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Investments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Investments [Abstract]  
Investments

4. Investments

Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Allowance

Amortized

Gross Unrealized

for Credit

Fair

Cost

Gains

Losses

Losses

Value

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

88,950

$

763

$

10,538

$

9

$

79,166

U.S. government bonds

377

5

31

-

351

State and municipal bonds

5,198

170

483

-

4,885

Foreign government bonds

339

17

45

-

311

RMBS

2,025

21

203

7

1,836

CMBS

1,908

3

244

-

1,667

ABS

11,791

37

925

4

10,899

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

356

25

30

1

350

Total fixed maturity AFS securities

$

110,944

$

1,041

$

12,499

$

21

$

99,465

As of December 31, 2021

Allowance

Amortized

Gross Unrealized

for Credit

Fair

Cost

Gains

Losses

Losses

Value

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

86,197

$

11,569

$

326

$

17

$

97,423

U.S. government bonds

348

54

2

-

400

State and municipal bonds

5,113

1,275

11

-

6,377

Foreign government bonds

365

63

5

-

423

RMBS

2,132

178

4

1

2,305

CMBS

1,542

62

14

-

1,590

ABS

8,433

127

54

-

8,506

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

396

103

11

1

487

Total fixed maturity AFS securities

$

104,526

$

13,431

$

427

$

19

$

117,511

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) as of December 31, 2022, were as follows:

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

Due in one year or less

$

3,239

$

3,205

Due after one year through five years

17,545

16,716

Due after five years through ten years

18,985

17,177

Due after ten years

55,451

47,965

Subtotal

95,220

85,063

Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS, ABS)

15,724

14,402

Total fixed maturity AFS securities

$

110,944

$

99,465

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity AFS securities (dollars in millions) for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Less Than or Equal

Greater Than

to Twelve Months

Twelve Months

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses (1)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

57,656

$

8,684

$

6,867

$

1,854

$

64,523

$

10,538

U.S. government bonds

236

25

27

6

263

31

State and municipal bonds

1,850

414

227

69

2,077

483

Foreign government bonds

122

18

58

27

180

45

RMBS

1,337

160

191

43

1,528

203

CMBS

1,224

156

312

88

1,536

244

ABS

6,712

551

3,325

374

10,037

925

Hybrid and redeemable

preferred securities

61

5

98

25

159

30

Total fixed maturity AFS securities

$

69,198

$

10,013

$

11,105

$

2,486

$

80,303

$

12,499

Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position

8,106

As of December 31, 2021

Less Than or Equal

Greater Than

to Twelve Months

Twelve Months

Total

Gross

Gross

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses (1)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

10,611

$

230

$

1,386

$

96

$

11,997

$

326

U.S. government bonds

6

-

26

2

32

2

State and municipal bonds

498

10

19

1

517

11

Foreign government bonds

61

3

56

2

117

5

RMBS

261

3

20

1

281

4

CMBS

440

12

33

2

473

14

ABS

4,646

49

165

5

4,811

54

Hybrid and redeemable

preferred securities

47

1

76

10

123

11

Total fixed maturity AFS securities

$

16,570

$

308

$

1,781

$

119

$

18,351

$

427

Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position

2,577

(1)As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $6 million and $8 million of gross unrealized losses, respectively, in OCI for fixed maturity AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded.

The fair value, gross unrealized losses (in millions) and number of fixed maturity AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20% were as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Gross

Number

Fair

Unrealized

of

Value

Losses

Securities (1)

Less than six months

$

10,895

$

3,514

1,489

Six months or greater, but less than nine months

4,256

2,150

640

Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months

362

243

73

Twelve months or greater

2

-

15

Total

$

15,515

$

5,907

2,217

As of December 31, 2021

Gross

Number

Fair

Unrealized

of

Value

Losses

Securities (1)

Less than six months

$

12

$

3

6

Twelve months or greater

58

8

24

Total

$

70

$

11

30

(1)We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.

Our gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity AFS securities increased by $12.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022. As discussed further below, we believe the unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2022, did not require an impairment recognized in earnings as (i) we did not intend to sell these fixed maturity AFS securities; (ii) it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the fixed maturity AFS securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis; and (iii) the difference in the fair value compared to the amortized cost was due to factors other than credit loss. Based upon this evaluation as of December 31, 2022, management believes we have the ability to generate adequate amounts of cash from our normal operations (e.g., insurance premiums, fee income and investment income) to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety without requiring the sale of our impaired securities.

As of December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our corporate bond, U.S. government bond, state and municipal bond and foreign government bond securities were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We performed a detailed analysis of the financial performance of the underlying issuers and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security. Securities rated investment grade (those rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”)) are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 96% of the fair value of our corporate bond portfolio was rated investment grade. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the portion of our corporate bond portfolio rated below investment grade had an amortized cost of $3.5 billion, and a fair value of $3.3 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively. Based upon the analysis discussed above, we believe that as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we would have recovered the amortized cost of each corporate bond.

