-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, HA8jF9jLJs+2P/Dc5qFEK+/Sd6xlL3tRQ5QyuFi3fOQd26b87nVn41utUbSFR3lu PsENNCm0KZjNAwA2jGg29g== 0000929624-99-001998.txt : 19991117 0000929624-99-001998.hdr.sgml : 19991117 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000929624-99-001998 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q/A PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 3 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19990930 FILED AS OF DATE: 19991116 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000725727 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT [3663] IRS NUMBER: 942207636 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0331 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q/A SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-11473 FILM NUMBER: 99758980 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1221 CROSSMAN AVENUE CITY: SUNNYVALE STATE: CA ZIP: 94089 BUSINESS PHONE: 4087450818 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 221 CROSSMAN AVENUE CITY: SUNNYVALE STATE: CA ZIP: 94088-3733 10-Q/A 1 FORM 10-Q/A UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q/A (Mark One) [X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1999 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______________to__________________ Commission file number 001-11473 Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. --------------------------------- (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 94-2207636 -------- ---------- (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 1221 Crossman Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 ------------------------------------------ (Address of principal executives offices) (Zip Code) 408/745-0818 ------------ (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) ------------ (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No___ - - APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE USERS: Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date. 13,280,610 as of November 11, 1999 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION ----------------------------- ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ---------------------------- STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. --------------------------------- CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ------------------------------------------- (Unaudited) The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. (the "Company"), without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes the disclosures which are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Further, the condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in all material respects in conformity with the standards of accounting measurement set forth in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 28 and reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations as of and for the periods indicated. It is suggested that these condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. 1999 Annual Report. The results of operations for the first six months of fiscal year 2000 ended September 30, 1999 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year ending March 31, 2000. STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (in thousands, except per share amounts) (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended September 30, September 30, --------------------------- --------------------------- 1999 1998 1999 1998 --------- -------- --------- -------- Revenues Products and services $36,503 $33,443 $74,077 69,743 Licenses --- --- 17,750 --- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues $36,503 $33,443 $91,827 $69,743 Cost of revenues 28,850 25,563 60,342 52,859 ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit 7,653 7,880 31,485 16,884 Expenses Research and development 2,854 3,417 5,608 7,126 Marketing and administrative 4,836 3,643 10,070 7,493 ------- ------- ------- ------- Total expenses 7,690 7,060 15,678 14,619 Operating income (loss) (37) 820 15,807 2,265 Interest income 538 417 931 901 ------- ------- ------- ------- Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes 501 1,237 16,738 3,166 Provision for income taxes (155) (383) (5,188) (981) ------- ------- ------- ------- Income from continuing operations 346 854 11,550 2,185 ------- ------- ------- ------- Discontinued operations Operating loss from discontinued operations before income tax benefits (348) (741) (1,320) (1,165) Income tax benefits 108 229 409 361 ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss from discontinued operations (240) (512) (911) (804) ------- ------- ------- ------- Net income $ 106 $ 342 $10,639 $ 1,381 ======= ======= ======= ======= Earnings (loss) per share Shares used in computing basic earnings per share 13,214 12,993 13,177 12,984 Basic earnings (loss) per share Continuing operations $ 0.03 $ 0.07 $ 0.88 $ 0.17 Discontinued operations (0.02) (0.04) (0.07) (0.06) ------- ------- ------- ------- $ 0.01 $ 0.03 $ 0.81 $ 0.11 ======= ======= ======= ======= Shares used in computing diluted earnings (loss) per share 13,721 13,122 13,608 13,146 Diluted earnings (loss) per share Continuing operations $ 0.03 $ 0.07 $ 0.85 $ 0.17 Discontinued operations (0.02) (0.04) (0.07) (0.06) ------- ------- ------- ------- $ 0.01 $ 0.03 $ 0.78 $ 0.11 ======= ======= ======= ======= Accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.
STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share amount)
ASSETS September 30, March 31, 1999 1999 -------------- ---------- Current assets: (Unaudited) Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,767 $ 19,400 Short-term investments 29,149 9,934 Accounts receivable 21,966 25,414 Unbilled receivables 24,825 23,955 Inventories, net of related progress billings 6,494 6,782 Prepaid taxes and other 9,843 3,859 -------- --------- Total current assets 100,044 89,344 -------- --------- Property and equipment at cost: Electronic test equipment 44,114 43,740 Furniture and fixtures 4,169 3,584 Leasehold improvements 4,613 4,472 -------- --------- 52,896 51,796 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (42,664) (41,327) -------- --------- Net property and equipment 10,232 10,469 -------- --------- Other assets 832 1,087 -------- --------- Net assets of discontinued operation 8,164 12,089 -------- --------- $119,272 $112,989 ======== ========= LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Current maturities of long-term obligations $ 28 $ 40 Accounts payable 4,407 9,276 Advance payments from customers 1,649 2,051 Accrued liabilities 6,572 7,567 Accrued income taxes 3,685 3,961 -------- --------- Total current liabilities 16,341 22,895 -------- --------- Long-term obligations, less current maturities 62 73 -------- --------- Other long-term liabilities 485 592 -------- --------- Shareholders' equity: Common shares - par value $.01; 25,000 shares authorized Outstanding - 13,264 shares at September 30, 1999 133 131 - 13,067 shares at March 31, 1999 Paid-in capital 45,887 43,573 Retained earnings 56,364 45,725 -------- --------- Total shareholders' equity 102,384 89,429 -------- --------- $119,272 $112,989 ======== ========= Accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.
STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (UNAUDITED)
Six Months Ended September 30, -------------------- Operating activities: 1999 1998 --------- --------- Income from continuing operations $ 11,550 $ 2,185 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 2,557 1,748 Change in provision for losses on receivables, contracts and inventories 1,319 (520) Other 42 53 (Increase) decrease in assets: Receivables billed and unbilled 2,027 (3,798) Inventories (480) (692 Prepaid taxes and other assets (5,729) (2,837) Increase (decrease) in liabilities: Accounts payable, advance payments, and accrued liabilities (6,266) (128) Other long-term liabilities (107) (160) Accrued income taxes (276) 894 -------- -------- Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 4,637 (3,255) -------- -------- Investing activities: Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments 9,934 25,363 Purchases of short-term investments (29,149) (13,738) Purchases of property and equipment (2,338) (3,078) -------- -------- Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (21,553) 8,547 -------- -------- Financing activities: Payments on capital lease obligations (23) (33) Common stock repurchases 0 (598) Proceeds from transactions under stock plans 2,292 712 -------- -------- Net cash provided by financing activities 2,269 81 -------- -------- Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations (14,647) 5,373 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations 3,014 3,506 -------- -------- Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 19,400 13,914 -------- -------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 7,767 $ 22,793 ======== ======== Accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.
STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited) September 30, 1999 1. Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principals for interim financial information. 2. Fiscal Year: The Company's fiscal year ending March 31, 2000 is comprised of four 13-week quarters. Fiscal year ended March 31, 1999 was comprised of one 14-week quarter (quarter ended June 30, 1998) and three 13-week quarters. 3. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first- out) or market. Cost includes materials, labor and related indirect expenses. General and administrative costs are only included in inventory for government contracts, as such costs are reimbursed by the government. The components of inventory of continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 1999 March 31, 1999 ------------------- --------------- Work-in-progress $ 3,257 $ 4,059 Finished goods 3,209 2,696 Allocated general and administrative costs 105 83 Less: progress billings (77) (56) ------- ------- $ 6,494 $ 6,782 ======= =======
4. Earnings (loss) per share: Basic earnings per share (EPS) of continuing operations is computed by dividing net income of continuing operations by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS of continuing operations is computed by dividing net income of continuing operations by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur upon exercise of outstanding stock options. Loss per share of discontinued operations is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The following is a summary of the calculation of the number of shares used in calculating basic and diluted EPS (in thousands):
Second Quarter First Half Ended ----------------------------- ---------------------------------------- of FY 2000 of FY 1999 September 30, 1999 September 30, 1998 ---------- ---------- ------------------ ------------------ Shares used to compute basic EPS 13,214 12,993 13,177 12,984 Add effect of dilutive securities: Stock options 507 129 431 162 ------ ------ ------ ------ Shares used to compute diluted EPS 13,721 13,122 13,608 13,146 ====== ====== ====== ======
Options to purchase approximately 5,000 and 686,000 weighted shares outstanding during the first six months of fiscal years 2000 and 1999 respectively were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock during those periods. 5. Comprehensive Income: Effective April 1, 1998 the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 ("SFAS 130") "Reporting Comprehensive Income", which establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. For the first six months of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, the Company's net income was equal to comprehensive income as defined in SFAS 130. 6. Segment reporting: On March 31, 1999 Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. adopted statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) Number 131 "Disclosures about segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." SFAS 131 establishes standards for public companies relating to the reporting of financial and descriptive information about their operating segments in financial statements. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker when deciding how to allocate resources and when assessing performance. The Company's chief operating decision making group is the Executive Staff, which is comprised of the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice Presidents. The adoption of SFAS 131 did not have a material effect on the company's primary financial statements, but has expanded the disclosure of segment information contained elsewhere herein. The Company classifies its business into two reportable segments: Base Business and Wireless Broadband. The Base Business segment primarily includes multi-year hardware and software engineering services for data and voice communications. The primary customer for the Base Business segment is the U.S. Government, however, 30.5% of the revenues during the first six months of fiscal year 2000 were derived from the sale of commercial products and services including $17.8 million of licensing fees for certain patents and products associated with the Company's cable modem technology. The Wireless Broadband segment develops and produces hardware for broadband wireless applications for the two-way, high-speed transmission of voice and data. Information as to the operations of the Company in different business segments is set forth below based on the nature of the products and services offered. The company evaluates performances based on several functions of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. The accounting polices of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies within the notes within the consolidated financial statements. Intersegment sales are generally accounted for at cost. The following summarize selected financial information of continuing operations by segment for the six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998:
Non Segment Operating Segments Base Wireless Property & ------------------ Business Broadband Equipment Total (in thousands) -------- --------- --------- ----- September 30, 1999 Revenues before elimination $90,892 $ 3,274 $94,166 Revenues-Other segments (2,339) -- (2,339) Revenues-Unaffiliated customers 88,553 3,274 91,827 Operating Income (loss) 22,095 (6,288) 15,807 Net Property and Equipment 7,731 1,992 $509 10,232 Capital Expenditures 1,631 653 54 2,338 September 30, 1998 Revenues before elimination 69,487 2,050 71,537 Revenues-Other segments (1,794) -- (1,794) Revenues-Unaffiliated customers 67,693 2,050 69,743 Operating Income (loss) 8,416 (6,151) 2,265 Net Property and Equipment 8,379 2,306 726 11,411 Capital Expenditures $ 1,697 $ 847 $534 $ 3,078
The Company's assets are located in the United States. Through September 30, 1999, the Company has derived its revenues primarily from customers located in the United States. 7. On June 22, 1999 the Company entered into an agreement and plan of merger with Newbridge Networks Corporation, a Canadian corporation ("Newbridge"), which provided for the acquisition of the Company by Newbridge in a tax- free, stock-for-stock exchange valued at approximately $490 million. On November 10, 1999 the boards of directors of Newbridge and the Company approved a renegotiated agreement and plan of merger ("Amended Merger Agreement"), which provides for the acquisition of the Company by Newbridge in a taxable, cash-for-stock transaction. Under the Amended Merger Agreement, Newbridge will pay Stanford Telecom stockholders $34.22 for each share of common stock of Stanford Telecom that they own. Newbridge will pay for the acquisition from its existing cash balance. Consummation of the merger is subject to approval by the Company's stockholders at a special meeting of Stanford Telecom stockholders which is expected to be scheduled for the second week of December 1999. The exact date will be announced once regulatory authorities clear the proxy statement. Pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company has granted Newbridge an option to acquire a non-exclusive license to the Company's wireless broadband technology (the "Technology Option Agreement"), which option would be exercisable at $69 million if a third party acquired control of the Company. Also pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company has granted Newbridge an option to purchase shares of the Company's common stock equal to 19.9% of its issued and outstanding common stock at the time the option becomes exercisable (the "Stock Option Agreement"). The option becomes exercisable only in specified circumstances that could result in termination of the merger agreement. The option has an exercise price of $35 per share. Certain officers and directors of the Company have entered into voting agreements with Newbridge providing that they will vote, in their capacity as stockholders, in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. The foregoing summaries of the Amended Merger Agreement, Technology Option Agreement, Stock Option agreement and voting agreements are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the agreements. 8. On September 22, 1999 the Company entered into a definitive asset purchase agreement (the "ITT Agreement") with ITT Industries, Inc., an Indiana corporation. Pursuant to the ITT Agreement, ITT will purchase substantially all of the assets of Stanford Telecom's government business for $191 million in cash, subject to adjustment for an increase or decrease in the net book value of the assets and liabilities of the government business between March 31, 1999 and the closing, which is expected to take place in December 1999. Completion of the Asset Purchase is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, approval of the Asset Purchase by the stockholders of Stanford Telecom and consummation of the pending merger with Newbridge Networks Corporation. The Hart-Scott-Rodino waiting period was terminated on October 15, 1999. 9. Subsequent events - On October 29, 1999 Stanford Wireless Broadband, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, sold to Dii Semiconductor, Inc. substantially all of the assets of Stanford Wireless Broadband's contract manufacturing business ("MQA") and associated supply agreement with Newbridge Networks. Because the disposition plans were finalized before the Company's Form 10-Q was filed for the second quarter, the Company's consolidated condensed financial statements and notes included herein reflect MQA as a discontinued operation in accordance with Accounting Principle Board Opinion No. 30. Net revenue and loss from MQA operations, which include results through September 30, 1999, are summarized below. The sale proceeds of MQA are expected to exceed the net asset value of the discontinued operation.
