Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The U.S. dollar ("USD") is our reporting currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts are expressed in USD. For our consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the USD, we translate their financial statements into USD at the time we consolidate those subsidiaries’ financial statements. Generally, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are included in 'Accumulated other comprehensive income' ("AOCI") on our consolidated balance sheets. Certain balance sheet items, primarily equity and capital-related accounts, are reflected at the historical exchange rate. Income statement accounts are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries have intercompany and third-party debt that is not denominated in our functional currency. When the debt is remeasured to the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss can result. The resulting adjustment is reflected in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. In the statement of cash flows, cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the respective cash flows or at average exchange rates for the period, depending on the nature of the cash flow items. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily an indication of the results that may be expected for the entire year. Readers of this quarterly report should refer to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are included in our 2024 annual report on Form 10-K, as certain disclosures that would substantially duplicate those contained in the audited financial statements have not been included in this report.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Realty Income and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We evaluate whether we have a controlling financial interest in an entity in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation. Voting interest entities ("VOEs") are entities considered to have sufficient equity at risk and which the equity holders have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities. We consolidate voting interest entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, which we typically have through holding of a majority of the entity’s voting equity interests.
Variable Interest Entities	Variable interest entities ("VIEs") are entities that lack sufficient equity at risk or where the equity holders either do not have the obligation to absorb losses, do not have the right to receive residual returns, do not have the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities, or some combination of the above. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an entity has a variable interest, or a combination of variable interests, that provides the entity with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. An entity that meets both conditions above is deemed the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. We reassess our initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. We reassess our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We believe we have qualified and continue to qualify as a REIT. Under the REIT operating structure, we are permitted to deduct dividends paid to our stockholders in determining our taxable income. Assuming our dividends equal or exceed our taxable net income in the U.S., we generally will not be required to pay U.S. income taxes on such income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, except for federal income taxes of our taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRS"). A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that is subject to federal, state and local income taxes, as applicable. Our use of TRS entities enables us to engage in certain business activities while complying with the REIT qualification requirements and to retain any income generated by these businesses for reinvestment without the requirement to distribute those earnings. We are liable for taxes in our applicable international territories and have made the appropriate provisions in those territories. Therefore, the income taxes recorded in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income represent amounts for U.S. income taxes on our TRS entities, city and state income and franchise taxes, as well as income taxes for the applicable international territories. We recognize deferred income tax in our taxable subsidiaries, including certain international jurisdictions. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are generally the result of temporary differences between book and tax accounting, such as timing differences caused by different useful lives used for depreciation. We provide for a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets if we believe some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. We had $3.5 million of net deferred tax liabilities as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which are reported in 'Other liabilities' on our consolidated balance sheets. Earnings and profits that determine the taxability of distributions to stockholders differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes primarily due to differences in the estimated useful lives and methods used to compute depreciation and the carrying value (basis) of the investments in properties for tax purposes, among other things. We regularly analyze our various international, federal and state filing positions and only recognize the income tax effect in our financial statements when certain criteria regarding uncertain income tax positions have been met. We believe that our income tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination by all relevant taxing authorities. Therefore, no provisions for uncertain tax positions have been recorded on our consolidated financial statements.
Lease Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable	Lease Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable. The majority of our leases are accounted for as operating leases. Under this method, leases that have fixed and determinable rent increases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Any rental revenue contingent upon a client’s sales, or percentage rent, is recognized only after such client exceeds its sales breakpoint. Rental increases based upon changes in the consumer price indices are recognized only after the changes in the indexes have occurred and are then applied according to the lease agreements. Contractually obligated rental revenue from our clients for recoverable real estate taxes and operating expenses are included in contractually obligated reimbursements by our clients, a component of rental revenue, in the period when such costs are incurred. Taxes and operating expenses paid directly by our clients are recorded on a net basis. Other revenue includes certain property-related revenue not included in rental revenue and interest income recognized on financing receivables for certain leases with above-market terms. We assess the probability of collecting substantially all of the lease payments to which we are entitled under the original lease contract as required under ASC 842, Leases. We assess the collectability of our future lease payments based on an analysis of creditworthiness, economic trends and other facts and circumstances related to the applicable clients. If we conclude the collection of substantially all of lease payments under a lease is less than probable, rental revenue recognized for that lease is limited to cash received going forward, existing operating lease receivables, including those related to straight-line rental revenue, must be written off as an adjustment to rental revenue, and no further operating lease receivables are recorded for that lease until such future determination is made that substantially all lease payments under that lease are now considered probable. If we subsequently conclude that the collection of substantially all lease payments under a lease is probable, a reversal of lease receivables previously written off is recognized. In addition to the client-specific collectability assessment conducted, we may also recognize a general allowance, as a reduction to rental revenue, for our operating lease receivables which are not expected to be fully collectible. We had $4.4 million of general allowance as of March 31, 2025. There was no general allowance as of December 31, 2024.