As of December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our MBS and ABS were attributable primarily to rising interest rates and widening credit spreads since purchase. We assessed for credit impairment using a cash flow model that incorporates key assumptions including default rates, severities and prepayment rates. We estimated losses for a security by forecasting the underlying loans in each transaction. The forecasted loan performance was used to project cash flows to the various tranches in the structure, as applicable. Our forecasted cash flows also considered, as applicable, independent industry analyst reports and forecasts and other independent market data. Based upon our assessment of the expected credit losses of the security given the performance of the underlying collateral compared to our subordination or other credit enhancement, we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

As of December 31, 2022, the unrealized losses associated with our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities were attributable primarily to wider credit spreads caused by illiquidity in the market and subordination within the capital structure, as well as credit risk of underlying issuers. For our hybrid and redeemable preferred securities, we evaluated the financial performance of the underlying issuers based upon credit performance and investment ratings and determined that we expected to recover the entire amortized cost of each impaired security.

Credit Loss Impairment on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

We regularly review our fixed maturity AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be impairment-related, including those attributable to credit risk factors that may require an allowance for credit losses. See Note 1 for a detailed discussion regarding our accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses on our fixed maturity AFS securities.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category, were as follows:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Corporate

Bonds

RMBS

Other

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

17

$

1

$

1

$

19

Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)

-

-

-

-

Additions for securities for which credit losses were not

previously recognized

4

3

-

7

Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses

were previously recognized

2

3

4

9

Reductions for securities disposed

(2

)

-

-

(2

)

Reductions for securities charged-off

(12

)

-

-

(12

)

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

9

$

7

$

5

$

21

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Corporate

Bonds

RMBS

Other

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

12

$

1

$

-

$

13

Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)

-

-

-

-

Additions for securities for which credit losses were not

previously recognized

8

-

1

9

Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses

were previously recognized

5

-

-

5

Reductions for securities disposed

(2

)

-

-

(2

)

Reductions for securities charged-off

(6

)

-

-

(6

)

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

17

$

1

$

1

$

19

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Corporate

Bonds

RMBS

Other

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

-

Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)

-

-

-

-

Additions for securities for which credit losses were not

previously recognized

40

1

1

42

Additions (reductions) for securities for which credit losses

were previously recognized

(1

)

-

(1

)

(2

)

Reductions for securities disposed

(15

)

-

-

(15

)

Reductions for securities charged-off

(12

)

-

-

(12

)

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

12

$

1

$

-

$

13

(1)Represents purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) fixed maturity AFS securities.

(2)As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, accrued investment income on fixed maturity AFS securities totaled $1.1 billion, $944 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Trading Securities

Trading securities at fair value (in millions) consisted of the following:

As of December 31,

2022

2021

Fixed maturity securities:

Corporate bonds

$

2,196

$

2,679

U.S. government bonds

-

32

State and municipal bonds

21

27

Foreign government bonds

49

73

RMBS

99

95

CMBS

137

137

ABS

919

1,338

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

25

46

Total trading securities

$

3,446

$

4,427

The portion of the market adjustment for trading gains and losses recognized in realized gain (loss) that relate to trading securities still held as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $(628) million, $(48) million and $117 million, respectively.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The following provides the current and past due composition of our mortgage loans on real estate (in millions):

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Commercial

Residential

Total

Commercial

Residential

Total

Current

$

16,913

$

1,315

$

18,228

$

17,068

$

837

$

17,905

30 to 59 days past due

19

23

42

15

21

36

60 to 89 days past due

-

6

6

-

5

5

90 or more days past due

-

33

33

-

29

29

Allowance for credit losses

(83

)

(15

)

(98

)

(78

)

(17

)

(95

)

Unamortized premium (discount)

(9

)

36

27

(11

)

27

16

Mark-to-market gains (losses) (1)

(27

)

-

(27

)

(3

)

-

(3

)

Total carrying value

$

16,813

$

1,398

$

18,211

$

16,991

$

902

$

17,893

(1)Represents the mark-to-market on certain mortgage loans on real estate for which we have elected the fair value option. See Note 20 for additional information.

Our commercial mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California, which accounted for 28% and 26% of commercial mortgage loans on real estate as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and Texas, which accounted for 9% of commercial mortgage loans on real estate as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

As of December 31, 2022, our residential mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California and New Jersey, which accounted for 17% and 12% of residential mortgage loans on real estate, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, our residential mortgage loan portfolio had the largest concentrations in California and Florida, which accounted for 22% and 14% of residential mortgage loans on real estate, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had 73 and 65 residential mortgage loans, respectively, that were either delinquent or in foreclosure. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had 49 and 34 residential mortgage loans in foreclosure, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $21 million and $15 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were two and four specifically identified impaired commercial mortgage loans, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of less than $1 million and $1 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were 37 and 50 specifically identified impaired residential mortgage loans, respectively, with an aggregate carrying value of $16 million and $22 million, respectively.

