Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

We provide products and services and report results through our Annuities, Life Insurance, Group Protection and Retirement Plan Services business segments. We also have Other Operations, which includes the financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments. The accounting policies of the business segments and Other Operations are the same as those described in Note 1. Our business segments and Other Operations reflect the manner by which our CODM views and manages the business. Our CODM is the President. The following is a brief description of these segments and Other Operations.

The Annuities segment provides tax-deferred investment growth and lifetime income opportunities for its clients by offering variable annuities (including RILA) and fixed annuities (including indexed).

The Life Insurance segment focuses on the creation and protection of wealth for its clients by providing life insurance products, including term insurance, both single (including UL, corporate-owned UL and bank-owned UL) and survivorship versions of IUL and VUL products, linked-benefit products (which are UL and VUL with riders providing for long-term care costs), and critical illness and long-term care riders, which can be attached to IUL or VUL policies. We have in-force blocks of UL and VUL products with lifetime secondary guarantees, but we no longer offer new sales of UL and VUL products with lifetime guarantees.

The Group Protection segment offers group non-medical insurance products and services, including short- and long-term disability, statutory disability and paid family medical leave administration and absence management services, term life, dental, vision and accident, critical illness and hospital indemnity benefits and services to the employer marketplace through various forms of employee-paid and employer-paid plans.

The Retirement Plan Services segment provides employer-sponsored defined benefit and individual retirement accounts, as well as individual and group variable annuities, group fixed annuities and mutual-fund based programs in the retirement plan marketplace.

Other Operations includes the financial results for operations that are not directly related to our business segments and primarily consists of: investments related to our excess capital; corporate investments; interest expense associated with debt; expenses associated with corporate strategic initiatives; expenses associated with benefit plans; the results of certain disability income business; and our run-off Institutional Pension business in the form of group annuity contracts.

Income (loss) from operations is the internal measure used by our CODM that explains the results of our ongoing operations in a manner that allows for a better understanding of the underlying trends by excluding items that are unpredictable and not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance, and, in many instances, decisions regarding these adjustments do not necessarily relate to the operations of the individual business segments. Income (loss) from operations is used by our CODM to evaluate financial performance, to assess the budgeting and forecasting process and to determine future resource allocation. In the third quarter of 2024, we

revised our definition of income (loss) from operations to exclude the impact of certain additional items that are not indicative of the ongoing operations of the business and may obscure trends in the underlying performance of the Company. The presentation of prior period income (loss) from operations was recast for such third quarter 2024 revisions to conform to the current period presentation.

Income (loss) from operations is GAAP net income excluding the following items, as applicable:

•Items related to annuity product features, which include changes in MRBs, including gains and losses and benefit payments, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments we hold to hedge GLB and GDB riders, net of fee income allocated to support the cost of hedging them, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our indexed annuity contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them, including collateral expense associated with the hedge program (collectively, “net annuity product features”);

•Items related to life insurance product features, which include changes in the fair value of derivatives we hold as part of VUL hedging, changes in reserves resulting from benefit ratio unlocking associated with the impact of capital markets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our IUL contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them (collectively, “net life insurance product features”);

•Credit loss-related adjustments on fixed maturity AFS securities, mortgage loans on real estate and reinsurance-related assets (“credit loss-related adjustments”);

•Changes in the fair value of equity securities, certain derivatives, certain other investments and realized gains (losses) on sales, disposals and impairments of financial assets (collectively, “investment gains (losses)”);

•Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and mortgage loans on real estate electing the fair value option (“changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and certain mortgage loans”);

•GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR;

•Income (loss) from the initial adoption of new accounting standards, accounting policy changes and new regulations, including changes in tax law;

•Income (loss) from reserve changes, net of related amortization, on business sold through reinsurance;

•Losses from the impairment of intangible assets and gains (losses) on other non-financial assets;

•Income (loss) from discontinued operations;

•Other items, which include the following: certain legal and regulatory accruals; severance expense related to initiatives that realign the workforce; transaction and integration costs related to mergers and acquisitions including the acquisition or divestiture, through reinsurance or other means, of businesses or blocks of business; mark-to-market adjustment related to the LNC stock component of deferred compensation plans (“deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment”); gains (losses) on modification or early extinguishment of debt; and impacts from settlement or curtailment of defined benefit obligations; and

•Income tax benefit (expense) related to the above pre-tax items, including the effect of tax adjustments such as changes to deferred tax valuation allowances.

We use our prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21% and an estimated state income tax rate, where applicable, net of the impacts related to dividends-received deduction and foreign tax credits and any other permanent differences for events recognized differently in our consolidated financial statements and federal income tax returns.

