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Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities (in millions) were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for
Credit Losses
Fair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$68,566 $599 $6,195 $38 $62,932 
U.S. government bonds950 36 – 919 
State and municipal bonds2,151 27 235 – 1,943 
Foreign government bonds240 15 53 – 202 
RMBS1,995 39 118 1,910 
CMBS2,682 100 – 2,591 
ABS17,830 93 249 66 17,608 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities221 11 224 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$94,635 $798 $6,993 $111 $88,329 

As of December 31, 2025
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$68,479 $837 $5,540 $53 $63,723 
U.S. government bonds890 32 – 867 
State and municipal bonds2,161 35 231 – 1,965 
Foreign government bonds256 17 50 – 223 
RMBS2,034 45 108 1,965 
CMBS2,493 17 87 – 2,423 
ABS16,301 137 210 50 16,178 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities228 21 242 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$92,842 $1,118 $6,264 $110 $87,586 

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) as of March 31, 2026, were as follows:

Amortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$5,000 $4,951 
Due after one year through five years19,802 19,441 
Due after five years through ten years12,891 12,445 
Due after ten years34,435 29,383 
Subtotal72,128 66,220 
Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS, ABS)22,507 22,109 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$94,635 $88,329 

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations.
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity AFS securities (dollars in millions) for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve
Months
Total
Fair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$15,612 $1,403 $28,813 $4,792 $44,425 $6,195 
U.S. government bonds546 31 36 582 36 
State and municipal bonds257 19 919 216 1,176 235 
Foreign government bonds122 52 130 53 
RMBS401 11 732 107 1,133 118 
CMBS893 15 940 85 1,833 100 
ABS8,706 75 2,855 174 11,561 249 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities39 54 93 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$26,462 $1,556 $34,471 $5,437 $60,933 $6,993 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position7,002 

As of December 31, 2025
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve
Months
Total
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$8,529 $1,225 $30,458 $4,315 $38,987 $5,540 
U.S. government bonds427 27 36 463 32 
State and municipal bonds143 26 944 205 1,087 231 
Foreign government bonds135 49 141 50 
RMBS154 803 101 957 108 
CMBS408 956 79 1,364 87 
ABS3,354 30 3,105 180 6,459 210 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities17 54 71 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$13,038 $1,325 $36,491 $4,939 $49,529 $6,264 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position5,738 

(1) As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we recognized $4 million and $12 million of gross unrealized losses, respectively, in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) for fixed maturity AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded.
The fair value, gross unrealized losses (in millions) and number of fixed maturity AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20% were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$3,501 $1,040 567 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months904 449 209 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months298 161 56 
Twelve months or greater4,733 2,180 858 
Total$9,436 $3,830 1,690 

As of December 31, 2025
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$2,318 $829 441 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months337 159 60 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months302 119 99 
Twelve months or greater4,985 2,089 889 
Total$7,942 $3,196 1,489 

(1) We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.

Our gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity AFS securities increased by $729 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026. As discussed further below, we do not believe the unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2026, required an impairment recognized in earnings as: (i) we did not intend to sell these fixed maturity AFS securities; (ii) it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the fixed maturity AFS securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis; and (iii) the difference in the fair value compared to the amortized cost was due to factors other than credit loss. Based upon this evaluation as of March 31, 2026, management believes we have the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash from our normal operations (e.g., insurance premiums, fee income and investment income) to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety without requiring the sale of our impaired securities.

As of March 31, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our corporate bond, U.S. government bond, state and municipal bond and foreign government bond securities were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We performed a detailed analysis of the financial performance of the underlying issuers and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade (those rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”)) are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, 96% of the fair value of our corporate bond portfolio was rated investment grade. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the portion of our corporate bond portfolio rated below investment grade had an amortized cost of $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and a fair value of $2.8 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively. Based upon the analysis discussed above, we believe that as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we would have recovered the amortized cost of each corporate bond.

As of March 31, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We assessed for credit impairment using a cash flow model that incorporates key assumptions including default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We estimated losses for a security by forecasting the underlying loans in each transaction. The forecasted loan performance was used to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure, as applicable. Our forecasted cash flows also considered, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared to our subordination or other credit enhancement, we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.
As of March 31, 2026, the unrealized losses associated with our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities were attributable primarily to wider credit spreads caused by illiquidity in the market and subordination within the capital structure, as well as credit risk of underlying issuers. For our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities, we evaluated the financial performance of the underlying issuers based upon credit performance and investment ratings and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit Loss Impairment on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

We regularly review our fixed maturity AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be impairment-related, including those attributable to credit risk factors that may require an allowance for credit losses. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category, were as follows:

