Organization and Business

Movado Group, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) designs, sources, markets and distributes quality watches with prominent brands across most price categories of the watch industry. In fiscal 2023, the Company marketed the following distinct brands of watches: Movado, Concord, Ebel, Olivia Burton, MVMT, Coach, Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, Lacoste and Calvin Klein. The Company's collaboration with Scuderia Ferrari ended on June 30, 2022, although the Company had the right to sell remaining inventory through December 31, 2022. The Company also designs, sources, markets and distributes jewelry and other accessories under certain of its brands.

Movado (with the exception of certain Movado collections), Ebel and Concord watches, as well as a limited number of Calvin Klein watch styles, are manufactured in Switzerland by independent third-party assemblers using Swiss movements and other parts sourced by the Company’s Swiss operations. All of the Company’s products are manufactured using components obtained from third party suppliers. Certain Movado collections of watches are manufactured by independent contractors in Asia using Swiss movements. Coach, Hugo Boss, Lacoste, Olivia Burton, MVMT, Tommy Hilfiger and most Calvin Klein watches are manufactured by independent contractors in Asia. The Company’s jewelry and other accessories are manufactured by independent contractors in Asia and, to a lesser extent, the United States.

In addition to its sales to trade customers and independent distributors, the Company sells directly to consumers via its e-commerce platforms and also operates 51 retail outlet locations throughout the United States and four in Canada, through which it sells current and discontinued models and factory seconds of all of the Company’s watch brands.

The financial statements of the Company’s international subsidiaries have been translated into United States dollars by translating balance sheet accounts at year-end exchange rates and the weighted average exchange rate for each period for revenues, expenses, gains, losses and cash flows. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are charged or credited to earnings as incurred. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reflected in the equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Trade Receivables

Trade receivables as shown on the consolidated balance sheets are net of various allowances. The Company utilizes a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires the use of a forward-looking expected credit loss rate for its trade accounts receivables. The Company writes off uncollectible trade receivables once collection efforts have been exhausted and third parties confirm the balance is not recoverable.

Included in Trade receivables are amounts due from trade customers including department stores, jewelry store chains, independent jewelers, third-party e-commerce retailers and payment processors used by the Company's owned e-commerce websites. All of the Company’s watch brands are also marketed outside the U.S. through a network of independent distributors. Accounts receivable are stated net of reserves for expected credit losses, returns and allowances of $24.3 million and $26.4 million at January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accounts receivable are also stated net of co-operative advertising allowances of $5.7 million and $5.6 million at January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Co-operative advertising allowances are credits taken by the customer at a future date on previously executed co-operative advertising.

The Company’s concentrations of credit risk arise primarily from accounts receivable related to trade customers during the peak selling seasons. The Company has significant accounts receivable balances due from major national chain and department stores and third-party e-commerce retailers. The Company’s results of operations could be materially adversely affected in the event any of these customers or a group of these customers defaulted on all or a significant portion of their obligations to the Company as a result of financial difficulties. As of January 31, 2023, except for those accounts provided for in allowance for expected credit losses, the Company knew of no situations with any of the Company’s major customers which would indicate any such customer’s inability to make its required payments.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales during any of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2023. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s account receivable balance at January 31, 2023 or 2022.

Inventories

The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the average cost method. The Company performs reviews of its on-hand inventory to determine amounts, if any, of inventory that is deemed discontinued, excess, or unsaleable. Inventory classified as discontinued, together with the related component parts that can be assembled into saleable finished goods, is sold primarily through the Company’s retail outlet locations. The Company retains adequate levels of component parts to facilitate both the manufacturing of its watches as well as the after-sales service of its watches for an extended period of time after the discontinuance of the manufacturing of such watches. The adjustment to reduce the value of component parts below their cost to their net realizable value is based on the timing of when a component part is no longer associated with a watch that is being manufactured as well as the significant assumption related to the anticipated utilization of component parts for after-sales service.

Intangibles

Intangible assets consist primarily of trade names, customer relationships and trademarks. In accordance with applicable guidance, the Company estimates and records the fair value of purchased intangible assets at the time of their acquisition. The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on independent third-party appraisals. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives, which range from three to ten years, and are evaluated for impairment periodically and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying values may not be fully recoverable. The Company determined that there was no impairment in fiscal 2023.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that a triggering event occurred resulting in a need to perform a quantitative interim impairment assessment over the Company's Olivia Burton and MVMT long-lived assets and concluded that the assets were recoverable.

