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Merger with Spirit Realty Capital, Inc
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Merger with Spirit Realty Capital, Inc Merger with Spirit Realty Capital, Inc.
On October 29, 2023, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, or the “Merger Agreement”) with Saints MD Subsidiary, Inc., (“Merger Sub”), a Maryland corporation and direct wholly owned subsidiary of Realty Income, and Spirit, a Maryland corporation.
On January 23, 2024, we completed our merger with Spirit. Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, Spirit merged with and into Merger Sub, with Merger Sub continuing as the surviving corporation. At the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (i) each outstanding share of Spirit common stock, par value $0.05 per share, automatically converted into 0.762 (the “Exchange Ratio”) of a newly issued share of our common stock, subject to adjustments as set forth in the Merger Agreement, and cash in lieu of fractional shares, and (ii) each outstanding share of Spirit’s 6.000% Series A Cumulative Redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Spirit Series A Preferred Stock"), converted into the right to receive one share of newly issued Realty Income 6.000% Series A Cumulative Redeemable preferred stock (“Realty Income Series A Preferred Stock”), having substantially the same terms as the Spirit Series A Preferred Stock. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, each award of outstanding restricted Spirit common stock and Spirit performance share award was cancelled and converted into Realty Income common stock, using the Exchange Ratio. For more details, see note 16, Series A Preferred Stock.
The primary reason for the Merger was to expand our size, scale and diversification, in order to further position us as the real estate partner of choice for large net lease transactions.
The Merger has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, with Realty Income as the accounting acquirer, which requires, among other things, that the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed be recognized at their acquisition date fair value. The fair value of the consideration transferred on the date of the acquisition is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
Shares of Spirit common stock exchanged (1)
142,136,567 
Exchange Ratio0.762
Shares of Realty Income common stock issued108,308,064
Opening price of Realty Income common stock on January 23, 2024$55.80 
Fair value of Realty Income common stock issued to the former holders of Spirit common stock$6,043,590 
Shares of Realty Income Series A Preferred Stock issued in exchange for Spirit Series A Preferred Stock 6,900,000 
Opening price of Realty Income Series A Preferred Stock on January 23, 2024$24.26 
Fair value of Realty Income Series A Preferred Stock issued to the former holders of Spirit Series A Preferred Stock$167,394 
Cash paid for fractional shares$51 
Less: Fair value of Spirit restricted stock and performance awards attributable to post-combination costs (2)
$(24,751)
Consideration transferred$6,186,284 
(1) Includes 142.1 million shares of Spirit common stock outstanding as of January 23, 2024, which were converted into Realty Income common stock at the Effective Time at an Exchange Ratio of 0.762 per share of Spirit common stock. The portion of the converted unvested Spirit restricted stock awards related to post-combination expense is removed in footnote (2) below.
(2) Represents the fair value of fully vested Spirit restricted stock and performance share awards that were accelerated and converted into Realty Income common stock at the Effective Time, reflecting the value attributable to post-combination services. Spirit restricted stock and performance share awards are included in Spirit's outstanding common stock as of the date of the Merger. The fair value attributable to pre-combination services was $41.7 million and is included in the consideration transferred above.
A.    Final Purchase Price Allocation
The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):
At Acquisition Date As Reported
March 31, 2024		Measurement Period Adjustments
At Acquisition Date As Reported
December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Land$1,853,895 $3,247 $1,857,142 
Buildings and improvements4,859,162 90,314 4,949,476 
Total real estate held for investment6,713,057 93,561 6,806,618 
Real estate and lease intangibles held for sale35,650 (1,583)34,067 
Cash and cash equivalents93,683 — 93,683 
Accounts receivable12,959 (145)12,814 
Lease intangible assets (1)
2,214,615 (32,804)2,181,811 
Goodwill1,259,864 (59,143)1,200,721 
Other assets (2)
174,672 (1,881)172,791 
Total assets acquired$10,504,500 $(1,995)$10,502,505 
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses$56,407 $(1,934)$54,473 
Lease intangible liabilities (3)
378,369 (203)378,166 
Other liabilities101,954 142 102,096 
Term loans1,300,000 — 1,300,000 
Notes payable2,481,486 — 2,481,486 
Total liabilities assumed$4,318,216 $(1,995)$4,316,221 
Net assets acquired, at fair value$6,186,284 $— $6,186,284 
Total purchase price$6,186,284 $— $6,186,284 
(1) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible assets is 10.8 years.
(2) Includes $53.9 million of gross contractual loans receivable, the fair value of which was $47.1 million, and we expect to collect substantially all of the loans receivable as of the acquisition date.
(3) The weighted average amortization period for acquired lease intangible liabilities is 8.2 years.
The initial assessment of fair value provided in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, and September 30, 2024 were considered preliminary and were based on information that was available to management at the time the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Measurement period adjustments were recorded in the period in which they were determined, as if they had been completed at the acquisition date. Before the first anniversary of the date of the Merger, final measurement period adjustments recorded in the year ended December 31, 2024 resulted from updated valuations related to real estate assets and liabilities, in addition to loans receivable. The adjustments were determined based on additional information that existed at the acquisition date but was not contemplated in our initial fair value assessment and resulted in a decrease to goodwill of $59.1 million.
Approximately $1.20 billion has been allocated to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The recognized goodwill is attributable to expected synergies and benefits arising from the Merger, including anticipated financing and corporate overhead cost savings. None of the goodwill recognized is deductible for tax purposes.
B.    Merger-related Transaction Costs
In conjunction with the Merger, we incurred $86.7 million of merger-related transaction costs during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily consisting of employee severance, post-combination share-based compensation, transfer taxes, and various professional fees directly attributable to the Merger.
C.    Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of our combined results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as if the Merger had occurred on January 1, 2023 (in millions, except per share data). The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations had the acquisition been effected on the assumed date, nor is it necessarily an indication of trends in future results for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences between the assumptions used to prepare the pro forma information, basic shares outstanding and dilutive equivalents, cost savings from operating efficiencies, potential synergies, and the impact of incremental costs incurred in integrating the businesses.
Years ended December 31,
20242023
Total revenues$5,319.1 $4,868.2 
Net income$945.9 $893.2 
Basic and diluted earnings per share$1.10 $1.12 
Our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 include $762.7 million of revenues and $103.1 million of net income, respectively, associated with the results of operations of Spirit from the closing of the Merger on January 23, 2024 to December 31, 2024.