As of or For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$53 $$50 $$110 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized– – – 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized– 18 – 25 
Reductions for disposed securities(1)– (2)– (3)
Reductions for securities charged off(23)– – – (23)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$38 $$66 $$111 



As of or For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$14 $$24 $$46 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized– – 14 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized(1)12 – 13 
Reductions for disposed securities– – – – – 
Reductions for securities charged off– – – – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$23 $$43 $$73 

(1) Represents purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) fixed maturity AFS securities.
(2) As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, accrued investment income on fixed maturity AFS securities totaled $846 million and $802 million, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Losses from debt instrument modifications were $1 million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The following provides the current and past due composition of our mortgage loans on real estate (in millions):

As of March 31, 2026As of December 31, 2025
CommercialResidentialTotalCommercialResidentialTotal
Current$17,468 $4,992 $22,460 $17,506 $4,628 $22,134 
30 to 59 days past due89 92 93 94 
60 to 89 days past due– 29 29 34 39 
90 or more days past due36 168 204 35 144 179 
Allowance for credit losses(115)(64)(179)(112)(69)(181)
Unamortized premium (discount)(9)126 117 (9)115 106 
Mark-to-market gains (losses) (1)
(32)(31)(33)– (33)
Total carrying value$17,351 $5,341 $22,692 $17,393 $4,945 $22,338 

(1) Represents the mark-to-market on certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements, where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers, and for which we have elected the fair value option. As of March 31, 2026, the amortized cost and fair value of such mortgage loans on real estate that were in nonaccrual status was $30 million and $19 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the amortized cost and fair value of such mortgage loans on real estate that were in nonaccrual status was $30 million and $20 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were no such mortgage loans on real estate that were more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest. For additional information, see “Fair Value Option” in Note 12.        

The amortized cost of mortgage loans on real estate on nonaccrual status (in millions) was as follows, excluding certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements, where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers:

As of
 March 31,
2026
As of
 December 31,
2025
Commercial mortgage loans on real estate$$
Residential mortgage loans on real estate172 148 
Total$178 $153 

We use loan-to-value (“LTV”) and debt-service coverage ratios as credit quality indicators for our commercial mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans on real estate (dollars in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioTotal
Origination Year
2026$426 1.64 $30 1.38 $1.61 $457 
20251,331 1.81 165 1.41 11 1.20 1,507 
20241,488 1.68 58 1.41 2.06 1,547 
20231,287 1.87 32 1.39 1.17 1,320 
20221,644 2.23 65 1.64 1.21 1,712 
2021 and prior10,861 2.73 85 2.35 1.60 10,955 
Total$17,037 $435 $26 $17,498 
As of December 31, 2025
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
LTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
LTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service
Coverage
Ratio
Total
Origination Year
2025$1,322 1.81 $182 1.41 $11 1.20 $1,515 
20241,497 1.68 66 1.41 2.01 1,564 
20231,310 1.87 33 1.38 1.17 1,344 
20221,703 2.20 76 1.59 1.83 1,784 
20212,190 3.65 37 1.70 26 4.36 2,253 
2020 and prior9,014 2.53 46 1.38 18 1.86 9,078 
Total$17,036 $440 $62 $17,538 

We use loan performance status as the primary credit quality indicator for our residential mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2026$393 $$394 
20251,810 11 1,821 
20241,651 74 1,725 
2023419 21 440 
2022406 35 441 
2021 and prior553 30 583 
Total$5,232 $172 $5,404 

As of December 31, 2025
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2025$1,650 $$1,654 
20241,776 64 1,840 
2023440 21 461 
2022425 33 458 
2021381 14 395 
2020 and prior194 12 206 
Total$4,866 $148 $5,014 

Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

In connection with our recognition of an allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans on real estate, we perform a quantitative analysis using a probability of default/loss given default/exposure at default approach to estimate expected credit losses in our mortgage loan portfolio as well as unfunded commitments related to commercial mortgage loans, exclusive of certain mortgage loans held at fair value.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) were as follows:

As of or For the Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2026
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$112 $69 $181 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
(5)(2)
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$115 $64 $179 

As of or For the Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2025
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$99 $53 $152 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
(2)
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$97 $56 $153 

(1) We recognized less than $1 million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(2) Accrued investment income on mortgage loans on real estate totaled $113 million and $101 million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Alternative Investments 

As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, alternative investments included investments in 360 and 364 different partnerships, respectively, and represented approximately 3% of total investments. These amounts do not include alternative investments that support funds withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance agreements where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers.

