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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of Operations and Reclassifications
Nature of Operations and Reclassifications—Tribune Media Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a diversified media and entertainment company. The Company’s business consists of Television and Entertainment operations and the management of certain owned real estate assets. The Company also holds a variety of investments, including equity method investments in Television Food Network, G.P. (“TV Food Network”) and CareerBuilder, LLC (through our investment in Camaro Parent, LLC) (“CareerBuilder”) and a cost method investment in New Cubs LLC (as defined and described in Note 8).
Television and Entertainment, a reportable segment, provides audiences across the country with news, entertainment and sports programming on Tribune Broadcasting’s 42 local television stations (that are either owned by the Company or owned by others but to which the Company provides certain services) and their websites, a national general entertainment cable network (WGN America), a radio station and other digital assets.
The Company reports and includes under Corporate and Other the management of certain owned real estate assets, including revenues from leasing the Company-owned office and production facilities and any gains or losses from sales of real estate, as well as certain administrative activities associated with operating corporate office functions and managing its predominantly frozen company-sponsored defined benefit pension plans.
Prior to entering into a share purchase agreement to sell substantially all of the Digital and Data business on December 19, 2016 (the “Gracenote Sale,” as further defined and described in Note 2), the Company was also engaged in providing innovative technology and services that collected, created and distributed video, music, sports and entertainment data.
Prior to the Gracenote Sale, which was completed on January 31, 2017, the Company reported its operations through the following reportable segments: Television and Entertainment and Digital and Data. The Company’s Digital and Data reportable segment consisted of several businesses driven by the Company’s expertise in collection, creation and distribution of data and innovation in unique services and recognition technology that used data, including Gracenote Video, Gracenote Music and Gracenote Sports.
The historical results of operations for the businesses included in the Gracenote Sale are presented in discontinued operations for all periods presented (see Note 2). Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016, the Television and Entertainment reportable segment includes the operations of Covers Media Group (“Covers”), a business-to-consumer website, which was previously included in the Digital and Data reportable segment. Beginning in fiscal 2015, the Television and Entertainment reportable segment includes the Company’s Screener (formerly Zap2it.com) entertainment content business, which was also previously included in the Digital and Data reportable segment. Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation; the impact of this reclassification was immaterial.
Change in Accounting Principle
Change in Accounting Principle— In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718).” The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017. The Company made a policy election to account for forfeitures of equity awards as they occur and implemented this provision using a modified retrospective transition method. The cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the first quarter of 2017 as a result of this election was immaterial. The Company adopted the other provisions of ASU 2016-09 on a prospective basis. The adoption of these provisions did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350).” The Company adopted the standard on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2017. The standard simplifies the subsequent measure of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2017-04, companies should recognize an impairment charge for the amount the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. However, the loss recognized cannot exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718).” The Company adopted the standard on a prospective basis, effective April 1, 2017. The standard addresses the diversity in practice of when companies apply modification accounting when there are changes in terms or conditions to share-based payment awards. The guidance states that a company should consider changes as a modification unless all of the following are met (i) there is no change in the fair value of the award as a result of the modification, (ii) the vesting conditions have not changed and (iii) the classification of the award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument has not changed. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Fiscal Year
Fiscal Year—On April 16, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the change of the Company’s fiscal year end from the last Sunday in December of each year to December 31 of each year and to change the Company’s fiscal quarter end to the last calendar day of each quarter. This change in fiscal year end was effective with the second fiscal quarter of 2015, which ended on June 30, 2015. As a result of this change, the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 includes two less days compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities
Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tribune Media Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries, as well as any variable interests for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions are eliminated. In general, unless otherwise required by ASC Topic 323 “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures,” investments comprising between 20 percent to 50 percent of the voting stock of companies and certain partnership interests are accounted for using the equity method. All other investments are generally accounted for using the cost method.
