7		7
Separate account liabilities - investment contracts	298		—		298		—		298

Other investments include syndicated loans and the Company’s membership in the FHLB. Receivables include deposit receivables. See Note 7 for additional information on mortgage loans, policy loans, syndicated loans and deposit receivables.

Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims include fixed annuities in deferral status, non-life contingent fixed annuities in payout status, indexed and structured variable annuity host contracts, and the fixed portion of a small number of variable annuity contracts classified as investment contracts. See Note 10 for additional information on these liabilities. Short-term borrowings include FHLB borrowings. Long-term debt includes the surplus note with Ameriprise Financial. See Note 13 for further information on short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Other liabilities include future funding commitments to affordable housing partnerships and other real estate partnerships. Separate account liabilities are related to certain annuity products that are classified as investment contracts.

15. Related Party Transactions

Revenues

See Note 4 for information about revenues from contracts with customers earned by the Company from related party transactions with affiliates.

The Company is the lessor of one real estate property which it leases to Ameriprise Financial under an operating lease that expires November 30, 2029. The Company earned $5 million in rental income for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, which is reflected in Other revenues. The Company expects to earn $5 million in each year of the five year period ending December 31, 2028 and a total of $4 million thereafter.

90

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Expenses

Charges by Ameriprise Financial and affiliated companies to the Company for use of joint facilities, technology support, marketing services and other services aggregated $338 million, $320 million and $345 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Certain of these costs are included in DAC. Expenses allocated to the Company may not be reflective of expenses that would have been incurred by the Company on a stand-alone basis.

Income Taxes

The Company’s taxable income is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Ameriprise Financial. The net amount due from (to) Ameriprise Financial for federal income taxes was $269 million and $(56) million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which is reflected in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively.

Investments

The Company invested in AA and A rated asset backed securities issued by AAF as of December 31, 2021 and in AA, A and BBB rated asset backed securities issued by AAF 2 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, both affiliates of the Company. The asset backed securities are collateralized by a portfolio of loans issued to advisors affiliated with AFS, an affiliated broker dealer. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed the outstanding AA and A rated securities issued by AAF at par and invested $564 million in new AA, A and BBB rated asset backed securities issued by AAF 2. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of these asset backed securities was $554 million and $544 million, respectively. The fair value of these asset backed securities is reported in Investments: Available-for-Sale Fixed maturities, at fair value. Interest income from these asset backed securities was $34 million, $17 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is reported in Net investment income.

Lines of Credit

RiverSource Life Insurance Company, as the lender, has amended its revolving credit agreement with Ameriprise Financial as the borrower. This line of credit is not to exceed 3% of RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s statutory admitted assets as of the prior year end. Prior to June 1, 2023, the interest rate for any borrowing under the agreement was established by reference to LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits with maturities comparable to the relevant interest period, plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. In June 2023, in anticipation of the end of the publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR, an amendment to the agreement changed the interest rate to Adjusted Daily Simple SOFR plus an applicable margin subject to adjustment based on debt ratings of the senior unsecured debt of Ameriprise Financial. In the event of default, an additional 1% interest will accrue during such period of default. There were no amounts outstanding on this revolving credit agreement as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. See Note 13 for information about additional lines of credit with an affiliate.

Long-Term Debt

See Note 13 for information about a surplus note to an affiliate.

Dividends, Return of Capital or Distributions

Cash dividends and return of capital or distributions paid and received by RiverSource Life Insurance Company were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Dividends paid to Ameriprise Financial	$	600	$	600	$	1,900
Dividend received from RiverSource Life of NY	50		63		—
Dividends received from RTA	—		—		50
Return of capital received from RTA	75		80		—

For dividends and other distributions from the life insurance companies, advance notification was provided to state insurance regulators prior to payments. See Note 16 for additional information.

16. Regulatory Requirements

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) defines Risk-Based Capital (“RBC”) requirements for insurance companies. The RBC requirements are used by the NAIC and state insurance regulators to identify companies that merit regulatory actions designed to protect policyholders. These requirements apply to the Company. The Company has met its minimum RBC requirements.

Insurance companies are required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their respective states of domicile, which vary materially from GAAP. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. The more significant differences from GAAP include charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing annuity and insurance reserves using different actuarial methods and assumptions, classifying surplus notes as a component of statutory surplus

91

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

rather than debt, valuing investments on a different basis and excluding certain assets from the balance sheet by charging them directly to surplus, such as a portion of the net deferred income tax assets.

