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General and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

May 02, 2021

Continuing Operations

Our continuing operations are classified into two business segments: mattress fabrics and upholstery fabrics. The mattress fabrics segment manufactures, sources, and sells fabrics and mattress covers primarily to bedding manufacturers. We have wholly-owned mattress fabric operations located in Stokesdale, NC, High Point, NC, and Quebec, Canada, as well as a wholly-owned cut and sew mattress cover operation located in Ouanaminthe, Haiti (see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding this business combination).

The upholstery fabrics segment develops, manufactures, sources, and sells fabrics primarily to residential and commercial furniture manufacturers. We have wholly-owned upholstery fabric operations located in Shanghai, China and Burlington, NC. We also commenced construction on a new facility in Haiti during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. This new wholly-owned operation will be dedicated to the production of cut and sewn upholstery kits and is expected to begin operating during the second quarter of fiscal 2022. Additionally, Read Window Products, LLC (“Read”), a wholly-owned subsidiary with operations located in Knoxville, TN, provides window treatments and sourcing of upholstery fabrics and other products, as well as measuring and installation of Read’s own products, to customers in the hospitality and commercial industries. Read also supplies soft goods such as decorative top sheets, coverlets, duvet covers, bed skirts, bolsters, and pillows.

Discontinued Operation – Home Accessories Segment

Effective June 22, 2018, we acquired an 80% ownership interest in eLuxury, LLC (“eLuxury”), a company that offers bedding accessories and home goods directly to consumers and businesses through its e-commerce platform. eLuxury’s financial information was included in our home accessories segment.

Effective March 31, 2020, we sold our entire ownership interest in eLuxury to its noncontrolling interest holder as part of our comprehensive response to the challenging conditions arising from the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of this sale, our home accessories segment was eliminated at such time, and therefore its results of operations and assets and liabilities were excluded from our continuing operations and presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Principles of Consolidation

Overall

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounts of our subsidiaries located in Shanghai, China and Poznan, Poland are consolidated as of April 30, a calendar month end, which are required by the Chinese and Polish governments, respectively. No events occurred related to the difference between our fiscal year end on the Sunday closest to April 30 and our China and Polish subsidiaries, year end of April 30 that materially affected the company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows for fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Class International Holdings, Ltd. (CIH)

Equity Method of Accounting and Consolidation

Effective January 1, 2017, Culp International Holdings, Ltd. (Culp International), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Culp, Inc. (“Culp”), entered into a joint venture agreement pursuant to which Culp International owned 50% of CIH.

As a result of our initial 50% ownership interest, Culp’s investment in CIH was accounted for under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 823 – Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The equity method of accounting is required for an investee entity (i.e., CIH) that is not consolidated but over which the reporting entity (i.e., Culp.) exercises significant influence.

Whether or not a reporting entity exercises significant influence with respect to an investee depends on an evaluation of several factors, including representation on the investee’s board of directors, voting rights, and ownership level. In accordance with the equity method of accounting, our 50% proportionate share of earnings and losses from CIH were reflected in the caption “Income (loss) from investment in unconsolidated joint venture” in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, the full fiscal 2020 year, and the full fiscal 2019 year. Our carrying value in CIH was reflected in the caption “Investment in unconsolidated joint venture” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Effective February 1, 2021, Culp International entered into a Share Purchase Agreement in which it acquired the remaining 50% ownership interest in CIH. Pursuant to this transaction, Culp International is now the sole owner with full control over CIH. As a result, effective February 1, 2021, our consolidated financial statements now include all of the accounts of CIH, and any significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Furthermore, the equity method of accounting will no longer be used and the former investment in unconsolidated joint venture is now included in the net assets of our now 100% interest in CIH. (see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding this business combination).

Discontinued Operation – Home Accessories Segment

Consolidation

As a result of the fiscal 2019 acquisition of our 80% ownership interest in eLuxury, we previously included all the accounts of eLuxury in our consolidated financial statements and eliminated all significant intercompany balances and transactions. Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest in eLuxury was excluded from net income (loss) attributable to Culp Inc. common shareholders.