Additional information related to impaired mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) was as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Average aggregate carrying value for impaired mortgage loans on real estate

$

16

$

32

$

21

Interest income recognized on impaired mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

-

Interest income collected on impaired mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

-

The amortized cost of mortgage loans on real estate on nonaccrual status (in millions) was as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Nonaccrual

Nonaccrual

with no

with no

Allowance

Allowance

for Credit

for Credit

Losses

Nonaccrual

Losses

Nonaccrual

Commercial mortgage loans on real estate

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

-

Residential mortgage loans on real estate

-

34

-

30

Total

$

-

$

34

$

-

$

30

We use loan-to-value and debt-service coverage ratios as credit quality indicators for our commercial mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans on real estate (dollars in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Debt-

Debt-

Debt-

Service

Service

Service

Less

Coverage

65%

Coverage

Greater

Coverage

than 65%

Ratio

to 75%

Ratio

than 75%

Ratio

Total

Origination Year

2022

$

1,769

2.06

$

105

1.50

$

2

1.45

$

1,876

2021

2,335

3.05

72

1.53

-

-

2,407

2020

1,280

2.99

17

1.58

-

-

1,297

2019

2,643

2.17

81

1.50

29

1.58

2,753

2018

2,222

2.17

67

1.62

-

-

2,289

2017 and prior

6,170

2.44

131

1.75

-

-

6,301

Total

$

16,419

$

473

$

31

$

16,923

As of December 31, 2021

Debt-

Debt-

Debt-

Service

Service

Service

Less

Coverage

65%

Coverage

Greater

Coverage

than 65%

Ratio

to 75%

Ratio

than 75%

Ratio

Total

Origination Year

2021

$

2,361

3.05

$

136

1.74

$

-

-

$

2,497

2020

1,349

3.02

144

2.06

-

-

1,493

2019

2,875

2.14

187

1.42

-

-

3,062

2018

2,272

2.13

168

1.59

15

1.02

2,455

2017

1,648

2.33

149

1.74

27

0.83

1,824

2016 and prior

5,543

2.41

171

1.76

27

1.08

5,741

Total

$

16,048

$

955

$

69

$

17,072

We use loan performance status as the primary credit quality indicator for our residential mortgage loans on real estate. The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Performing

Nonperforming

Total

Origination Year

2022

$

578

$

5

$

583

2021

527

6

533

2020

90

3

93

2019

119

18

137

2018

65

2

67

2017 and prior

-

-

-

Total

$

1,379

$

34

$

1,413

As of December 31, 2021

Performing

Nonperforming

Total

Origination Year

2021

$

467

$

2

$

469

2020

129

2

131

2019

189

21

210

2018

104

5

109

2017

-

-

-

2016 and prior

-

-

-

Total

$

889

$

30

$

919


Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

In connection with our recognition of an allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans on real estate, we perform a quantitative analysis using a probability of default/loss given default/exposure at default approach to estimate expected credit losses in our mortgage loan portfolio as well as unfunded commitments related to commercial mortgage loans, exclusive of certain mortgage loans held at fair value. See Note 1 for a detailed discussion regarding our accounting policy relating to the allowance for credit losses on our mortgage loans on real estate.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) were as follows:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Commercial

Residential

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

78

$

17

$

95

Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1)

5

(2

)

3

Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

-

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

83

$

15

$

98

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Commercial

Residential

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

186

$

17

$

203

Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1)

(108

)

-

(108

)

Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

-

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

78

$

17

$

95

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Commercial

Residential

Total

Balance as of beginning-of-year

$

-

$

2

$

2

Impact of adopting new accounting standard

61

26

87

Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss expense (1)

125

(11

)

114

Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on real estate

-

-

-

Balance as of end-of-year (2)

$

186

$

17

$

203

(1)We did not recognize any credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the year ended December 31, 2022. We recognized $3 million and $(2) million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)Accrued investment income on mortgage loans on real estate totaled $51 million, $48 million and $48 million as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

Alternative Investments 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, alternative investments included investments in 328 and 305 different partnerships, respectively, and represented approximately 2% of total investments.

