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Investments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities (in millions) were as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for
Credit Losses
Fair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$68,832 $625 $5,900 $44 $63,513 
U.S. government bonds999 3 41 – 961 
State and municipal bonds2,120 26 231 – 1,915 
Foreign government bonds238 15 50 – 203 
RMBS1,941 37 118 6 1,854 
CMBS2,911 6 103 3 2,811 
ABS19,069 91 261 84 18,815 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities201 8 7 1 201 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$96,311 $811 $6,711 $138 $90,273 

As of December 31, 2025
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$68,479 $837 $5,540 $53 $63,723 
U.S. government bonds890 9 32 – 867 
State and municipal bonds2,161 35 231 – 1,965 
Foreign government bonds256 17 50 – 223 
RMBS2,034 45 108 6 1,965 
CMBS2,493 17 87 – 2,423 
ABS16,301 137 210 50 16,178 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities228 21 6 1 242 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$92,842 $1,118 $6,264 $110 $87,586 

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) as of June 30, 2026, were as follows:

Amortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$5,620 $5,561 
Due after one year through five years19,077 18,686 
Due after five years through ten years13,370 12,948 
Due after ten years34,323 29,598 
Subtotal72,390 66,793 
Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS, ABS)23,921 23,480 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$96,311 $90,273 

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations.
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity AFS securities (dollars in millions) for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve
Months
Total
Fair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$16,338 $1,339 $28,424 $4,561 $44,762 $5,900 
U.S. government bonds815 36 43 5 858 41 
State and municipal bonds268 16 916 215 1,184 231 
Foreign government bonds8 1 125 49 133 50 
RMBS392 9 742 109 1,134 118 
CMBS1,188 19 918 84 2,106 103 
ABS6,340 72 2,653 189 8,993 261 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities39 1 54 6 93 7 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$25,388 $1,493 $33,875 $5,218 $59,263 $6,711 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position6,686 

As of December 31, 2025
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve
Months
Total
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$8,529 $1,225 $30,458 $4,315 $38,987 $5,540 
U.S. government bonds427 27 36 5 463 32 
State and municipal bonds143 26 944 205 1,087 231 
Foreign government bonds6 1 135 49 141 50 
RMBS154 7 803 101 957 108 
CMBS408 8 956 79 1,364 87 
ABS3,354 30 3,105 180 6,459 210 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities17 1 54 5 71 6 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$13,038 $1,325 $36,491 $4,939 $49,529 $6,264 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position5,738 

(1) As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we recognized $2 million and $12 million of gross unrealized losses, respectively, in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) for fixed maturity AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded.
The fair value, gross unrealized losses (in millions) and number of fixed maturity AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20% were as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$2,122 $609 387 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months464 169 117 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months909 434 208 
Twelve months or greater4,910 2,207 855 
Total$8,405 $3,419 1,567 

As of December 31, 2025
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$2,318 $829 441 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months337 159 60 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months302 119 99 
Twelve months or greater4,985 2,089 889 
Total$7,942 $3,196 1,489 

(1) We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.

Our gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity AFS securities increased by $447 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. As discussed further below, we do not believe the unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2026, required an impairment recognized in earnings as: (i) we did not intend to sell these fixed maturity AFS securities; (ii) it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the fixed maturity AFS securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis; and (iii) the difference in the fair value compared to the amortized cost was due to factors other than credit loss. Based upon this evaluation as of June 30, 2026, management believes we have the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash from our normal operations (e.g., insurance premiums, fee income and investment income) to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety without requiring the sale of our impaired securities.

As of June 30, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our corporate bond, U.S. government bond, state and municipal bond and foreign government bond securities were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We performed a detailed analysis of the financial performance of the underlying issuers and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade (those rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”)) are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, 96% of the fair value of our corporate bond portfolio was rated investment grade. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the portion of our corporate bond portfolio rated below investment grade had an amortized cost of $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and a fair value of $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively. Based upon the analysis discussed above, we believe that as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we would have recovered the amortized cost of each corporate bond.

As of June 30, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We assessed for credit impairment using a cash flow model that incorporates key assumptions including default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We estimated losses for a security by forecasting the underlying loans in each transaction. The forecasted loan performance was used to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure, as applicable. Our forecasted cash flows also considered, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared to our subordination or other credit enhancement, we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.
As of June 30, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities were attributable primarily to wider credit spreads caused by illiquidity in the market and subordination within the capital structure, as well as credit risk of underlying issuers. For our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities, we evaluated the financial performance of the underlying issuers based upon credit performance and investment ratings and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit Loss Impairment on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

We regularly review our fixed maturity AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be impairment-related, including those attributable to credit risk factors that may require an allowance for credit losses. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category, were as follows:

As of or For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2026
Corporate BondsRMBSCMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$38 $6 $– $66 $1 $111 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized9 – 3 – – 12
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized5 – – 18 – 23
Reductions for disposed securities(2)– – – – (2)
Reductions for securities charged off(6)– – – – (6)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$44 $6 $3 $84 $1 $138 