Loans Receivable and Financing Receivables	Loans Receivable. Our acquired loans are classified as held for investment and are carried at their amortized cost basis. We recognize interest income on loans receivable using a method that approximates the effective-interest method. Direct costs associated with originating loans, along with any premium or discount, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. When management identifies the full recovery of the contractually specified payments of principal and interest of a loan is less than probable, we evaluate the expected loss amount and place it on non-accrual status. We have made an accounting policy election to record accrued interest on our loan portfolio separate from our loan receivable and other lending investments. These loans and the related interest receivable are presented in 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets. Financing Receivables. For properties we acquire that qualify as sale-leaseback transactions and for which the purchase price is in excess of the fair value of the real estate acquired, the difference is accounted for as financing receivables, presented within 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets. Rent payments are allocated between rental income and the financing receivable. Interest income on the financing receivable is recognized using the interest rate implicit in the leaseback and presented within 'Other' revenue in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Allowance for Credit Losses	Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses, which is recorded as a reduction to loans receivable and financing receivable within 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets, is measured using a probability of default method based on our clients' respective credit ratings, our historical experience, and the expected value of the underlying collateral upon its repossession. If we determine a financing receivable no longer shares risk characteristics with other financing receivables in the pool, we evaluate the financing receivable for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Included in our model are factors that incorporate forward-looking information. Changes in our allowance for credit losses are presented in 'Provisions for impairment' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For further details, see note 6, Investments in Loans and Financing Receivables.
Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted. In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, requiring all public business entities to provide additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial statement disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, to enhance income tax disclosures, provide more information about tax risks and opportunities present in worldwide operations, and to disaggregate existing income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial statement disclosures.
Derivative Instruments	Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to sell GBP and EUR and buy USD to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with interest payments on intercompany loans denominated in GBP and EUR. Forward points on the forward contracts are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. We also execute variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and use interest rate swaption agreements to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements associated with our term loans or forecasted transactions. When it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the specific time period or within an additional two-month period thereafter, the net derivative instrument gain or loss and any gains and losses that were reported in AOCI pursuant to the hedge of a forecasted transaction are recognized immediately in earnings through the caption entitled 'Interest' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Fair Value Hedges Periodically, we enter into and designate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk by managing our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. These swaps involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts for variable interest rate payments over the life of the swaps without exchange of the underlying principal amount. We also designate some of our cross-currency swaps as fair value hedges as we use them to hedge foreign currency risk associated with changes in spot rates on foreign-denominated debt. For these hedging instruments, we have elected to exclude the change in fair value of the cross-currency swaps related to both time value and cross-currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (the "excluded component"). Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps attributable to these excluded components are recorded to other comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' on a systematic and rational basis, as net cash settlements and interest accruals on the respective cross currency swaps occur, over the remaining life of the hedging instruments. Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Net Investment Hedges To mitigate the foreign currency exchange rate variations associated with our investment in EUR-denominated foreign operations, we may enter into derivative instruments, such as cross-currency swaps that qualify as net investment hedges under the criteria prescribed in accordance with ASC 815-20, Hedging - General. We use the spot method of assessing hedge effectiveness and apply the consistent election to the excluded component by recognizing changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments attributable to the excluded component in the same manner as described above. Any difference between the change in the fair value of the excluded components and the amounts recognized in earnings is reported in other comprehensive income as part of the foreign cumulative translation adjustment. The gain or loss on the portion of the derivative instruments included in the assessment of effectiveness is reported in other comprehensive income as part of the 'Foreign currency translation adjustment' line item, to the extent the relationship is highly effective. If our net investment changes during a reporting period, the hedge relationship will be assessed for whether a de-designation is warranted (only if the hedge notional amount is outside of prescribed tolerance). Further, certain EUR-denominated bonds and borrowings under our revolving credit facility and term loans may be also designated as, and are effective as, net investment hedges. Changes in the value of such borrowings, related to changes in the spot rates, will be recorded in the same manner as foreign currency translation adjustments. As of March 31, 2025, the total principal amount of foreign currency debt obligations designated as net investment hedges was $106.8 million. Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments We enter into foreign currency exchange swap agreements to reduce the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations between the USD, our reporting currency, and GBP and EUR. These derivative contracts generally mature within one year and are not designated as hedge instruments for accounting purposes. As the currency exchange swap is not accounted for as a hedging instrument, the change in fair value is recorded in earnings through the caption entitled 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Basis of Presentation. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The U.S. dollar ("USD") is our reporting currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts are expressed in USD.