State insurance statutes contain limitations as to the amount of dividends and other distributions that insurers may make without providing prior notification to state regulators. For RiverSource Life Insurance Company, payments in excess of unassigned surplus, as determined in accordance with accounting practices prescribed by the State of Minnesota, require advance notice to the Minnesota Department of Commerce, RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s primary regulator, and are subject to potential disapproval. RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s statutory unassigned deficit was $582 million and $679 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In addition, dividends or distributions whose fair market value, together with that of other dividends or distributions made within the preceding 12 months, exceed the greater of the previous year’s statutory net gain from operations or 10% of the previous year-end statutory capital and surplus are referred to as “extraordinary dividends.” Extraordinary dividends also require advance notice to the Minnesota Department of Commerce, and are subject to potential disapproval. Statutory capital and surplus was $3.1 billion as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Statutory net gain from operations and net income for RiverSource Life Insurance Company are summarized as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Statutory net gain from operations	$	1,331	$	1,615	$	1,366
Statutory net income	845		1,769		253

Government debt securities of $4 million as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022 were on deposit with various states as required by law.

17. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Certain financial instruments and derivative instruments are eligible for offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s derivative instruments are subject to master netting and collateral arrangements and qualify for offset. A master netting arrangement with a counterparty creates a right of offset for amounts due to and from that same counterparty that is enforceable in the event of a default or bankruptcy. The Company’s policy is to recognize amounts subject to master netting arrangements on a gross basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s assets subject to master netting arrangements:

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets						Net Amount
							Financial Instruments(1)		Cash Collateral		Securities Collateral
	(in millions)
Derivatives:
OTC	$	5,170	$	—	$	5,170	$	(3,694)	$	(1,101)	$	(357)	$	18
OTC cleared	9		—		9		(9)		—		—		—
Exchange-traded	38		—		38		(18)		—		—		20
Total	$	5,217	$	—	$	5,217	$	(3,721)	$	(1,101)	$	(357)	$	38

	December 31, 2022
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets						Net Amount
							Financial Instruments(1)		Cash Collateral		Securities Collateral
	(in millions)
Derivatives:
OTC	$	2,887	$	—	$	2,887	$	(2,313)	$	(565)	$	(5)	$	4
OTC cleared	23		—		23		(9)		—		—		14
Exchange-traded	97		—		97		(75)		—		—		22
Total	$	3,007	$	—	$	3,007	$	(2,397)	$	(565)	$	(5)	$	40

(1) Represents the amount of assets that could be offset by liabilities with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following tables present the gross and net information about the Company’s liabilities subject to master netting arrangements:

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts of  Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets						Net Amount
							Financial Instruments(1)		Cash Collateral		Securities Collateral
	(in millions)
Derivatives:
OTC	$	3,812	$	—	$	3,812	$	(3,694)	$	(34)	$	(78)	$	6
OTC cleared	35		—		35		(9)		—		—		26
Exchange-traded	18		—		18		(18)		—		—		—
Total	$	3,865	$	—	$	3,865	$	(3,721)	$	(34)	$	(78)	$	32

	December 31, 2022
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets						Net Amount
							Financial Instruments(1)		Cash Collateral		Securities Collateral
	(in millions)
Derivatives:
OTC	$	2,630	$	—	$	2,630	$	(2,313)	$	(38)	$	(277)	$	2
OTC cleared	9		—		9		(9)		—		—		—
Exchange-traded	92		—		92		(75)		—		(17)		—
Total	$	2,731	$	—	$	2,731	$	(2,397)	$	(38)	$	(294)	$	2

(1) Represents the amount of liabilities that could be offset by assets with the same counterparty under master netting or similar arrangements that management elects not to offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In the tables above, the amount of assets or liabilities presented are offset first by financial instruments that have the right of offset under master netting or similar arrangements, then any remaining amount is reduced by the amount of cash and securities collateral. The actual collateral may be greater than amounts presented in the tables.

When the fair value of collateral accepted by the Company is less than the amount due to the Company, there is a risk of loss if the counterparty fails to perform or provide additional collateral. To mitigate this risk, the Company monitors collateral values regularly and requires additional collateral when necessary. When the value of collateral pledged by the Company declines, it may be required to post additional collateral.

Freestanding derivative instruments are reflected in Other assets and Other liabilities. Cash collateral pledged by the Company is reflected in Other assets and cash collateral accepted by the Company is reflected in Other liabilities. See Note 18 for additional disclosures related to the Company’s derivative instruments and Note 5 for information related to derivatives held by consolidated investment entities.

18. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivative instruments enable the Company to manage its exposure to various market risks. The value of such instruments is derived from an underlying variable or multiple variables, including equity and interest rate indices or prices. The Company primarily enters into derivative agreements for risk management purposes related to the Company’s products and operations.