During the three months ended April 30, 2020, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic that resulted in the closing of the Company’s stores and of the vast majority of the stores of the Company’s wholesale customers (resulting in a decrease in revenues and gross margin), a

decrease in customer spending and the decline in the Company’s market capitalization, the Company concluded that a triggering event had occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, resulting in the need to perform a quantitative interim impairment assessment over the Company’s Olivia Burton, MVMT and Company Stores’ long-lived assets as well as the Watch and Accessory Brands reporting unit. See Note 6 for further discussion.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives of its depreciable assets based on factors including historical experience, the expected beneficial service period of the asset, the quality and durability of the asset and the Company’s maintenance policy including periodic upgrades. Changes in useful lives are made on a prospective basis unless factors indicate the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable and an impairment is necessary.

The Company performs an impairment review of its long-lived assets at least annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate, in management’s judgment, that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. When such a determination has been made, management compares the carrying value of the asset groups with their estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If it is determined that an impairment has occurred, the fair value of the asset group is determined and compared to its carrying value. The excess of the carrying value over the fair value, if any, is recognized as a loss during that period. The impairment is calculated as the difference between asset carrying values and their estimated fair values. Other than as it relates to intangibles, as discussed in Note 6, no impairment charge was recorded in fiscal 2023 or in fiscal 2022.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company accounts for its derivative financial instruments in accordance with the accounting guidance which requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and measure those instruments at fair value. A significant portion of the Company’s purchases are denominated in Swiss Francs and, to a lesser extent, the Japanese Yen. The Company also sells to third-party customers in a variety of foreign currencies, most notably the Euro, Swiss Franc and the British Pound. The Company reduces its exposure to the Swiss Franc, Euro, British Pound, Chinese Yuan and Japanese Yen exchange rate risks through a hedging program. Under the hedging program, the Company manages most of its foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows it to net certain exposures and take advantage of natural offsets. In the event these exposures do not offset, from time to time the Company uses various derivative financial instruments to further reduce the net exposures to currency fluctuations, predominately forward and option contracts. Certain of these contracts meet the requirements of qualified hedges. In these circumstances, the Company designates and documents these derivative instruments as a cash flow hedge of a specific underlying exposure, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. Changes in the fair value of hedges designated and documented as a cash flow hedge and which are highly effective, are recorded in other comprehensive income until the underlying transaction affects earnings, and then are later reclassified into earnings in the same account as the hedged transaction. The earnings impact is mostly offset by the effects of currency movements on the underlying hedged transactions. The Company formally assesses, both at the inception and at each fiscal quarter thereafter, the effectiveness of the derivative instrument hedging the underlying forecasted cash flow transaction. The Company does not exclude any designated cash flow hedges from its effective testing. Hedge accounting is discontinued if it is determined that the derivative is not highly effective.

From time to time the Company uses forward exchange contracts, which do not meet the requirements of qualified hedges, to offset its exposure to certain foreign currency receivables and liabilities. These forward contracts are not designated as qualified hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recognized in earnings in the period they arise, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect resulting from the revaluation of the related foreign currency receivables and liabilities.

All of the Company’s derivative instruments have fair values which can be determined directly or indirectly based on available market data. The Company does not enter into any derivative instruments for trading purposes.

Revenue Recognition

Wholesale revenue is recognized and recorded when a contract is in place, obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control is transferred to the customer. Such revenue is measured as the ultimate amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods including variable consideration. The Company has determined that transfer of control passes to the wholesale customer upon shipment or upon receipt depending on the agreement with the customer and shipping terms. Control passes to outlet store customers at the time of sale and to substantially all e-commerce customers upon shipment. Prior to January 1, 2021, the requirement for recognizing revenue for e-commerce was met upon delivery to the customer. Factors considered in the transfer of control include the right to payment, transfer of legal title, physical possession and customer acceptance of the goods and whether significant risks and rewards for the goods belong with the customer. The Company records estimates of variable consideration, which includes sales returns, markdowns, volume-based programs and sales and cash discount allowances as a reduction of revenue in the same period that the sales are recorded. These estimates are based upon the expected value method considering all reasonably available information including historical analysis, customer agreements and/or currently known factors that arise in the normal course of business. Returns, discounts and allowances have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the provisions established. The future provisional rates may differ from those experienced in the past. Taxes imposed by governmental authorities on the Company's revenue-producing activities with customers, such as sales taxes and value added taxes, are excluded from net sales.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales of the Company’s products consist primarily of costs for raw materials, component costs, royalties, depreciation, amortization, assembly costs, shipping to customers, design costs and unit overhead costs associated with the Company’s supply chain operations predominately in Switzerland and Asia. The Company’s supply chain operations consist of logistics management of assembly operations and product sourcing predominately in Switzerland and Asia and minor assembly in Switzerland. The Swiss watch movements used in the manufacture of Movado, Ebel and Concord watches, as well as certain Calvin Klein watch styles, are purchased from three suppliers, one of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of one of the Company’s competitors. That competitive supplier announced in February 2021 that it will no longer sell mechanical Swiss movements to third parties, although it continues to sell Swiss quartz movements. As a result of this development, the Company currently sources all of its mechanical Swiss movements from a single supplier. Although mechanical movements are only used in a relatively small number of the Company’s watch styles, the elimination of a source of supply could make it more difficult for the Company to satisfy its requirements for mechanical movements.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

The Company’s SG&A expenses consist primarily of marketing, selling, distribution, general and administrative expenses.