Substantive Profit-Sharing Provisions

In connection with the fiscal 2019 acquisition of our 80% ownership in interest in eLuxury, we entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (Equity Agreement) that contained substantive profit-sharing provisions which explicitly stated the ownership interests as of the acquisition date of June 22, 2018, and the allocation of net income or loss between us, as the controlling interest holder, and the noncontrolling interest holder. The Equity Agreement stated as of the acquisition date, we acquired an 80% ownership interest in eLuxury, with the seller retaining a 20% noncontrolling interest. Additionally, eLuxury’s net income or loss, future capital contributions and equity distributions were allocated at a percentage of 70% to or from us and 30% to or from the noncontrolling interest holder. Also, the Equity Agreement included certain loss limitations pursuant to which net losses allocated pursuant to the Equity Agreement would not exceed the maximum amount of net loss that could be allocated without causing any owners to have a capital account deficit as defined in the agreement

The carrying value of our controlling interest and the noncontrolling interest was recorded based on the terms of the substantive profit-sharing provisions of the Equity Agreement. As a result, eLuxury’s total net asset balance of $1.9 million as of March 31, 2020, (the disposal date) represented the carrying value of our controlling interest.

Deconsolidation

In accordance with ASC Topic 810-10-40, a parent company must deconsolidate a subsidiary as of the date the parent ceases to have a controlling interest in that subsidiary and recognize a gain or loss in net income at that time. As a result, we deconsolidated eLuxury from our consolidated financial statements on March 31, 2020, the effective date of the sale agreement, and recognized a loss on disposal of discontinued operation totaling $1.9 million, which is included in net loss from discontinued operation in the fiscal 2020 Consolidated Statement of Net Loss. The $1.9 million loss on disposal of discontinued operation represented the entire carrying amount of eLuxury’s assets less liabilities as of the disposal date of March 31, 2020. Based on the terms of the sale agreement, we did not receive any consideration for eLuxury’s net assets associated with the sale of our entire ownership interest in eLuxury or retain a noncontrolling interest in eLuxury. Additionally, based on the terms of the substantive profit-sharing provisions stated in the Equity Agreement, the noncontrolling interest did not have a carrying amount for their interest in eLuxury. See Note 3 “Disposal - Overview” section of the consolidated financial statements for description of consideration.

Fiscal Year

Our fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period ending on the Sunday closest to April 30. Fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019 included 52 weeks, 53 weeks, and 52 weeks, respectively.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposit and money market accounts. We consider all highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

A summary of our cash and cash equivalents by geographic area follows:

	May 2,		May 3,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020
United States	$	24,621	$	58,057
China		10,635		10,531
Canada		1,525		1,160
Haiti		220		—
Cayman Islands		8		42
	$	37,009	$	69,790

Throughout the year, we have cash balances regarding our U.S. operations of more than the federally insured amounts on deposit with a financial institution. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. Management believes we are not exposed to any significant credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Substantially all our accounts receivable were due from manufacturers in the bedding and furniture industries. We grant credit to customers and generally do not require collateral. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects estimates of probable credit losses. As of the end of each reporting period, we assess the credit risk of our customers within our accounts receivable portfolio. Our risk assessment includes the respective customer’s (i) financial position; (ii) past payment history; (iii) management’s general ability; (iv) historical loss experience; and (v) any other ongoing economic conditions (i.e., COVID-19). After our risk assessment is completed, we assign credit grades to our customers, which in turn, are used to determine our allowance for doubtful accounts. We do not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers.

Inventories

We account for inventories at the lower of first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost or net realizable value. Management continually examines inventory to determine if there are indicators that the carrying value exceeds its net realizable value. Experience has shown that the most significant indicators of the need for inventory markdowns are the age of the inventory and the planned discontinuance of certain patterns. As a result, we provide inventory valuation write-downs based upon established percentages based on the age of the inventory that are continually evaluated as events and market conditions require. Our inventory aging categories are six, nine, twelve, and fifteen months. We also provide inventory valuation write-downs based on the planned discontinuance of certain products based on the current market values at that time as compared to their current carrying values.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. When properties or equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. Amounts received on disposal less the book value of assets sold are charged or credited to income from operations.