Certain of the Company’s freestanding derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements. The Company’s policy on the recognition of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives and collateral arrangements executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. See Note 17 for additional information regarding the estimated fair value of the Company’s freestanding derivatives after considering the effect of master netting arrangements and collateral.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Generally, the Company uses derivatives as economic hedges and accounting hedges. The following table presents the notional value and gross fair value of derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives:

	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Notional		Gross Fair Value				Notional		Gross Fair Value
			Assets (1)		Liabilities (2)				Assets (1)		Liabilities (2)
	(in millions)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate contracts	$	42,516	$	185	$	305	$	101,302	$	267	$	355
Equity contracts	81,905		5,010		3,450		67,416		2,693		2,366
Credit contracts	3,375		1		106		1,802		13		—
Foreign exchange contracts	2,952		21		4		2,870		34		10
Total non-designated hedges	130,748		5,217		3,865		173,390		3,007		2,731
Embedded derivatives
IUL	N/A		—		873		N/A		—		739
Fixed deferred indexed annuities and deposit receivables	N/A		51		52		N/A		48		47
Structured variable annuity (3)	N/A		—		1,011		N/A		—		(137)
Total embedded derivatives	N/A		51		1,936		N/A		48		649
Total derivatives	$	130,748	$	5,268	$	5,801	$	173,390	$	3,055	$	3,380

N/A  Not applicable.

(1) The fair value of freestanding derivative assets is included in Other assets and the fair value of ceded derivative assets related to deposit receivables is included in Receivables.

(2) The fair value of freestanding derivative liabilities is included in Other liabilities. The fair value of IUL, fixed deferred indexed annuity and structured variable annuity embedded derivatives is included in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.

(3) The fair value of the structured variable annuity embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2023 included $1.0 billion of individual contracts in a liability position and $15 million of individual contracts in an asset position. The fair value of the structured variable annuity embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2022 included $194 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $331 million of individual contracts in an asset position.

See Note 14 for additional information regarding the Company’s fair value measurement of derivative instruments.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, investment securities with a fair value of $1.5 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, were pledged to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts, of which $145 million and $302 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the counterparty. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, investment securities with a fair value of $376 million and $14 million, respectively, were received as collateral to meet contractual obligations under derivative contracts, of which $314 million and $5 million, respectively, may be sold, pledged or rehypothecated by the Company. As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had sold, pledged, or rehypothecated none of these securities. In addition, as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, non-cash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

94

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents a summary of the impact of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, including embedded derivatives, on the Consolidated Statements of Income:

	Net Investment Income		Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses		Interest Credited to Fixed Accounts		Change in Fair Value of Market Risk Benefits
	(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	(5)	$	—	$	(422)
Equity contracts	—		770		79		(1,239)
Credit contracts	—		—		—		7
Foreign exchange contracts	—		—		—		5
IUL embedded derivatives	—		—		(75)		—
Fixed deferred indexed annuity and deposit receivables embedded derivatives	—		—		(3)		—
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	—		(1,166)		—		—
Total gain (loss)	$	—	$	(401)	$	1	$	(1,649)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	(26)	$	—	$	(2,874)
Equity contracts	—		(164)		(126)		899
Credit contracts	—		—		—		279
Foreign exchange contracts	—		—		—		105
IUL embedded derivatives	—		—		217		—
Fixed deferred indexed annuity and deposit receivables embedded derivatives	—		—		4		—
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	—		633		—		—
Total gain (loss)	$	—	$	443	$	95	$	(1,591)
Year Ended December 31, 2021
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(886)
Equity contracts	1		34		91		(851)
Credit contracts	—		—		—		43
Foreign exchange contracts	—		—		—		5
IUL embedded derivatives	—		—		30		—
Fixed deferred indexed annuity and deposit receivables embedded derivatives	—		—		(8)		—
Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives	—		(393)		—		—
Total gain (loss)	$	1	$	(359)	$	113	$	(1,689)

The Company holds derivative instruments that either do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. These derivative instruments are used as economic hedges of equity, interest rate, credit and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to various products and transactions of the Company.

95

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The deferred premium associated with certain of the above options is paid or received semi-annually over the life of the contract or at maturity. The following is a summary of the payments the Company is scheduled to make and receive for these options as of December 31, 2023:

	Premiums Payable		Premiums Receivable
	(in millions)
2024	$	131	$	23
2025	121		20
2026	247		88
2027	20		—
2028	30		—
2029-2030	378		—
Total	$	927	$	131

Actual timing and payment amounts may differ due to future settlements, modifications or exercises of the contracts prior to the full premium being paid or received.

Structured variable annuity and IUL products have returns tied to the performance of equity markets. As a result of fluctuations in equity markets, the obligation incurred by the Company related to structured variable annuity and IUL products will positively or negatively impact earnings over the life of these products. The equity components of structured variable annuity and IUL product obligations are considered embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from their host contracts for valuation purposes and reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings. As a means of economically hedging its obligations under the provisions of these products, the Company enters into interest rate swaps, index options and futures contracts.

As discussed in Note 12, the Company issues variable annuity contracts that provide protection to contractholders from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. The Company economically hedges its obligations under these market risk benefits using options, swaptions, swaps and futures.

