NOTE 15. COMMITMENTS

Leases

The Company has entered into lease agreements, lease amendments, and lease extensions (“Lease Agreements”) for office, laboratory and manufacturing space located in Tucson, Arizona and Europe, the last of which expires in 2022. Total rent expense including common area charges was $342,000 and $293,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under these agreements are as follows (in thousands):



Year ending December 31:
2018	$	838
2019	204
2020	87
2021	46
2022	4
Thereafter	—
	$	1,179

Clinical Trial Agreements

The Company has entered into master agreements with clinical trial sites in which we typically pay a set amount for start-up costs and then pay for work performed. These agreements typically indemnify the clinical trial sites from any and all losses arising from third party claims as a result of the Company's negligence, willful misconduct or misrepresentation. Clinical trial master agreement expense was $9,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and no material expense was incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The expense incurred as part of the clinical trial is included in research and development on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Marketing Study and Contracted Research

The Company has entered into marketing study agreements and contracted research agreements with research institutions and hospitals in which we typically pay a set amount for start-up costs and then pay for work performed. These agreements typically indemnify the sites from any and all losses arising from third party claims as a result of the Company's negligence, willful misconduct or misrepresentation.