Management reviews long-lived assets, which consist principally of property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recovered. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. After the impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount is the new accounting basis. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying value or fair value less cost to sell when the company has committed to a disposal plan and would be reported separately as assets held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. There were no advertising costs presented in continuing operations during fiscal year 2021, 2020, or 2019. We presented advertising costs totaling $1.7 million and $2.2 million in discontinued operations during fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Interest Costs

Total interest costs incurred were $51,000, $190,000, and $65,000 during fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. All of the total interest costs incurred during fiscal 2021 were presented in continuing operations. Of the $190,000 in total interest costs incurred during fiscal 2020, $106,000 and $84,000 were presented in continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively. Of the $65,000 in total interest costs incurred during fiscal 2019, $35,000 and $30,000 were presented in continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively.

We capitalize interest costs incurred on funds used to construct property, plant, and equipment. The capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is depreciated over the asset’s estimated useful life. No interest costs for the construction of qualifying fixed assets were capitalized during fiscal 2021, 2020, or 2019.

Foreign Currency Adjustments

The United States dollar is the functional currency for the company’s Canadian and Chinese subsidiaries. All monetary foreign currency asset and liability accounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities such as property, plant, and equipment and right of use assets are recorded at historical exchange rates. Foreign currency revenues and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during the year, except for certain expenses related to balance sheet amounts remeasured at historical exchange rates, such as depreciation expense. Exchange gains and losses from remeasurement of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are recorded in the other expense line item in the Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) in the period in which they occur.

A summary of our foreign currency exchange (losses) gains by geographic area follows:

(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			2019
China	$	(1,389	)	$	42		$	—
Canada		(22	)		(138	)		2
Euro foreign exchange contract		—			—			(64	)
	$	(1,411	)	$	(96	)	$	(62	)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Fiscal 2020

In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, our business was classified into our four reporting units during fiscal 2020 and 2019: mattress fabrics, upholstery fabrics, Read Window Products, LLC, and home accessories. Effective March 31, 2020, we sold our entire ownership interest in eLuxury to its noncontrolling interest holder, and our home accessories reporting unit was eliminated at such time. As a result of this sale, we met the criteria outlined in ASC Topic 205-20 for our goodwill to be classified as held for sale and the results of operations and assets and liabilities for our home accessories segment were excluded from our continuing operations and presented as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for further details).

ASC Topic 350 requires us to assess goodwill for impairment annually (the last day of our fiscal year) or between annual tests if we believe certain indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators could include but are not limited to (1) deterioration in the environment of the industry and markets in which we operate, (2) unanticipated competition, (3) a deterioration in general economic conditions, (4) overall decline in financial performance such as negative and declining cash flows, or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results or relevant prior periods, and (5) a decrease in the price per share of our common stock. As a result, we first assess qualitative factors, such as the indicators outlined above, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the applicable reporting unit with its carrying value. We estimate the fair values of our reporting units using a combination of the income, discounted cash flows, and market approach, which utilizes comparable companies’ data. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

As a result of our third quarter and annual impairment assessments during the fourth quarter, we recorded asset impairment charges associated with our goodwill and tradenames totaling $33.9 million during fiscal 2020. Of the total $33.9 million, $20.2 million and $13.7 million were reported in discontinued operations and continuing operations, respectively. Also, of the total $33.9 million asset impairment charges, $27.2 million and $6.7 pertained to goodwill and tradenames, respectively. Due to the asset impairment charges of $27.2 million associated with our goodwill, no goodwill was reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020.

See Notes 8 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements for further details of our assessments of impairment, conclusions reached, and the performance of our quantitative test.

Fiscal 2021and Fiscal 2019

No asset impairment charges were recorded during fiscal 2021 or fiscal 2019.