Credit Risk

Credit risk associated with the Company’s derivatives is the risk that a derivative counterparty will not perform in accordance with the terms of the applicable derivative contract. To mitigate such risk, the Company has established guidelines and oversight of credit risk through a comprehensive enterprise risk management program that includes members of senior management. Key components of this program are to require preapproval of counterparties and the use of master netting and collateral arrangements whenever practical. See Note 17 for additional information on the Company’s credit exposure related to derivative assets.

Certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that adjust the level of collateral the Company is required to post based on the Company’s financial strength rating (or based on the debt rating of the Company’s parent, Ameriprise Financial). Additionally, certain of the Company’s derivative contracts contain provisions that allow the counterparty to terminate the contract if the Company does not maintain a specific financial strength rating or Ameriprise Financial’s debt does not maintain a specific credit rating (generally an investment grade rating). If these termination provisions were to be triggered, the Company’s counterparty could require immediate settlement of any net liability position. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate fair value of derivative contracts in a net liability position containing such credit contingent provisions was $62 million and $234 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of assets posted as collateral for such instruments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $55 million and $232 million, respectively. If the credit contingent provisions of derivative contracts in a net liability position as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022 were triggered, the aggregate fair value of additional assets that would be required to be posted as collateral or needed to settle the instruments immediately would have been $7 million and $2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

19. Shareholder’s Equity

The following tables provide the amounts related to each component of OCI:

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Pretax		Income Tax Benefit (Expense)		Net of Tax
	(in millions)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period (1)	$	652	$	(144)	$	508
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on securities included in net income (2)	27		(7)		20
Impact of benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables	(24)		5		(19)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	655		(146)		509
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions on certain long-duration contracts	(69)		15		(54)
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk on MRBs	(83)		18		(65)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	503	$	(113)	$	390

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Pretax		Income Tax Benefit (Expense)		Net of Tax
	(in millions)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period (1)	$	(2,784)	$	595	$	(2,189)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on securities included in net income (2)	88		(19)		69
Impact of benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables	103		(18)		85
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	(2,593)		558		(2,035)
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions on certain long-duration contracts	1,095		(234)		861
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk on MRBs	517		(110)		407
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(981)	$	214	$	(767)

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pretax		Income Tax Benefit (Expense)		Net of Tax
	(in millions)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities arising during the period (1)	$	(527)	$	111	$	(416)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses on securities included in net income (2)	(556)		117		(439)
Impact of benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables	8		(1)		7
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	(1,075)		227		(848)
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions on certain long-duration contracts	361		(77)		284
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk on MRBs	127		(27)		100
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(587)	$	123	$	(464)

(1) Includes impairments on Available-for-Sale securities related to factors other than credit that were recognized in OCI during the period.

(2) Reclassification amounts are recorded in Net realized investment gains (losses).

Other comprehensive income (loss) related to net unrealized gains (losses) on securities includes three components: (i) unrealized gains (losses) that arose from changes in the market value of securities that were held during the period; (ii) (gains) losses that were previously unrealized, but have been recognized in current period net income due to sales of Available-for-Sale securities and due to the reclassification of noncredit losses to credit losses; and (iii) other adjustments primarily consisting of changes in insurance and annuity asset and liability balances, such as benefit reserves and reinsurance recoverables, to reflect the expected impact on their carrying values had the unrealized gains (losses) been realized as of the respective balance sheet dates.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax:

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities		Effect of Changes in Discount Rate Assumptions		Effect of Changes in Instrument-Specific Credit Risk on MRBs		Other		Total
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	1,185	$	—	$	—	$	(1)	$	1,184
Cumulative effect of adoption of long-duration contracts guidance	707		(1,217)		(527)		—		(1,037)
OCI before reclassifications	(409)		284		100		—		(25)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(439)		—		—		—		(439)
Total OCI	(848)		284		100		—		(464)
Balance at December 31, 2021	1,044		(933)		(427)		(1)		(317)
OCI before reclassifications	(2,104)		861		407		—		(836)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	69		—		—		—		69
Total OCI	(2,035)		861		407		—		(767)
Balance at December 31, 2022	(991)		(72)		(20)		(1)		(1,084)
OCI before reclassifications	489		(54)		(65)		—		370
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	20		—		—		—		20
Total OCI	509		(54)		(65)		—		390
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(482)	$	(126)	$	(85)	$	(1)	$	(694)

20. Income Taxes

The components of income tax provision (benefit) were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Current income tax
Federal	$	(112)	$	57	$	172
State	2		(2)		6
Total current income tax	(110)		55		178
Deferred income tax
Federal	98		150		136
State	2		4		2
Total deferred income tax	100		154		138
Total income tax provision (benefit)	$	(10)	$	209	$	316

The principal reasons that the aggregate income tax provision (benefit) is different from that computed by using the U.S. statutory rate of 21% were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Tax at U.S. statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Changes in taxes resulting from:
Dividends received deduction	(8.2)		(2.3)		(1.7)
Low income housing tax credits	(8.0)		(2.9)		(3.3)
Foreign tax credit, net of addback	(7.0)		(1.7)		(0.9)
Audit adjustments	(3.4)		—		—
Uncertain tax positions	1.6		—		—
Other, net	1.5		(0.3)		0.4
Income tax provision (benefit)	(2.5)	%	13.8	%	15.5	%

98

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022 is primarily due to lower pretax income in the current year.

The decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021 is primarily due to lower pretax income relative to tax preferred items.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences between the assets and liabilities measured for GAAP reporting versus income tax return purposes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the statutory rate of 21% as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022. The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities, which are included net within Other assets or Other liabilities, were as follows:

	December 31,
	2023		2022 (1)
	(in millions)
Deferred income tax assets
Insurance and annuity benefits including corresponding hedges	$	1,244	$	1,431
Investments including net unrealized on Available-for-Sale securities	118		165
Other	30		29
Gross deferred income tax assets	1,392		1,625
Less: valuation allowance	30		30
Total deferred income tax assets	1,362		1,595
Deferred income tax liabilities
Deferred acquisition costs	380		410
Other	56		52
Gross deferred income tax liabilities	436		462
Net deferred income tax assets	$	926	$	1,133

(1) Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation and primarily relate to derivative activity being presented with the liabilities they are hedging and remaining investments being presented together inclusive of net unrealized on Available-for-Sale securities.

Included in the Company’s deferred income tax assets are tax benefits related to state net operating losses of $28 million, net of federal benefit, which will expire beginning December 31, 2024. Based on analysis of the Company’s tax position as of December 31, 2023, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize certain state net operating losses of $28 million and state deferred tax assets of $2 million; therefore, a valuation allowance of $30 million has been established.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Balance at January 1	$	37	$	37	$	38
Reductions for tax positions related to the current year	(3)		(1)		(1)
Additions for tax positions of prior years	65		1		—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(71)		—		—
Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations	(1)		—		—
Balance at December 31	$	27	$	37	$	37

If recognized, approximately $19 million, $20 million and $20 million, net of federal tax benefits, of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate.

It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next 12 months. The Company estimates that the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by approximately $2 million in the next 12 months primarily due to state statutes of limitations expirations.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the income tax provision. The Company recognized a net increase of $8 million, nil and a net increase of $1 million in interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a payable of $11 million and $3 million related to accrued interest and penalties, respectively.

The Company files income tax returns as part of its inclusion in the consolidated federal income tax return of Ameriprise Financial in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2023, the federal statutes of limitations are closed on years through 2018. A previously open item for 2014 and 2015 was resolved in the second quarter of 2023. Also in the second quarter

99

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

of 2023, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit for tax years 2016 through 2018 was finalized. The IRS is currently auditing Ameriprise Financial’s U.S. income tax returns for 2019 and 2020. The state income tax returns of Ameriprise Financial and its subsidiaries, including the Company, are currently under examination by various jurisdictions for years ranging from 2017 through 2021.

21. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The following table presents the Company’s funding commitments as of December 31:

	2023		2022
	(in millions)
Commercial mortgage loans	$	15	$	—

Contingencies

The Company and its affiliates are involved in the normal course of business in legal proceedings which include regulatory inquiries, arbitration and litigation, including class actions, concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its activities. These include proceedings specific to the Company as well as proceedings generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which it operates. The Company can also be subject to legal proceedings arising out of its general business activities, such as its investments, contracts and employment relationships. Uncertain economic conditions, heightened and sustained volatility in the financial markets and significant financial reform legislation may increase the likelihood that clients and other persons or regulators may present or threaten legal claims or that regulators increase the scope or frequency of examinations of the Company or the insurance industry generally.

As with other insurance companies, the level of regulatory activity and inquiry concerning the Company’s businesses remains elevated. From time to time, the Company and its affiliates, including AFS and RiverSource Distributors, Inc. receive requests for information from, and/or are subject to examination or claims by various state, federal and other domestic authorities. The Company and its affiliates typically have numerous pending matters, which include information requests, exams or inquiries regarding their business activities and practices and other subjects, including from time to time: sales and distribution of, and disclosure practices related to, various products, including the Company’s insurance and annuity products; supervision of associated persons, including AFS financial advisors and RiverSource Distributors, Inc.’s wholesalers; administration of insurance and annuity claims; security of client information; and transaction monitoring systems and controls. The Company and its affiliates are cooperating with the applicable regulators.

These pending matters are subject to uncertainties and, as such, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even reasonably possible, or to reasonably estimate the amount of any loss that may result from such matters. The Company cannot predict with certainty if, how, or when any such proceedings will be initiated or resolved. Matters frequently need to be more developed before a potential loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated for any matter. An adverse outcome in any matter could result in an adverse judgment, a settlement, fine, penalty, or other sanction, and may lead to further claims, examinations, or adverse publicity each of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company establishes an accrued liability for contingent litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company discloses the nature of the contingency when management believes there is at least a reasonable possibility that the outcome may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss. In such cases, there still may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts reasonably estimated and accrued. When a loss contingency is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrued liability, but continues to monitor, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling a matter, further developments that would make such loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. Once the Company establishes an accrued liability with respect to a loss contingency, the Company continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established, and any appropriate adjustments are made each quarter.