As of or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026
Corporate BondsRMBSCMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$53 $6 $– $50 $1 $110 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 0
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized11 – 3 – – 14 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized12 – – 37 – 49
Reductions for disposed securities(3)– – (3)– (6)
Reductions for securities charged off(29)– – – – (29)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$44 $6 $3 $84 $1 $138 


As of or For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Corporate BondsRMBSCMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$23 $6 $– $43 $1 $73 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized16 – – – – 16 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized4 (1)– – – 3 
Reductions for securities charged off(7)– – – – (7)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$36 $5 $– $43 $1 $85 
As of or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Corporate BondsRMBSCMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$14 $7 $– $24 $1 $46 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized25 – – 8 – 33 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized5 (2)– 11 – 14 
Reductions for securities charged off(8)– – – – (8)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$36 $5 $– $43 $1 $85 

(1) Represents purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) fixed maturity AFS securities.
(2) As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, accrued investment income on fixed maturity AFS securities totaled $834 million and $776 million, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Losses from debt instrument modifications were $2 million and $13 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $3 million and $18 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, reported in realized gain (loss) on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The following provides the current and past due composition of our mortgage loans on real estate (in millions):

As of June 30, 2026As of December 31, 2025
CommercialResidentialTotalCommercialResidentialTotal
Current$17,497 $5,472 $22,969 $17,506 $4,628 $22,134 
30 to 59 days past due– 112 112 1 93 94 
60 to 89 days past due3 31 34 5 34 39 
90 or more days past due79 164 243 35 144 179 
Allowance for credit losses(110)(66)(176)(112)(69)(181)
Unamortized premium (discount)(11)139 128 (9)115 106 
Mark-to-market gains (losses) (1)
(31)(2)(33)(33)– (33)
Total carrying value$17,427 $5,850 $23,277 $17,393 $4,945 $22,338 

(1) Represents the mark-to-market on certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements, where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers, and for which we have elected the fair value option. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost and fair value of such mortgage loans on real estate that were in nonaccrual status were $30 million and $20 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were no such mortgage loans on real estate that were more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest. For additional information, see “Fair Value Option” in Note 13.        
The amortized cost of mortgage loans on real estate on nonaccrual status (in millions) was as follows, excluding certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements, where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers:

As of
 June 30,
2026
As of
 December 31,
2025
Commercial mortgage loans on real estate$49 $5 
Residential mortgage loans on real estate169 148 
Total$218 $153 

We use loan-to-value (“LTV”) and debt-service coverage ratios as credit quality indicators for our commercial mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans on real estate (dollars in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioTotal
Origination Year
2026$888 1.63 $104 1.38 $2 1.42 $994 
20251,326 1.81 160 1.41 11 1.18 1,497 
20241,486 1.68 54 1.41 1 2.06 1,541 
20231,282 1.87 25 1.40 1 1.17 1,308 
20221,636 2.23 61 1.65 4 1.21 1,701 
2021 and prior10,457 2.73 56 2.67 14 1.63 10,527 
Total$17,075 $460 $33 $17,568 

As of December 31, 2025
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
LTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
LTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
Total
Origination Year
2025$1,322 1.81 $182 1.41 $11 1.20 $1,515 
20241,497 1.68 66 1.41 1 2.01 1,564 
20231,310 1.87 33 1.38 1 1.17 1,344 
20221,703 2.20 76 1.59 5 1.83 1,784 
20212,190 3.65 37 1.70 26 4.36 2,253 
2020 and prior9,014 2.53 46 1.38 18 1.86 9,078 
Total$17,036 $440 $62 $17,538 

We use loan performance status as the primary credit quality indicator for our residential mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2026$1,188 $2 $1,190 
20251,698 16 1,714 
20241,554 62 1,616 
2023389 20 409 
2022384 42 426 
2021 and prior536 27 563 
Total$5,749 $169 $5,918 
As of December 31, 2025
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2025$1,650 $4 $1,654 
20241,776 64 1,840 
2023440 21 461 
2022425 33 458 
2021381 14 395 
2020 and prior194 12 206 
Total$4,866 $148 $5,014 

Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

In connection with our recognition of an allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans on real estate, we perform a quantitative analysis using a probability of default/loss given default/exposure at default approach to estimate expected credit losses in our mortgage loan portfolio as well as unfunded commitments related to commercial mortgage loans, exclusive of certain mortgage loans held at fair value.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) were as follows:

As of or For the Three Months Ended
 June 30, 2026
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$115 $64 $179 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
4 2 6 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Reductions for mortgage loans on real estate charged off(9)– (9)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$110 $66 $176 

As of or For the Six Months Ended
 June 30, 2026
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$112 $69 $181 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
7 (3)4 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Reductions for mortgage loans on real estate charged off(9)– (9)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$110 $66 $176 

As of or For the Three Months Ended
 June 30, 2025
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$97 $56 $153 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
– 9 9 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$97 $65 $162 

As of or For the Six Months Ended
 June 30, 2025
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$99 $53 $152 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
(2)12 10 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$97 $65 $162 

(1) We recognized $1 million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for each of the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and $1 million and less than $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
(2) Accrued investment income on mortgage loans on real estate totaled $119 million and $107 million as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Alternative Investments 

As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, alternative investments included investments in 358 and 364 different partnerships, respectively, and represented approximately 3% of total investments. These amounts do not include alternative investments that support funds withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreements where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers.