Income Taxes

Deferred Income Taxes – Overall

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of our assets, liabilities, and our U.S. loss carryforwards and foreign income tax credits at income tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. The effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax (expense) benefit in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred Income Taxes – Valuation Allowance

We evaluate our deferred income taxes to determine if a valuation allowance is required. We assess whether a valuation allowance should be established based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more-likely-than-not” standard with significant weight being given to evidence that can be objectively verified. Since we operate in multiple jurisdictions, we assess the need for a valuation allowance on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, considering the effects of local tax law.

Deferred Income Taxes – Undistributed Earnings from Foreign Subsidiaries

We assess whether the undistributed earnings from our foreign subsidiaries will be reinvested indefinitely or eventually distributed to our U.S. parent company. We are required to record a deferred tax liability for undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries that will not be reinvested indefinitely. Also, we assess the recognition of U.S. foreign income tax credits associated with foreign withholding and income tax payments and whether it is more likely than not that our foreign income tax credits will not be realized. If it is determined that any foreign income tax credits need to be recognized or it is more likely than not our foreign income tax credits will not be realized, an adjustment to our provision for income taxes will be recognized at that time.

For fiscal 2019 and beyond, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act allows a U.S. corporation a 100% dividend received deduction for earnings and profits received from a 10% owned foreign corporation. Therefore, a deferred tax liability will only be required for unremitted withholding taxes associated with earnings and profits generated by our foreign subsidiaries that will ultimately be repatriated to the U.S. parent company.

Uncertainty in Income Taxes

We recognize the income tax effect from an uncertain income tax position only if it is more likely than not that the income tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The income tax effect recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Penalties and interest related to uncertain income tax positions are recorded as income tax expense. Significant judgment is required in the identification of uncertain income tax positions and in the estimation of penalties and interest on uncertain income tax positions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Adoption of New Standard

On April 30, 2018 (the beginning of fiscal 2019), we adopted ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC Topic 606 or the “new standard”). ASC Topic 606 requires us to disclose significant judgments and changes in judgments in applying the new standard that significantly affect the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

The application of the new standard did not have a material affect on our results of operations or financial condition. However, as required by ASC Topic 606, we recorded a reclassification adjustment from a contra account applied to accounts receivable to accrued expenses for estimated sales returns and allowances totaling $1.2 million.

Significant Judgements and Accounting Policies

See below for disclosure of our significant judgements and accounting policies or determining the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We determined that our customer purchase orders represent contracts. In addition to purchase orders, we also have supply contracts with certain customers that define standard terms and conditions. Our contracts generally include promises to sell upholstery fabrics, mattress fabrics, or home goods products. In addition, we provide fabrication and installation services of our own products associated with customized window treatments.

Revenue associated with sales of our products is recognized at the point in time when control of the promised goods has been transferred to the customer. The point in time when control transfers to the customer depends on the contractually agreed upon shipping terms, but typically occurs once the product has been shipped or once it has been delivered to a location specified by the customer. For certain warehousing arrangements, transfer of control to the customer is deemed to have occurred when the customer pulls the inventory for use in their production.

Revenue associated with our customized fabrication services, which are performed on various types of window treatments, is recognized over time once the customized products are deemed to have no alternative use and for which we have an enforceable right to payment for the services performed. Revenue for our customized fabrication services is recognized over time using the output method based on units produced. Revenue associated with our installation services of our own products is also recognized over time as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the promised installation services. Revenue associated with our installation services is recognized over time using the output method based on units installed.

Transaction Price

The transaction price is typically allocated to performance obligations based upon stand-alone selling prices. We did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as substantially all of any unsatisfied performance obligations as of May 2, 2021, will be satisfied within one year or less.

Revenue Measurement

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the transfer of the promised products and services. The amount of consideration we expect to receive changes due to variable consideration is associated with allowances for sales returns, early payment discounts, and volume rebates that we offer to customers. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price is only included in net sales to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period.