For our consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the USD, we translate their financial statements into USD at the time we consolidate those subsidiaries’ financial statements. Generally, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are included in 'Accumulated other comprehensive income' ("AOCI") on our consolidated balance sheets. Certain balance sheet items, primarily equity and capital-related accounts, are reflected at the historical exchange rate. Income statement accounts are translated using the average exchange rate for the period.

We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries have intercompany and third-party debt that is not denominated in our functional currency. When the debt is remeasured to the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss can result. The resulting adjustment is reflected in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. In the statement of cash flows, cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the respective cash flows or at average exchange rates for the period, depending on the nature of the cash flow items.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily an indication of the results that may be expected for the entire year. Readers of this quarterly report should refer to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are included in our 2024 annual report on Form 10-K, as certain disclosures that would substantially duplicate those contained in the audited financial statements have not been included in this report.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Realty Income and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We evaluate whether we have a controlling financial interest in an entity in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation.

Voting interest entities ("VOEs") are entities considered to have sufficient equity at risk and which the equity holders have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities. We consolidate voting interest entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, which we typically have through holding of a majority of the entity’s voting equity interests.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable interest entities ("VIEs") are entities that lack sufficient equity at risk or where the equity holders either do not have the obligation to absorb losses, do not have the right to receive residual returns, do not have the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities, or some combination of the above. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an entity has a variable interest, or a combination of variable interests, that provides the entity with (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. An entity that meets both conditions above is deemed the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. We reassess our initial evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE when certain reconsideration events occur. We reassess our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis based on current facts and circumstances.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We believe we have qualified and continue to qualify as a REIT. Under the REIT operating structure, we are permitted to deduct dividends paid to our stockholders in determining our taxable income. Assuming our dividends equal or exceed our taxable net income in the U.S., we generally will not be required to pay U.S. income taxes on such income. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, except for federal income taxes of our taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRS"). A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that is subject to federal, state and local income taxes, as applicable. Our use of TRS entities enables us to engage in certain business activities while complying with the REIT qualification requirements and to retain any income generated by these businesses for reinvestment without the requirement to distribute those earnings. We are liable for taxes in our applicable international territories and have made the appropriate provisions in those territories. Therefore, the income taxes recorded in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income represent amounts for U.S. income taxes on our TRS entities, city and state income and franchise taxes, as well as income taxes for the applicable international territories.

We recognize deferred income tax in our taxable subsidiaries, including certain international jurisdictions. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are generally the result of temporary differences between book and tax accounting, such as timing differences caused by different useful lives used for depreciation. We provide for a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets if we believe some or all of the deferred income tax assets may not be realized. We had $3.5 million of net deferred tax liabilities as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which are reported in 'Other liabilities' on our consolidated balance sheets.

Earnings and profits that determine the taxability of distributions to stockholders differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes primarily due to differences in the estimated useful lives and methods used to compute depreciation and the carrying value (basis) of the investments in properties for tax purposes, among other things.

We regularly analyze our various international, federal and state filing positions and only recognize the income tax effect in our financial statements when certain criteria regarding uncertain income tax positions have been met. We believe that our income tax positions would more likely than not be sustained upon examination by all relevant taxing authorities. Therefore, no provisions for uncertain tax positions have been recorded on our consolidated financial statements.

Lease Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

Lease Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable. The majority of our leases are accounted for as operating leases. Under this method, leases that have fixed and determinable rent increases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Any rental revenue contingent upon a client’s sales, or percentage rent, is recognized only after such client exceeds its sales breakpoint. Rental increases based upon changes in the consumer price indices are recognized only after the changes in the indexes have occurred and are then applied according to the lease agreements. Contractually obligated rental revenue from our clients for recoverable real estate taxes and operating expenses are included in contractually obligated reimbursements by our clients, a component of rental revenue, in the period when such costs are incurred. Taxes and operating expenses paid directly by our clients are recorded on a net basis.

Other revenue includes certain property-related revenue not included in rental revenue and interest income recognized on financing receivables for certain leases with above-market terms.

We assess the probability of collecting substantially all of the lease payments to which we are entitled under the original lease contract as required under ASC 842, Leases. We assess the collectability of our future lease payments based on an analysis of creditworthiness, economic trends and other facts and circumstances related to the applicable clients. If we conclude the collection of substantially all of lease payments under a lease is less than probable, rental revenue recognized for that lease is limited to cash received going forward, existing operating lease receivables, including those related to straight-line rental revenue, must be written off as an adjustment to rental revenue, and no further operating lease receivables are recorded for that lease until such future determination is made that substantially all lease payments under that lease are now considered probable. If we subsequently conclude that the collection of substantially all lease payments under a lease is probable, a reversal of lease receivables previously written off is recognized.