We do not report total assets by segment because this is not a metric used by the CODM to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

The tables below reconcile our internal measure of performance to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in millions):

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating Revenues (1)	$	4,549	$	4,988	$	1,088	$	1,304	$	149	$	12,078
Operating Expenses (2)
Benefits and policyholder liability
remeasurement (gain) loss (3)	143		2,732		(785)		–		6		2,096
Interest credited	1,538		909		6		675		32		3,160
Commissions	1,115		442		415		104		–		2,076
General and administrative expenses	495		554		870		340		182		2,441
Interest and debt expense	–		–		–		–		185		185
Other (4)	156		194		153		16		3		522
Total operating expenses	3,447		4,831		659		1,135		408		10,480
Total federal income tax expense (benefit)	172		13		90		20		(49)		246
Total income (loss) from operations	930		144		339		149		(210)		1,352
Reconciliation of total income (loss) from
operations to net income (loss):
Net annuity product features, pre-tax											2,085
Net life insurance product features, pre-tax											(237)
Credit loss-related adjustments, pre-tax											(152)
Investment gains (losses), pre-tax											(311)
Changes in the fair value of
reinsurance-related embedded
derivatives, trading securities and
certain mortgage loans, pre-tax (5)											203
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR, pre-tax											(933)
Gains (losses) on other non-financial assets -
sale of subsidiaries/businesses, pre-tax (6)											481
Other items, pre-tax (7)(8)(9)(10)											(144)
Income tax benefit (expense) related to
the above pre-tax items											(214)
Total net income (loss)											$	2,130

(1)    See table below for reconciliation of total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(2)    The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Inter-segment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

(3)    Group Protection: Reflects day one impacts of the 2024 reinsurance transaction that had no income (loss) from operations impact. See Note 7 for more information.

(4)    Other operating expenses include: Annuities: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; broker-dealer expenses before the sale of the wealth management business in the second quarter of 2024; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs and amortization of deferred loss on business sold through reinsurance. Life Insurance: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs; amortization of deferred loss on business sold through reinsurance and other intangible amortization. Group Protection: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization; other intangible amortization; expenses associated with LOCs and amortization of deferred loss on business sold through reinsurance. Retirement Plan Services: DAC capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with LOCs.

Other Operations: Reimbursements to Other Operations from the Life Insurance segment for the use of proceeds from certain issuances of senior notes that were used as long-term structured solutions, net of expenses incurred by Other Operations for its access to a financing facility and issuance of LOCs.

(5)    Includes primarily changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives related to affiliate reinsurance transactions. For more information, see Note 7.

(6)    For information on the sale of the wealth management business, see Note 1.

(7)    Includes certain legal accruals of $(18) million and regulatory accruals of $(12) million related to estimated state guaranty fund assessments net of estimated state premium tax recoveries associated with the Bankers Life Insurance Company and Colorado Bankers Life Insurance Company insolvencies (see “State Guaranty Fund Assessments” in Note 17 for more information).

(8)    Includes severance expense related to initiatives to realign the workforce of $(74) million.

(9)    Includes transaction and integration costs related to mergers, acquisitions and divestitures of $(29) million.

(10)    Includes deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment of $(11) million.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating Revenues (1)	$	2,625	$	6,362	$	5,560	$	1,290	$	(778)	$	15,059
Operating Expenses (2)
Benefits and policyholder liability
remeasurement (gain) loss (3)	(1,506)		4,103		3,732		–		(871)		5,458
Interest credited	1,254		1,242		5		665		36		3,202
Commissions	972		577		446		87		–		2,082
General and administrative expenses	469		610		846		341		193		2,459
Interest and debt expense	–		–		–		–		190		190
Other (4)	517		18		155		17		4		711
Total operating expenses	1,706		6,550		5,184		1,110		(448)		14,102
Total federal income tax expense (benefit)	79		(62)		79		25		(76)		45
Total income (loss) from operations	840		(126)		297		155		(254)		912
Reconciliation of total income (loss) from
operations to net income (loss) (5):
Net annuity product features, pre-tax											1,640
Net life insurance product features, pre-tax											187
Credit loss-related adjustments, pre-tax											(74)
Investment gains (losses), pre-tax											(4,080)
Changes in the fair value of
reinsurance-related embedded
derivatives, trading securities and
certain mortgage loans, pre-tax											(22)
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR, pre-tax											(923)
Other items, pre-tax (6)(7)(8)(9)											(163)
Income tax benefit (expense) related to
the above pre-tax items											735
Total net income (loss)											$	(1,788)

(1)    See table below for reconciliation of total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(2)    The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Inter-segment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

(3)    Annuities and Other Operations: Reflects the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction ceding of in-force life-contingent payout fixed annuities and institutional pension business that had no income (loss) from operations impact. See Note 7 for more information on the transaction.

(4)    Other operating expenses include: Annuities: Broker-dealer expenses; DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs.

Life Insurance: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs and other intangible amortization. Group Protection: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization; other intangible amortization and expenses associated with LOCs. Retirement Plan Services: DAC capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with LOCs.

Other Operations: Reimbursements to Other Operations from the Life Insurance segment for the use of proceeds from certain issuances of senior notes that were used as long-term structured solutions, net of expenses incurred by Other Operations for its access to a financing facility and issuance of LOCs.

(5)    The prior period presentation was recast to conform to the revised definition of income (loss) from operations.

(6)    Includes certain legal accruals of $(120) million primarily attributable to a fourth quarter 2023 accrual related to the settlement of cost of insurance litigation.