Guaranty Fund Assessments

RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life of NY are required by law to be a member of the guaranty fund association in every state where they are licensed to do business. In the event of insolvency of one or more unaffiliated insurance companies, the Company could be adversely affected by the requirement to pay assessments to the guaranty fund associations. The Company projects its cost of future guaranty fund assessments based on estimates of insurance company insolvencies provided by the National Organization of Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Associations and the amount of its premiums written relative to the industry-wide premium in each state. The Company accrues the estimated cost of future guaranty fund assessments when it is considered probable that an assessment will be imposed, the event obligating the Company to pay the assessment has occurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

100

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The Company has a liability for estimated guaranty fund assessments and a related premium tax asset. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the estimated liability was $34 million and $12 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related premium tax asset was $29 million and $10 million, respectively. The expected period over which guaranty fund assessments will be made and the related tax credits recovered is not known.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be reported in the Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in and pursuant to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. It should be noted that, because of inherent limitations, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met.

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of December 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth fiscal quarter of the year to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Company’s management, with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based on management’s assessment and those criteria, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

101

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

None.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item omitted pursuant to General Instructions I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Item omitted pursuant to General Instructions I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Related Stockholder Matters

Item omitted pursuant to General Instructions I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item omitted pursuant to General Instructions I(2)(c) of Form 10-K.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”) appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Fees Paid to the Registrant’s Independent Auditor

The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by PwC for the audit of the Company’s financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and other fees billed for other services rendered by PwC during those periods.

	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Audit fees (1)	$	4,177	$	2,231
Audit-related fees (2)	18		918
Total	$	4,195	$	3,149

(1) Audit fees include audit work performed in the review of the financial statements, as well as services that generally only the independent auditor can be expected to provide, such as comfort letters, statutory audits, attest services, consents and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.

(2) Audit-related fees include services provided by the independent auditor that are reasonably related to the performance or review of the audit.

Policy on Pre-Approval of Services Provided by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Pursuant to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the terms of the engagement of PwC are subject to the specific pre-approval of the Audit and Risk Committee of Ameriprise Financial. All audit and permitted non-audit services to be performed by PwC for the Company require pre-approval by the Audit and Risk Committee of Ameriprise Financial in accordance with pre-approval procedures established by the Audit and Risk Committee of Ameriprise Financial. The procedures require all proposed engagements of PwC for services to the Company of any kind to be directed to the General Auditor of Ameriprise Financial, and then submitted for approval to the Audit and Risk Committee of Ameriprise Financial prior to the beginning of any services. In 2023 and 2022, 100% of the services provided by PwC for the Company were pre-approved by the Audit and Risk Committee of Ameriprise Financial.

102

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) (1) and (2)	Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules The information required herein has been provided in Item 8.
(3)	Exhibit Index The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report or, where indicated, were already filed and are hereby incorporated by reference.

Exhibit	Description
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of IDS Life Insurance Company filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to Registration Statement No. 33-28976 is incorporated by reference.
3.1.1	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of IDS Life Insurance Company dated June 22, 2006, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on Jan. 5, 2007 is incorporated by reference.
3.2	Amended and Restated By-Laws of RiverSource Life Insurance Company dated June 22, 2006, filed as Exhibit 27(f)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to Registration Statement No. 333-69777, is incorporated by reference.
4.1	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract (form 240343), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-92297, on February 11, 2000, is incorporated by reference.
4.2	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract (form 411265) filed as Exhibit 4.55 to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-139763 on November 25, 2009 is incorporated by reference.
4.3	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract Option L (form 271496), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-73958, on February 20, 2002, is incorporated by reference.
4.4	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract Option C (form 271491), filed as Exhibit 4.2 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-73958, on February 20, 2002, is incorporated by reference.
4.5	Form of Variable Annuity Contract (form 271498) filed as Exhibit 4.29 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Annuity Account, File No. 333-139759, filed on January 3, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
4.6	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for American Express Signature Variable Annuity® (form 43431), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement No. 333-74865 on Form N-4, filed on August 5, 1999, is incorporated by reference.
4.7	Form of Fixed and Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876) filed as Exhibit 4.35 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Annuity Account, File No. 333-139760, on January 3, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
4.8	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for the American Express® Galaxy Premier Variable Annuity and the American Express Pinnacle Variable Annuity(SM) (form 44170), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-82149, on September 21, 1999, is incorporated by reference.
4.9	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPSG1) filed as Exhibit 4.28 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, on February 11, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.10	Form of Contract Data Pages - RVSL (form 273954DPSG1) filed as Exhibit 4.39 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Annuity Account, File No. 333-139762, filed on January 3, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
4.11	Form of Group Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 34660) dated April, 1992, filed electronically as Exhibit 4 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement No. 33-47302, on April 27, 1994, is incorporated by reference.
4.12	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for Retirement Advisor Advantage Plus (form 1043A) filed as Exhibit 4.15 to IDS Life Variable Account 10 Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on January 28, 2004, is incorporated by reference.
4.13	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for the American Express® Signature One Variable Annuity (form 240180), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, on Dec. 8, 1999, is incorporated by reference. (See Exhibit 4.1 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 12/8/1999.)
4.14	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for the Wells Fargo Advantage(SM)Variable Annuity (form 44209), filed as Exhibit 4.1 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, on Nov. 4, 1999, is incorporated by reference. (See Exhibit 4.1 to Form N-4 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 11/4/1999.)