Our mattress fabrics and upholstery fabrics business segments only allow product returns to the extent that the products or services did not meet the contractually agreed upon specifications at the time of sale. Customers must receive authorization prior to returning products. Our former home accessories business segment allowed returns for any reason provided the product was returned within the stated time frame, generally 30 days, unless the product was customized in which case a defect must be present in order to return the product. Estimates of allowances for sales returns are based on historical data, current potential product return issues, and known sales returns for which customers have been granted return authorization. Known sales returns for which customers have been granted permission to return products for a refund or credit, continue to be recorded as a contra account receivable. Estimates for potential future sales returns and related customer accommodations are recorded within accrued expenses. We record estimates for sales returns on a gross basis rather than a net basis and an estimate for a right of return asset is recorded in other current assets and cost of goods sold. Variable consideration associated with early payment cash discounts are estimated using current payment trends and historical data on a customer-by-customer basis. The variable consideration associated with volume rebates is based on the portion of the rebate earned relative to the total amount of rebates the customer is expected to earn over the rebate period, as determined using historical data and projections.

We evaluated the nature of our warranties related to our contracts with customers and determined that any such warranties are assurance-type warranties that cover only compliance with agreed upon specifications, and therefore are not considered separate performance obligations.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Revenue received for shipping and handling costs, which is immaterial for all periods presented, is included in net sales. Shipping costs, principally freight, that comprise payments to third-party shippers are classified as cost of sales. Handling costs represent finished goods warehousing costs incurred to store, move, and prepare products for shipment in the company’s various distribution facilities. Handling costs were $3.9 million, $4.0 million, and $4.2 million fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Sales and Other Taxes

Sales and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis and, as such, are excluded from revenues.

Leases

Adoption of New Standard

On April 29, 2019 (the beginning of fiscal 2020), we adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842 or the “new standard’), which requires lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet and disclose certain key information about their leasing arrangements. The new standard establishes a right of use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability for certain lease contracts. Topic 842 allows the election of several practical expedients as part of adopting this new standard. We elected the “package of practical expedients” which permits us not to reassess our previous conclusions regarding lease identification and classification. We did not elect the use of hindsight with respect to determining the lease term. Topic 842 provides practical expedients after adoption of the new standard. We elected the short-term lease exemption, and therefore, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases shorter than twelve months. We did not elect the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for any class of assets and will account for lease components separately from non-lease components.

We adopted Topic 842 electing to use the modified retrospective transition method, which requires us to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, financial information and disclosures is not provided for periods prior to April 29, 2019.

Topic 842 had a material effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and increased the required disclosures in our notes to the consolidated financial statements (see Note 13 for further details). On April 29, 2019, our Consolidated Balance Sheet was significantly affected by the recognition of ROU assets totaling $7.2 million that were mostly offset by the recognition of lease liabilities totaling $7.1 million. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material effect on our Consolidated Statements of Net Income (Loss) or our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Significant Judgements and Accounting Policies

See below for disclosure of our significant judgements and accounting policies for determining the lease term of our leases and the incremental borrowing rates used to calculate the present value of lease payments to measure our ROU assets and lease liabilities on the date a lease arrangement is commenced.

We lease manufacturing facilities, office space, distribution centers, and equipment under operating lease arrangements. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at its inception if it conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the commencement date of a lease arrangement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

A lease term may include renewal options if it is reasonably certain that the option to renew a lease period will be exercised. A renewal option is considered reasonably certain to be exercised if there is a significant economic incentive, as defined in Topic 842, to exercise the renewal option on the date a lease arrangement is commenced.

For our leases, an estimated incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) is utilized, based on information available at the inception of the lease. The IBR represents an estimate of the interest rate we would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of the lease.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our equity incentive plans are described more fully in Note 14 to the notes to the consolidated financial statements. ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, requires that all stock-based compensation be recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements and that such cost be measured at the grant date for awards issued to employees and the company’s board of directors. Equity awards issued to non-employees are measured at the earlier date of when the performance criteria are met or at the end of each reporting period. Compensation expense for time-vested restricted stock awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period. Compensation expense for performance-based restricted stock units is recorded based on an assessment each reporting period of the probability that certain performance goals will be met during the contingent vesting period. If performance goals are not probable of occurrence, no compensation expense will be recognized. Previously recognized compensation cost on performance goals that were previously deemed probable and subsequently were not met or not expected to be met is reversed.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include certain financial instruments, and the fair market value of such instruments may differ from amounts reflected on a historical basis. These financial instruments include our short-term and long-term investments classified as available-for-sale. The fair value measurements of our financial instruments are described more fully in Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, lines of credit (which were repaid in full during the first quarter of fiscal 2021), accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of these financial instruments.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”)

