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Acquisitions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Acquisitions
Acquisitions

2016

France Cars

In December 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of France Cars for approximately $45 million, net of acquired cash. The investment enables the Company to expand its footprint with a leading provider of vehicle rental services in France. The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s International reportable segment. In connection with this acquisition, approximately $23 million was recorded in goodwill, $6 million was recorded in customer relationships, and $9 million related to trademarks was recorded in other intangibles. The customer relationships and trademarks will be amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately 16 years. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not yet been finalized and is therefore subject to change. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

2015

Maggiore Group

In April 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of Maggiore Group (“Maggiore”) for approximately $160 million, net of acquired cash and short-term investments. The investment enabled the Company to expand its footprint with a leading provider of vehicle rental services in Italy. The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s International reportable segment. In connection with this acquisition, approximately $82 million was recorded in goodwill, $50 million was recorded in customer relationships, $34 million related to trademarks were recorded in other intangibles and $11 million was recorded in license agreements. The customer relationships, trademarks and license agreements will be amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately ten years. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Differences between the preliminary allocation of purchase price and the final allocation were not material for Maggiore.

Brazil

In August 2013, the Company made an initial equity investment of $53 million in its Brazilian licensee (“Brazil”) for a 50% ownership stake. Approximately $47 million of this consideration was paid in 2013 and the remaining consideration of $6 million was paid in 2014. In April 2015, the Company acquired the remaining 50% equity interest in Brazil, which is now a wholly-owned subsidiary, for cash consideration of $8 million plus $46 million principally to acquire debt interests and settle certain debt and accrued interest obligations. The acquisition enabled the Company to significantly increase its presence in the Brazilian car rental market. The Company’s initial investment in Brazil was recorded as an equity investment within other non-current assets, and the Company’s share of Brazil’s operating results was reported within operating expenses. At December 31, 2014, the Company’s investment, which was recorded in its Americas reportable segment, totaled approximately $12 million, net of an impairment charge of $33 million ($33 million, net of tax). The impairment charge was recorded at the time of the initial investment based on a combination of observable and unobservable fair value inputs (Level 3), specifically a combination of the Income approach-discounted cash flow method and the Market approach-public company market multiple method. Since the Company previously accounted for its 50% interest in Brazil as an equity-method investment, in order to recognize Brazil as a wholly-owned subsidiary in April 2015, the Company remeasured its previously held equity method investment to fair value using the Income approach-discounted cash flow method (Level 3), resulting in a loss of $8 million during 2015 as part of transaction-related costs. The results of the operations of Brazil and the fair value of its assets and liabilities have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of the acquisition. As the fair value of the licensee’s liabilities exceeded its assets, $77 million was allocated to goodwill for the excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired, which was assigned to the Company’s Americas reportable segment and is not deductible for tax purposes. Differences between the preliminary allocation of purchase price and the final allocation were not material for Brazil.

Avis and Budget Licensees

In November and January 2015, the Company completed the acquisitions of its Avis licensee in Poland and its Avis and Budget licensees in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, respectively, for approximately $62 million, net of acquired cash. Additionally, the Company settled debt obligations of approximately $23 million in Poland. These investments enabled the Company to expand its footprint of Company-operated locations in Europe. The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s International reportable segment. In connection with these acquisitions, approximately $36 million was recorded in license agreements, $29 million was recorded in goodwill and $12 million was recorded in customer relationships. The license agreements and customer relationships will be amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately eight years. In addition, at the time of acquisition, the Company recorded a $25 million non-cash charge within transaction-related costs, net in connection with license rights reacquired by the Company. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Differences between the preliminary allocation of purchase price and the final allocation were not material for Avis and Budget Licensees.

2014

Budget Licensees

During 2014, the Company completed the acquisition of its Budget licensees for Edmonton, Canada; Southern California and Las Vegas, and reacquired the right to operate the Budget brand in Portugal, for approximately $263 million, plus $132 million for acquired fleet. These investments enabled the Company to expand its footprint of Company-operated locations. The acquired fleet was financed under the Company’s existing vehicle financing arrangements. The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s Americas reportable segment for Edmonton, Southern California and Las Vegas and to the Company’s International reportable segment for Portugal. In connection with these acquisitions, approximately $58 million was recorded in identifiable intangible assets (consisting of $10 million related to customer relationships and $48 million related to the license agreements) and $192 million was recorded in goodwill. The customer relationships will be amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately 12 years and the license agreements will be amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately three years. In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash gain of approximately $20 million within transaction-related costs, net in connection with license rights reacquired by the Company. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. Differences between the preliminary allocation of purchase price and the final allocation were not material for Edmonton, Southern California and Las Vegas and Portugal.