Three months ending Six months ending September 30, September 30, ------------- ------------- (in thousands) 1999 1998 1999 1998 ---- ---- ---- ---- Net Revenues $5,145 $7,262 $10,817 $15,324 Operating loss (348) (741) (1,320) (1,165) Income tax benefits 108 229 409 361 ------ ------ ------- ------- Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax $ (240) $ (512) $ (911) $ (804) ====== ====== ======= =======
Net assets of MQA discontinued operations as of September 30, 1999 and March 31, 1999 are summarized below:
(in thousands) September 30, 1999 March 31, 1999 ------------------ -------------- Assets: Total current assets $10,055 $11,967 Net property and equipment 1,582 2,196 Liabilities: Total current liabilities (3,470) (2,071) Long term obligations (3) (3) ------- ------- Net assets of discontinued operations $ 8,164 $12,089 ======= =======
On November 15, 1999, the Company sold to Intel Corporation substantially all of the assets of the Company's telecom component products business, which is a component of the Company's base business operations. The purchase price was $37.5 million, and the Company realized an after-tax gain of approximately $20 million. ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview - -------- Since the Company's inception in 1973, revenues have been generated primarily from sales to agencies of the U.S. Government, including the DoD, the U.S. Air Force, Army and Navy, NASA and the FAA, or their prime contractors. Such revenues are generated from many contracts including programs requiring multi- year hardware and software development and limited production of products and systems. The Company's contracts often require the design, production, operation and maintenance of sophisticated equipment and systems and provision of system integration services in the digital telecommunications and satellite communications fields. A substantial portion of the digital telecommunications and satellite communications research and development performed by the Company since its inception has been funded by its customers and recorded as revenues by the Company. Accordingly, the cost of performing this customer-funded research and development is included in "Cost of Revenues" in the Company's financial statements. The Company's government contracts are generally cost-reimbursement plus profit or fixed-price contracts. The Company generally recognizes revenues from its long-term government contracts on a percentage-of-completion basis. Commencing in the late 1980's, the Company began to pursue commercial opportunities utilizing its digital telecommunications technology developed and enhanced by the Company since its inception. During the first six months of fiscal year 2000, commercial revenues from continuing operations amounted to approximately 34% of the total revenues reported. These commercial revenues include approximately $17.8 million in licensing fees for certain patents and products associated with the Company's cable modem technology. The Company includes in commercial revenues sales of standard or off-the-shelf products to any customers, including government customers. On October 29, 1999 Stanford Wireless Broadband, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company sold to Dii Semiconductor, Inc. substantially all of the assets of Stanford Wireless Broadband's contract manufacturing business ("MQA") and associated supply agreement with Newbridge Networks. On November 15, 1999, the Company sold to Intel Corporation substantially all of the assets of the Company's telecom component products business, which is a component of the Company's base business operations. The purchase price was $37.5 million, and the Company realized an after-tax gain of approximately $20 million. The Company's operating results have from time to time been adversely affected by non-recoverable cost overruns on certain fixed-price contracts, primarily fixed-price development contracts that have included significant software and hardware development. The Company has instituted management controls to closely monitor its bidding process and costs incurred on fixed-price development contracts, however, no assurance can be given that the Company will not incur losses on future fixed-price contracts or additional losses on existing contracts. The Company believes that development contracts are an important element in maintaining its technological leadership position in digital telecommunications. As a result, the Company may incur losses on certain fixed- price contracts. Such losses will be charged against results of operations in the period when they first become known, typically near the initiation of the contract and may have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. Cautionary Statements In the interest of providing the Company's shareholders and potential investors with certain Company information, including management's assessment of the Company's future potential, certain statements set forth herein (a) contain or are based on projections of revenue, income, earnings per share and other financial items or (b) relate to management's future plans, expectations, and objectives or to the Company's future economic performance. Such statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A(i) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and in Section 21E(i) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Although any forward-looking statements contained herein or otherwise expressed by or on behalf of the Company are to the knowledge and in the judgment of the officers and directors of the Company, expected to prove true and to come to pass, management is not able to predict the future with absolute certainty. Accordingly, shareholders and potential investors are hereby cautioned that certain events or circumstances could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or predicted herein. In addition, the forward-looking statements herein are based on management's knowledge and judgment as of the date hereof, and the Company does not intend to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events occurring or circumstances existing hereafter. For further information on the foregoing, reference is made to the Company's Securities and Exchange Commission report on Form 10-K. PARENT-SUBSIDIARY OVERVIEW - -------------------------- The Company has invested heavily in the development of a family of products to deliver telephone and data services over wireless broadband links. The high level of R&D expenses associated with the development of the wireless broadband family impacted the earnings results for the Company's base business over the past several years. During the first six months of fiscal year 2000, the Company delivered initial LMDS/MMDS production units and anticipates that production revenues will continue to increase as the demand in the broadband wireless market materializes. In order to provide further detail as to the level of revenues, cost of revenues, and operating expenses incurred by the base business and the corresponding financial performance of the broadband wireless business, the Company established a wholly owned subsidiary, Stanford Wireless Broadband, Inc. in June 1998. In addition to providing financial visibility, the establishment of the subsidiary allowed the Company's wireless broadband customers the benefit of working with a unique and separate entity dedicated to the broadband family of products. The table shown below provides a summary of the financial performance for the continuing operations in the base business operations and Stanford Wireless Broadband, Inc. for the second quarters and six months of fiscal years 2000 and 1999:
Three months ended Three months ended September 30, 1999 September 30,1998 Base Stanford Base Stanford Business Wireless Business Wireless (in thousands) Operations Broadband, Inc Operations Broadband, Inc. FY2000 FY2000 FY1999 FY1999 ------ ------ ------ ------ Revenues from unaffiliated customers Products and services $34,797 $ 1,706 $32,883 $ 560 Licenses --- --- --- --- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues $34,797 $ 1,706 $32,883 $ 560 ------- ------- ------- ------- Cost of revenues 26,231 2,619 24,783 780 ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit (loss) 8,566 (913) 8,100 (220) Expenses Research and development 1,684 1,170 964 2,453 Marketing and administrative 3,962 874 2,820 823 ------- ------- ------- ------- Total expenses 5,646 2,044 3,784 3,276 ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating income (loss) $ 2,920 $(2,957) $ 4,316 $(3,496) ======= ======= ======= =======
Six months ended Six months ended September 30, 1999 September 30,1998 Base Stanford Base Stanford Business Wireless Business Wireless (in thousands) Operations Broadband, Inc Operations Broadband, Inc. FY2000 FY2000 FY1999 FY1999 ------ ------ ------ ------ Revenues from unaffiliated customers Products and services $70,803 $ 3,274 $67,693 $ 2,050 Licenses 17,750 --- --- --- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues $88,553 $ 3,274 $67,693 $ 2,050 ------- ------- ------- ------- Cost of revenues 54,913 5,429 51,445 1,414 ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit (loss) 33,640 (2,155) 16,248 636 Expenses Research and development 3,010 2,598 1,954 5,172 Marketing and administrative 8,535 1,535 5,878 1,615 ------- ------- ------- ------- Total expenses 11,545 4,133 7,832 6,787 ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating income (loss) $22,095 $(6,288) $ 8,416 $(6,151) ======= ======= ======= =======
For the second quarter of fiscal year 2000, revenues for Base Business Operations consisted of $29.4 million and $5.4 million of Government and commercial revenues, respectively. For the first six months of fiscal year 2000, revenues of the Base Business operations consisted of $70.8 and $17.8 million of products/services and licensing fees, respectively. The $70.8 million of revenues realized by the Base Business Operations products and services consisted of $60.6 million and $10.2 million of Government and commercial revenues, respectively. Operating income for the base business segment of $22.1 million was primarily derived from $17.8 million in licensing fees for certain patents and products associated with the Company's cable modem technology. The Company's wireless broadband operations operating loss for the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal year 2000, was attributable to lower margins on the initial LMDS product deliveries. Comparison of the Second Quarter Ended September 30, 1999 and 1998 for - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- continuing operations - --------------------- Revenues. Revenues from continuing operations of the Company were $36.5 million and $33.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. Base business operations revenues increased by 6% from $32.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 1999 to $34.9 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2000. The increase in revenues for the Base Business operations was primarily the result of a 20% increase in Government revenues from $24.4 million recorded in the second quarter of fiscal year 1999 to $29.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000. This increase in Government revenues was offset by a decrease in Base Business operations commercial revenues mainly in the commercial systems engineering services. The Wireless Broadband operations revenues increased from $0.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal 1999 to $1.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 mainly due to the shipment of $1.1 million of LMDS production hardware. Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues of continuing operations were $28.9 million and $25.6 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 and 1999, respectively. The Base Business segment increase in cost of revenues during the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 was the result of the recognition of costs on a higher revenue base. The continuing operations of the Wireless Broadband operations increase in the cost of revenues for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 was the result of recognition of costs on a higher revenue base and higher cost of goods associated with LMDS production units. Research and Development. Research and development expenses of continuing operations, including bid and proposal expenses, were $2.8 million and $3.4 million during the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. Excluding bid and proposal expenses, the Company's research and development applied to the development of its products was $2.3 million and $3.0 million during the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. The decrease in research and development is mainly attributable to a decrease in expenses within the continuing operations of the wireless broadband operations as the LMDS/MMDS products transition from development to production. Base Business segment research and development, including bid and proposal expenses, increased from $1.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 1999 to $1.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2000. The increase in expenses is attributable to higher levels of expenditures in both research and development and bid and proposals associated with the Base Business segment. The Company anticipates that bid and proposal expenses in each of the remaining two quarters of fiscal year 2000 will be approximately equal to the expense for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 as the Company continues to pursue Government related business opportunities in the Base Business operations. Marketing and Administrative. Marketing and administrative expenses of continuing operations were $4.8 million and $3.6 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 and 1999, respectively. The $1.2 million increase in expenses from the second quarter of fiscal year 1999 to the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 in the Base Business operations was primarily the result of increased legal, consulting and other expenses related to the merger with Newbridge and the sale of certain business operations and increased marketing expenses in pursuit of Government business. Marketing and administrative expenses for the Wireless Broadband operations for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 were substantially equal to the expenses recorded in the second quarter of fiscal year 1999. Operating Income. The Company recorded an operating loss from continuing operations of $37 thousand for the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 compared to an operating income of $0.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 1999. The overall decrease in operating income was primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in marketing, administrative and research and development expenses in the Base Business operations in the second quarter of fiscal year 2000 offset partially by a $1.2 million reduction in research and development expenses in the Wireless Broadband operations. Interest Income. Interest income for the second quarter of fiscal 2000 increased to $0.5 million compared to $0.4 million of the second quarter of the previous fiscal year due to an increase in cash accounts resulting from receipt of a licensing fee received in the first quarter of fiscal year 2000. Provision for Income Taxes. For continuing operations, provision for income taxes was $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. Discontinued operations had tax benefits of $0.1 and $0.2 for the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. These represent a provisional tax rates of 31.0% for the second quarter of fiscal years 2000 and 1999. Comparison of Six Months Ended September 30, 1999 and 1998 for continuing - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- operations - ---------- Revenues. Revenues from continuing operations were $91.8 million and $69.7 million for the six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998, respectively, representing an increase of 32%. Base business operations revenues increased by 31% from $67.7 million in the first six months of fiscal year 1999 to $88.5 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2000. The increase in revenues for the Base Business operations was primarily the result of $17.8 million in licensing fee, and the sale of commercial telecommunication chip and board level products totaling $8.3 million for the first six months of fiscal 2000, up from $4.7 million achieved during the first half of the previous fiscal year. This increase was significantly offset by a $6.0 million decrease in commercial engineering services. The Wireless Broadband operations revenues increased from $2.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 1999 to $3.3 million in the first six months of fiscal 2000 primarily due to the second quarter shipment of $1.1 million of LMDS production hardware. Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues were $60.3 million and $52.9 million for the first half of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. Base Business operations recorded cost of revenues of $54.9 million and $51.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2000 and 1999, respectively. The Base Business operations increase in cost of revenues during the first six months of fiscal year 2000 was the result of the recognition of costs on a higher revenue base. The Wireless Broadband operations increase in the cost of revenues in the first six months of fiscal year 2000 was the result of recognition of costs on a higher revenue base and higher cost of goods associated with initial LMDS production units. Research and Development. Research and development expenses, including bid and proposal expenses were $5.6 million and $7.1 million for the first half of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. Excluding bid and proposal expenses, the Company's research and development expenses applied to the development of products such as wireless broadband communications and telecommunication chip and board level products were $4.4 million and $6.2 million for the first six months of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. The decrease in research and development is mainly attributable to a decrease in expenses within the Wireless Broadband operations as the LMDS/MMDS products transition from development to production. Base Business operations research and development expenses increased from $2.0 million in the first half of fiscal year 1999 to $3.0 million in the first half of fiscal year 2000. The increase in expenses is attributable to higher levels of expenditures in both research and development and bid and proposals associated with the Government related opportunities in the Base Business operations. Marketing and Administrative. Marketing and administrative expenses were $10.1 million and $7.5 million for the first six months of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. The increase in cost was primarily in the Base Business operations as a result of increased legal expenses associated with a patent infringement case brought by the Company against Broadcom Corporation and legal, consulting and other expenses related to the merger with Newbridge and the sale of certain business operations and increased marketing expenses in pursuit of Government business. The patent infringement case was settled during the latter part of the first quarter of fiscal 2000. Marketing and administrative expenses for the Wireless Broadband operations for the first six months of fiscal year 2000 were substantially equal to the expenses recorded in the first six months of fiscal year 1999. Operating Income. Operating income was $15.8 million and $2.3 million for the first half of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively. The increase in operating income was primarily the result of recording $17.8 million in license fees for certain patents associated with the Base Business operations' cable modem technology offset by increased costs in marketing and administrative expenses. Interest Income. Interest income for the six months of fiscal 2000 remained unchanged at approximately $0.9 million. Provision for Income Taxes. For continuing operations, provision for income taxes was $5.2 million and $1.0 million for the first half of fiscal years 2000 and 1999, respectively. Discontinued operations had tax benefits of $0.4 for the first half of both fiscal years 2000 and 1999. These represent a provisional tax rates of 31.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2000 and 1999. Bookings and Backlog - -------------------- Funded bookings of continuing operations were $36.4 million and $22.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2000 and 1999, respectively, and $91.1 million and $57.3 million for the six months ended September 30, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Bookings were derived from both the Company's commercial operations as well as its government business operations. At the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2000 and 1999, backlog for continuing operations stood at $89.9 million and $66.9 million, respectively. The Company's bookings and backlog are largely dependent upon the timing of funding by its Government customers. The Company anticipates that the Government will provide additional funding on several of its contracts in future quarters. Liquidity and Capital Resources - ------------------------------- Working capital increased from $66.4 million to $83.7 million at March 31, 1999 and September 30, 1999, respectively. The increase in working capital is attributable to cash generated from net income related to the revenues for licensing fees for certain patents and products associated with its cable modem technology. Licensing fees recognized during the first half of fiscal year 2000, totaled $17.8 million. During the first six months ending September 30, 1999 $4.6 million of cash was provided by continuing operations compared to cash used in continuing operating activities of $3.2 million during the first six months ending September 30, 1998. This increase resulted from the licensing fees collected and the decrease in accounts receivable partly offset by estimated tax payments and reduced accounts payable. The decrease in accounts receivable is related to the payment of $2.5 million against a $3.9 million secured note receivable. Accounts receivable as of September 30, 1999 includes the unpaid balance of $1.4 million against this secured note. The Company expects to recover the full value of the note receivable. Discontinued operations generated approximately $3.0 million for the first six months of fiscal years 2000 and 1999. The Company has a bank credit commitment of $15.0 million, which it has used to augment cash flow needs and to secure term loans or standby letters of credit. Available borrowings under this line at September 30, 1999, were $15.0 million. Under this credit line, the Company must maintain certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all covenants throughout fiscal year 1999 and the first six months of fiscal year 2000. At September 30, 1999, the Company's long-term obligations (including current maturities) and capital lease obligations totaled approximately $0.1 million. At September 30, 1999, cash and cash equivalents of $7.8 million were held in money market accounts. In addition, short-term investments of $29.1 million were held in U.S. Government Treasury securities. The Company believes that its current cash position, funds generated from operations, and funds available from its existing bank credit agreement, will be adequate to meet the Company's requirements for working capital, capital expenditure and debt service for this fiscal year. Year 2000 Issues - ---------------- In March 1998, the Company's Corporate Steering Committee implemented a remediation plan to address mission-critical software (mission-critical is defined as software of systems that can seriously impair the Company's ability to conduct its business) and products impacted by the Y2K issue. This plan included Information Technology "IT" systems, as well as "non-IT" systems such as building security systems. The Company's IT system is compliant and currently operating without any significant problems for the Company's fiscal year 2000, which commenced on April 2, 1999. Other mission-critical software has been tested or is in the process of being tested, updated or replaced. This was the first two phases of the Company's plan. At this time, the costs associated with these phases have been less than $100,000, and software that has been replaced has been done so in conjunction with planned changes not in connection with the Y2K issue. The third phase of the Company's plan involves the assessment of its products that might be impacted by the Y2K issue. At this time, 96% of the Company's products over the last 10 years have been reviewed. The remaining 4% are being reviewed, as well as the Company's current products. Based upon the Company's assessment of these products the Company estimates that it will complete this review by the end of November 1999. The final phase of the Company's plan is to draft and put into effect any contingency plan necessary to mitigate any Y2K issues. The Company has completed its contingency plan for its primary IT systems and expects to complete, if necessary any other contingency plans during November 1999. This phase is to be completed by the end of November 1999. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The Company's interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly since the majority of the Company's investments are in short-term instruments. Due to the nature of the short-term investments, the Company has concluded that there is no material interest rate risk exposure. Therefore, no quantitative tabular disclosures are required. PART II. OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS None ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION None ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Exhibits No. Description --- ----------- 2.1 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 22, 1999, as amended as of August 20, 1999, and amended and restated as of November 10, 1999, by and between the Company, Newbridge and Saturn Acquisition Corp. 2.2 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 1999 by and between the Company and ITT Industries, Inc., (incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 22, 1999 (File No. 001-11473), filed on September 28, 1999) 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1999) 3.2 Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule (b) Reports on Form 8-K A current report on Form 8-K dated September 22, 1999, relating to the Asset Purchase Agreement entered into by the Company with ITT Industries, Inc., which provides for the sale of the Company's government business assets, was filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 1999. Information regarding the Asset Purchase Agreement was reported in the Form 8-K under Items 5 and 7. No financial statements were filed with the Current Report. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. (Registrant) /s/ Jerome F. Klajbor - ----------------------------- Jerome F. Klajbor Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) November 16, 1999 EXHIBIT INDEX No. Description --- ----------- 2.1 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 22, 1999, as amended as of August 20, 1999, and amended and restated as of November 10, 1999, by and between the Company, Newbridge and Saturn Acquisition Corp. 2.2 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 1999 by and between the Company and ITT Industries, Inc., (incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 22, 1999 (File No. 001-11473), filed on September 28, 1999) 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1999) 3.2 Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule EX-2.1 2 AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER EXHIBIT 2.1 AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER BY AND AMONG NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS CORPORATION SATURN ACQUISITION CORP. AND STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. Dated as of June 22, 1999 and amended and restated as of November 10, 1999 DEFINITIONS