Adoption of New Standard

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The FASB has subsequently issued updates to the standard to provide additional clarification on specific topics. Topic 326 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. As a result, we adopted the provisions of Topic 326 on May 4, 2020 (the beginning of fiscal 2021). The adoption of Topic 326 did not affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Trade Accounts Receivable

See Note 4 of our consolidated financial statements for further disclosures resulting from the adoption of CECL as it pertains to trade accounts receivable.

Investments

As of May 4, 2020, we did not record an allowance for credit losses related to our short-term available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments, which are comprised of fixed income securities that are predominantly investment grade U.S. and foreign corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury bonds, and short-term mutual bond funds. We determined that our credit loss exposure was immaterial due to the short-term nature of our mutual bond funds, and we have historically experienced historically low unrealized losses and gains during past reporting periods. In addition, it is not our intention to sell nor is it likely that we will be required to sell, our held-to-maturity investments before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.

As of May 2, 2021, we reported an unrealized gain of $24,000 associated with our short-term investments classified as available-for-sale. As mentioned above, it is not our intention to sell nor is it likely that we will be required to sell, our held-to-maturity investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Accordingly, we did not record any credit loss exposure during fiscal 2021.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are required to apply this guidance in our fiscal 2022 interim and annual financial statements. Currently, we do not expect this standard to affect our consolidated financial statements.

There are no other recently issued accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Investments (Held-To-Maturity) [Member]

Investments

Investments (Held-To-Maturity)

Our investments classified as held-to-maturity consisted of investment grade U.S. corporate bonds, foreign bonds, and government bonds with remaining maturities of less than 2 years as of May 2, 2021. These investments were classified as held-to-maturity as we have the positive intent and ability to hold these investments until maturity. Our held-to-maturity investments were recorded as either current or noncurrent in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, based on the maturity date in relation to the respective reporting period and recorded at amortized cost.

The amortized cost of our held-to-maturity investments was $4.3 million and $6.3 million as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020, respectively. The fair value these investments was $4.3 million and $6.4 million as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020, respectively.

Our bond investments were classified as level 2 in accordance with the fair value hierarchy defined in Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements. Our bond investments were traded over the counter within a broker network and not on an active market. The fair value of our bond investments was determined based on a published source that provided an average bid price. The average bid price was based on various broker prices that were determined based on market conditions, interest rates, and the rating of the respective bond investments.

All our investments classified as held-to-maturity reside with our U.S. operations.

Short-term Investments (Available-for-Sale) [Member]

Investments

Short-Term Investments (Available-for-Sale)

Our short-term investments classified as available-for-sale were recorded at their fair values of $5.5 million and $923,000 as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020, respectively. These investments had an accumulated unrealized gain of $24,000 and $9,000 as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020, respectively. The fair value of our short-term investments approximated their cost basis.

All our short-term investments classified as available-for-sale reside with our U.S. operations.

Long-term investments (Rabbi Trust) [Member]

Investments

Long-Term Investments (Rabbi Trust)

We have a rabbi trust to set aside funds for participants of our deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”) that enables our participants to credit their contributions to various investment options of the Plan. The investments associated with the rabbi trust consist of investments in a money market fund and various mutual funds that are classified as available-for-sale.

Our long-term investments classified as available-for-sale were recorded at their fair value of $8.4 million and $7.8 million as of May 2, 2021, and May 3, 2020, respectively. These investments had an accumulated unrealized gain totaling $122,000 as of May 2, 2021, and an accumulated unrealized loss of $19,000 as of May 3, 2020. The fair value of our long-term investments associated with our rabbi trust approximates their cost basis.

All our long-term investments classified as available-for-sale that pertain to our rabbi trust reside with our U.S. operations.