103

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Exhibit	Description
4.15	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for the Wells Fargo Advantage(SM)Builder Variable Annuity (form 44210), filed as Exhibit 4.2 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, filed on Nov. 4, 1999, is incorporated by reference. (See Exhibit 4.2 to Form N-4 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 11/4/1999.)
4.16	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract (form 272646), filed as Exhibit 4.2 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-92297, on October 30, 2003, is incorporated by reference.
4.17	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPSIG) filed as Exhibit 4.18 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-74865, on February 2, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.18	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPWF6) filed as Exhibit 4.29 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, on February 11, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.19	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPWF8) filed as Exhibit 4.30 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-85567, on February 11, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.20	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPFCC) filed as Exhibit 4.21 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-73958, on February 10, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.21	Form of Deferred Variable Annuity Contract (form 272876-DPFCL) filed as Exhibit 4.22 to RiverSource Variable Annuity Account’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4, File No. 333-73958, on February 10, 2004 is incorporated by reference.
4.22	Form of MVA Endorsement (form 44182) filed as Exhibit 4.25 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Annuity Account, File No. 333-139760, on January 3, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
4.23	Copy of Non-tax qualified Group Annuity Contract, Form 30363C, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 6, 1994, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/6/1994.)
4.24	Copy of Non-tax qualified Group Annuity Certificate, Form 30360C, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 6, 1994, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.2 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/6/1994.)
4.25	Copy of Tax qualified Group Annuity Contract, Form 30369C, filed as Exhibit 4.5 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.5 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.26	Copy of Tax qualified Group Annuity Certificate, Form 30368C, filed as Exhibit 4.6 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.6 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.27	Copy of Group IRA Annuity Contract, Form 30372C, filed as Exhibit 4.7 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.7 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.28	Copy of Group IRA Annuity Certificate, Form 30371C, filed as Exhibit 4.8 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.8 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.29	Copy of Non-tax qualified Individual Annuity Contract, Form 30365D, filed as Exhibit 4.9 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference (See Exhibit 4.9 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.30	Copy of Tax qualified Individual Annuity Contract, Form 30370C, filed as Exhibit 4.11 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.11 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.31	Copy of Individual IRA Annuity Contract, Form 30373C, filed as Exhibit 4.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for IDS Life Insurance Company, File No. 33-28976, on April 15, 1998, is incorporated herein by reference. (See Exhibit 4.12 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC on 4/15/1998.)
4.32	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for Retirement Advisor Select Plus (form 131041A) filed as Exhibit 4.16 to IDS Life Variable Account 10 Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on January 28, 2004, is incorporated by reference.
4.33	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RiverSource Retirement Advisor 4 Advantage (form 131101) filed as Exhibit 4.17 to IDS Life Variable Account 10 Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on June 5, 2006, is incorporated by reference.