The Company evaluates its investments and other transactions to determine whether any entities associated with the investments or transactions should be consolidated under the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, “Consolidation.” ASC Topic 810 requires an ongoing qualitative assessment of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) to assess which entity is the primary beneficiary as it has the power to direct matters that most significantly impact the activities of a VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses or benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary.
On April 14, 2015, the Company entered into a real estate venture agreement with a third party to redevelop one of the Company’s Florida properties and formed a new limited liability company, TREH 200E Las Olas Venture, LLC (“Las Olas LLC”). The Company contributed land with an agreed-upon value between the parties of $15 million and a carrying value of $10 million, resulting in an initial 92% interest in the Las Olas LLC. As further disclosed in Note 6, on December 19, 2017, the Company sold the property owned by Las Olas LLC for net pretax proceeds of $21 million and recognized a pretax gain of $6 million, of which less than $1 million is attributable to a noncontrolling interest. The Las Olas LLC was determined to be a VIE where the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of this VIE.
On November 12, 2015, the Company executed an agreement with a third party developer to redevelop one of the Company’s California properties. The Company contributed land, building and improvements with an agreed-upon value between the parties of $39 million and a carrying value of $35 million, resulting in an initial 90% interest in the TREH/Kearny Costa Mesa, LLC (“Costa Mesa LLC”). As further disclosed in Note 6, on November 15, 2017, the Company sold the properties owned by Costa Mesa LLC for net pretax proceeds of $62 million and recognized a pretax gain of $22 million, of which $3 million is attributable to a noncontrolling interest. The Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of Costa Mesa LLC as it has the majority ownership.
Prior to September 2, 2015, the Company held a variable interest in Newsday Holdings LLC (“NHLLC”). On September 2, 2015, all of the outstanding equity interests of NHLLC were acquired by CSC Holdings, LLC (“CSC”).
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company indirectly held a variable interest in Topix, LLC (“Topix”) through its investment in TKG Internet Holdings II LLC. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of Topix and therefore has not consolidated it as of and for the periods presented in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.
The Company holds a variable interest in Dreamcatcher Broadcasting LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Dreamcatcher”) and is the primary beneficiary. As such, the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and the financial position of Dreamcatcher. See below for further information on the Company’s transactions with Dreamcatcher and the carrying amounts and classification of the assets and liabilities of Dreamcatcher which have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The assets of the consolidated VIE can only be used to settle the obligations of the VIE.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition—The Company’s primary sources of revenue related to Television and Entertainment are from local and national broadcasting and cable advertising and retransmission and carriage fee revenues on the Company’s television, cable and radio stations as well as from direct and indirect display advertising. The Company also recognizes revenues from leases of its owned real estate.
The Company recognizes revenue when the following conditions are met: (i) there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, (iii) the fees are fixed or determinable and (iv) collection is reasonably assured. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Revenue is allocated to the respective elements based on their relative selling prices at the inception of the arrangement, and revenue is recognized as each element is delivered. The Company uses a hierarchy to determine the fair value to be used for allocating revenue to elements: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence, and (iii) best estimate of selling price (“ESP”).
Television and Entertainment advertising revenue is recorded, net of agency commissions, when commercials are aired. Television operations may trade certain advertising time for products or services, as well as barter advertising time for program material. Trade transactions are generally reported at the estimated fair value of the product or services received, while barter transactions are reported at the Company’s estimate of the value of the advertising time exchanged, which approximates the fair value of the program material received. Barter/trade revenue is reported when commercials are broadcast and expenses are reported when products or services are utilized or when programming airs. The Company records rebates when earned as a reduction of advertising revenue. Retransmission revenue represent revenue that the Company earns from multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”) for the distribution of the Company’s television stations’ broadcast programming. Retransmission revenue is recognized over the contract period, generally based on a negotiated fee per subscriber. Carriage fees represent fees that the Company earns from MVPDs for the carriage of the Company’s cable channel. Carriage fees are recognized over the contract period, generally based on the number of subscribers and negotiated rates.