Marketing expenditures are based principally on overall strategic considerations relative to maintaining or increasing market share in markets that management considers to be crucial to the Company’s continued success as well as on general economic conditions in the various markets around the world in which the Company sells its products. Marketing expenses include salaries, various forms of media advertising, digital advertising (including social media), customer acquisition costs and co-operative advertising with customers and distributors and other point of sale marketing and promotional spending.

Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries, sales commissions, salesforce travel and related expenses, credit card fees, depreciation and amortization, expenses associated with the Company's customer conferences and industry trade shows and operating costs incurred in connection with the Company’s retail business. Sales commissions vary with overall sales levels. Retail selling expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses and store occupancy costs.

Distribution expenses consist of costs of running distribution centers and customer service, and include primarily salaries, rental and other occupancy costs, security, depreciation and amortization of furniture and leasehold improvements and shipping supplies.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other employee compensation including performance-based compensation, employee benefit plan costs, office rent, management information systems costs, professional fees, bad debts,

depreciation and amortization of furniture, computer software, leasehold improvements, amortization of finite-lived intangible assets, patent and trademark expenses and various other general corporate expenses.

Warranty Costs

All watches sold by the Company come with limited warranties covering the movement against defects in material and workmanship for periods generally ranging from two to three years from the date of purchase. When changes in warranty costs are experienced, the Company will adjust the warranty liability as required. The Company records an estimate for future warranty costs based on historical repair costs. Warranty costs have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the provisions established. If such costs were to substantially exceed estimates, they could have an adverse effect on the Company's operating results.

The warranty liability, included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, and activity for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in thousands):


	2023			2022			2021
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,114		$	2,411		$	2,634
Provision charged to operations		1,794			1,885			1,760
Settlements made		(2,026	)		(2,182	)		(1,983	)
Balance, end of year	$	1,882		$	2,114		$	2,411

Included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets are the costs of certain prepaid advertising, including principally product displays and point of sale materials. Prepaid advertising accounted for $6.1 million and $3.3 million in other non-current assets at January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company, under ASC Topic 740, follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax laws and tax rates in each jurisdiction where the Company operates and applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, the amounts of any future tax benefits are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent such benefits are not expected to be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis. The Company calculates estimated income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense along with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for both book and tax purposes.

The Company follows guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of an income tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This guidance also provides guidance for de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transitions. Interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations and as deferred tax liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

Earnings Per Share

The Company presents net income/(loss) attributable to Movado Group, Inc. after adjusting for noncontrolling interests, as applicable, per share on a basic and diluted basis. Basic earnings per share is computed using weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding adjusted for dilutive common stock equivalents.

The number of shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is as follows (in thousands):


			Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		22,504		23,190		23,239
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock awards and options to purchase shares of common stock		451		489		—
Diluted		22,955		23,679		23,239

For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, approximately 296,000, 237,000 and 904,000 respectively, of potentially dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been antidilutive. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, the Company also had approximately 110,000 stock options outstanding that could potentially dilute earnings per share in future periods that were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive given the net loss during the period.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model which requires that certain assumptions be made to calculate the fair value of each option at the grant date. The expected life of stock option grants is determined using historical data and represents the time period during which the stock option is expected to be outstanding until it is exercised. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury note interest rate in effect on the date of grant for the expected life of the stock option. The expected stock price volatility is derived from historical volatility and calculated based on the estimated term structure of the stock option grant. The expected dividend yield is calculated using the Company’s expected average of annualized dividend yields and applied over the expected term of the option. Management monitors stock option exercises and employee termination patterns to estimate forfeitures rates within the valuation model. Separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes.

In addition to stock options, the Company may also grant stock awards to employees and directors. The stock awards are generally in the form of time-vesting restricted stock unit awards (pursuant to which unrestricted shares of Common Stock are issued to the grantee when the award vests) or performance-based awards (under which vesting occurs only if one or more predetermined financial goals are achieved within the relevant performance period); both are subject to the participant’s continued employment (or board service) with the Company through such vesting date. Stock awards generally are cliff-vested after three years from the date of grant (one year in the case of directors’ awards). The fair value of stock awards is generally equal to the closing price of the Company’s publicly-traded common stock on the grant date.

Compensation expense for all awards is accrued based on the estimated number of instruments for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered as well as awards expected to be paid in cash. This estimate is reflected in the period the stock option and stock awards are either granted or canceled. Expense related to stock options and stock awards compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term and only if the performance condition is probable of being achieved.