The following summarizes reinsurance amounts (in millions) recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), excluding amounts attributable to the indemnity reinsurance agreements with Protective and Swiss Re:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Direct insurance premiums and fee income	$	14,052	$	13,661	$	13,479
Reinsurance assumed	90		91		102
Reinsurance ceded (1)	(7,790)		(5,168)		(2,374)
Total insurance premiums and fee income	$	6,352	$	8,584	$	11,207

Direct insurance benefits	$	10,845	$	10,178	$	10,266
Reinsurance ceded (1)	(8,745)		(5,150)		(2,063)
Total benefits	$	2,100	$	5,028	$	8,203

Direct market risk benefit (gain) loss	$	(2,819)	$	(2,309)	$	(3,517)
Reinsurance ceded	1,881		1,174		3,814
Total market risk benefit (gain) loss	$	(938)	$	(1,135)	$	296

Direct policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	$	35	$	(234)	$	3,284
Reinsurance ceded	(55)		67		(839)
Total policyholder liability remeasurement (gain) loss	$	(20)	$	(167)	$	2,445

We and LLANY cede insurance to other companies. The portion of our annuity and life insurance risks exceeding each of our insurance companies’ retention limit is reinsured with other insurers. We seek reinsurance coverage to limit our exposure to mortality losses and to enhance our capital management. Reinsurance does not discharge us from our primary obligation to contract holders for losses incurred under the policies we issue. We evaluate each reinsurance agreement to determine whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability. As discussed in Note 2 5, a portion of this reinsurance activity is with affiliated companies.

As of December 31, 2024, the policy for our reinsurance program was to retain no more than $20 million on a single insured life, with the retention on most policies being significantly below that. As the amount we retain varies by policy, we reinsured 25% of the mortality risk on newly issued life insurance contracts in 2024.

We focus on obtaining reinsurance from a diverse group of reinsurers, and we monitor concentration as well as financial strength ratings of our reinsurers. Significant reinsurance agreements are discussed below.

In 2024, we entered into a reinsurance agreement with Lincoln Pinehurst Reinsurance Company (Bermuda) Limited (“LPINE”), an affiliated reinsurer, to reinsure certain blocks of in-force group protection and fixed annuity products.

This agreement is structured as coinsurance with funds withheld. As significant insurance risk was transferred for the group protection block, amounts recoverable from LPINE were $3.7 billion as of December 31, 2024. We reported a deferred loss of $14 million as of December 31, 2024. Fixed annuities are not life-contingent and do not contain significant insurance risk; therefore, we reported deposit assets of $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2024. In this coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement, we as the ceding company withhold, and therefore retain, the assets backing the reserves and deposit assets.

We held investments with a carrying value of $11.5 billion in support of reserves associated with the LPINE transaction in a funds withheld arrangement as of December 31, 2024, which consisted of the following (in millions):

We reinsure blocks of business to LNBAR, an affiliated reinsurer. Effective October 1, 2023, we entered into an agreement with LNBAR that is structured as a coinsurance treaty, with some assets withheld, for certain blocks of in-force MoneyGuard® products. As significant insurance risk was transferred for the MoneyGuard blocks, amounts recoverable from LNBAR were $14.2 billion and $13.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We reported a deferred gain on the transaction of $4.1 billion and $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We amortized $159 million and $14 million of the deferred gain during 2024 and 2023, respectively. We held other investments and cash and invested cash with a carrying value of $1.4 billion and $871 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in support of reserves associated with this agreement.

LNBAR has funded trusts to support reserves ceded by us of which the balance in the trusts changes as a result of ongoing reinsurance activity and totaled $12.2 billion and $13.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Effective October 1, 2023, we entered into a reinsurance agreement with Fortitude Re, an authorized Bermuda reinsurer with reciprocal jurisdiction reinsurer status in Indiana, to reinsure certain blocks of in-force UL with secondary guarantees (“ULSG”) and fixed annuity products, including group pension annuities. Fortitude Re represents our largest unaffiliated reinsurance exposure as of December 31, 2024.

The agreement between us and Fortitude Re is structured as a coinsurance treaty for the ULSG and fixed annuities blocks. As significant insurance risk was transferred for ULSG products and life-contingent annuities, amounts recoverable from Fortitude Re were $10.6 billion and $10.5 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We reported a deferred loss on the transaction of $2.6 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We amortized $90 million and $11 million of the deferred loss during 2024 and 2023, respectively. Annuities that are not life-contingent do not contain significant insurance risk; therefore, we reported deposit assets for these contracts of $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Effective October 1, 2021, we entered into a reinsurance agreement with Security Life of Denver Insurance Company (a subsidiary of Resolution Life that we refer to herein as “Resolution Life”) to reinsure liabilities under a block of in-force executive benefit and universal life policies. The agreement is structured as coinsurance for the general account reserves and modified coinsurance for the separate account reserves. Amounts recoverable from Resolution Life were $4.9 billion and $5.0 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Resolution Life has funded trusts, the balances of which change as a result of ongoing reinsurance activity to support the business ceded, that totaled $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Effective January 15, 2020, we entered into a coinsurance agreement with Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company (“Commonwealth”) to reinsure fixed annuity products, which resulted in a net deposit asset of $9.5 billion and $6.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Commonwealth has funded trusts, the balances of which change as a result of ongoing reinsurance activity to support the business ceded, that totaled $9.0 billion and $5.9 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The sale of individual life and individual and group annuity business acquired from Liberty Life Assurance Company of Boston completed May 1, 2018 resulted in amounts recoverable from Protective of $8.4 billion and $9.1 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Protective has funded trusts, the balances of which change as a result of ongoing reinsurance activity to support the business ceded, that totaled $9.9 billion and $10.5 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Effective October 1, 2018, we entered into a modified coinsurance agreement with Athene Holding Ltd. (“Athene”) to reinsure fixed annuity products, which resulted in a deposit asset of $2.1 billion and $2.7 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We held assets in support of reserves associated with the Athene transaction in a modified coinsurance investment portfolio, which consisted of the following (in millions):


	As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Fixed maturity AFS securities	$	142	$	177
Trading securities	1,385		1,556
Equity securities	42		58
Mortgage loans on real estate	232		288
Derivative investments	46		43
Other investments	54		41
Cash and invested cash	147		582
Accrued investment income	18		23
Other assets	1		6
Total	$	2,067	$	2,774

The portfolio was supported by $61 million of over-collateralization and a $63 million LOC as of December 31, 2024. Additionally, we recorded a deferred gain on business sold through reinsurance related to the transaction with Athene and amortized $26 million, $33 million and $25 million of the gain during 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our reinsurance operations were acquired by Swiss Re in December 2001 through a series of indemnity reinsurance transactions. As such, Swiss Re reinsured certain liabilities and obligations under the indemnity reinsurance agreements. As we are not relieved of our liability to the ceding companies for this business, the liabilities and obligations associated with the reinsured policies remain on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding reinsurance recoverable from Swiss Re, which totaled $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Swiss Re has funded a trust, with a balance of $617 million and $656 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to support this business. In addition to various remedies that we would have in the event of a default by Swiss Re, we continue to hold assets in support of certain of the transferred reserves. These assets consist of those reported as trading securities and certain mortgage loans.

In connection with our recognition of an allowance for credit losses for reinsurance-related assets, we perform a quantitative analysis using a probability of loss approach to estimate expected credit losses for reinsurance recoverables, inclusive of similar assets recognized using the deposit method of accounting. Our allowance for credit losses was $95 million and $76 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.