Derivatives, Policy
Derivative Instruments—The Company’s earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates. The Company’s risk management policy allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate exposures and does not permit derivatives to be used for speculative purposes.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow. The Company also formally assesses, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flow of hedged items as well as monitors the credit worthiness of the counterparties to ensure no issues exist which would affect the value of the derivatives. When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively, in accordance with derecognition criteria for hedge accounting.
The Company records derivative financial instruments at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets in either other current liabilities or other noncurrent assets. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated as a cash flow hedge, to the extent that the hedge is effective, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and reclassified to earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. Cash flows from derivative financial instruments are classified in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows based on the nature of the derivative contract.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents—Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of funds that are not available for general corporate use and primarily consist of restricted cash held by the Company to satisfy the remaining claim obligations pursuant to the Plan (as defined and described in Note 3).
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—The Company’s accounts receivable are primarily due from advertisers and MVPDs. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition, and generally collateral is not required. The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible accounts, rebates, volume discounts and sales allowances. This allowance is determined based on historical write-off experience, sales adjustments and any known specific collectability exposures.
Broadcast Rights
Broadcast Rights—The Company acquires rights to broadcast syndicated programs, original licensed series and feature films. Pursuant to ASC Topic 920, “Entertainment-Broadcasters,” these rights and the related liabilities are recorded as an asset and a liability when the license period has begun, the cost of the program is determinable and the program is accepted and available for airing. The current portion of programming inventory includes those rights available for broadcast that are expected to be amortized in the succeeding year.
The Company amortizes its broadcast rights costs over the period in which an economic benefit is expected to be derived based on the timing of the usage and benefit from such programming. Newer licensed/acquired programming and original produced programming are generally amortized on an accelerated basis as the episodes are aired. For certain categories of licensed programming and feature films that have been exploited through previous cycles, amortization expense is recorded on a straight-line basis. Program amortization for certain categories of programming is calculated on either an accelerated or straight-line basis based upon the greater amortization resulting from either the number of episodes aired or the portion of the license period consumed. The Company also has commitments for network and sports programming that are expensed on a straight-line basis as the programs are available to air. Management’s judgment is required in determining the timing of the expensing of these costs, and includes analyses of historical and estimated future revenue and ratings patterns for similar programming. The Company regularly reviews, and revises when necessary, its revenue estimates, which may result in a change in the rate of amortization. Amortization of broadcast rights are expensed to programming in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company carries its broadcast rights at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated net realizable value. The Company evaluates the net realizable value of broadcast rights on a daypart, series, or title-by-title basis, as appropriate. Changes in management’s intended usage of a specific daypart, series, or program would result in a reassessment of the net realizable value, which could result in an impairment. The Company determines the net realizable value and estimated fair value, as appropriate, based on a projection of the estimated advertising revenues and carriage/retransmission revenues, less certain direct costs of delivery, expected to be generated by the program material, all of which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. If the Company’s estimates of future revenues decline, amortization expense could be accelerated or impairment adjustments may be required. The Company assesses future seasons of syndicated programs that the Company is committed to acquire for impairment as they become available to the Company for airing. Any impairments of programming rights are expensed to programming in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Production Costs
Production Costs—In accordance with ASC Topic 926, “Entertainment-Films,” the Company estimates total revenues to be earned and costs to be incurred throughout the life of each television program it produces. Estimates for remaining total lifetime revenues are limited to the amount of revenue contracted for each episode in the initial market (which is the US television market). Accordingly, television programming costs and participation costs incurred in excess of the amount of revenue contracted in the initial market are expensed as incurred. Estimates for all secondary market revenues such as domestic and foreign syndication, digital streaming, home entertainment and merchandising are included in the estimated lifetime revenues of such television programming once it can be demonstrated that a program can be successfully licensed in such secondary market. Television programming costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of the secondary market are initially capitalized and amortized based on the proportion that current period revenues bear to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues. Production costs are expensed to programming in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Advertising Costs
Advertising Costs—The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense was $34 million, $42 million and $39 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Advertising costs are expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Properties
Properties—The estimated useful lives of the Company’s property, plant and equipment in service currently ranges as follows: 3 to 44 years for buildings and 1 to 30 years for all other equipment.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets—Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are summarized in Note 7. The Company reviews goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, “IntangiblesGoodwill and Other.” Under ASC Topic 350, the impairment review of goodwill and other intangible assets not subject to amortization must be based on estimated fair values.