Impairments on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

Details underlying credit loss benefit (expense) incurred as a result of impairments that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized gain (loss) on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows:

For the Three
Months Ended
  June 30,
For the Six
Months Ended
  June 30,
2026202520262025
Credit Loss Benefit (Expense)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$(12)$(20)$(20)$(30)
RMBS– 1 – 2 
CMBS(3)– (3)– 
ABS(18)– (34)(19)
Total credit loss benefit (expense)$(33)$(19)$(57)$(47)



Payables for Collateral on Investments

The carrying value of the payables for collateral on investments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the related investments or collateral (in millions) consisted of the following:

As of June 30, 2026As of December 31, 2025
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Collateral payable for derivative investments (1)
$9,050 $9,050 $7,808 $7,808 
Securities pledged under securities lending agreements (2)
181 174 145 139 
Total payables for collateral on investments$9,231 $9,224 $7,953 $7,947 

(1) We obtain collateral based upon contractual provisions with our counterparties. These agreements take into consideration the counterparties’ credit rating as compared to ours, the fair value of the derivative investments and specified thresholds that if exceeded result in the receipt of cash that is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities. This also includes interest payable on collateral. See Note 5 for additional information.
(2) Our pledged securities under securities lending agreements are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of the domestic and foreign securities, respectively. We value collateral daily and obtain additional collateral when deemed appropriate. The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.


We have repurchase agreements through which we can obtain liquidity by pledging securities. The collateral requirements are generally 80% to 95% of the fair value of the securities, and our agreements with third parties contain contractual provisions to allow for additional collateral to be obtained when necessary. The cash received in our repurchase program is typically invested in fixed maturity AFS securities. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we were not participating in any open repurchase agreements.
Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments (in millions) consisted of the following:

For the Six
Months Ended
June 30,
20262025
Collateral payable for derivative investments$1,242 $(2,178)
Securities pledged under securities
 lending agreements36 (2)
Securities pledged under repurchase agreements– 418 
Investments pledged for FHLB lending program– 240 
Total increase (decrease) in payables for
collateral on investments$1,278 $(1,522)

We have elected not to offset our securities lending transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The remaining contractual maturities of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (in millions) were as follows:

As of June 30, 2026
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than
90 Days
Total
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$175 $– $– $– $175 
Foreign government bonds5 – – – 5 
Equity securities1 – – – 1 
Total gross secured borrowings$181 $– $– $– $181 
 
As of December 31, 2025
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than
90 Days
Total
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$130 $– $– $– $130 
Foreign government bonds5 – – – 5 
Equity securities10 – – – 10 
Total gross secured borrowings$145 $– $– $– $145 

We accept collateral in the form of securities in connection with repurchase agreements. In instances where we are permitted to sell or re-pledge the securities received, we report the fair value of the collateral received and a related obligation to return the collateral in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we receive securities in connection with securities borrowing agreements that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of June 30, 2026, we had not received any collateral and, therefore, had not sold or repledged any
collateral under these agreements.

We also accept collateral from derivative counterparties in the form of securities that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of June 30, 2026, the fair value of this collateral received that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge was $2.2 billion, and we had re-pledged $59 million of this collateral to cover our collateral requirements.
Assets Pledged as Collateral

We pledge assets as collateral in connection with derivative, securities lending and repurchase agreements, funding agreements issued pursuant to funding agreement backed repurchase agreements (“FABRs”), membership obligations with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and regulatory deposits. See “Payables for Collateral on Investments” above and “Funding Agreements – FABR Funding Agreements” in Note 10 for additional information. Assets pledged as collateral at carrying value as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

As of
June 30, 2026
As of
December 31, 2025
Fixed maturity AFS securities$4,038$3,577
Trading securities1314
Equity securities110
Mortgage loans on real estate1,5921,217
Other investments2020
Cash and invested cash5363
Total assets pledged as collateral$5,717$4,901

Investment Commitments

As of June 30, 2026, our investment commitments were $4.3 billion, which included $3.0 billion of limited partnerships (“LPs”), $703 million of mortgage loans on real estate, $400 million of asset-backed variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and $224 million of private placement securities.

Concentrations of Financial Instruments

As of June 30, 2026, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and the White Chapel V LLC with a fair value of $1.2 billion, or 1% of total investments. As of December 31, 2025, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and White Chapel V LLC with a fair value of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, or 1% of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.
As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, our most significant investments in one industry were our investments in securities in the financial services industry with a fair value of $16.2 billion, or 12% of total investments, and our investments in securities in the consumer non-cyclical industry with a fair value of $11.1 billion and $11.0 billion, respectively, or 8% of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.