"Accounts Receivable"..................................... Section 3.19(a) "Acquisition Proposal".................................... Section 5.2(c) "Acquisition Transaction"................................. Section 5.2(c) "Action".................................................. Section 3.12(a) "Antitrust Division"...................................... Section 5.5 "Cash Consideration"...................................... Section 2.1(a) "CERCLA".................................................. Section 3.24(a)(iii) "CFIUS"................................................... Section 5.5 "Certificate of Merger"................................... Section 1.2 "Closing"................................................. Section 1.2 "Closing Date"............................................ Section 1.2 "COBRA"................................................... Section 3.15(b) "Code".................................................... Section 3.22(b)(vi) "Confidentiality Agreement"............................... Section 5.3 "Contractor".............................................. Section 3.24(a)(i) "Delaware Law"............................................ Section 1.1 "Dissenting Shares"....................................... Section 2.5 "Dissenting Stockholder".................................. Section 2.5 "Effective Time".......................................... Section 1.2 "End Date"................................................ Section 8.1(b) "Employee Benefit Plans".................................. Section 3.23(a) "Environment"............................................. Section 3.24(a)(ii) "Environmental Law"....................................... Section 3.24(a)(iii) "Environmental Permit".................................... Section 3.24(a)(iv) "ERISA"................................................... Section 3.23(a) "ERISA Affiliate"......................................... Section 3.23(a) "Exchange Act"............................................ Section 3.3 "Exon-Florio Amendment"................................... Section 3.3 "Foreign Plan"............................................ Section 3.23(n) "FTC"..................................................... Section 5.5 "GAAP".................................................... Section 3.8 "Government Bid".......................................... Section 3.17(a)(ii) "Government Contract"..................................... Section 3.17(a)(iii) "Government Entity"....................................... Section 3.3 "Government Body"......................................... Section 3.17(a)(i) "Group Health Plan"....................................... Section 3.23(k) "Hazardous Material"...................................... Section 3.24(a)(v) "Holder".................................................. Section 2.3(c) "HSR Act"................................................. Section 3.3 "Indemnified Parties"..................................... Section 5.8(b) "IRS"..................................................... Section 3.22(b)(iii) "law"..................................................... Section 9.11 "Legal Requirement"....................................... Section 3.17(a)(iv) "Merger".................................................. Recitals "Merger Sub".............................................. Preamble "Merger Sub Common Stock"................................. Section 2.1(d) "Newbridge"............................................... Preamble "Newbridge Disclosure Statement".......................... Article IV "Newbridge Exchange Options".............................. Section 2.2(a)
DEFINITIONS--(Continued)
"Newbridge Material Adverse Effect"........ Section 4.1(a) "Newbridge Material Subsidiaries".......... Section 4.1(a) "Non-core Assets"....... Section 5.18 "Non-core Asset Sale"... Section 5.18 "Notice of Superior Proposal".............. Section 5.4(c) "Option Exchange Ratio"................. Section 2.2(a) "Paying Agent".......... Section 2.3(a) "Pension Benefit Plans"................. Section 3.23(a) "Person"................ Section 2.1(g) "Potential Acquiror".... Section 5.2(a) "Proxy Statement"....... Section 3.3 "Real Property"......... Section 3.24(b)(iv) "Reference Date"........ Section 3.8 "Returns"............... Section 3.22(b)(i) "Stel".................. Preamble "Stel Balance Sheet".... Section 3.8 "Stel Certificate"...... Section 2.3(c) "Stel Common Stock"..... Recitals "Stel Contract"......... Section 3.14(b) "Stel Disclosure Statement"............. Article III "Stel Financial Statements"............ Section 3.8 "Stel IP Rights"........ Section 3.18(a) "Stel Material Adverse Effect"................ Section 3.1(a) "Stel Options".......... Section 2.2(a) "Stel Purchase Plan".... Section 2.2(c) "Stel Rights"........... Section 3.4 "Stel Rights Plan"...... Section 3.4 "Stel SEC Reports"...... Section 3.7(a) "Stel Special Meeting".. Section 5.4(a) "Stel Stock Plans"...... Section 2.2(a) "Stel Triggering Event"................. Section 8.1(i) "SEC"................... Section 3.7(a) "Securities Act"........ Section 3.7(a) "Stock Option Agreement"............. Recitals "Subsidiary"............ Section 2.1(g) "Superior Proposal"..... Section 5.2(d) "Surviving Corporation"........... Section 1.1 "Tax or Taxes".......... Section 3.22(a) "Technology Option Agreement"............. Recitals "Termination Fee"....... Section 8.3(b)(i) "Third Party"........... Section 5.2(c) "Voting Agreements"..... Recitals "Welfare Benefit Plans"................. Section 3.23(a) "Year 2000 Compliant"... Section 3.30
AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER This AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of June 22, 1999, amended as of August 20, 1999 and amended and restated as of November 10, 1999 by and among Newbridge Networks Corporation, a Canadian corporation ("Newbridge"), Saturn Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Newbridge ("Merger Sub"), and Stanford Telecommunications, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Stel"), with respect to the following facts: A. The respective boards of directors of Newbridge, Merger Sub and Stel have approved and declared advisable the merger of Merger Sub with and into Stel (the "Merger"), upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, and have determined that the Merger and the other transactions are fair to, and in the best interests of, their respective stockholders. B. Simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement to Newbridge's and the Merger Sub's willingness to enter into this Agreement, Newbridge is entering into a Stock Option Agreement dated the date hereof in the form of Exhibit A (the "Stock Option Agreement") with Stel, pursuant to which Stel is granting to Newbridge the right and option to purchase shares of Stel Common Stock, $.01 par value ("Stel Common Stock") from Stel equal to up to 19.9% of issued and outstanding Stel Common Stock. C. Simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement to Newbridge's and the Merger Sub's willingness to enter into this Agreement, Newbridge is entering into the Wireless Broadband Products Technology License Option Agreement in the form of Exhibit B (the "Technology Option Agreement") with Stel. D. Simultaneously with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and as a condition and inducement to Newbridge's and the Merger Sub's willingness to enter into this Agreement, Newbridge is entering into Voting Agreements in the form of Exhibit C with certain directors and officers of Stel in their respective capacities as stockholders of Stel (the "Voting Agreements"). E. For the purpose of this Agreement, the date of this Agreement and the date of the execution and delivery of this Agreement shall be deemed to be June 22, 1999. The parties agree as follows: ARTICLE I THE MERGER 1.1 The Merger. At the Effective Time (as defined in Section 1.2) and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the applicable provisions of Delaware General Corporation Law (the "Delaware Law"), (i) Merger Sub shall be merged with and into Stel, (ii) the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease, and (iii) Stel shall be the surviving corporation. Stel as the surviving corporation after the Merger is hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "Surviving Corporation." 1.2 Closing; Effective Time. The closing of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby (the "Closing") will take place at 10:00 a.m., local time, on a date to be specified by the parties (the "Closing Date"), which shall be no later than the first business day after satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Articles VI and VII, unless another time or date is agreed to by the parties hereto. The Closing shall take place at the offices of Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe, 525 University Avenue, Palo Alto, California, or at such other location as the parties hereto shall mutually agree. At the Closing, the parties hereto shall cause the A-1 Merger to be consummated by filing a certificate of merger substantially in the form of Exhibit D (the "Certificate of Merger") with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Delaware Law (the time of such filing, or such later time as may be agreed in writing by the parties and specified in the Certificate of Merger, being the "Effective Time"). 1.3 Effects of the Merger. The effects of the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Certificate of Merger and the applicable provisions of the Delaware Law. Without limiting the foregoing, at the Effective Time all the property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of Stel and Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Corporation, and all debts, liabilities and duties of Stel and Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving Corporation. 1.4 Certificate of Incorporation; Bylaws. (a) Subject to Section 5.8, from and after the Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of Stel, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation, until changed or amended as provided by law. (b) Subject to Section 5.8, from and after the Effective Time, the bylaws of Merger Sub, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation. 1.5 Directors and Officers of the Surviving Corporation. The directors and officers of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time shall serve as the initial directors and officers of the Surviving Corporation, until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified. ARTICLE II CONVERSION OF SHARES 2.1 Conversion of Stock. Pursuant to the Merger, and without any action on the part of the holders of any outstanding shares of capital stock or other securities of Stel or Merger Sub: (a) As of the Effective Time each share of Stel Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than shares of Stel Common Stock to be canceled pursuant to Section 2.1(c) or as provided in Section 2.5 with respect to shares of Stel Common Stock as to which appraisal rights have been exercised under Delaware Law) shall be automatically converted into the right to receive in cash without interest an amount equal to U.S. $34.22 (the "Cash Consideration"). (b) As of the Effective Time, each holder of a certificate or certificates which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, except the right to receive a cash payment equal to the number of shares represented by such Stel Certificate multiplied by the Cash Consideration. (c) As of the Effective Time, each share of Stel Common Stock held of record immediately prior to the Effective Time by Stel, Merger Sub, Newbridge or any wholly-owned subsidiary of Stel or of Newbridge shall be canceled and extinguished without any conversion thereof. (d) As of the Effective Time, each share of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Merger Sub (the "Merger Sub Common Stock") issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be canceled, extinguished and automatically converted into one validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable share of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Surviving Corporation. Each certificate evidencing ownership of a number of shares of Merger Sub Common Stock shall be deemed to evidence ownership of the same number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Surviving Corporation. A-2 (e) For purposes of this Agreement, the term "Subsidiary", when used with respect to any Person, means any corporation or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which (A) at least a majority of the securities or other interests having by their terms ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or others performing similar functions with respect to such corporation or other organization is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such Person (through ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise) or (B) such Person or any Subsidiary of such Person is a general partner of any general partnership or a manager of any limited liability company. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "Person" means any individual, group, organization, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or entity of any kind. 2.2 Stel Options; Stock Purchase Plan. (a) As of the Effective Time, Newbridge shall, to the full extent permitted by applicable law, assume all of the stock options of Stel outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time under the Stel Stock Plans (as defined below) (the "Stel Options"). For purposes of this Agreement, "Stel Stock Plans" means Stel's 1982 Stock Option Plan, and 1991 Stock Option Plan. Each Stel Option, whether or not exercisable at the Effective Time, shall, to the full extent permitted by applicable law, be assumed by Newbridge in such a manner that it shall be exercisable upon the same terms and conditions as under the Stel Stock Plan pursuant to which it was granted and the applicable option agreement issued thereunder; provided that: (i) each such option shall thereafter be exercisable for the number of shares of Newbridge Common Stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the product obtained from multiplying the number of shares of Stel Common Stock covered by such option immediately prior to the Effective Time by a fraction (the "Option Exchange Ratio"), the numerator of which is the Cash Consideration and the denominator of which is the average of the daily averages of the high and low per share prices of Newbridge Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape on the five trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the Stel Special Meeting; and (ii) the option price per share of Newbridge Common Stock thereafter shall be equal to the quotient (rounded up to the nearest whole cent) obtained from dividing the option price per share of Stel Common Stock subject to such option in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time by the Option Exchange Ratio. Stel Options assumed in the manner described in this Section are referred to in this Agreement as the "Newbridge Exchange Options". Prior to the Effective Time, Stel shall make all adjustments provided for in the Stel Stock plan with respect to the Stel Options to facilitate the implementation of the provisions of this Section 2.2(a). (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a) above, the holders of Stel Options which are vested or will be vested as of the Effective Time shall have the ability to exercise such options effective as of the Effective Time on a "cash-out" basis. Newbridge and Stel will provide a mechanism whereby, after the Effective Time, each such Stel Option holder who has so exercised will receive a cash payment equal to (i) the product of (A) the number of shares of Stel Common Stock exercised and (B) the excess of the Cash Consideration over the exercise price per share of Stel Common Stock, less (ii) any applicable withholding or employment taxes. (c) All the purchase rights under Stel's 1992 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("Stel Purchase Plan") shall terminate following the purchase of shares in respect of the Participation Period (as defined in the Stel Purchase Plan) beginning on or about June 30, 1999 and no Participation Period shall be commended thereafter. All funds contributed to the Stel Purchase Plan that have not been used to purchase shares of Stel Common Stock by the termination date of the Stel Purchase Plan shall be returned after such termination date in accordance with Section 8 of the Stel Purchase Plan. A-3 2.3 Paying Agent. (a) At or prior to the Effective Time, Newbridge shall enter into an agreement with a bank or trust company selected by Newbridge to act as the paying agent for the Merger (the "Paying Agent"). (b) At or prior to the Effective Time, Newbridge shall supply or cause to be supplied to or for the account of the Paying Agent in trust for the benefit of the holders of Stel Common Stock the funds necessary to make the payments contemplated by Section 2.1. Such funds shall be invested by the Paying Agent as directed by Newbridge in accordance with Newbridge's investment policy. (c) Promptly after the Effective Time, Newbridge shall mail or shall cause to be mailed to each Holder a letter of transmittal (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Stel Certificates shall pass, only upon proper delivery of the Stel Certificates to the Paying Agent) and instructions for surrender of the Stel Certificates. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent of a Stel Certificate, together with such letter of transmittal duly executed, the Holder shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor a cash payment equal to the number of shares represented by such Stel Certificate multiplied by the Cash Consideration, and such Stel Certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be canceled. No cash payment will be issued to a Person who is not the registered owner of a surrendered Stel Certificate, unless (i) the Stel Certificate so surrendered has been properly endorsed or otherwise is in proper form for transfer, and (ii) such Person shall either (A) pay any transfer or other tax required by reason of such issuance or (B) establish to the satisfaction of the Surviving Corporation that such tax has been paid or is not applicable. Until surrendered in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.3, from and after the Effective Time, each Stel Certificate shall be deemed to represent the right to receive a cash payment equal to the number of shares represented by such Stel Certificate multiplied by the Cash Consideration. For purposes of this Agreement, "Stel Certificate" means a certificate which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented shares of Stel Common Stock, and "Holder" means a person who holds one or more Stel Certificates as of the Effective Time. (d) Any portion of the funds supplied to the Paying Agent which remains undistributed to the former stockholders of Stel for twelve (12) months after the Effective Time shall be delivered to Newbridge, upon demand of Newbridge, and any such former stockholders who have not theretofore complied with this Section 2.3 shall thereafter look only to Newbridge (subject to abandoned property, escheat and other similar laws) only as general creditors of Newbridge with respect to any consideration set forth in Section 2.1 that may be payable upon surrender of their Stel Certificates. (e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, none of the Paying Agent, Newbridge, the Surviving Corporation nor any party hereto shall be liable to any holder of shares of Stel Common Stock for any consideration set forth in Section 2.1 delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. 2.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In the event that any Stel Certificates shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Paying Agent shall make in respect of such lost, stolen or destroyed Stel Certificates, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof, a cash payment equal to the number of shares represented by such Stel Certificate multiplied by the Cash Consideration; provided, however, that Newbridge may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the payment thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed Stel Certificate to deliver a bond in such sum as Newbridge may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against Newbridge or the Paying Agent with respect to the Stel Certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. 2.5 Appraisal Rights; Dissenting Shares. Any issued and outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock held by a person who has properly demanded an appraisal and perfected the right to dissent under Delaware Law and who has not effectively withdrawn or lost such rights as of the Effective Time (the "Dissenting Shares") shall not be converted into or represent the right to receive the Cash Consideration, and the holders thereof shall be entitled only to such rights as are granted by Delaware Law. Stel shall give Newbridge prompt A-4 notice upon receipt by Stel of any such written demands for payment of the fair value of such shares of Stel Common Stock and of withdrawals of such demands and any other instruments provided pursuant to Delaware Law (any stockholder duly making such demands being hereafter called a "Dissenting Stockholder"). Any payments made in respect of Dissenting Shares shall be made by Newbridge. If any Dissenting Stockholder shall effectively withdraw or lose (through failure to perfect or otherwise) his right to such payment at or prior to the Effective Time, such holder's shares of Stel Common Stock shall be converted into a right to receive the Cash Consideration in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Agreement. ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF STEL Stel makes to Newbridge and Merger Sub the representations and warranties contained in this Article III, in each case subject to the exceptions set forth in the disclosure statement, dated as of the date hereof (the "Stel Disclosure Statement". The Stel Disclosure Statement shall be arranged in schedules corresponding to the numbered and lettered Sections of this Article III, and the disclosure in any Schedule of the Stel Disclosure Statement shall qualify only the corresponding Section of this Article III. 3.1 Organization, Etc. (a) Each of Stel and its Subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, and has all requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted. Each of Stel and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign Person to do business, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the character of its owned or leased properties or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. For the purposes of this Agreement, "Stel Material Adverse Effect" means any change, event or effect that is materially adverse to either (i) the business, operations or assets of Stel's wireless broadband products division or its telecom products components division, or (ii) the general affairs, business, operations, assets, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of Stel and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole. (b) Stel is not in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws. None of Stel's Subsidiaries is in violation of its certificate of incorporation or other charter document or in material violation of its bylaws. Schedule 3.1(b) of the Stel Disclosure Statement sets forth (i) the full name of each Subsidiary of Stel, its capitalization and the ownership interest of Stel and each other Person (if any) therein, (ii) the jurisdiction in which each such Subsidiary is organized, (iii) each jurisdiction in which Stel and each Subsidiary of Stel is qualified to do business as a foreign Person, (iv) a brief summary of the business and material operations of each Subsidiary of Stel, and (v) the names of the current directors and officers of Stel and of each Subsidiary of Stel. Stel has made available to Newbridge accurate and complete copies of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws and any other charter documents, as currently in effect, of Stel and each of its Subsidiaries. 3.2 Authority Relative to This Agreement. Stel has full corporate power and authority to (i) execute and deliver this Agreement, (ii) execute and deliver the Stock Option Agreement, (iii) execute and deliver the Technology Option Agreement, (iv) consummate the transactions contemplated by the Stock Option Agreement and Technology Option Agreement, and (v) assuming the approval of the Merger and the approval of the sale of Stel's government business assets by a majority of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock at the Stel Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in accordance with Delaware Law, consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, and the consummation of the Merger, the sale of the government business assets and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, have been duly A-5 and validly authorized by the unanimous vote of the board of directors of Stel, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Stel are necessary to authorize this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (other than, (a) with respect to the Merger, the approval of the Merger by a majority of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock at the Stel Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in accordance with the Delaware Law or (b) with respect to the sale of the government business assets, the approval of such sale by a majority of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock). Each of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Stel and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Newbridge and, in the case of this Agreement, by Merger Sub, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of Stel, enforceable against Stel in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that its enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles. 3.3 No Violations, Etc. No filing with or notification to, and no permit, authorization, consent or approval of, any court, administrative agency, commission, or other governmental or regulatory body, authority or instrumentality ("Government Entity") is necessary on the part of Stel for the consummation by Stel of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and by the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, or for the exercise by Newbridge and the Surviving Corporation of full rights to own and operate the business of Stel and its Subsidiaries as presently being conducted, except for (i) the filing of the Certificate of Merger as required by Delaware Law, (ii) compliance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (together with the Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder, the "Exchange Act") including the filing of a proxy statement on Schedule 14A (the "Proxy Statement"), state securities or "blue sky" laws and state takeover laws, (iii) any filing required under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the "HSR Act") and (iv) the voluntary notice to be filed under Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by Section 5021 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (the "Exon-Florio Amendment"). Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement, and the Technology Option Agreement nor the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby nor compliance by Stel with all of the provisions hereof and thereof, nor the exercise by Newbridge and the Surviving Corporation of full rights to own and operate the business of Stel and its Subsidiaries as presently being conducted will, subject to obtaining the approval of this Agreement by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock at the Stel Special Meeting or any adjournment thereof in accordance with Delaware Law, (i) conflict with or result in any breach of any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter document of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) violate any material order, writ, injunction, decree, statute, rule or regulation applicable to Stel, or any of its Subsidiaries, or by which any of their properties or assets may be bound, or (iii) result in a violation or breach of, or constitute (with or without due notice or lapse of time or both) a default under, or result in any material change in, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation, acceleration, redemption or repurchase under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any material note, bond, mortgage, indenture, deed of trust, license, lease, contract, agreement or other instrument or obligation to which Stel or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of them or any of their properties or assets may be bound. Schedule 3.3 of the Stel Disclosure Statement lists all consents, waivers and approvals required to be obtained in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or by the Stock Option Agreement or Technology Option Agreement under any of Stel's or any of its Subsidiaries' notes, bonds, mortgages, indentures, deeds of trust, licenses or leases, contracts, agreements or other instruments or obligations the failure to obtain which would have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. 3.4 Board Recommendation. The board of directors of Stel has unanimously (i) approved and adopted this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement (ii) determined that this Agreement is fair to and in the best interests of the stockholders of Stel, (iii) resolved to recommend approval of this Agreement to the stockholders of Stel, (iv) resolved that Stel take all action necessary to exempt the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement A-6 and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby from the provisions of all applicable state antitakeover statutes and regulations, including, but not limited to, Section 203 of the Delaware Law, and (v) amended the Stel Rights Agreement (the "Stel Rights Plan") dated as of May 9, 1995 between Stel and the First National Bank of Boston to render the rights issued thereunder (the "Stel Rights") inapplicable to the Merger, this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement and the other transactions contemplated hereby, and to terminate the Stel Rights Plan as of the Effective Time. 3.5 Fairness Opinion. Stel has received the opinion of Ferris, Baker, Watts dated June 21, 1999, as amended on November 10, 1999, to the effect that the consideration to be received by the Stel stockholders in the merger is fair the Stel stockholders from a financial point of view, and has provided a copy of the written opinion to Newbridge. 3.6 Capitalization. (a) The authorized capital stock of Stel consists of 25,000,000 shares of Stel Common Stock. As of June 16, 1999, there were (i) 13,152,959 shares of Stel Common Stock outstanding, and (ii) no treasury shares. (b) Other than the Stel Common Stock, there are no equity securities of any class of Stel, or any securities convertible into or exercisable for any such equity securities, issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding. Except for the Stel Options, Stel Rights, and purchase rights under the Stel Purchase Plan there are no warrants, options, convertible securities, calls, rights, stock appreciation rights, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or agreements or commitments of any nature obligating Stel to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, additional shares of capital stock or other equity interests of Stel, or obligating Stel to grant, issue, extend, accelerate the vesting of, or enter into, any such warrant, option, convertible security, call, right, stock appreciation right, preemptive right, right of first refusal, agreement or commitment. To the knowledge of Stel, except for the Voting Agreements, there are no voting trusts, proxies or other agreements or understandings with respect to the capital stock of Stel. (c) True and complete copies of each Stel Stock Plan and the Stel Purchase Plan, and of the forms of all agreements and instruments relating to or issued under each thereof, have been made available to Newbridge. Such agreements, instruments, and forms have not been amended, modified or supplemented, and there are no agreements to amend, modify or supplement any such agreements, instruments or forms. (d) Schedule 3.6(d) of the Stel Disclosure Statement sets forth the following information with respect to Stel Options outstanding as of June 16, 1999: the aggregate number of shares issuable thereunder, the type of option, the grant date, the expiration date, the exercise price and the vesting schedule. Each Stel Option was granted in accordance with the terms of the Stel Stock Plan applicable thereto. The terms of each of the Stel Stock Plans do not prohibit the assumption of the Stel Options as provided in Section 2.2(a). Consummation of the Merger will accelerate vesting of all Stel Options, except those which have been outstanding for less than one year as of the Effective Time. 3.7 SEC Filings. (a) Stel has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") all required forms, reports, registration statements and documents required to be filed by it with the SEC (collectively, all such forms, reports, registration statements and documents filed since April 1, 1996 are referred to herein as the "Stel SEC Reports"). All of the Stel SEC Reports complied as to form, when filed, in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the "Securities Act") and the Exchange Act. Accurate and complete copies of the Stel SEC Reports have been made available to Newbridge. As of their respective dates, the Stel SEC Reports (including all exhibits and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein) did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary A-7 to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Stel has been advised by each of its officers and directors that each such person and such persons affiliates have complied with all filing requirements under Section 13 and Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. 3.8 Financial Statements. Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each case, any related notes thereto) contained in the Stel SEC Reports (the "Stel Financial Statements"), (a) was prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto or, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, as may be permitted by the SEC on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act) and (b) fairly presented the consolidated financial position of Stel and its Subsidiaries as at the respective dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods indicated, consistent with the books and records of Stel, except that the unaudited interim financial statements were or are subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments which were not, or are not expected to be, material in amount. The balance sheet of Stel contained in Stel's Annual Report to Stockholders for the year ended March 31, 1999 (the "Reference Date") is hereinafter referred to as the "Stel Balance Sheet". 3.9 Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) other than (i) liabilities included in the Stel Balance Sheet and the related notes to the financial statements, (ii) normal or recurring liabilities incurred since the Reference Date in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice which, individually or in the aggregate, would not be reasonably likely to have a Stel Material Adverse Effect, and (iii) liabilities under this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement. 3.10 Absence of Changes or Events. Except as contemplated by this Agreement, since the Reference Date no Stel Material Adverse Effect has occurred and, in addition, Stel and its Subsidiaries have not, directly or indirectly: (a) purchased, otherwise acquired, or agreed to purchase or otherwise acquire, any shares of capital stock of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, or declared, set aside or paid any dividend or otherwise made a distribution (whether in cash, stock or property or any combination thereof) in respect of their capital stock (other than dividends or other distributions payable solely to Stel or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Stel); (b) authorized for issuance, issued, sold, delivered, granted or issued any options, warrants, calls, subscriptions or other rights for, or otherwise agreed or committed to issue, sell or deliver any shares of any class of capital stock of Stel or its Subsidiaries or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of any class of capital stock of Stel or its Subsidiaries, other than pursuant to and in accordance with the Stel Stock Plans; (c)(i) created or incurred any indebtedness for borrowed money exceeding U.S. $100,000 in the aggregate, (ii) assumed, guaranteed, endorsed or otherwise as an accommodation become responsible for the obligations of any other individual, firm or corporation, made any loans or advances to any other individual, firm or corporation exceeding U.S. $100,000 in the aggregate, (iii) entered into any oral or written material agreement or any commitment or transaction or incurred any liabilities material to Stel and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or involving in excess of U.S. $100,000; (d) instituted any change in accounting methods, principles or practices other than as required by GAAP or the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC and disclosed in the notes to the Stel Financial Statements; (e) revalued any assets, including without limitation, writing down the value of inventory or writing off notes or accounts receivable in excess of amounts previously reserved as reflected in the Stel Balance Sheet; (f) suffered any damage, destruction or loss, whether covered by insurance or not, except for such as would not, individually and in the aggregate exceed $250,000; A-8 (g)(i) increased in any manner the compensation of any of its directors, officers or, other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, non-officer employees, (ii) granted any severance or termination pay to any Person; (iii) entered into any oral or written employment, consulting, indemnification or severance agreement with any Person; (iv) adopted, become obligated under, or amended any employee benefit plan, program or arrangement; or (v) repriced any Stel Options; (h) sold, transferred, leased, licensed, pledged, mortgaged, encumbered, or otherwise disposed of, or agreed to sell, transfer, lease, license, pledge, mortgage, encumber, or otherwise dispose of, any material properties, (including intangibles, real, personal or mixed); (i) amended its certificate of incorporation, bylaws, or any other charter document, or effected or been a party to any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction; (j) made any capital expenditure in any calendar month which, when added to all other capital expenditures made by or on behalf of Stel and its Subsidiaries in such calendar month resulted in such capital expenditures exceeding U.S. $250,000 in the aggregate; (k) paid, discharged or satisfied any material claims, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise), other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction of liabilities (including accounts payable) in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, or collected, or accelerated the collection of, any amounts owed (including accounts receivable) other than their collection in the ordinary course of business; (l) waived, released, assigned, settled or compromised any material claim or litigation, or commenced a lawsuit other than for the routine collection of bills; (m) agreed or proposed to do any of the things described in the preceding clauses (a) through (l) other than as expressly contemplated or provided for in this Agreement. 3.11 Capital Stock of Subsidiaries. Stel is directly or indirectly the record and beneficial owner of all of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each of its Subsidiaries (other than qualifying shares, the ownership of which is set forth in Schedule 3.11 of the Stel Disclosure Statement). All of such shares have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive rights with respect thereto and are owned by Stel free and clear of any claim, lien or encumbrance of any kind with respect thereto. There are no proxies or voting agreements with respect to such shares, and there are not any existing options, warrants, calls, subscriptions, or other rights or other agreements or commitments obligating Stel or any Subsidiaries to issue, transfer or sell any shares of capital stock of any Subsidiary or any other securities convertible into, exercisable for, or evidencing the right to subscribe for any such shares. Stel does not directly or indirectly own any interest in any Person except the Subsidiaries. 3.12 Litigation. (a) There is no private or governmental claim, action, suit (whether in law or in equity), investigation or proceeding of any nature ("Action") pending or, to the knowledge of Stel, threatened against Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers and directors (in their capacities as such), or involving any of their assets, before any court, governmental or regulatory authority or body, or arbitration tribunal, except for those Actions which, individually and in the aggregate, would not have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. There is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of Stel, threatened which in any manner challenges, seeks to, or is reasonably likely to prevent, enjoin, alter or delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement or the Technology Option Agreement. (b) There is no outstanding judgment, order, writ, injunction or decree of any court, governmental or regulatory authority or body, or arbitration tribunal in a proceeding to which Stel, any Subsidiary of Stel, or any of their assets is or was a party or by which Stel, any Subsidiary of Stel, or any of their assets is bound. A-9 3.13 Insurance. Schedule 3.13 of the Stel Disclosure Statement lists all insurance policies (including without limitation workers compensation insurance policies) covering the business, properties or assets of Stel and its Subsidiaries, the premiums and coverages of such policies, and all claims in excess of U.S. $50,000 made against any such policies since April 1, 1996. All such policies are in effect, and true and complete copies of all such policies have been made available to Newbridge. Stel has not received notice of the cancellation or threat of cancellation of any of such policy. 3.14 Contracts and Commitments. (a) Except as filed as an exhibit to Stel's SEC Reports, neither Stel nor its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any oral or written contract, obligation or commitment of any type in any of the following categories: (i) agreements or arrangements that contain severance pay, understandings with respect to tax arrangements, understandings with respect to expatriate benefits, or post-employment liabilities or obligations; (ii) agreements or plans under which benefits will be increased or accelerated by the occurrence of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or the Stock Option Agreement or under which the value of the benefits will be calculated on the basis of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Stock Option Agreement; (iii) agreements, contracts or commitments currently in force relating to the disposition or acquisition of material assets other than in the ordinary course of business, or relating to an ownership interest in any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business enterprise; (iv) agreements, contracts or commitments (A) relating to the acquisition, transfer, development, sharing, license (to or by Stel), or use of any Stel IP Right (except for any contract pursuant to which any Stel IP Right is licensed to Stel under any third party software license generally available to the public), or (B) with respect to the manufacturing, distribution or marketing of any products of Stel; (v) agreements, contracts or commitments for the purchase of materials, supplies or equipment which provide for purchase prices substantially greater than those presently prevailing for such materials, supplies or equipment, or which are with sole or single source suppliers, other than those which if terminated would not constitute a Material Adverse Effect; (vi) guarantees or other agreements, contracts or commitments under which Stel or any of its Subsidiaries is absolutely or contingently liable for (A) the performance of any other person, firm or corporation (other than Stel or its Subsidiaries), or (B) the whole or any part of the indebtedness or liabilities of any other person, firm or corporation (other than Stel or its Subsidiaries); (vii) powers of attorney authorizing the incurrence of a material obligation on the part of Stel or its Subsidiaries; (viii) agreements, contracts or commitments which limit or restrict (A) where Stel or any of its Subsidiaries may conduct business, (B) the type or lines of business (current or future) in which they may engage, or (C) any acquisition of assets or stock (tangible or intangible) by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries; (ix) agreements, contracts or commitments containing any agreement with respect to a change of control of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries; (x) agreements, contracts or commitments for the borrowing or lending of money, or the availability of credit (except credit extended by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries to customers in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice); and (xi) any hedging, option, derivative or other similar transaction and any foreign exchange position or contract for the exchange of currency; A-10 (b) Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to Stel's knowledge any other party to a Stel Contract (as defined below), has breached, violated or defaulted under, or received notice that it has breached, violated or defaulted under, (nor does there exist any condition under which, with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both, could reasonably be expected to cause such a breach, violation or default under), any material agreement, contract or commitment to which Stel or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of them or any of their properties or assets may be bound (any such agreement, contract or commitment, a "Stel Contract"), other than any breaches, violations or defaults which individually or in the aggregate would not have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (c) Each Stel Contract is a valid, binding and enforceable obligation of Stel and to Stel's knowledge, of the other party or parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, and in full force and effect, except where the failure to be valid, binding, enforceable and in full force and effect would not have a Stel Material Adverse Effect and to the extent enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other laws affecting the enforcement of creditors rights governing or by general principles of equity. (d) An accurate and complete copy of each Stel Contract has been made available to Newbridge. 3.15 Labor Matters; Employment and Labor Contracts. (a) None of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any union contract or other collective bargaining agreement, nor to the knowledge of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries are there any activities or proceedings of any labor union to organize any of its employees. Each of Stel and its Subsidiaries is in compliance with all applicable (i) laws, regulations and agreements respecting employment and employment practices, (ii) terms and conditions of employment, and (iii) occupational health and safety requirements, except for those failures to comply which, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (b) There is no labor strike, slowdown or stoppage pending (or any labor strike or stoppage threatened) against Stel or any of its Subsidiaries. No petition for certification has been filed and is pending before the National Labor Relations Board with respect to any employees of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries who are not currently organized. Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligations under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended ("COBRA"), with respect to any former employees or qualifying beneficiaries thereunder, except for obligations that would not have, individually or in the aggregate, a Stel Material Adverse Effect. There are no controversies pending or, to the knowledge of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, threatened, between Stel or any of its Subsidiaries and any of their respective employees, which controversies would have, individually or in the aggregate, a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (c) Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any employment agreements or arrangements that are not terminable at will by Stel or its Subsidiaries. 3.16 Compliance with Laws. Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has violated or failed to comply with any statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation (including without limitation relating to the export or import of goods or technology) of any foreign, federal, state or local government or any other governmental department or agency, except where any such violations or failures to comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. Stel and its Subsidiaries have all permits, licenses and franchises from governmental agencies required to conduct their businesses as now being conducted and as proposed to be conducted, except for those, the absence of which, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. 