The Company’s annual impairment review measurement date is in the fourth quarter of each year. In performing the annual assessment, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that a reporting unit has been impaired. As part of the qualitative assessment for the reporting units, the Company evaluates the impact of factors that are specific to the reporting units as well as industry and macroeconomic factors. The reporting unit specific factors include a comparison of the current year results to prior year, current year budget and the budget for next fiscal year. The Company also considers the significance of the excess fair value over the carrying value reflected in prior quantitative assessments, the changes to the reporting units’ carrying values since the last impairment test and the change in the overall enterprise value of the Company compared to the prior year.
If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit is impaired or if the Company elects not to perform the optional qualitative assessment, a quantitative assessment is performed. For the quantitative assessment, the estimated fair values of the reporting units to which goodwill has been allocated are determined using many critical factors, including projected future operating cash flows, revenue and market growth, market multiples, discount rates and consideration of market valuations of comparable companies. The estimated fair values of other intangible assets subject to the annual impairment review, which include FCC licenses and a trade name, are generally calculated based on projected future discounted cash flow analyses. The development of estimated fair values requires the use of assumptions, including assumptions regarding revenue and market growth as well as specific economic factors in the broadcasting industry. These assumptions reflect the Company’s best estimates, but these items involve inherent uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside of the Company’s control.
Adverse changes in expected operating results and/or unfavorable changes in other economic factors used to estimate fair values could result in additional non-cash impairment charges in the future under ASC Topic 350.
Impairment Review of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment Review of Long-Lived Assets—In accordance with ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” the Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group may be impaired. The carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered impaired when the projected future undiscounted cash flows to be generated from the asset or asset group over its remaining depreciable life are less than its current carrying value. The Company measures impairment based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset or asset group. The fair value is determined primarily by using the projected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved as well as market valuations. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that the fair values are reduced for an estimate of the cost to dispose or abandon.
Adverse changes in expected operating results and/or unfavorable changes in other economic factors used to estimate future undiscounted cash flows could result in additional non-cash impairment charges in the future under ASC Topic 360.
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits—Retirement benefits are provided to employees through pension plans sponsored either by the Company or by unions. Under the Company-sponsored plans, pension benefits are primarily a function of both the years of service and the level of compensation for a specified number of years, depending on the plan. It is the Company’s policy to fund the minimum for Company-sponsored pension plans as required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). Contributions made to union-sponsored plans are based upon collective bargaining agreements. The Company also provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. The expected cost of providing these benefits is accrued over the years that the employees render services. It is the Company’s policy to fund postretirement benefits as claims are incurred.
The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of its defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which changes occur through comprehensive income (loss). Additional information pertaining to the Company’s pension plans and other postretirement benefits is provided in Note 14.