(7)    Includes severance expense related to initiatives to realign the workforce of $(7) million.

(8)    Includes transaction and integration costs related to mergers, acquisitions and divestitures of $(34) million.

(9)    Includes deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment of $(2) million.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating Revenues (1)	$	4,102	$	6,344	$	5,303	$	1,257	$	133	$	17,139
Operating Expenses (2)
Benefits and policyholder liability
remeasurement (gain) loss	252		6,388		3,931		–		69		10,640
Interest credited	896		1,291		5		629		39		2,860
Commissions	1,020		708		394		79		–		2,201
General and administrative expenses	405		552		766		304		212		2,239
Interest and debt expense	–		–		–		–		137		137
Other (3)	453		(118)		156		15		5		511
Total operating expenses	3,026		8,821		5,252		1,027		462		18,588
Total federal income tax expense (benefit)	128		(544)		11		32		(57)		(430)
Total income (loss) from operations	948		(1,933)		40		198		(272)		(1,019)
Reconciliation of total income (loss) from
operations to net income (loss) (4):
Net annuity product features, pre-tax											528
Net life insurance product features, pre-tax											26
Credit loss-related adjustments, pre-tax											(129)
Investment gains (losses), pre-tax											19
Changes in the fair value of
reinsurance-related embedded
derivatives, trading securities and
certain mortgage loans, pre-tax											588
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR, pre-tax											(932)
Impairment of intangibles (5)											(634)
Other items, pre-tax (6)(7)											(129)
Income tax benefit (expense) related to
the above pre-tax items											7
Total net income (loss)											$	(1,675)

(1)    See table below for reconciliation of total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(2)    The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Inter-segment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

(3)    Other operating expenses include: Annuities: Broker-dealer expenses; DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs.

Life Insurance: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs and other intangible amortization.

Group Protection: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization; other intangible amortization and expenses associated with LOCs.

Retirement Plan Services: DAC capitalization and amortization and taxes, licenses and fees.

Other Operations: Reimbursements to Other Operations from the Life Insurance segment for the use of proceeds from certain issuances of senior notes that were used as long-term structured solutions, net of expenses incurred by Other Operations for its access to a financing facility and issuance of LOCs.

(4)    The prior period presentation was recast to conform to the revised definition of income (loss) from operations.

(5)    See Note 8 for more information.

(6)    Includes certain legal accruals of $(147) million.

(7)    Includes deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment of $18 million.

The tables below reconcile our total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in millions):

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection (1)		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating revenues	$	4,549	$	4,988	$	1,088	$	1,304	$	149	$	12,078
Revenue adjustments from annuity and life
insurance product features	1,175		(253)		–		–		–		922
Credit loss-related adjustments	(71)		(10)		(4)		(32)		(35)		(152)
Investment gains (losses)	(13)		9		(8)		(70)		(229)		(311)
Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-
related embedded derivatives, trading
securities and certain mortgage loans	104		87		(10)		–		22		203
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR	(932)		–		–		(1)		–		(933)
Gains (losses) on other non-financial assets -
sale of subsidiaries/businesses	–		–		–		–		481		481
Total revenues	$	4,812	$	4,821	$	1,066	$	1,201	$	388	$	12,288

(1)    Includes day one impacts pertaining to the 2024 reinsurance transaction. For more information, see Note 7.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Annuities (1)		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations (1)		Total
Operating revenues	$	2,625	$	6,362	$	5,560	$	1,290	$	(778)	$	15,059
Revenue adjustments from annuity and life
insurance product features	509		(411)		–		1		–		99
Credit loss-related adjustments	(14)		(49)		(4)		(1)		(6)		(74)
Investment gains (losses)	(78)		(3,867)		(6)		(35)		(94)		(4,080)
Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-
related embedded derivatives, trading
securities and certain mortgage loans	(76)		55		–		–		(1)		(22)
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR	(922)		–		–		(1)		–		(923)
Total revenues (1)	$	2,044	$	2,090	$	5,550	$	1,254	$	(879)	$	10,059

(1)    Includes ceded insurance premiums primarily related to the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction. For more information, see Note 7.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating revenues	$	4,102	$	6,344	$	5,303	$	1,257	$	133	$	17,139
Revenue adjustments from annuity and life
insurance product features	838		34		–		–		–		872
Credit loss-related adjustments	(10)		(124)		3		(3)		5		(129)
Investment gains (losses)	(20)		83		(3)		(13)		(28)		19
Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-
related embedded derivatives, trading
securities and certain mortgage loans	84		508		–		–		(4)		588
GLB rider fees ceded to LNBAR	(931)		–		–		(1)		–		(932)
Total revenues	$	4,063	$	6,845	$	5,303	$	1,240	$	106	$	17,557

Other business segment and Other Operations information (in millions) was as follows:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Net Investment Income
Annuities	$	1,820	$	1,744	$	1,387
Life Insurance	1,852		2,515		2,464
Group Protection	337		336		333
Retirement Plan Services	986		999		966
Other Operations	93		118		124
Total net investment income	$	5,088	$	5,712	$	5,274