3.17 Government Contracts. (a) For purposes of this Agreement: (i) "Government Body" shall mean any: (A) nation, state, commonwealth, province, territory, county, municipality, district or other jurisdiction of any nature; (B) federal, state, local, municipal, foreign A-11 or other government; or (C) governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental division, department, agency, commission, instrumentality, official, organization, unit, body or entity and any court or other tribunal). (ii) "Government Bid" shall mean any quotation, bid or proposal submitted to any Government Body or any proposed prime contractor or higher-tier subcontractor of any Government Body. (iii) "Government Contract" shall mean any prime contract, subcontract, letter contract, purchase order or delivery order executed or submitted to or on behalf of any Government Body or any prime contractor or higher-tier subcontractor, or under which any Government Body or any such prime contractor or subcontractor otherwise has or may acquire any right or interest. (iv) "Legal Requirement" shall mean any federal, state, local, municipal, foreign or other law, statute, constitution, resolution, ordinance, code, edict, decree, rule, regulation, ruling or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Government Body. (b) Since April 1, 1996, except as set forth in Schedule 3.17 of the Stel Disclosure Statement: (i) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has had any determination of noncompliance, entered into any consent order or undertaken any internal investigation relating directly or indirectly to any Government Contract or Government Bid; (ii) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has failed to comply in all material respects with all Legal Requirements with respect to all Government Contracts and Government Bids; (iii) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has, in obtaining or performing any Government Contract, violated any applicable procurement law or regulation or other material Legal Requirement; (iv) all facts set forth in or acknowledged by Stel or any Subsidiary in any certification, representation or disclosure statement submitted by Stel or any Subsidiary with respect to any Government Contract or Government Bid were current, accurate and complete as of the date of submission; (v) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has, nor to the best of Stel's knowledge, have any of their respective employees been debarred or suspended from doing business with any Government Body, nor have any proceedings been initiated against Stel, any Subsidiary or, to the best of Stel's knowledge, any employee of Stel or any Subsidiary that might result in such debarment or suspension; (vi) no negative determination of responsibility has been issued against Stel or any Subsidiary in connection with any Government Contract or Government Bid; (vii) no direct or indirect costs incurred by Stel or any Subsidiary have been questioned or disallowed as a result of a finding or determination of any kind by any Government Body; (viii) no Government Body, or prime contractor or higher-tier subcontractor of any Government Body, has withheld or set off, or threatened to withhold or set off, any amount due to Stel or any Subsidiary under any Government Contract; (ix) there have been no material irregularities, misstatements or omissions relating to any Government Contract or Government Bid that have led to or have a reasonable prospect of leading to (A) any administrative, civil, criminal or other investigation, legal proceeding or indictment involving Stel, any Subsidiary or any of their employees, (B) the questioning or disallowance of any costs submitted for payment by Stel or any Subsidiary, (C) the recoupment of any payments previously made to Stel or any Subsidiary, (D) a finding or claim of fraud, defective pricing, mischarging or improper payments on the part of Stel or any Subsidiary, or (E) the assessment of any penalties or damages of any kind against Stel or any Subsidiary; (x) there are not nor have there been any (A) outstanding claims against Stel or any Subsidiary by, or dispute involving Stel or any Subsidiary with, any prime contractor, subcontractor, vendor or other Person A-12 arising under or relating to the award or performance of any Government Contract, (B) facts known by Stel upon which any such claim may be based or which may give rise to any such dispute, (C) final decisions of any Government Body against Stel or any Subsidiary; (xi) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary is undergoing, or has undergone an audit, and Stel has no knowledge of any impending audit, arising under or relating to any Government Contract (other than normal routine audits conducted in the ordinary course of business); (xii) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has entered into any financing arrangement or assignment of proceeds with respect to the performance of any Government Contract; (xiii) no payment has been made by Stel or any Subsidiary or by any Person acting on Stel's or any Subsidiary's behalf to any Person (other than to any bona fide employee or agent of Stel or any Subsidiary) which is or was contingent upon the award of any Government Contract or which would otherwise be in violation of any applicable procurement law or regulation or any other Legal Requirement; (xiv) Stel's and each of its Subsidiaries cost accounting system is in material compliance with applicable regulations and other applicable Legal Requirements, and has not has been determined by any Government Body not to be in material compliance with any Legal Requirement; (xv) to the best of Stel's knowledge, Stel and its Subsidiaries have complied with all applicable regulations and other Legal Requirements and with all applicable contractual requirements relating to the placement of legends or restrictive markings on technical data, computer software and other intellectual property; (xvi) neither Stel nor any Subsidiary has made any disclosure to any Government Body pursuant to any formal agency disclosure program; (xvii) Stel and its Subsidiaries have reached agreement with the cognizant government representatives approving and closing all indirect costs charged to Government Contracts; (xviii) the responsible government representatives have agreed with Stel and each Subsidiary on the forward pricing rates that Stel or such Subsidiary is charging on cost-type Government Contracts and including in Government Bids; and (xix) with the exception of potential novation or change-of-name agreement that may be required by a Government Body under applicable Legal Requirements, neither Stel nor any Subsidiary is or will be required to make any filing with or give any notice to, or to obtain any consent from, any Government Body under or in connection with any Government Contract or Government Bid as a result of or by virtue of (A) the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or any of the other agreements referred to in this Agreement, or (B) the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement. 3.18 Intellectual Property Rights. (a) Stel and its Subsidiaries own or have the right to use all intellectual property used in or necessary to conduct their respective businesses (such intellectual property and the rights thereto are collectively referred to herein as the "Stel IP Rights"). (b) Schedule 3.18 of Stel Disclosure Statement sets forth, with respect to all Stel IP Rights registered with any Government Body or for which an application has been filed with any Government Body, (i) a brief description of such Stel IP Rights, and (ii) the names of the jurisdictions covered by the applicable registration or application. Schedule 3.18 of Stel Disclosure Statement identifies and provides a brief description of, and identifies any ongoing royalty or payment obligations with respect to, each Stel IP Right that is licensed or otherwise made available to Stel by any Person (except for any Stel IP Right that is licensed to Stel under any third party software license generally available to the public), and identifies the agreement under which such Stel IP Right is being licensed or otherwise made available to Stel. Stel has good, valid and marketable title to A-13 all of Stel IP Rights (except for licensed rights), free and clear of all encumbrances, except (i) as set forth in Schedule 3.18 of the Stel Disclosure Statement, (ii) for any lien for current taxes not yet due and payable, and (iii) for minor liens that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and that do not (individually or in the aggregate) materially detract from the value of the rights subject thereto or materially impair the operations of Stel. To Stel's knowledge, Stel has a valid right to use, license and otherwise exploit all Stel IP Rights. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.18 of Stel Disclosure Statement, Stel has not developed jointly or does not jointly own or have joint rights with any other Person any Stel IP Right that is material to the business of Stel. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.18 of the Stel Disclosure Statement, there is no agreement or arrangement pursuant to which any Person has any right (whether or not currently exercisable) to use, license or otherwise exploit any Stel IP Rights. (c) Stel has taken all commercially reasonable measures and precautions to protect and maintain the confidentiality and secrecy of all Stel IP Rights (except Stel IP Rights whose value would be unimpaired by public disclosure) and otherwise to maintain and protect the value of all Stel IP Rights. (d) To the knowledge of Stel, Stel is not misappropriating or making any unlawful use of, and Stel has not at any time misappropriated or made any unlawful use, of, or received any notice or other communication (in writing or otherwise) of any actual, alleged, possible or potential infringement, misappropriation or unlawful use of, any intellectual property rights owned or used by any other Person. Stel is not aware that any Person is misappropriating, or making unlawful use of any of the Stel IP Rights. (e) Stel has not licensed any of the Stel IP Rights to any Person on an exclusive basis. (f) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement or the Technology Option Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not constitute a material breach of any instrument or agreement governing any Stel IP Rights, and will not (i) cause the modification of any terms of any licenses or agreements relating to any Stel IP Rights, (ii) cause the forfeiture or termination of any Stel IP Rights, (iii) give rise to a right of forfeiture or termination of any Stel IP Rights or (iv) materially impair the right of Stel, the Surviving Corporation or Newbridge to use, sell or license any Stel IP Rights or portion thereof. (g) Neither the manufacture, marketing, license, sale nor intended use of any product or technology currently licensed or sold or under development by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries (i) violates in any material respect any license or agreement between Stel or any of its Subsidiaries and any third party or (ii) infringes in any material respect any patents or other intellectual property rights of any other party; and there is no pending or threatened claim or litigation contesting the validity, ownership or right to use, sell, license or dispose of any Stel IP Rights, or asserting that any Stel IP Rights or the proposed use, sale, license or disposition thereof, or the manufacture, use or sale of any Stel products, conflicts or will conflict with the rights of any other party. (h) Stel has provided to Newbridge a true and complete copy of its standard form of employee confidentiality agreement and taken all commercially reasonably necessary steps to ensure that all employees have executed such an agreement. All consultants or third parties with access to proprietary information of Stel have executed appropriate non-disclosure agreements which adequately protect the Stel IP Rights. (i) Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware or has reason to believe that any of its employees or consultants is obligated under any contract, covenant or other agreement or commitment of any nature, or subject to any judgment, decree or order of any court or administrative agency, that would interfere with the use of such employees or consultants best efforts to promote the interests of Stel and its Subsidiaries or that would conflict with the business of Stel as presently conducted or proposed to be conducted. Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any agreement to indemnify any other person, including but not limited to any employee or consultant of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, against any charge of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of any intellectual property, other than indemnification provisions contained in purchase orders or customer agreements arising in the ordinary course of business. All current and former A-14 employees of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, and all current and former consultants of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries who have provided services related to Stel IP Rights, have signed valid and enforceable written assignments to Stel or its Subsidiaries of any and all rights or claims in any intellectual property that any such employee or consultant has or may have by reason of any contribution, participation or other role in the development, conception, creation, reduction to practice or authorship of any invention, innovation, development or work of authorship or any other intellectual property that is used in the business of Stel, and Stel and its Subsidiaries possess signed copies of all such written assignments by such employees and consultants. 3.19 Accounts Receivable; Inventories. (a) Except as set forth in the Stel Balance Sheet, (i) each account receivable of Stel and its Subsidiaries (the "Accounts Receivable") represents a sale made in the ordinary course of business and which arose pursuant to an enforceable contract for a bona fide sale of goods or for services performed, and Stel and its Subsidiaries have performed all of their obligations to produce the goods or perform the services to which such Accounts Receivable relate, other than amounts recorded as deferred revenue, and (ii) no Account Receivable is subject to any claim for reduction, counterclaim, set-off, recoupment or other claim for credit, allowances or adjustment by the obligor thereof. (b) Subject to amounts reserved therefor on the Stel Balance Sheet, the values at which all inventories are carried on the Stel Balance Sheet reflect the historical inventory valuation policy of Stel and its Subsidiaries set forth in the Stel SEC Reports. Stel and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to the inventories free and clear of all liens and encumbrances. The inventories do not consist of, in any material amount, items that are obsolete, damaged or slow-moving beyond amounts reserved on the Stel Balance Sheet. The inventories do not consist of any items held on consignment. Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries is under any obligation or liability with respect to accepting returns of items of inventory or merchandise in the possession of their customers other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice. No clearance or extraordinary sale of the inventories has been conducted since the Stel Reference Date. Subject to the amounts reserved therefor on the Stel Balance Sheet, the inventories are in good and merchantable condition in all material respects, are suitable and usable for the purposes for which they are intended and are in a condition such that they can be sold in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. 3.20 Order Backlog. Schedule 3.20 of the Stel Disclosure Statement contains a list of the aggregate orders for the products of Stel and its Subsidiaries as of the Stel Reference Date and as of April 30, 1999, and identifies each customer included in the backlog and the range of products and prices by customer constituting the backlog. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.20, all such orders have been included in backlog on a basis consistent with Stel's historical practices and Stel is not aware of any customer who has placed an order included in such backlog having refused or who intends to refuse delivery of any ordered products in accordance with the terms of such orders. 3.21 Product and Service Warranties. The standard written forms of product and service warranties and guarantees utilized by Stel and its Subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement have been provided to Newbridge. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.21 of the Stel Disclosure Statement, during a period of three years prior to the date of this Agreement, neither Stel nor any Subsidiary or any of their affiliates have made any other written material warranties (which remain in effect) with regard to products and/or services supplied by Stel or its Subsidiaries. 3.22 Taxes. (a) For the purposes of this Agreement, a "Tax" or, collectively, "Taxes", means (i) any and all federal, state, local, foreign and other taxes, assessments and other governmental charges, duties, impositions and liabilities, including taxes based upon or measured by gross receipts, income, profits, sales, use and occupation, and value added, ad valorem, transfer, gains, franchise, capital stock, severance, withholding, payroll, recapture, A-15 employment, excise, unemployment insurance, social security, business license, occupation, business organization, stamp, environmental and property taxes, together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed with respect to such amounts; (ii) any liability for the payment of any amounts described in clause (i) as a result of being a successor to or transferee of any individual or entity or a member of an affiliated, consolidated or unitary group for any period (including pursuant to Treas. Reg. (S)1.1502-6 or comparable provisions of state, local or foreign tax law); and (iii) any liability for the payment of amounts described in clause (i) or clause (ii) as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify any Person or as a result of any obligations under agreements or arrangements with any Person. (b)(i) Stel and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all material returns, estimates, information statements and reports relating to Taxes ("Returns") required to be filed by them prior to Closing, and such Returns are true and correct and completed in accordance with applicable law. Schedule 3.22 of the Stel Disclosure Statement lists all jurisdictions in which Returns are required to be filed by Stel and its Subsidiaries (or have been required since April 1, 1996 of the Stel) and the types of Returns required to be filed in each such jurisdiction. (ii) Stel and each of its Subsidiaries have (A) timely paid all Taxes due and payable by them as shown on the Returns, (B) timely paid all Taxes for which a notice of assessment or collection has been received (other than amounts properly accrued on the Stel Financial Statements, described in paragraph (iii), below, and being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings), (C) accrued on the Stel Financial Statements all Taxes attributable to periods covered by such statements that are not yet due and payable, and (D) properly reserved, in accordance with GAAP, for all Taxes not yet due but which are expected to become due and payable in the future. (iii) Neither the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") nor any other taxing authority has asserted any claim for Taxes in writing, or to the actual knowledge of the executive officers of Stel, is threatening to assert any claims for Taxes. No Tax deficiency notice or notice of assessment of collection has been received in writing by Stel except as described on Schedule 3.22 of the Stel Disclosure Statement. No audit or, to Stel's knowledge, other examination of any Return of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries is presently in progress, nor have Stel or any of its Subsidiaries been notified in writing of any request for such an audit or other examination. No power of attorney to deal with Tax matters or waiver of any statute of limitations with respect to Taxes has been granted by Stel or its Subsidiaries. Except as described on Schedule 3.22 of the Stel Disclosure Statement the relevant statute of limitations for the assessment or proposal of a deficiency for Taxes has expired for all years before fiscal year 1995. None of Stel or its Subsidiaries has availed itself of any Tax Amnesty, tax holiday or similar relief in any jurisdiction. (iv) Stel and its Subsidiaries have withheld or collected and paid over to the appropriate governmental authorities (or are properly holding for such payment) all Taxes required by law to be withheld or collected with respect to their operations, including withholdings on payments to Stel or its Subsidiaries for sales and use taxes or payments by Stel or its Subsidiaries to employees or independent contractors on account of federal, state, and foreign income Taxes, the Federal Insurance Contribution Act, and the Federal Unemployment Tax Act. (v) There are no liens for Taxes upon the assets of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries (other than liens for property Taxes that are not yet due or delinquent). (vi) There is no contract, agreement, plan or arrangement, including but not limited to the provisions of this Agreement, covering any employee or former employee of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries that, individually or collectively, could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be deductible pursuant to Sections 280G, 404 or 162 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). (vii) None of Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has filed any consent agreement under Section 341(f) of the Code or agreed to have Section 341(f)(2) of the Code apply to any disposition of a subsection (f) asset (as defined in Section 341(f)(4) of the Code) owned by Stel. A-16 (viii) Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries is or has been a member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated federal income tax return (or a group of corporations filing a consolidated, combined or unitary income tax return under comparable provisions of state, local or foreign tax law) other than a group the common parent of which is or was Stel. (ix) Neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation under any agreement or arrangement with any other Person with respect to Taxes of such other Person (including pursuant to Treas. Reg. (S)1.1502-6 or comparable provisions of state, local or foreign tax law) and including any liability for Taxes of any predecessor entity. (x) Stel has made available to Newbridge true copies of all Returns that Stel or its Subsidiaries have filed since April 1, 1996 and true copies of all correspondence and other written submissions to or communications with any Tax authorities. (xi) None of the assets of Stel is "tax-exempt use property" within the meaning of Section 168(h) of the Code. (xii) Stel has not agreed to make, nor is it required to make, any adjustment under Section 481 of the Code by reason of a change in accounting method or otherwise. (xiii) Except as set forth in Schedule 3.22 of the Disclosure Statement, Stel is not and has not been a party to any joint venture, partnership, or other arrangement or contract that could be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. (xiv) None of Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has indemnified any person against Tax in connection with any arrangement for the leasing of real or personal property, except for indemnity with respect to acts of Stel or its Subsidiaries. (xv) None of Stel and its Subsidiaries has or has had operations or assets outside of the United States taxable as a branch by the United States or as a permanent establishment by any foreign country. (xvi) None of Stel and its Subsidiaries is aware of any reason why the Merger will fail to qualify as a reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code. 3.23 Employee Benefit Plans; ERISA. (a) Except as set forth on Schedule 3.23 of the Stel Disclosure Statement, there are no employee pension benefit plans as defined in Section 3(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA") ("Pension Plans"), welfare benefit plans as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA ("Welfare Plans"), or stock bonus, stock option, restricted stock, stock appreciation right, stock purchase, bonus, incentive, deferred compensation, severance, holiday, or vacation plans, or any other employee benefit plan, program, policy or arrangement covering employees (or former employees) employed in the United States that either is maintained or contributed to by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates (as hereinafter defined) or to which Stel or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates is obligated to make payments or otherwise may have any liability (collectively, the "Employee Benefit Plans") with respect to employees or former employees of Stel, its Subsidiaries, or any of their ERISA Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement, "ERISA Affiliate" shall mean any person (as defined in Section 3(9) of ERISA) that is or has been a member of any group of persons described in Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code, including without limitation Stel or a Subsidiary. (b) Stel and each of its Subsidiaries, and each of the Pension Plans and Welfare Plans, are in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other applicable laws, except where the failure to comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (c) All contributions to, and payments from, the Pension Plans which are required to have been made in accordance with the Pension Plans have been timely made, except where the failure to make such contributions or payments on a timely basis would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. A-17 (d) All of Stel's Pension Plans intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code have been determined by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") to be so qualified, and no event has occurred and no condition exists with respect to the form or operation of such Pension Plans which would cause the loss of such qualification or exemption or the imposition of any material liability, penalty or tax under ERISA or the Code. (e) To the best of Stel's knowledge, there are no (i) investigations pending by any Government Entity involving the Pension Plans or Welfare Plans, nor (ii) pending or threatened claims (other than routine claims for benefits), suits or proceedings against any Pension or Welfare Plan, against the assets of any of the trusts under any Pension or Welfare Plan or against any fiduciary of any Pension or Welfare Plan with respect to the operation of such plan or asserting any rights or claims to benefits under any Pension Plan or against the assets of any trust under such plan, except for those which would not, individually or in the aggregate, give rise to any liability which would have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. To the best of Stel's knowledge, there are no facts which would give rise to any liability under this Section 3.24(e) except for those which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect in the event of any such investigation, claim, suit or proceeding. (f) None of Stel, any of its Subsidiaries or any employee of the foregoing, nor any trustee, administrator, other fiduciary or any other party in interest or disqualified person with respect to the Pension Plans or Welfare Plans, has engaged in a prohibited transaction (as such term is defined in Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA), other than such transactions that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (g) None of Stel, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their ERISA Affiliates maintain or contribute to, nor have they ever maintained or contributed to, any pension plan subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA. (h) Neither Stel nor any Subsidiary of Stel nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred any material liability under Title IV of ERISA that has not been satisfied in full. (i) Neither Stel, any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has any material liability (including any contingent liability under Section 4204 of ERISA) with respect to any multiemployer plan, within the meaning of Section 3(37) of ERISA, covering employees (or former employees) employed in the United States. (j) With respect to each of the Employee Benefit Plans, true, correct and complete copies of the following documents have been made available to Newbridge: (i) the plan document and any related trust agreement, including amendments thereto, (ii) any current summary plan descriptions and other material communications to participants relating to the Employee Benefit Plans, (iii) the three most recent Forms 5500, if applicable, and (iv) the most recent IRS determination letter, if applicable. (k) None of the Welfare Plans maintained by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries provides for continuing benefits or coverage for any participant or any beneficiary of a participant following termination of employment, except as may be required under COBRA, or except at the expense of the participant or the participant's beneficiary. Stel and each of its Subsidiaries which maintain a "group health plan" within the meaning of Section 5000(b)(1) of the Code have complied with the notice and continuation requirements of Section 4980B of the Code, COBRA, Part 6 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA and the regulations thereunder, except where the failure to comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (l) No liability under any Pension Plan or Welfare Plan has been funded nor has any such obligation been satisfied with the purchase of a contract from an insurance company as to which Stel or any of its Subsidiaries has received notice that such insurance company is in rehabilitation or a comparable proceeding. A-18 (m) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in an increase in the amount of compensation or benefits or accelerate the vesting or timing of payment of any benefits or compensation payable to or in respect of any employee of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries under any Employee Benefit Plan. (n) Schedule 