Self-Insurance
Self-Insurance—The Company self-insures for certain employee medical and disability income benefits, workers’ compensation costs and automobile and general liability claims. The recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are calculated using actuarial methods. The Company carries insurance coverage to limit exposure for self-insured workers’ compensation costs and automobile and general liability claims. The Company’s deductibles under these coverages are generally $1 million per occurrence, depending on the applicable policy period.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred Revenue—Deferred revenue arises in the normal course of business from advances from customers for the Company’s products and services and from the long-term spectrum sharing arrangements where the Company is the host. Revenue associated with deferred revenue is recognized in the period it is earned. See above for further information on the Company’s revenue recognition policy.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation—In accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation,” the Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date for equity-classified awards and at the end of each reporting period for liability-classified awards based on the estimated fair value of the awards. ASC Topic 718 requires stock-based compensation expense to be recognized over the period from the date of grant to the date when the award is no longer contingent on the employee providing additional service (the “substantive vesting period”). Additional information pertaining to the Company’s stock-based compensation is provided in Note 16.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes—Provisions for federal and state income taxes are calculated on reported pretax earnings based on current tax laws and also include, in the current period, the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Taxable income reported to the taxing jurisdictions in which the Company operates often differs from pretax earnings because some items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for income tax purposes. The Company provides deferred taxes on these temporary differences in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Taxable income also may differ from pretax earnings due to statutory provisions under which specific revenues are exempt from taxation and specific expenses are not allowable as deductions. The consolidated tax provision and related accruals include estimates of the potential taxes and related interest as deemed appropriate. These estimates are reevaluated and adjusted, if appropriate, on a quarterly basis. Although management believes its estimates and judgments are reasonable, the resolutions of the Company’s tax issues are unpredictable and could result in tax liabilities that are significantly higher or lower than that which has been provided by the Company.
ASC Topic 740 addresses the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under ASC Topic 740, a company may recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. ASC Topic 740 requires the tax benefit recognized in the financial statements to be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and disclosure. See Note 13 for further discussion.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting shareholder’s equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income. The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in unrecognized benefit plan gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale, unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedging instruments and foreign currency translation adjustments. The activity for each component of the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) is summarized in Note 18.
New Accounting Standards
New Accounting Standards—In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220).” The standard allows entities, at their option, to reclassify from AOCI to retained earnings stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. See Note 13 for further details regarding the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and the interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the new federal corporate income tax rate is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The standard simplifies the application of the hedge accounting guidance and enables entities to better portray the economic results of their risk management activities in the financial statements. The new guidance eliminates the requirement and the ability to separately record ineffectiveness on cash flow and net investment hedges and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The standard requires certain additional disclosures that focus on the effect of hedge accounting whereas the disclosure of hedge ineffectiveness is eliminated. The amendments expand the types of permissible hedging strategies. Additionally, the amendment makes the hedge documentation and effectiveness assessment less complex. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and the interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 related to cash flow hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption should be applied using a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2017-12 at the date of initial application. The presentation and disclosure requirements apply prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2017-12 on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715).” The standard changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans present the net periodic benefit cost in the statement of operations. Under the new guidance, employers are required to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same statement of operations caption as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Employers are required to present the other components of the net periodic benefit cost separately from the caption that includes the service costs and outside of any subtotal of operating profit and are required to disclose the caption used to present the other components of net periodic benefit cost, if not presented separately on the statement of operations. Additionally, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and the interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 must be applied retrospectively. Upon adoption, the Company is required to provide the relevant disclosures under Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The Company will retrospectively adopt ASU 2017-07 effective in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an effect on the Company’s historically reported net income (loss) but will result in a presentation reclassification which will reduce the Company’s historically reported operating profit by $23 million in 2017, $25 million in 2016 and $29 million in 2015.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20).” The standard clarifies that ASC 610-20 provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets in contracts with non-customers. As a result of the new guidance, the guidance specific to real estate sales in ASC 360-20 will be eliminated. Instead, sales and partial sales of real estate will be subject to the same recognition model as all other nonfinancial assets. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and the interim periods within those fiscal periods. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2017-05 may be applied either retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2017-05 at the date of initial application. The Company will adopt ASU 2017-05 effective in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230).” The standard addresses the diversity in classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The standard requires restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. In addition, transfers between cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents are not reported as cash flow activities. The standard also requires additional disclosures related to a reconciliation of the balance sheet line items related to cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to the statement of cash flows, which can be presented either on the face of the statement of cash flows or separately in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments in this ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will retrospectively adopt ASU 2016-18 effective in the first quarter of 2018. The Company’s restricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $18 million at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230).” The standard addresses several specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash activities are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The cash flow issues addressed include debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, settlement of debt instruments with coupon rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, distributions received from equity method investees and cash receipts and payments that may have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted but all of the guidance must be adopted in the same period. The Company will retrospectively adopt ASU 2016-15 effective in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326).” The standard requires entities to estimate loss of financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade receivables, debt securities and loans, using an expected credit loss model. The expected credit loss differs from the previous incurred losses model primarily in that the loss recognition threshold of “probable” has been eliminated and that expected loss should consider reasonable and supportable forecasts in addition to the previously considered past events and current conditions. Additionally, the guidance requires additional disclosures related to the further disaggregation of information related to the credit quality of financial assets by year of the asset’s origination for as many as five years. Entities must apply the standard provision as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Subtopic 842).” The new guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities arising from leases as well as extensive quantitative and qualitative disclosures. A lessee will need to recognize on its balance sheet a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for the majority of its leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The lease liabilities will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The right-of-use asset will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-02 is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, “Leases (Topic 842) - Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842,” which provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the current leases guidance in Topic 840. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2018-01 are the same as ASU 2016-02. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-01 on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10).” The new guidance requires entities to measure equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income and requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Further, entities will no longer be able to recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities classified today as available for sale in other comprehensive income and they will no longer be able to use the cost method of accounting for equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. However, certain entities will be able to elect to record equity investments without readily determinable fair values at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes. Entities that elect this measurement alternative will report changes in the carrying value of these investments in current earnings. The guidance has additional amendments to presentation and disclosure requirements of financial instruments. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-01 effective in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company’s equity investments as of December 31, 2017 do not have readily determinable fair values because they are not publicly traded companies and do not have an active market for their securities or membership interests. However, should fair values of certain equity investments become readily available in future reporting periods, the Company’s consolidated financial statements may be materially affected.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The amendments in ASU 2014-09 create Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. However, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Deferral of the Effective Date,” which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, while allowing early adoption as of the original public entity date. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which amends the revenue recognition guidance on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations as well as clarifies when a promised good or service is separately identifiable. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” which provides clarifying guidance in certain narrow areas such as an assessment of collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition as well as adds some practical expedients. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” to clarify or to correct unintended applications of Topic 606, including disclosure requirements related to performance obligations. The amendments in ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 may be applied either retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 at the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company will adopt the new revenue guidance effective in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed at that date. The only identified impact to the Company’s financial statements relates to barter revenue and expense as well as barter related broadcast rights and contracts payable for broadcast rights which will no longer be recognized. Barter revenue and expense for fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $28 million, $30 million and $29 million, respectively. Barter-related broadcast rights and contracts payable for broadcast rights on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets were $45 million and $37 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The broadcast rights and contracts payable for broadcast rights will be written off at adoption. The standard also requires capitalization of certain costs; however, as part of the implementation process, the Company did not identify any costs that should be capitalized under the new guidance. The following is a summary of the evaluation by revenue stream within the Television and Entertainment segment.
Advertising Revenues—Under the new guidance, advertising revenue will be recognized over time primarily as ads are aired or impressions are delivered, which is consistent with current practice. Advertising revenue will continue to be recognized net of agency commissions.
Retransmission Revenues and Carriage Fees—Revenue under the Company’s retransmission and carriage agreements are considered licenses of functional intellectual property under the new guidance. Based on the guidance, the Company will recognize revenue at the point in time the content is transferred to the customer, which will result in revenue recognition that is consistent with current practice.
The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting.
Calculation of Amortization of Unrecognized Net Actuarial Gain Loss
The Company’s policy is to incorporate asset-related gains and losses into the asset value used to calculate the expected return on plan assets and into the calculation of amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss over a four-year period.