Net Investment Income

The major categories of net investment income (in millions) on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) were as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Fixed maturity AFS securities

$

4,408

$

4,242

$

4,241

Trading securities

179

165

198

Equity securities

11

3

3

Mortgage loans on real estate

687

677

674

Policy loans

100

115

125

Cash and invested cash

12

-

13

Commercial mortgage loan prepayment

and bond make-whole premiums

100

195

78

Alternative investments

96

677

218

Consent fees

8

10

5

Other investments

75

60

42

Investment income

5,676

6,144

5,597

Investment expense

(406

)

(300

)

(333

)

Net investment income

$

5,270

$

5,844

$

5,264

Impairments on Fixed Maturity AFS Securities

Details underlying credit loss benefit (expense) incurred as a result of impairments that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized gain (loss) on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Credit Loss Benefit (Expense)

Fixed maturity AFS securities:

Corporate bonds

$

(4

)

$

(10

)

$

(24

)

RMBS

(6

)

-

(1

)

ABS

(4

)

-

-

Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities

-

(1

)

-

Gross credit loss benefit (expense)

(14

)

(11

)

(25

)

Associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL

-

-

1

Net credit loss benefit (expense)

$

(14

)

$

(11

)

$

(24

)

Payables for Collateral on Investments

The carrying value of the payables for collateral on investments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the related investments or collateral (in millions) consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Carrying

Fair

Carrying

Fair

Value

Value

Value

Value

Collateral payable for derivative investments (1)

$

3,210

$

3,210

$

5,565

$

5,565

Securities pledged under securities lending agreements (2)

298

287

241

235

Investments pledged for FHLBI (3)

3,130

3,925

3,130

4,876

Total payables for collateral on investments

$

6,638

$

7,422

$

8,936

$

10,676

(1)We obtain collateral based upon contractual provisions with our counterparties. These agreements take into consideration the counterparties’ credit rating as compared to ours, the fair value of the derivative investments and specified thresholds that if exceeded result in the receipt of cash that is typically invested in cash and invested cash. This also includes interest payable on collateral. See Note 5 for additional information.

(2)Our pledged securities under securities lending agreements are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of the domestic and foreign securities, respectively. We value collateral daily and obtain additional collateral when deemed appropriate. The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.

(3)Our pledged investments for FHLBI are included in fixed maturity AFS securities and mortgage loans on real estate on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The collateral requirements are generally 105% to 115% of the fair value for fixed maturity AFS securities and 155% to 175% of the fair value for mortgage loans on real estate. The cash received in these transactions is primarily invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.

We have repurchase agreements through which we can obtain liquidity by pledging securities. The collateral requirements are generally 80% to 95% of the fair value of the securities, and our agreements with third parties contain contractual provisions to allow for additional collateral to be obtained when necessary. The cash received in our repurchase program is typically invested in fixed maturity AFS securities. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we were not participating in any open repurchase agreements.

Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments (in millions) consisted of the following:

For the Years Ended December 31,

2022

2021

2020

Collateral payable for derivative investments

$

(2,355

)

$

2,595

$

1,587

Securities pledged under securities lending agreements

57

126

1

Investments pledged for FHLBI

-

-

(450

)

Total increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments

$

(2,298

)

$

2,721

$

1,138

We have elected not to offset our securities lending transactions in the consolidated financial statements. The remaining contractual maturities of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (in millions) were as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

Overnight and Continuous

Up to 30 Days

30 - 90 Days

Greater Than 90 Days

Total

Securities Lending

Corporate bonds

$

288

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

288

Foreign government bonds

2

-

-

-

2

Equity securities

8

-

-

-

8

Total gross secured borrowings

$

298

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

298

As of December 31, 2021

Overnight and Continuous

Up to 30 Days

30 - 90 Days

Greater Than 90 Days

Total

Securities Lending

Corporate bonds

$

239

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

239

Foreign government bonds

1

-

-

-

1

Equity securities

1

-

-

-

1

Total gross secured borrowings

$

241

$

-

$

-

$

-

$

241

We accept collateral in the form of securities in connection with repurchase agreements. In instances where we are permitted to sell or re-pledge the securities received, we report the fair value of the collateral received and a related obligation to return the collateral in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we receive securities in connection with securities borrowing agreements that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of all collateral received that we are permitted to sell or re-pledge was $25 million, and we had re-pledged all of this collateral to cover initial margin and over-the-counter collateral requirements on certain derivative investments.

Investment Commitments

As of December 31, 2022, our investment commitments were $2.3 billion, which included $1.8 billion of LPs, $298 million of private placement securities and $226 million of mortgage loans on real estate.

Concentrations of Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2022, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $1.0 billion and $702 million, respectively, or 1% of total investments. As of December 31, 2021, our most significant investments in one issuer were our investments in securities issued by White Chapel LLC and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $995 million and $910 million, respectively, or 1% of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our most significant investments in one industry were our investments in securities in the financial services industry with a fair value of $19.2 billion and $21.7 billion, respectively, or 15% and 14%, respectively, of total investments, and our investments in securities in the consumer non-cyclical industry with a fair value of $14.3 billion and $18.6 billion, respectively, or 11% and 12%, respectively, of total investments. These concentrations include fixed maturity AFS, trading and equity securities.