3.23(n) of the Stel Disclosure Statement lists each Foreign Plan (as hereinafter defined). Stel and each of its Subsidiaries and each of the Foreign Plans are in compliance with applicable laws, and all required contributions have been made to the Foreign Plans, except where the failure to comply or make contributions would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Foreign Plans that is a funded defined benefit plan has a fair market value of plan assets that is greater than the plans liabilities, as determined in accordance with applicable laws. For purposes hereof, the term "Foreign Plan" shall mean any plan, program, policy, arrangement or agreement maintained or contributed to by, or entered into with, Stel or any Subsidiary with respect to employees (or former employees) employed outside the United States to the extent the benefits provided thereunder are not mandated by the laws of the applicable foreign jurisdiction. (o) To the best of Stel's knowledge, there are no claims, suits or facts concerning the operation or benefits of any Employee Benefit Plan other than a Pension or Welfare Plan except for those which would not, individually or in the aggregate, give rise to any liability which would have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (p) Each of the Employee Benefit Plans and the Foreign Plans can be terminated by Stel within a period of 30 days following the Effective Time in accordance with the terms of such Plan (and the provisions of ERISA and the Code), without any additional contribution to such Employee Benefit Plan or Foreign Plan or the payment of any additional compensation or amount or the additional vesting or acceleration of any vesting provided under the Employee Benefit Plan or Foreign Plan. 3.24 Enviromental Matters. (a) For purposes of this Agreement: (i) "Contractor" shall mean any person or entity, including but not limited to partners, licensors, and licensees, with which Stel formerly or presently has any agreement or arrangement (whether oral or written) under which such person or entity has or had physical possession of, and was or is obligated to develop, test, process, manufacture or produce any product or substance on behalf of Stel. (ii) "Environment" shall mean any land including, without limitation, surface land and sub-surface strata, seabed or river bed and any water (including, without limitation, coastal and inland waters, surface waters and ground waters and water in drains and sewers) and air (including, without limitation, air within buildings) and other natural or manmade structures above or below ground. (iii) "Environmental Law" means any law or regulation, now or hereafter in effect and as amended, and any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, in each case relating to the Environment or harm to or the protection of human health or animals or plants, including, without limitation, laws relating to public and workers health and safety, emissions, discharges or releases of chemicals or any other pollutants or contaminants or industrial, radioactive, dangerous, toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (whether in solid or liquid form or in the form of a gas or vapor and including noise and genetically modified organisms) into the Environment or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, use, treatment, storage, distribution, disposal transport or handling of substances or wastes. Environmental Laws include, without limitation, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended 42 USC 9601 et seq. ("CERCLA"), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 42 USC, 6901 et seq., the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act 49 USC, 6901 et seq., the Clean Water Act 33, 1251 et seq., the Toxic Substances Control Act 15 USC, 2601 et seq., the Clean Air Act 42 USC, 7401 et seq., the Safe Drinking Water Act 42 USC, 300f et seq., the Atomic Energy Act 42 USC, 2201 et seq., the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 21 USC, 136 et seq., and the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 21 USC, 301 et seq., and equivalent state and local ordinances and statutes, and statutes and ordinances in countries other than the United States of America. A-19 (iv) "Environmental Permit" shall mean any permit, license, consent, approval, certificate, qualification, specification, registration and other authorization, and the filing of all notifications, reports and assessments, required by any federal, state, local or foreign government or regulatory entity pursuant to any Environmental Law. (v) "Hazardous Material" shall mean any pollutant, contaminant, or hazardous, toxic, medical, biohazardous, infectious or dangerous waste, substance, gas, constituent or material, defined or regulated as such in, or for purposes of, any Environmental Law, including, without limitation, any asbestos, any petroleum, oil (including crude oil or any fraction thereof), any radioactive substance, any polychlorinated biphenyls, any toxin, chemical, virus, infectious disease or disease causing agent, and any other substance that can give rise to liability under any Environmental Law. (b) Except for such cases that, individually or in the aggregate, have not and would not reasonably be expected to have a Stel Material Adverse Effect: (i) Each of Stel and its Subsidiaries possesses all Environmental Permits required under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its current business and to use and occupy the Real Property for its current business. All Environmental Permits are in full force and effect and Stel and each of its Subsidiaries are, and to Stels knowledge have, at all times been in compliance with the terms and conditions of such Environmental Permits. (ii) There are no facts or circumstances indicating that any Environmental Permits possessed by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries would or might be revoked, suspended, canceled or not renewed, and all appropriate necessary action in connection with the renewal or extension of any Environmental Permits possessed by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries relating to their current business and the Real Property has been taken. There are no facts or circumstances indicating that any Environmental Permits possessed by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries would or might be revoked, suspended, canceled or not renewed, and all appropriate necessary action in connection with the renewal or extension of any Environmental Permits possessed by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries relating to their current business and the Real Property has been taken. (iii) The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Stock Option Agreement and the consummation by Stel of the Merger and other transactions contemplated hereby (and thereby) and the exercise by Newbridge and the Surviving Corporation of rights to own and operate the business of Stel and its Subsidiaries and use and occupy the Real Property and carry on its business substantially as presently conducted will not affect the validity or require the transfer of any Environmental Permits held by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries and will not require any notification, disclosure, registration, reporting, filing, investigation or remediation under any Environmental Law. (iv) Stel and each of its Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of Stel, all previous owners, lessees and occupants of the real property now or previously owned, leased or occupied by Stel and its Subsidiaries (the "Real Property"), are in compliance with, and within the period of all applicable statutes of limitation, have complied with all applicable Environmental Laws and have not received notice of any liability under any Environmental Law; and neither Stel or any of its Subsidiaries nor any portion of the Real Property is in violation of any Environmental Law. (v) There is no civil, criminal or administrative action, suit, demand, claim, complaint, hearing, notice of violation, notice or demand letter, proceeding or request for information pending or any liability (whether actual or contingent) to make good, repair, reinstate, sample, investigate or clean up any of the Real Property, including but not limited to ground water beneath such Real Property. There is no act, omission, event or circumstance giving rise or likely to give rise in the future to any such action, suit, demand, claim, complaint, hearing, notice of violation, notice or demand letter, proceeding, or request or any such liability or other liabilities (A) against Stel or any of its Subsidiaries, or (B) against any person or entity, including but not limited to any Contractor, in connection with which liability could reasonably be imputed or attributed by law or contract to Stel or any of its Subsidiaries. A-20 (vi) No property or facility presently or formerly owned operated or leased by Stel or any of its present or former Subsidiaries or by any respective predecessor in interest is listed or proposed for listing, nor are there are any facts or circumstances which would or might give rise to such an entry on the National Priorities List or the CERCLA Information System ("CERCLIS"), both under the CERCLA or on any comparable list established under any state or local Environmental Law of a country other than the United States of America, nor has Stel or any of its Subsidiaries received any notification of potential or actual liability or any request for information under CERCLA or any comparable foreign, state or local law. (vii) There has not been any disposal, spill, discharge, or release of any Hazardous Material generated, used, owned, stored, or controlled by Stel, any of its Subsidiaries, or respective predecessors in interest, on, at, or under any property presently or formerly owned, leased, or operated by Stel, its Subsidiaries, any predecessor in interest, or any Contractor, and there are no Hazardous Materials located in, at, on, or under, or in the vicinity of, any such facility or property, or at any other location, in either case that could reasonably be expected to require investigation, removal, remedial, or corrective action by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries or that would reasonably likely result in liability of, or costs in excess of, U.S. $250,000, individually or in the aggregate, to Stel or any of its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Law. (viii)(A) Other than cleaning and office supplies normally used in the operation of an office, Hazardous Materials have not been generated, used, treated, handled or stored on, or transported to or from, or released on any Real Property or, any property adjoining any Real Property; (B) Stel and its Subsidiaries have disposed of all wastes, including those wastes containing Hazardous Materials, in compliance with all applicable Environmental Law and Environmental Permits; and (C) neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has transported or arranged for the transportation of any Hazardous materials to any location that is listed or proposed for listing on the National Priorities List under CERCLA or on the CERCLIS or any analogous state or country list or which is the subject of any environmental claim. (ix) There has not been any underground or aboveground storage tank or other underground storage receptacle or related piping, or any impoundment or other disposal area containing Hazardous Materials located on any Real Property owned, leased or operated by Stel, any of its Subsidiaries, or respective predecessors in interest during the period of such ownership, lease or operation, and no asbestos or polychlorinated biphenyls have been used or disposed of, or have been located at, on, or under any such facility or property during the period of such ownership lease or operation; (x) Stel and its Subsidiaries have taken all actions necessary under applicable requirements of Environmental Law to register any products or materials required to be registered by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries (or any of their respective agents) thereunder. (c) After a reasonable investigation made by Stel, Stel has made available to Newbridge all records and files, including, but not limited to, all assessments, reports, studies, audits, analyses, tests and data in possession of Stel and its Subsidiaries concerning the existence of Hazardous Materials at facilities or properties currently or formerly owned, operated, or leased by Stel or any present or former Subsidiary or predecessor in interest, or concerning compliance by Stel and its Subsidiaries with, or liability under, any Environmental Law. 3.25 [Reserved]. 3.26 [Reserved]. 3.27 Finders or Brokers. Except for Ferris, Baker Watts, Incorporated, whose fees have been disclosed to Newbridge, neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries has employed any investment banker, broker, finder or intermediary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby who might be entitled to a fee or any commission the receipt of which is conditioned upon consummation of the Merger. A-21 3.28 Proxy Statement. The information supplied by Stel for inclusion in the Proxy Statement to be sent to the stockholders of Stel in connection with the Stel Special Meeting, at the date the Proxy Statement is first mailed to stockholders, at the time of the Stel Special Meeting and at the Effective Time shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If at any time prior to the Effective Time any event with respect to Stel or any of its Subsidiaries shall occur which is required to be described in the Proxy Statement, such event shall be so described, and an amendment or supplement shall be promptly filed with the SEC and, as required by law, disseminated to the stockholders of Stel. 3.29 Title to Property. Stel and its Subsidiaries have good and valid title to all of their respective properties, interests in properties and assets, real and personal, reflected in the Stel Balance Sheet or acquired after the Reference Date, and have valid leasehold interests in all leased properties and assets, in each case free and clear of all mortgages, liens, pledges, charges or encumbrances of any kind or character, except (i) liens for current taxes not yet due and payable, (ii) such imperfections of title, liens and easements as do not and will not materially detract from or interfere with the use of the properties subject thereto or affected thereby, or otherwise materially impair business operations involving such properties, (iii) liens securing debt reflected on the Stel Balance Sheet, (iv) liens recorded pursuant to any Environmental Law or (v) liens which would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. Schedule 3.29 of the Stel Disclosure Statement identifies each parcel of real property owned or leased by Stel or any of its Subsidiaries. 3.30 Year 2000 Compliance. All of Stel's products (including products sold to date, products currently being sold or products under development), both individually and when operating in conjunction with all other systems or products with which they are designed to interface, and all computer software and hardware (including microcode, firmware, system and application programs, files, databases, computer services, and microcontrollers, including those embedded in computer and noncomputer equipment) contained in Stel's products (including products sold to date, products currently being sold or products under development) are Year 2000 Compliant. "Year 2000 Compliant" means that such hardware or software will: (a) process date data from at least the years 1900 through 2101 without error or interruption; (b) maintain functionality with respect to the introduction, processing, or output of records containing dates falling on or after January 1, 2000; and (c) be interoperable with other software or hardware which may deliver records to, receive records from, or interact with such hardware or software in the course of conducting the business of Stel, including processing data and manufacturing the products of Stel. All of Stel's internal computer systems are, both individually and in conjunction with all other systems with which they interface, Year 2000 Compliant. Stel has made inquiries of its manufacturers, suppliers and customers and, to its knowledge, Stel is not relying on any third party whose systems are not Year 2000 Compliant. Stel does not have any material expenses or other material liabilities associated with securing Year 2000 Compliance, or making contingency arrangements to address Year 2000 Compliance issues, with respect to Stel's products (including products sold to date, products currently being sold or products under development), internal computer systems or the computer systems or products or services of Stel's manufacturers, suppliers or customers. A-22 ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF NEWBRIDGE AND MERGER SUB Newbridge and Merger Sub make to Stel the representations and warranties contained in this Article IV, in each case subject to the exceptions set forth in the disclosure statement, dated as of the date hereof, delivered by Newbridge to Stel in connection with the execution of this Agreement (the "Newbridge Disclosure Statement"). The Newbridge Disclosure Statement shall be arranged in schedules corresponding to the numbered and lettered Sections of this Article IV, and the disclosure in any schedule of the Newbridge Disclosure Statement shall qualify only the corresponding Section of this Article IV. 4.1 Organization, Etc. (a) Each of Newbridge, its material subsidiaries listed on Section 4.1(a) of the Newbridge Disclosure Statement (the "Newbridge Material Subsidiaries") and Merger Sub is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has all requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted. Newbridge and the Newbridge Material Subsidiary are each duly qualified as a foreign Person to do business, and are each in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the character of its owned or leased properties or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually and in the aggregate, have an Newbridge Material Adverse Effect. None of Newbridge or any Newbridge Material Subsidiary is in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or any other charter document. For the purposes of this Agreement, "Newbridge Material Adverse Effect" means any change, event or effect that is materially adverse to the general affairs, business, operations, assets, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of Newbridge and the Newbridge Material Subsidiaries taken as a whole. (b) Neither Newbridge, the Newbridge Material Subsidiaries nor Merger Sub is in violation of any provision of its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter documents. 4.2 Authority Relative to This Agreement. Each of Newbridge and Merger Sub has full corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, as applicable, and to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, and the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, have been duly and validly authorized by the board of directors of each of Newbridge and Merger Sub, as applicable, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of either Newbridge or Merger Sub are necessary to authorize this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement or the Technology Option Agreement or to consummate the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. Each of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Newbridge and Merger Sub, as applicable, and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Stel, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of each of Newbridge and Merger Sub as applicable, enforceable against each of them in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that its enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles. 4.3 No Violations, Etc. No filing with or notification to, and no permit, authorization, consent or approval of, any Government Entity is necessary on the part of either Newbridge or Merger Sub for the consummation by Newbridge or Merger Sub of the Merger or the other transactions contemplated hereby, and by the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, except for (i) the filing of the Certificate of Merger as required by Delaware Law, (ii) the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, state or Canadian provincial securities or "blue sky" laws, state takeover laws and the listing requirements of the NYSE and the Toronto Stock Exchange, (iii) any filings required under and in compliance with the HSR Act, and (iv) the voluntary notice under the Exon-Florio Amendment. Neither the execution and delivery of this A-23 Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement and the Technology Option Agreement, nor the consummation of the Merger or the other transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, nor compliance by Newbridge and Merger Sub with all of the provisions hereof and thereof will (i) conflict with or result in any breach of any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other charter documents of Newbridge or any Newbridge Material Subsidiary, (ii) violate any material order, writ, injunction, decree, statute, rule or regulation applicable to Newbridge, any Newbridge Material Subsidiary or by which any of their properties or assets may be bound, or (iii) result in a violation or breach of, or constitute (with or without due notice or lapse of time or both) a default, or give rise to any right of termination, cancellation, acceleration, redemption or repurchase under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any material note, bond, mortgage, indenture, deed of trust, license, lease, agreement or other instrument or obligation to which Newbridge or any Newbridge Material Subsidiary is a party or by which any of them or any of their properties or assets may be bound. 4.4 Proxy Statement. The information supplied by Newbridge for inclusion in the Proxy Statement as it relates to Newbridge or Merger Sub, at the time the Proxy Statement is first mailed to stockholders, at the time of the Stel Special Meeting and at the Effective Time, shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading. If at any time prior to the Effective Time any event with respect to Newbridge or any Newbridge Material Subsidiary shall occur which is required to be described in the Proxy Statement, such event shall be so described, and an amendment or supplement shall be promptly filed with the SEC and, as required by law, disseminated to the shareholders of Stel. 4.5 Litigation. Except as set forth in the Newbridge's forms, reports, registration statements and documents required to be filed with the SEC, there is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of Newbridge, threatened against Newbridge or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers and directors (in their capacities as such), or involving any of their assets, before any court, or governmental or regulatory authority or body, or arbitration tribunal, except for those Actions which, individually or in the aggregate, would not have an Newbridge Material Adverse Effect. There is no Action pending or, to the knowledge of Newbridge, threatened which in any manner challenges, seeks to, or is reasonably likely to prevent, enjoin, alter or delay the transactions anticipated by this Agreement. 4.6 Financial Resources. As of November 10, 1999, Newbridge has the financial resources to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and to pay the consideration in the Merger set forth in Article II. ARTICLE V COVENANTS 5.1 Conduct of Business During Interim Period. Except as contemplated or required by this Agreement or as expressly consented to in writing by Newbridge, during the period from the date of this Agreement to the earlier of the termination of this Agreement or the Effective Time, each of Stel and its Subsidiaries will (i) conduct its operations according to its ordinary and usual course of business consistent with past practice, (ii) use all commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact its business organization, to keep available the services of its officers and employees in each business function and to maintain satisfactory relationships with suppliers, distributors, customers and others having business relationships with it, and (iii) not take any action which would adversely affect its ability to consummate the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement or the Technology Option Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, prior to the earlier of the termination of this Agreement or Effective Time neither Stel nor any of its Subsidiaries will, without the prior written consent of Newbridge, directly or indirectly, do any of the following: (a) enter into, violate, amend or otherwise modify or waive any of the terms of, (i) any license or partnership, joint venture, or other agreement relating to the joint development or transfer of technology or A-24 Stel IP Rights; or (ii) any other agreements, commitments or contracts, except in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; (b)(i) with respect to Stel's wireless broadband and satellite personal communications products, accept any new or incremental work orders from current customers or enter into any new contractual obligations with customers other than Newbridge and, (ii) with respect to Stel's telcom component products, agree to undertake research and development work for any third party with a term extending beyond May 31, 2000; (c) authorize, solicit, propose or announce an intention to authorize, recommend or propose, or enter into any agreement in principle or an agreement with any other person with respect to, any plan of liquidation or dissolution, any acquisition of a material amount of assets or securities, any disposition of a material amount of assets or securities, any material change in capitalization, or any partnership, association, joint venture, joint development, technology transfer, or other material business alliance; (d) fail to renew any insurance policy naming it as a beneficiary or a loss payee, or take any steps or fail to take any steps that would permit any insurance policy naming it as a beneficiary or a loss payee to be canceled, terminated or materially altered, except in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice and following written notice to Newbridge; (e) maintain its books and records in a manner other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; (f) enter into any hedging, option, derivative or other similar transaction or any foreign exchange position or contract for the exchange of currency other than in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice; (g) institute any change in its accounting methods, principles or practices other than as required by GAAP, or the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, or revalue any of its respective assets, including without limitation, writing down the value of inventory or writing off notes or accounts receivables; (h) pay, discharge or satisfy any material claims, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise), other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction of liabilities (including accounts payable) in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, or collect, or accelerate the collection of, any amounts owed (including accounts receivable) other than the collection in the ordinary course of business; (i) split, combine or reclassify any shares of its capital stock; (j) issue any capital stock or other options, warrants or rights to purchase or acquire capital stock or change the terms of any such outstanding securities, except that Stel may (i) issue capital stock upon the exercise of options, warrants or rights outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and (ii) accelerate those Stel Options that are not to be assumed or substituted with equivalent options or other economic benefits by Newbridge or by the purchasers of Stel's Non-core Assets; (k) waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any material claim or litigation, or commence a lawsuit other than (i) for the routine collection of bills, (ii) the settlement of the litigation with Cabletron Systems, Inc., (iii) in such cases where Stel determines in good faith that failure to commence suit would result in the material impairment of a valuable aspect of its business, provided that Stel consults with Newbridge prior to the filing of such a suit, or (iv) for a breach of this Agreement; (l) in respect of any Taxes, make or change any material election change any accounting method, enter into any closing agreement, settle any material claim or assessment, or consent to any extension or waiver of the limitation period applicable to any material claim or assessment except as required by applicable law; A-25 (m) take or agree to take, any of the actions described in Section 3.10, or any action which would make any of its representations or warranties contained in this Agreement untrue or incorrect or prevent it from performing or cause it not to perform its covenants hereunder. 