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Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Positions We held derivative instruments with absolute notional values as follows:
As of December 31,
20212020
Foreign exchange contracts$1,655 $1,386 
Interest rate caps (a)
11,900 8,871 
Interest rate swaps1,450 1,950 
__________
(a)Represents $7.2 billion of interest rate caps sold, partially offset by approximately $4.7 billion of interest rate caps purchased at December 31, 2021 and $6.0 billion of interest rate caps sold, partially offset by approximately $2.9 billion of interest rate caps purchased at December 31, 2020. These amounts exclude $3.0 billion and $3.1 billion of interest rate caps purchased by our Avis Budget Rental Car Funding subsidiary at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
Fair values (Level 2) of derivative instruments are as follows:
As of December 31, 2021As of December 31, 2020
Fair Value, Asset 
Derivatives
Fair Value, Liability 
Derivatives
Fair Value, Asset 
Derivatives
Fair Value, Liability 
Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps (a)
$$27 $— $69 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts (c)
10 11 
Interest rate caps (b)
11 15 — — 
Total$20 $52 $$80 
__________
Amounts in this table exclude derivatives issued by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, as it is not consolidated by us; however, certain amounts related to the derivatives held by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as discussed in Note 16-Stockholders’ Equity.
(a)Included in other non-current assets or other non-current liabilities.
(b)Included in assets under vehicle programs or liabilities under vehicle programs.
(c)Included in other current assets or other current liabilities.
Schedule of Effect of Derivatives Recognized
The effects of derivatives recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Financial instruments designated as hedging instruments (a)
Interest rate swaps (b)
$32 $(31)$(23)
Euro-denominated notes (c)
56 (67)17 
Financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments (d)
Foreign exchange contracts (e)
(3)(5)(7)
Interest rate caps (f)
(1)— (1)
Commodity contracts (g)
— (6)
Total$84 $(109)$(11)
__________ 
(a)Recognized, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.
(b)Classified as a net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Refer to Note 16-Stockholders’ Equity for amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings.
(c)Classified as a net investment hedge within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
(d)Gains (losses) related to derivative instruments are expected to be largely offset by (losses) gains on the underlying exposures being hedged.
(e)For the year ended December 31, 2021, included a $2 million loss in interest expense and a $1 million loss included in operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2020, included an $3 million loss included in interest expense and a $2 million loss included in operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, included a $11 million loss in interest expense and a $4 million gain included in operating expenses.
(f)Primarily included in vehicle interest, net.
(g)Included in operating expenses.
Schedule of Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values
Debt Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values (Level 2) of debt instruments are as follows:
As of December 31, 2021As of December 31, 2020
Carrying AmountEstimated Fair ValueCarrying AmountEstimated Fair Value
Corporate debt
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
$19 $18 $19 $18 
Long-term debt3,990 4,153 4,191 4,337 
Debt under vehicle programs
Vehicle-backed debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding
$8,848 $9,009 $5,080 $5,317 
Vehicle-backed debt2,528 2,559 1,775 1,796 
Interest rate swaps and interest rate caps (a)
14 14 
___________
(a)Derivatives in liability position.