104

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Exhibit	Description
4.34	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RiverSource Retirement Advisor 4 Select Variable Annuity (form 131102) filed as Exhibit 4.18 to IDS Life Variable Account 10 Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on June 5, 2006, is incorporated by reference.
4.35	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RiverSource Retirement Advisor 4 Access Variable Annuity (form 131103) filed as Exhibit 4.19 to IDS Life Variable Account 10 Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on June 5, 2006, is incorporated by reference.
4.36	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RAVA 5 Advantage and data pages filed as Exhibit 4.36 to RiverSource Variable Account 10’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on July 12, 2010, is incorporated by reference.
4.37	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RAVA 5 Select and data pages filed as Exhibit 4.37 to RiverSource Variable Account 10’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on July 12, 2010, is incorporated by reference.
4.38	Form of Deferred Annuity Contract for RAVA 5 Access and data pages filed as Exhibit 4.38 to RiverSource Variable Account 10’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to the Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Variable Account 10, File No. 333-79311, on July 12, 2010, is incorporated by reference.
4.39	Copy of Limited Flexible Purchase Payments Deferred Annuity Contract and Data Pages, filed electronically as Exhibit 4.1 to Initial Registration Statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-232973, fled on Aug.2, 2019 is incorporated by reference.
4.40	Copy of Single Purchase Payment Deferred Annuity Contract and Data Pages, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3, File No. 333-273966, filed on or about Aug.14, 2023 is incorporated by reference.
4.41	Form of Group Deferred 403 (b) Annuity Contract (form 411333)with data pages filed electronically as Exhibit 4.1 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Retirement Group Annuity Contract I, File No. 333-177381on or about October 19, 2011, is incorporated by reference.
4.42	Form of Guarantee Period Accounts endorsement filed electronically as Exhibit 4.3 to the Initial Registration Statement on Form N-4 for RiverSource Retirement Group Variable Annuity Contract II, File No. 333-177381 on or about October19, 2011, is incorporated by reference.
4.43	Articles of Merger of IDS Life Insurance Company and American Enterprise Life Insurance Company dated March 16, 2006, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for RiverSource Life Insurance Company, File No. 333-114888, on April 27, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
10.1	Principal Underwriter Agreement for Variable Annuities and Variable Life Insurance between RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Distributors, Inc. effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
10.2	Selling Agreement by and among RiverSource Life Insurance Company, RiverSource Distributors, Inc. and Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
10.3	Marketing Support Services Agreement between Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
10.4	Investment Management and Services Agreement between RiverSource Investments, LLC (n/k/a Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC) and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2007, is incorporated by reference.
10.5	Federal Income Tax Sharing Agreement between or among Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and certain subsidiaries, including RiverSource Life Insurance Company and RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York effective December 1, 2010, filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011, is incorporated by reference.
10.6	Intercompany Services Agreement by and among RiverSource Life Insurance Company and Ameriprise India Private Limited effective January 1, 2016, filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K on February 23, 2017, is incorporated by reference.
10.7	Amendment No. 1 to the Intercompany Services Agreement by and among RiverSource Life Insurance Company and Ameriprise India Private Limited effective October 15, 2017, filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2018, is incorporated by reference.
10.8	Amended and Restated Management, Service & Marketing Support Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investments Advisers, LLC, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2011, filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011, is incorporated by reference.
10.9	Services Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective September 1, 2012, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 2, 2015, is incorporated by reference.
10.10	Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Management, Service & Marketing Support Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investments Advisers, LLC, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective October 1, 2014, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2014, is incorporated by reference.
10.11	Intercompany Service Agreement by and between Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2015, is incorporated by reference.
10.12	Wholesaling Service Agreement by and between RiverSource Distributors, Inc. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2007, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2015, is incorporated by reference.

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Exhibit	Description
10.13	Fund Accounting Service Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective February 1, 2011, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2015, is incorporated by reference.
10.14	Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Management, Service & Marketing Support Agreement by and between Columbia Management Investments Advisers, LLC, Columbia Management Investment Services Corp. and RiverSource Life Insurance Company effective January 1, 2017, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on May 3, 2017, is incorporated by reference.
10.15	Amendment No. 2 to the Intercompany Services Agreement by and among RiverSource Life Insurance Company, Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and Ameriprise India, LLP (f/k/a Ameriprise India Private Limited) effective April 22, 2019, filed as Exhibit 10.15 to Form 10-K filed on February 26, 2020, is incorporated by reference.
23*	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24	Powers of attorney (included on Signature Page)
31.1*	Certification of Gumer C. Alvero, Chairman and President, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2*	Certification of Brian E. Hartert, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32*	Certification of Gumer C. Alvero, Chairman and President and Brian E. Hartert, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following materials from RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	The cover page from RiverSource Life Insurance Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 is formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
* Filed electronically herewith.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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RiverSource Life Insurance Company

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

RIVERSOURCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Registrant

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Gumer C. Alvero
			Gumer C. Alvero Chairman and President

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned directors and officers of RiverSource Life Insurance Company, a Minnesota corporation, does hereby make, constitute and appoint Gumer C. Alvero, Brian E. Hartert and Michael Burton, and each of them, the undersigned’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, with power of substitution, for the undersigned and in the undersigned’s name, place and stead, to sign and affix the undersigned’s name as such director and/or officer of said corporation to an Annual Report on Form 10-K or other applicable form, and all amendments thereto, to be filed by such corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C., under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with all exhibits thereto and other supporting documents, with said Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact, and any of them, full power and authority to do and perform any and all acts necessary or incidental to the performance and execution of the powers herein expressly granted.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been duly signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Gumer C. Alvero
			Gumer C. Alvero, Director, Chairman and President (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Brian E. Hartert
			Brian E. Hartert Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Gregg L. Ewing
			Gregg L. Ewing Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Stephen P. Blaske
			Stephen P. Blaske Director

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ John R. Hutt
			John R. Hutt Director

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Kara D. Sherman
			Kara D. Sherman Director

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Gene R. Tannuzzo
			Gene R. Tannuzzo Director

Date:	February 22, 2024	By	/s/ Stephen R. Wolfrath
			Stephen R. Wolfrath Director

107