5.2 No Solicitation. (a) From and after the date of this Agreement until the Effective Time or termination of this Agreement pursuant to Article VIII, Stel and its Subsidiaries will not, nor will they authorize or permit any of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, agents or employees or any investment banker, attorney or other advisor or representative retained by any of them to, directly or indirectly, (i) solicit, initiate, encourage or induce the making, submission or announcement of any Acquisition Proposal (as defined in Section 5.2(c)), (ii) participate in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or furnish to any person any non-public information with respect to, or take any other action to facilitate any inquiries or the making of any proposal that constitutes or may reasonably be expected to lead to, any Acquisition Proposal, (iii) engage in discussions with any person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal, (iv) approve, endorse or recommend any Acquisition Proposal or (v) enter into any letter of intent or similar document or any agreement or commitment contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction (as defined in Section 5.2(c)). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 5.2 or in any other provision of this Agreement, Stel and its board of directors (i) may participate in discussions or negotiations with or furnish non-public information to any third party that has made an unsolicited Acquisition Proposal (a "Potential Acquiror") and/or (ii) subject to the provisions of Section 5.4(c), may approve or accept an unsolicited Acquisition Proposal, in each case only if the board of directors of Stel determines in good faith (A) after receiving written advice from its financial advisor, that such Acquisition Proposal is a Superior Proposal (as defined in Section 5.2(d) hereof), and (B) following consultation with outside legal counsel, that the failure to participate in such discussions or negotiations or to furnish such information or approve or accept an Acquisition Proposal would violate the board's fiduciary duties under applicable law. Stel may not furnish any non-public information to a Potential Acquiror unless it is furnished pursuant to a confidentiality agreement containing provisions at least as favorable to Stel as the confidentiality provisions of the Confidentiality Agreement (as defined in Section 5.3) and is simultaneously provided to Newbridge. Without limiting the foregoing, it is understood that any violation of the restrictions set forth in this Section 5.2(a) by any officer, director or employee of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries or any investment banker, attorney or other advisor or representative of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be a breach of this Section 5.2. (b) In addition to the obligations of Stel set forth in Section 5.2(a), Stel as promptly as practicable, and in any event within 24 hours, shall advise Newbridge orally and in writing of any Acquisition Proposal or any request for non-public information or inquiry which Stel reasonably believes would lead to an Acquisition Proposal or to any Acquisition Transaction, the material terms and conditions of such Acquisition Proposal, request or inquiry, and the identity of the person or group making any such Acquisition Proposal, request or inquiry. Stel will keep Newbridge informed as promptly as practicable in all material respects of the status and details (including material amendments or proposed material amendments) of any such Acquisition Proposal, request or inquiry. (c) For purposes of this Agreement, "Acquisition Proposal" shall mean any offer or proposal made by a Third Party (as defined below) relating to any Acquisition Transaction. For purposes of this Agreement, "Acquisition Transaction" shall mean any transaction or series of related transactions involving: (i) any purchase from Stel or acquisition by any Person (or any group of Persons acting in concert for the specific purpose of allowing Stel to evade the provisions of this Section 5.2) other than Newbridge, Stel or Merger Sub or any affiliate thereof (a "Third Party") of 15% or more of the total interest in the total outstanding voting securities of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries or any tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated would result in any Third Person (or its shareholder) beneficially owning 15% or more of the total outstanding voting securities of Stel or any of its Subsidiaries; (ii) any merger, consolidation, business combination or similar transaction involving Stel or any of its Subsidiaries; (iii) any sale, lease (other than in the ordinary course of business), exchange, transfer, license (other than in the ordinary course of business), acquisition or disposition of a material portion of the assets of Stel (excluding the Non-core Assets); (iv) any liquidation or dissolution of A-26 Stel; or (v) the acquisition by a Third Party (or potential acquisition upon the completion of a transaction or series of related transactions) of control of the board of directors of Stel or the election or appointment of nominees of a Third Party (or the ability of a Third Party to elect or appoint its nominees) to a majority of the seats on the board of directors of Stel. (d) The term "Superior Proposal" means any bona fide Acquisition Proposal, made in writing and not initiated, solicited or encouraged in violation of Section 5.2(a) of this Agreement, on terms which the board of directors of Stel determines in good faith to be more favorable to Stel and its stockholders or to its stockholders than the Merger (after receiving the written advice from Stel's financial advisor that the value of the consideration provided for in such proposal is superior to the value of the consideration provided for in the Merger), for which financing, to the extent required, is then committed or which, in the good faith judgment of the board of directors of Stel, after receiving written advice from its financial advisor, is reasonably capable of being financed by the Potential Acquiror. 5.3 Access to Information. From the date of this Agreement until the Effective Time, Stel will afford Newbridge and its authorized representatives (including counsel, environmental and other consultants, accountants, auditors and agents) full access during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice to all of its facilities, personnel and operations and to all books and records of it and its Subsidiaries, will permit Newbridge and its authorized representatives to conduct inspections as they may reasonably request and will instruct its officers and those of its Subsidiaries to furnish such persons with such financial and operating data and other information with respect to its business and properties as they may from time to time request, subject to the restrictions set forth in the Confidentiality Agreement (as defined below). Newbridge and Merger Sub agree that each of them will treat any such information in accordance with the Confidentiality Agreement, effective as of March 1, 1999, between Newbridge and Stel (the "Confidentiality Agreement"), which Confidentiality Agreement, except for the standstill provisions, shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. 5.4 Special Meeting; Board Recommendation. (a) Promptly after the date hereof, Stel will take all action necessary in accordance with Delaware Law and its certificate of incorporation and bylaws to convene a meeting of Stel's stockholders to consider adoption and approval of this Agreement and approval of the Merger (the "Stel Special Meeting") to be held as promptly as practicable, and in any event (to the extent permissible under applicable law) within 45 days after the expiration of the 10-day waiting period on the preliminary Proxy Statement or, if Stel receives SEC comments on the Proxy Statement, the date that all such comments are cleared with the SEC. Subject to Section 5.4(c), Stel will use its commercially reasonable efforts to solicit from its stockholders proxies in favor of the adoption and approval of this Agreement and the approval of the Merger and will take all other action necessary or advisable to secure the vote or consent of its stockholders required by the rules of Nasdaq or Delaware Law to obtain such approvals. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Stel may adjourn or postpone the Stel Special Meeting to the extent necessary to ensure that any necessary supplement or amendment to the Proxy Statement is provided to Stel's stockholders in advance of a vote on the Merger and this Agreement or, if as of the time for which the Stel Special Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Proxy Statement) there are insufficient shares of Stel Common Stock represented (either in person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business of the Stel Special Meeting. Stel shall ensure that the Stel Special Meeting is called, noticed, convened, held and conducted, and that all proxies solicited by Stel in connection with the Stel Special Meeting are solicited, in compliance with the Delaware Law, Stel's certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the rules of Nasdaq and all other applicable legal requirements. Stel's obligation to call, give notice of, convene and hold the Stel Special Meeting in accordance with this Section 5.4(a) shall not be limited to or otherwise affected by the commencement, disclosure, announcement or submission to Stel of any Acquisition Proposal, or by any withdrawal, amendment or modification of the recommendation of the board of directors of Stel with respect to the Merger and/or this Agreement. A-27 (b) Subject to Section 5.4(c), (i) the board of directors of Stel shall unanimously recommend that Stel's stockholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve this Agreement and approve the Merger at the Stel Special Meeting; (ii) Stel shall cause the Proxy Statement to include a statement to the effect that the board of directors of Stel has unanimously recommended that Stel's stockholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve this Agreement and the Merger at the Stel Special Meeting; and (iii) neither the board of directors of Stel nor any committee thereof shall withdraw, amend or modify, or propose or resolve to withdraw, amend or modify in a manner adverse to Newbridge, the unanimous recommendation of the board of directors of Stel that Stel's stockholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve this Agreement and the Merger. For purposes of this Agreement, said recommendation of the board of directors shall be deemed to have been modified in a manner adverse to Newbridge if said recommendation shall no longer be unanimous, provided that, for all purposes of this Agreement, an action by any board of directors or committee thereof shall be unanimous if each member of such board of directors or committee has approved such action other than (i) any such member who has appropriately abstained from voting on such matter because of an actual or potential conflict of interest and (ii) any such member who is unable to vote in connection with such action as a result of death or disability. (c) Nothing in Section 5.4(b) shall prevent the board of directors of Stel from withholding, withdrawing, amending or modifying its unanimous recommendation that Stel stockholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve this Agreement and approve the Merger if (i) a Superior Proposal is made to Stel and is not withdrawn, (ii) Stel shall have provided written notice to Newbridge (a "Notice of Superior Proposal") advising Newbridge that Stel has received a Superior Proposal, specifying the material terms and conditions of such Superior Proposal and identifying the person or entity making such Superior Proposal, (iii) Newbridge shall not have, within five business days of Newbridge's receipt of the Notice of Superior Proposal, made an offer that the board of directors of Stel by a majority vote determines in its good faith judgment (based on the written advice of its financial advisor) to be at least as favorable to Stel's stockholders as such Superior Proposal (it being agreed that the board of directors of Stel shall convene a meeting to consider any such offer by Newbridge promptly following the receipt thereof), (iv) after such board meeting, the board of directors of Stel shall have concluded in good faith, after consultation with its outside counsel, that, in light of such Superior Proposal, the withholding, withdrawal, amendment or modification of such recommendation is required in order for the board of directors of Stel to comply with its fiduciary obligations to Stel's stockholders under applicable law and (v) Stel shall not have violated any of the restrictions set forth in Section 5.2 or this Section 5.4(c). Subject to applicable laws, nothing contained in this Section 5.4(c) shall limit Stel's obligation to hold and convene the Stel Special Meeting (regardless of whether the unanimous recommendation of the board of directors of Stel shall have been withheld, withdrawn, amended or modified). If the Stel board has withheld, withdrawn, amended or modified its recommendation as provided in this Section 5.4(c), Stel shall not be required to solicit proxies from its stockholders to vote in favor of and approve and adopt this Agreement and the Merger; provided that Stel shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to solicit a sufficient number of proxies (without regard to the manner in which votes are cast by those proxies) to ensure the presence of a quorum of stockholders at the Stel Special Meeting. (d) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prohibit Stel or its board of directors from complying with the requirements of Rules 14d-9 and 14e-2(a) promulgated under the Exchange Act. (e) As promptly as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, Stel and Newbridge shall mutually prepare, and Stel shall file with the SEC, a preliminary form of the Proxy Statement. As promptly as practicable following receipt of SEC comments on such preliminary Proxy Statement, Newbridge and Stel shall mutually prepare a response to such comments. Newbridge and Stel shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to have the preliminary Proxy Statement cleared by the SEC. Newbridge and Stel shall promptly furnish to each other all information, and take such other actions (including without limitation using all commercially reasonable efforts to provide any required consents of their respective independent auditors), as may reasonably be requested in connection with any action by any of them in connection with the preceding sentences of this Section 5.4(e). Whenever any party learns of the occurrence of any event which is required to be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement or any other filing made pursuant to this Section 5.4(e), A-28 Newbridge or Stel, as the case may be, shall promptly inform the other of such occurrence and cooperate in filing with the SEC or its staff and/or mailing to stockholders of Stel such amendment or supplement. 5.5 Commercially Reasonable Efforts. Subject to the terms and conditions herein provided, Newbridge, Merger Sub and Stel shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all other actions and do, or cause to be done, all other things necessary, proper or appropriate under applicable laws and regulations to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, (a) promptly filing Notification and Report Forms under the HSR Act with the Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (the "Antitrust Division") and responding as promptly as practicable to any inquiries received from the FTC or the Antitrust Division for additional information or documentation, (b) promptly filing a notification with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States ("CFIUS") under the Exon-Florio Amendment and responding as promptly as practicable to any inquiries received from CFIUS for additional information or documentation, including, without limitation, taking such actions as may be required by the U.S. Department of Defense to mitigate foreign ownership, control or influence with respect to the performance of classified Government Contracts; (c) obtaining all necessary governmental and private party consents, approvals or waivers, and (d) lifting any legal bar to the Merger and the exercise of the option granted in the Stock Option Agreement. Newbridge shall cause Merger Sub to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement and shall not take any action which would cause Stel to fail to perform its obligations hereunder. Stel shall not take any action which would cause Newbridge or Merger Sub to fail to perform their obligations hereunder. 5.6 Public Announcements. Before issuing any press release or otherwise making any public statement with respect to the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated hereby, Newbridge, Merger Sub and Stel agree to consult with each other as to its form and substance, and agree not to issue any such press release or general communication to employees or make any public statement prior to obtaining the consent of the other (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), except as may be required by applicable law or by the rules and regulations of or listing agreement with the NYSE, the Nasdaq, The Toronto Stock Exchange or as may otherwise be required by of the NYSE, Nasdaq, the SEC or Canadian securities authorities. 5.7 Notification of Certain Matters. Each of Stel and Newbridge shall promptly notify the other party of the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event the respective occurrence or non-occurrence of which would be likely to cause any condition to the obligations of the notifying party to effect the Merger not to be fulfilled. Each of Stel and Newbridge shall also give prompt notice to the other of any communication from any Person alleging that the consent of such Person is or may be required in connection with the Merger or other transactions contemplated hereby. 5.8 Indemnification. (a) The certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Corporation shall contain, and Newbridge shall cause the Surviving Corporation to fulfill and honor, the provisions with respect to indemnification set forth in the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of Stel as of the date of this Agreement, which provisions shall not be amended, repealed or otherwise modified for a period of six years from the Effective Time in any manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of individuals who, immediately prior to the Effective Time, were directors and officers of Stel, unless such modification is required by law. (b) After the Effective Time the Surviving Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law or under the Surviving Corporation's certificate of incorporation or bylaws, shall hold harmless, (i) each present director or officer of Stel and each of its Subsidiaries, and (ii) each person identified on Schedule 5.8(b) as presently serving at the request of Stel or any Subsidiary of Stel as a director, officer, trustee, partner, fiduciary, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, pension or other employee A-29 benefit plan or enterprise (collectively, the "Indemnified Parties") against any costs or expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to the extent arising out of or pertaining to any action or omission in his or her capacity as a director or officer of Stel arising out of or pertaining to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement for a period of six years after the date hereof. In the event of any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation (whether arising before or after the Effective Time), (i) any counsel retained by the Indemnified Parties for any period after the Effective Time must be reasonably satisfactory to Newbridge, (ii) after the Effective Time, Newbridge shall cause the Surviving Corporation to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel, promptly after statements therefor are received and (iii) Newbridge shall cause the Surviving Corporation to cooperate in the defense of any such matter; provided, however, that neither Newbridge nor the Surviving Corporation shall be liable for any settlement effected without its written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld); and provided, further, that, in the event that any claim or claims for indemnification are asserted or made within such six- year period, all rights to indemnification in respect of any such claim or claims shall continue until the disposition of any and all such claims; and provided, further, that nothing in this Section 5.8 shall impair any rights or obligations of any present or former directors or officers of Stel. The Indemnified Parties as a group may retain only one law firm (in addition to local counsel) to represent them with respect to any single action unless there is, under applicable standards of professional conduct, a conflict on any significant issue between the positions of any two or more Indemnified Parties. In the event Newbridge or the Surviving Corporation or any of their respective successors or assigns (i) consolidates with or merges into any other Person and shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation or entity of such consolidation or merger, or (ii) transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, then, and in each such case, to the extent necessary to effectuate the purposes of this Section 5.8, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assigns of Newbridge and the Surviving Corporation assume the obligations of such party set forth in this Section 5.8 and none of the actions described in clause (i) or (ii) shall be taken until such provision is made. (c) For a period of six years after the Effective Time, Newbridge shall or shall cause the Surviving Corporation to maintain in effect, if available, directors' and officers' liability insurance covering those persons who are currently covered by Stel's directors' and officers' liability insurance policy on terms comparable to those applicable under the policy of directors' and officers' liability insurance currently maintained by Stel; provided, however, that in no event shall Newbridge or the Surviving Corporation be required to expend in excess of 150% of the annual premium currently paid by Stel for such coverage, and that if the annual premiums of such insurance coverage exceed such amount, the Surviving Corporation shall be obligated instead to obtain a policy with the greatest coverage available for a cost not exceeding such amount. (d) Newbridge shall cause the Surviving Corporation to perform its obligations under this Section 5.8 and shall, in addition, guarantee, as co- obligor with the Surviving Corporation, the performance of such obligations by the Surviving Corporation. 5.9 [Reserved]. 5.10 Listings. Newbridge shall use commercially reasonable efforts to list on the NYSE, upon official notice of issuance, the shares of Newbridge Common Stock to be issued upon exercise of the Newbridge Exchange Options. Newbridge shall use commercially reasonable efforts to list on the Toronto Stock Exchange, subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, the shares of Newbridge Common Stock issued upon exercise of the Newbridge Exchange Options. 5.11 Resignation of Directors and Officers. Prior to the Effective Time, Stel shall deliver to Newbridge the resignations of such directors and officers of Stel and its Subsidiaries as Newbridge shall specify at least ten business days prior to the Closing, effective at the Effective Time. 5.12 Form S-8. No later than ten business days after the Effective Time, Newbridge shall file with the SEC a Registration Statement, on Form S-8 or other appropriate form under the Securities Act to register the A-30 Newbridge Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Newbridge Exchange Options. Newbridge shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to remain effective until the exercise or expiration of such options. 5.13 Stel SEC Filings. Stel will deliver promptly to Newbridge true and complete copies of each report, registration statement or statement mailed by it to its security holders generally or filed by it with the SEC, in each case subsequent to the date hereof and prior to the Effective Time. As of their respective dates, such reports, including the consolidated financial statements included therein, and statements (excluding any information therein provided by Newbridge or Merger Sub, as to which Stel makes no representation) will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading and will comply in all material respects with all applicable requirements of law. Each of the consolidated financial statements (including, in each case, any related notes thereto) contained in such reports, (i) shall comply as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and with the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto, (ii) shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto or, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, as may be permitted by the SEC on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act) and (iii) shall fairly present the consolidated financial position of Stel and its Subsidiaries as at the respective dates thereof and the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the periods indicated, except that the unaudited interim financial statements were or are subject to normal and recurring year-end adjustments which were not, or are not expected to be, material in amount. 