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Acquisitions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Acquisitions
Acquisitions

Zipcar

On March 14, 2013, the Company completed the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Zipcar, the leading car sharing company, for $473 million, net of acquired cash. The acquisition increased the Company’s growth potential and its ability to better serve a greater variety of customer transportation needs.

The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s North America segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not yet been finalized and is therefore subject to change. In connection with this acquisition, $188 million was recorded in identifiable intangible assets (consisting of $112 million related to trademarks and $76 million related to customer relationships) and $275 million was recorded in goodwill. The trademark assets are indefinite-lived and the customer relationship intangibles will be amortized over an estimated life of 8 years.

Brazilian licensee

On August 12, 2013, the Company acquired a 50% ownership stake in its Brazilian licensee for $53 million. Approximately $11 million of the total consideration was paid in the third quarter of 2013 and the remainder is expected to be paid by the end of first quarter 2014. The Company’s investment significantly increases its presence in the Brazilian car rental market.

The Company’s investment in its Brazilian licensee was recorded as an equity investment within Other non-current assets, and the Company’s share of the Brazilian licensee’s operating results is reported within Operating expenses. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company agreed to the payment of contingent consideration of up to $13 million based on the Brazilian licensee’s future financial performance. The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated by utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation technique, based on a range of possible future results, and no value was attributed to the contingent consideration at the acquisition date. At September 30, 2013, the Company’s investment totaled approximately $20 million, which is net of an impairment charge of $33 million ($33 million, net of tax). The impairment charge was recorded at the time of the investment based on a combination of observable and unobservable fair value inputs (Level 3), specifically a combination of the Income approach‐discounted cash flow method and the Market approach-public company market multiple method.

Payless Car Rental

On July 15, 2013, the Company completed the acquisition of Payless for $50 million in cash. The acquisition provides the Company with a meaningful position in the deep-value segment of the car rental industry.

The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s North America segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not yet been finalized and is therefore subject to change. In connection with this acquisition, $23 million was recorded in identifiable intangible assets (consisting of $16 million related to trademarks and $7 million related to license agreements) and $27 million was recorded in goodwill. The trademark assets are indefinite-lived and the license agreements will be amortized over an estimated life of 15 years.

Apex Car Rentals

In October 2012, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets of Apex Car Rentals (“Apex”), a leading deep-value car rental company in New Zealand and Australia, operating a fleet of approximately 4,000 rental vehicles. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company paid $63 million in cash (including the acquisition of fleet) and agreed to the payment of contingent consideration with an estimated acquisition date fair value of $9 million. The contingent consideration consists of a maximum of $26 million in additional payments that are contingent on Apex’ future financial performance, and the fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date was estimated by utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation technique, based on a range of possible future results. The allocation of the purchase price of Apex principally includes vehicles of $33 million, trademarks of $21 million and goodwill of $16 million, which were allocated to the Company’s International segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.