Impairments on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

Details underlying credit loss benefit (expense) incurred as a result of impairments that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized gain (loss) on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows:

For the Three
Months Ended
  March 31,
20262025
Credit Loss Benefit (Expense)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$(8)$(9)
RMBS– 
ABS(16)(19)
Total credit loss benefit (expense)$(24)$(27)
Payables for Collateral on Investments

The carrying value of the payables for collateral on investments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the related investments or collateral (in millions) consisted of the following:

As of March 31, 2026As of December 31, 2025
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Collateral payable for derivative investments (1)
$6,373 $6,373 $7,808 $7,808 
Securities pledged under securities lending agreements (2)
183 177 145 139 
Investments pledged for FHLB lending program (3)
– – – – 
Total payables for collateral on investments$6,556 $6,550 $7,953 $7,947 

(1) We obtain collateral based upon contractual provisions with our counterparties. These agreements take into consideration the counterparties’ credit rating as compared to ours, the fair value of the derivative investments and specified thresholds that if exceeded result in the receipt of cash that is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities. This also includes interest payable on collateral. See Note 5 for additional information.
(2) Our pledged securities under securities lending agreements are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of the domestic and foreign securities, respectively. We value collateral daily and obtain additional collateral when deemed appropriate. The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.
(3) Our pledged investments for Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) related to the lending program are included in fixed maturity AFS securities and mortgage loans on real estate on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The collateral requirements are generally 105% to 115% of the fair value for fixed maturity AFS securities and 155% to 175% of the fair value for mortgage loans on real estate. The cash received in these transactions is primarily invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.

We have repurchase agreements through which we can obtain liquidity by pledging securities. The collateral requirements are generally 80% to 95% of the fair value of the securities, and our agreements with third parties contain contractual provisions to allow for additional collateral to be obtained when necessary. The cash received in our repurchase program is typically invested in fixed maturity AFS securities. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, we were not participating in any open repurchase agreements.

Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments (in millions) consisted of the following:

For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
20262025
Collateral payable for derivative investments$(1,435)$(1,635)
Securities pledged under securities
 lending agreements38 10 
Securities pledged under repurchase agreements– 57 
Investments pledged for FHLB lending program– (150)
Total increase (decrease) in payables for
collateral on investments$(1,397)$(1,718)
We have elected not to offset our securities lending transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The remaining contractual maturities of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (in millions) were as follows:

As of March 31, 2026
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than
90 Days
Total
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$175 $– $– $– $175 
Foreign government bonds– – – 
Equity securities– – – 
Total gross secured borrowings$183 $– $– $– $183 
 
As of December 31, 2025
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than
90 Days
Total
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$130 $– $– $– $130 
Foreign government bonds– – – 
Equity securities10 – – – 10 
Total gross secured borrowings$145 $– $– $– $145 

We accept collateral in the form of securities in connection with repurchase agreements. In instances where we are permitted to sell or re-pledge the securities received, we report the fair value of the collateral received and a related obligation to return the collateral in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we receive securities in connection with securities borrowing agreements that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of March 31, 2026, we had not received any collateral and, therefore, had not sold or repledged any
collateral under these agreements.

We also accept collateral from derivative counterparties in the form of securities that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of March 31, 2026, the fair value of this collateral received that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge was $1.6 billion, and we had re-pledged $31 million of this collateral to cover our collateral requirements.
Assets Pledged as Collateral

We pledge assets as collateral in connection with derivative, securities lending and repurchase agreements, funding agreements issued pursuant to funding agreement backed repurchase agreements (“FABRs”), membership obligations with the FHLB and regulatory deposits. See “Payables for Collateral on Investments” above and “Funding Agreements – FABR Funding Agreements” in Note 10 for additional information. Assets pledged as collateral at carrying value as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:

As of
March 31, 2026
As of
December 31, 2025
Fixed maturity AFS securities$3,639$3,577
Trading securities1414
Equity securities410
Mortgage loans on real estate1,6661,217
Other investments520
Cash and invested cash32163
Total assets pledged as collateral$5,649$4,901

Investment Commitments

As of March 31, 2026, our investment commitments were $4.3 billion, which included $3.0 billion of limited partnerships (“LPs”), $831 million of mortgage loans on real estate, $284 million of private placement securities and $210 million of asset-backed variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

Concentrations of Financial Instruments

As of March 31, 2026, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and the U.S. Treasury with a fair value of $1.2 billion and $899 million, respectively, or 1% of total investments. As of December 31, 2025, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and White Chapel V LLC with a fair value of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, or 1% of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.
As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, our most significant investments in one industry were our investments in securities in the financial services industry with a fair value of $15.9 billion and $16.2 billion, respectively, or 12% of total investments, and our investments in securities in the consumer non-cyclical industry with a fair value of $11.0 billion, or 8% of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.