5.14 Employee Matters. Newbridge agrees to make severance payments to persons who are Stel employees immediately prior to the Effective Time and who are terminated on or within 90 days of the Effective Time and to pay the other benefits as set forth in Schedule 5.14. 5.15 Termination of Stel Purchase Plan. Stel, acting through its board of directors, shall take all action necessary to discontinue the Stel Purchase Plan effective upon purchase of Stel Common Stock for the Participation Period ending September 30, 1999. 5.16 Stock Option Agreement. Stel agrees not to take any action that would impede, bar, restrict or otherwise interfere in any manner with Newbridge's rights under the Stock Option Agreement. 5.17 Technology Option Agreement. Stel agrees not to take any action that would impede, bar, restrict or otherwise interfere in any manner with Newbridge's rights under the Technology Option Agreement. 5.18 Non-core Asset Sale. Stel shall use its best efforts to cause the sale or sales (the "Non-core Asset" Sale) of all assets (or the shares of the legal entity or entities to which they belong) of all Stel's current operating divisions other than its wireless broadband products division, its telecom component products division and its satellite personal communications division (the "Non-core Assets") for an aggregate purchase price which will result in after-tax net cash proceeds of not less than U.S. $102,000,000. Newbridge agrees that the Non-core Asset Sale may include net cash generated by the Non- core Assets subsequent to March 31, 1999. Stel agrees that it will inform Newbridge of any proposals, discussions or negotiations concerning the sale of such divisions and that it will include Newbridge and Newbridge's advisors, including CIBC World Markets, in all such discussions and negotiations regarding the Non-core Asset Sale. Newbridge and Stel agree to use commercially reasonable efforts to maximize the proceeds of the Non-core Asset Sale. 5.19 Assumption of Options. The parties will use all commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the agreement of purchasers of the Non-core Assets to assume or substitute equivalent options or other economic benefits for the unvested Stel Options that would not qualify for accelerated vesting pursuant to Stel's Stock Option Plan as of the Effective Time held by Stel employees to be hired by such purchasers. 5.20 Transitional Contract-Manufacturing Arrangement. Stel and Newbridge will use all commercially reasonable efforts to enter into a transitional contract manufacturing arrangement with the contract manufacturing facility that will be sold as part of the Non-core Asset Sale. A-31 5.21 Stel IP Rights. Stel will use all commercially reasonable efforts to amend any agreements giving any Third Party rights to Stel IP Rights as a result of the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement, the Technology Option Agreement or the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby or thereby. 5.22 Appraisal Rights. Stel and Newbridge will take all necessary and appropriate action to enable the holders of Stel Common Stock to exercise appraisal rights under Section 262 of the Delaware Law and otherwise to comply with the terms of such statute. ARTICLE VI CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF EACH PARTY The respective obligations of each party to this Agreement to effect the Merger shall be subject to the fulfillment on or before the Effective Time of each of the following conditions, any one or more of which may be waived in writing by all the parties hereto: 6.1 [Reserved]. 6.2 Stockholder Approval. The approval of the holders representing a majority of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock for adoption of the Merger Agreement and approval of the Merger shall have been obtained at the Stel Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. 6.3 [Reserved]. 6.4 Government Clearances. The waiting periods applicable to consummation of the Merger under the HSR Act and Exon-Florio Amendment shall have expired or been terminated. Other than the filing of the Certificate of Merger which shall be accomplished as provided in Section 1.2, all authorizations, consents, orders or approvals of, or declarations or filings with, or expirations of waiting periods imposed by, any Government Entity the failure of which to obtain or comply with prior to the Effective Time would be reasonably likely to have a Stel Material Adverse Effect or a Newbridge Material Adverse Effect shall have been obtained or filed. 6.5 Statute or Decree. No writ, order, temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or enforced by any court or other tribunal or governmental body or authority, which remains in effect, and prohibits the consummation of the Merger or otherwise makes it illegal, nor shall any governmental agency have instituted any action, suit or proceeding which remains pending and which seeks, and which is reasonably likely, to enjoin, restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Merger in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF STEL AND NEWBRIDGE 7.1 Additional Conditions To The Obligations Of Stel. The obligations of Stel to effect the Merger shall be subject to the fulfillment of each of the following additional conditions, any one or more of which may be waived in writing by Stel: (a) The representations and warranties of Newbridge and Merger Sub contained in this Agreement (without regard to any materiality exceptions or provisions therein) shall be true and correct, in all material respects, as of the Effective Time, with the same force and effect as if made at the Effective Time, except (i) for changes specifically permitted by the terms of this Agreement, (ii) that the accuracy of the representations and warranties that by their terms speak as of the date of this Agreement or some other date A-32 will be determined as of such date, and (iii) for such inaccuracies as, in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Newbridge Material Adverse Effect. (b) Newbridge and Merger Sub shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all agreements, obligations and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by them on or prior to the Closing Date. (c) Newbridge and Merger Sub shall have furnished certificates of their respective officers to evidence compliance with the conditions set forth in Sections 7.1(a) and (b) of this Agreement. 7.2 Additional Conditions To The Obligations Of Newbridge And Merger Sub. The obligations of Newbridge and Merger Sub to effect the Merger shall be subject to the fulfillment of each of the following additional conditions, any one or more of which may be waived in writing by Newbridge: (a) The representations and warranties of Stel contained in this Agreement (without regard to any materiality exceptions or provisions therein) shall be true and correct, in all material respects, as of the Effective Time, with the same force and effect as if made at the Effective Time, except, (i) for changes related to the balance sheets or assets of the Non-core Assets, (ii) for changes in the prospects of Stel's constellation project, (iii) for other changes specifically permitted by the terms of this Agreement, (iv) that the accuracy of the representations and warranties that by their terms speak as of the date of this Agreement or some other date will be determined as of such date, and (v) for such inaccuracies as, in the aggregate, would not have a Stel Material Adverse Effect. (b) Stel shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all agreements, obligations and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date. (c) Stel shall have furnished certificates of its officers to evidence compliance with the conditions set forth in Sections 7.2(a) and (b) of this Agreement. (d) Any consents, approvals, notifications, disclosures, and filings and registrations listed in Schedule 3.3 of the Stel Disclosure Statement shall have been obtained or made. (e) Stel shall have entered into binding agreements reasonably acceptable to Newbridge with respect to the Non-core Asset Sale for an aggregate purchase price which will result in after-tax net cash proceeds to Stel of not less than U.S. $102,000,000. (f) Stel shall have delivered to Newbridge a statement that the interest in Stel is not a United States real property interest as contemplated by Section 1.1445-2(c)(3) of the regulations promulgated under the Code. (g) Stel shall have entered into employment agreements or achieved retention arrangements which are satisfactory to Newbridge with Stel employees listed on Schedule 7.1(h). (h) Stel shall have delivered to Newbridge the resignations of such directors and officers of Stel and its Subsidiaries as Newbridge shall specify at least ten days prior to the Closing, effective at the Effective Time. (i) The aggregate number of shares of Stel Common Stock demanding or purporting to demand appraisal rights under Section 262 of the Delaware Law shall not exceed 10% of the outstanding shares of Stel Common Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time. (j) There shall not have occurred, since the date hereof, any Stel Material Adverse Effect, except for the occurrence of conditions specifically excepted in clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 7.2(a) hereof. A-33 ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION 8.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the requisite approval of the stockholders of Stel: (a) by mutual written consent duly authorized by the boards of directors of Newbridge, Stel and Merger Sub; (b) by either Stel or Newbridge if the Merger shall not have been consummated by January 31, 2000 (the "End Date"), which date may be extended by mutual consent of the parties hereto; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(b) shall not be available to any party whose action or failure to act has proximately contributed to the failure of the Merger to occur on or before such date and such action or failure to act constitutes a material breach of this Agreement; (c) by either Stel or Newbridge if (i) a statute, rule, regulation or executive order shall have been enacted, entered or promulgated prohibiting the consummation of the Merger substantially on the terms contemplated hereby or (ii) a court of competent jurisdiction or other Government Entity shall have issued an order, decree, ruling or injunction, or taken any other action, having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Merger substantially on the terms contemplated hereby, and such order, decree, ruling, injunction or other action shall have become final and non-appealable; provided, that a party shall not be permitted to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(c) unless such party shall have used its reasonable efforts to remove such order, decree, ruling or injunction; (d) by either Stel or Newbridge if the required approval of the stockholders of Stel contemplated by this Agreement shall not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote at a meeting of Stel stockholders duly convened therefore or at any adjournment thereof; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(d) shall not be available to Stel where (i) Stel shall have breached in any material respect its obligations under this Agreement in any manner that shall have proximately contributed to the failure to obtain such stockholder approval (it being specifically understood that a withholding, withdrawal, amendment or modification of the board of directors recommendation to Stel stockholders to vote in favor of and approve and adopt this Agreement and approve the Merger in accordance with the conditions of Section 5.4(c) is not a breach of this Agreement) or (ii) such failure was caused by a breach of any Voting Agreement by a party thereto other than Newbridge; (e) by Newbridge if a Stel Triggering Event (as defined below) shall have occurred; (f) [Reserved]. (g) by Stel, if there exists a breach or breaches of any representation or warranty of Newbridge or Merger Sub contained in this Agreement such that the Closing condition set forth in Section 7.1(a) or Section 7.1(b) would not be satisfied; provided, however, that if such breach or breaches are capable of being cured prior to the Effective Time such that such condition would be satisfied, then Stel shall not be permitted to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.3(g) unless Stel shall have delivered to Newbridge written notice of such breach or breaches and such breach or breaches shall not have been so cured within 30 days after delivery to Newbridge of such written notice; provided, further, that Stel shall not be permitted to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.3(g) if Stel shall have breached in any material respect its obligations under this Agreement in any manner that shall have proximately caused such breach or breaches of Newbridge; or (h) by Newbridge, if there exists a breach or breaches of any representation or warranty of Stel contained in this Agreement such that the Closing condition set forth in Section 7.2(a) or 7.2(b) would not be satisfied; provided, however, that if such breach or breaches are capable of being cured prior to the Effective Time such A-34 that such condition would be satisfied, then Newbridge shall not be permitted to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(h) unless Newbridge shall have delivered to Stel written notice of such breach or breaches and such breach or breaches shall not have been so cured within 30 days after delivery to Stel of such written notice; provided, further that Newbridge shall not be permitted to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.2(h) if Newbridge shall have breached in any material respect its obligations under this Agreement in any manner that shall have proximately caused such breach or breaches of Stel. (i) For the purposes of this Agreement, a "Stel Triggering Event" shall be deemed to have occurred if: (i) the board of directors of Stel or any committee thereof shall for any reason have withdrawn or shall have amended or modified in a manner adverse to Newbridge its unanimous recommendation in favor of, the adoption and approval of the Agreement or the approval of the Merger; (ii) Stel shall have failed to include or maintain in the Proxy Statement the unanimous recommendation of the board of directors of Stel in favor of the adoption and approval of the Agreement and the approval of the Merger; (iii) the board of directors of Stel shall have failed to reaffirm its unanimous recommendation in favor of the adoption and approval of the Agreement and the approval of the Merger within five days after Newbridge requests in writing that such recommendation be reaffirmed; (iv) the board of directors of Stel or any committee thereof shall have failed to reject any Acquisition Proposal; (v) Stel shall have entered into any letter or intent or similar document or any agreement or commitment contemplating or otherwise relating to an Acquisition Proposal; (vi) subject to Stel's ability to adjourn or postpone a meeting pursuant to the third sentence of Section 5.4(a), Stel shall have failed to hold the Stel Special Meeting as promptly as practicable and in any event (to the extent permissible under applicable law) within 45 days after the expiration of the 10-day waiting period on the preliminary Proxy Statement or, if Stel receives SEC comments on the Proxy Statement, the date that all such comments are cleared with the SEC; (vii) a tender or exchange offer relating to securities of Stel shall have been commenced by a Person unaffiliated with Newbridge and Stel shall not have sent to its security holders pursuant to Rule 14e-2 promulgated under the Securities Act, within ten business days after such tender or exchange offer is first published, sent or given, a statement disclosing that the board of directors of Stel recommends rejection of such tender or exchange offer; or (viii) Stel shall have breached any of its obligations under Section 5.2 of this Agreement. 8.2 Notice of Termination; Effect of Termination. Any termination of this Agreement under Section 8.1 will be effective immediately upon the delivery of a valid written notice of the terminating party to the other parties hereto. In the event of the termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 8.1, this Agreement shall be of no further force or effect, except (i) as set forth in the last sentence of Section 5.3, this Section 8.2, Section 8.3, Sections 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.10, 9.11 and 9.12, each of which shall survive the termination of this Agreement, and (ii) nothing herein shall relieve any party from liability for any willful breach of this Agreement. No termination of this Agreement shall affect the obligations of the parties contained in the Confidentiality Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement or the Technology Option Agreement, all of which obligations shall survive termination of this Agreement in accordance with their terms. 8.3 Fees and Expenses. (a) General. Except as set forth in this Section 8.3, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring such expenses whether or not the Merger is consummated; provided, however, that Newbridge and Stel shall share equally all fees and expenses, other than attorneys' and accountants' fees and expenses, incurred in relation to the printing and filing (with the SEC) of the Proxy Statement (including any preliminary materials related thereto) and any registration statement (including financial statements and exhibits) and any amendments or supplements thereto. (b) Stel Payments. (i) In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Newbridge pursuant to Section 8.1(e), Stel shall promptly, but in no event later than ten business days after the date of such termination, pay Newbridge a nonrefundable fee equal to U.S. $25 million in immediately available funds (the "Termination Fee"). A-35 (ii) In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Newbridge or Stel, as applicable, pursuant to Section 8.1 (b) or (d), (A) Stel shall pay Newbridge the Termination Fee only if following the date hereof and prior to the termination of this Agreement, a Third Party has publicly announced an Acquisition Proposal and within 12 months following the termination of this Agreement, Stel executes with a Third Party an agreement providing for an Acquisition Transaction or an Acquisition Transaction has been consummated and (B) such payment shall be made promptly, but in no event later than ten business days after the execution of such agreement. (iii) In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Newbridge or Stel pursuant to Section 8.1(d) and Stel is not required to pay Newbridge the Termination Fee, Stel shall reimburse Newbridge for all documented expenses incurred by Newbridge in connection with this Agreement, the Stock Option Agreement, the Technology Option Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (the "Newbridge Expenses") in immediately available funds not later than ten business days after the first anniversary of the execution of this Agreement. (iv) In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Newbridge pursuant to Section 8.1(h) because the Closing condition set forth in Section 7.2(b) is not satisfied, Stel shall promptly, but in no event later than ten business days after the date of such termination, reimburse Newbridge for the Newbridge Expenses in immediately available funds. (v) Stel acknowledges that the agreements contained in this Section 8.3(b) are an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and that, without these agreements, Newbridge would not enter into this Agreement; accordingly, if Stel fails to pay in a timely manner the amounts due pursuant to this Section 8.3(b), and, in order to obtain such payment, Newbridge makes a claim that results in a judgment against Stel for the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(b), Stel shall pay to Newbridge its reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) in connection with such suit, together with interest on the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(b) at the prime rate of The Chase Manhattan Bank in effect on the date such payment was required to be made. Payment of the fees described in this Section 8.3(b) shall not be in lieu of damages incurred in the event of breach of this Agreement. ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS 9.1 Amendment and Modification. Subject to applicable law, this Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented only by written agreement of Newbridge, Merger Sub and Stel at any time prior to the Effective Time; provided, however, that after approval of this Agreement by the stockholders of Stel, no such amendment or modification shall change the amount or form of the consideration to be received by Stel's stockholders in the Merger. 9.2 Waiver of Compliance; Consents. Any failure of Newbridge or Merger Sub, on the one hand, or Stel, on the other hand, to comply with any obligation, covenant, agreement or condition herein may be waived by Stel or Newbridge or Merger Sub, respectively, only by a written instrument signed by the party granting such waiver, but such waiver or failure to insist upon strict compliance with such obligation, covenant, agreement or condition shall not operate as a waiver of, or estoppel with respect to, any subsequent or other failure. Whenever this Agreement requires or permits consent by or on behalf of any party hereto, such consent shall be given in writing in a manner consistent with the requirements for a waiver of compliance as set forth in this Section 9.2. 9.3 Survival; Investigations. The respective representations and warranties of Newbridge, Merger Sub and Stel contained herein or in any certificates or other documents delivered prior to or at the Closing shall not be deemed waived or otherwise affected by any investigation made by any party hereto and shall not survive the Effective Time. A-36 9.4 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally by overnight courier or similar means or sent by facsimile with written confirmation of receipt, to the parties at the addresses specified below (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice. Any such notice shall be effective upon receipt, if personally delivered or on the next business day following transmittal if sent by confirmed facsimile. Notices, including oral notices, shall be delivered as follows: if to Stel, to: Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. 1221 Crossman Avenue P.O. Box 3733 Sunnyvale, California 94089 Telephone: (408) 735-0818 Facsimile: (408) 745-2410 Attention: Gary Wolf with a copy to: Thelen Reid & Priest LLP 333 West San Carlos Street, 17th Floor San Jose, California 95110-2701 Telephone: (408) 292-5800 Facsimile: (408) 287-8040 Attention: Jay L. Margulies if to Newbridge, or Merger Sub, to: Newbridge Networks Corporation 600 March Road, P.O. Box 13600 Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2E6 Telephone: (613) 591-3600 Facsimile: (613) 599-3672 Attention: Peter Nadeau with a copy to: Heller Ehrman White & McAuliffe 525 University Avenue Palo Alto, California 94301 Telephone: (650) 324-7000 Facsimile: (650) 324-0638 Attention: Stephen C. Ferruolo (Matter #21969-0009) 9.5 Assignment; Third Party Beneficiaries. Neither this Agreement nor any right, interest or obligation hereunder shall be assigned by any of the parties hereto without the prior written consent of the other parties. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement is not intended to confer any rights or remedies upon any Person other than the parties hereto, with respect only to Section 5.8, the officers and directors of Stel, or as otherwise expressly provided herein. 9.6 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without reference to principles of conflicts of laws. 9.7 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 9.8 Severability. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement should be finally determined to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect against a party hereto, it shall be A-37 adjusted if possible to effect the intent of the parties. In any event, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall only apply as to such party in the specific jurisdiction where such final determination shall have been made. 9.9 Interpretation. The Article and Section headings contained in this Agreement are solely for the purpose of reference and shall not in any way affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. 9.10 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including the exhibits hereto and the documents and instruments referred to herein, embody the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein. There are no representations, promises, warranties, covenants, or undertakings, other than those expressly set forth or referred to herein and therein. 9.11 Definition of "law". When used in this Agreement "law" refers to any applicable law (whether civil, criminal or administrative) including, without limitation, common law, statute, statutory instrument, treaty, regulation, directive, decision, code, order, decree, injunction, resolution or judgment of any government, quasi-government, supranational, federal, state or local government, statutory or regulatory body, court, or agency. 9.12 Rules of Construction. Each party to this Agreement has been represented by counsel during the preparation and execution of this Agreement, and therefore waives any rule of construction that would construe ambiguities against the party drafting the agreement. A-38 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Newbridge Networks Corporation, Saturn Acquisition Corp. and Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective duly authorized officers as of the date first above written. NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS CORPORATION By: /s/ Peter Nadeau ___________________________________ Title: Corporate Vice President, General Counsel By: /s/ John Farmer ___________________________________ Title: Corporate Secretary SATURN ACQUISITION CORP. By: /s/ Peter Nadeau ___________________________________ Title: President, Treasurer and Secretary STANFORD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. By: /s/ Val P. Peline ___________________________________ Title: President and Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ James J. Spilker, Jr. ___________________________________ Title: Chairman of the Board A-39 EX-27.1 3 FINANCIAL DATA SCHEDULE
5 THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME AND THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 6-MOS APR-01-1999 MAR-31-2000 SEP-30-1999 7,767 29,149 46,791 0 6,494 100,044 52,896 42,664 119,272 16,341 0 0 0 133 102,251 119,272 91,827 91,827 60,342 76,020 0 0 0 16,738 5,188 11,550 (911) 0 0 10,639 0.81 0.78
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