In addition to the client-specific collectability assessment conducted, we may also recognize a general allowance, as a reduction to rental revenue, for our operating lease receivables which are not expected to be fully collectible. We had $4.4 million of general allowance as of March 31, 2025. There was no general allowance as of December 31, 2024.

Loans Receivable and Financing Receivables

Loans Receivable. Our acquired loans are classified as held for investment and are carried at their amortized cost basis. We recognize interest income on loans receivable using a method that approximates the effective-interest method. Direct costs associated with originating loans, along with any premium or discount, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. When management identifies the full recovery of the contractually specified payments of principal and interest of a loan is less than probable, we evaluate the expected loss amount and place it on non-accrual status. We have made an accounting policy election to record accrued interest on our loan portfolio separate from our loan receivable and other lending investments. These loans and the related interest receivable are presented in 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets.

Financing Receivables. For properties we acquire that qualify as sale-leaseback transactions and for which the purchase price is in excess of the fair value of the real estate acquired, the difference is accounted for as financing receivables, presented within 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets. Rent payments are allocated between rental income and the financing receivable. Interest income on the financing receivable is recognized using the interest rate implicit in the leaseback and presented within 'Other' revenue in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses, which is recorded as a reduction to loans receivable and financing receivable within 'Other assets, net' on our consolidated balance sheets, is measured using a probability of default method based on our clients' respective credit ratings, our historical experience, and the expected value of the underlying collateral upon its repossession. If we determine a financing receivable no longer shares risk characteristics with other financing receivables in the pool, we evaluate the financing receivable for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Included in our model are factors that incorporate forward-looking information. Changes in our allowance for credit losses are presented in 'Provisions for impairment' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For further details, see note 6, Investments in Loans and Financing Receivables.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, requiring all public business entities to provide additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, to enhance income tax disclosures, provide more information about tax risks and opportunities present in worldwide operations, and to disaggregate existing income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact on our financial statement disclosures.

Derivative Instruments

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges

We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to sell GBP and EUR and buy USD to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with interest payments on intercompany loans denominated in GBP and EUR. Forward points on the forward contracts are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. We also execute variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and use interest rate swaption agreements to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements associated with our term loans or forecasted transactions. When it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the specific time period or within an additional two-month period thereafter, the net derivative instrument gain or loss and any gains and losses that were reported in AOCI pursuant to the hedge of a forecasted transaction are recognized immediately in earnings through the caption entitled 'Interest' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Fair Value Hedges

Periodically, we enter into and designate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk by managing our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. These swaps involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts for variable interest rate payments over the life of the swaps without exchange of the underlying principal amount. We also designate some of our cross-currency swaps as fair value hedges as we use them to hedge foreign currency risk associated with changes in spot rates on foreign-denominated debt. For these hedging instruments, we have elected to exclude the change in fair value of the cross-currency swaps related to both time value and cross-currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (the "excluded component"). Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps attributable to these excluded components are recorded to other comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' on a systematic and rational basis, as net cash settlements and interest accruals on the respective cross currency swaps occur, over the remaining life of the hedging instruments.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Net Investment Hedges

To mitigate the foreign currency exchange rate variations associated with our investment in EUR-denominated foreign operations, we may enter into derivative instruments, such as cross-currency swaps that qualify as net investment hedges under the criteria prescribed in accordance with ASC 815-20, Hedging - General. We use the spot method of assessing hedge effectiveness and apply the consistent election to the excluded component by recognizing changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments attributable to the excluded component in the same manner as described above. Any difference between the change in the fair value of the excluded components and the amounts recognized in earnings is reported in other comprehensive income as part of the foreign cumulative translation adjustment. The gain or loss on the portion of the derivative instruments included in the assessment of effectiveness is reported in other comprehensive income as part of the 'Foreign currency translation adjustment' line item, to the extent the relationship is highly effective. If our net investment changes during a reporting period, the hedge relationship will be assessed for whether a de-designation is warranted (only if the hedge notional amount is outside of prescribed tolerance). Further, certain EUR-denominated bonds and borrowings under our revolving credit facility and term loans may be also designated as, and are effective as, net investment hedges. Changes in the value of such borrowings, related to changes in the spot rates, will be recorded in the same manner as foreign currency translation adjustments. As of March 31, 2025, the total principal amount of foreign currency debt obligations designated as net investment hedges was $106.8 million.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

We enter into foreign currency exchange swap agreements to reduce the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations between the USD, our reporting currency, and GBP and EUR. These derivative contracts generally mature within one year and are not designated as hedge instruments for accounting purposes. As the currency exchange swap is not accounted for as a hedging instrument, the change in fair value is recorded in earnings through the caption entitled 'Foreign currency and derivative (loss) gain, net' in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.