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Cash and Investments
12 Months Ended
Sep. 02, 2021
Investments [Abstract]  
Cash and Investments
Cash and Investments

Substantially all of our marketable debt and equity investments were classified as available-for-sale as of the dates noted below. Cash and equivalents and the fair values of our available-for-sale investments, which approximated amortized costs, were as follows:
20212020
As ofCash and EquivalentsShort-term Investments
Long-term Marketable Investments(1)
Total Fair ValueCash and EquivalentsShort-term Investments
Long-term Marketable Investments(1)
Total Fair Value
Cash$5,796 $— $— $5,796 $3,996 $— $— $3,996 
Level 1(2)
Money market funds38 — — 38 1,828 — — 1,828 
Level 2(3)
Certificates of deposits1,907 69 — 1,976 1,740 10 1,752 
Corporate bonds429 1,134 1,572 266 592 861 
Asset-backed securities95 509 612 31 211 243 
Government securities190 122 313 115 243 364 
Commercial paper87 — 91 50 96 — 146 
7,763 $870 $1,765 $10,398 7,624 $518 $1,048 $9,190 
Restricted cash(4)
66 66 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$7,829 $7,690 
(1)The maturities of long-term marketable securities range from one to four years.
(2)The fair value of Level 1 securities is measured based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
(3)The fair value of Level 2 securities is measured using information obtained from pricing services, which obtain quoted market prices for similar instruments, non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, or various other methodologies, to determine the appropriate value at the measurement date. We perform supplemental analysis to validate information obtained from these pricing services. No adjustments were made to the fair values indicated by such pricing information as of September 2, 2021 or September 3, 2020.
(4)Restricted cash is included in other noncurrent assets and primarily relates to certain government incentives received prior to being earned and for which restrictions lapse upon achieving certain performance conditions.

Gross realized gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were not significant for any period presented.

In addition to the amounts included in the table above, we had $153 million and $92 million of non-marketable equity investments without a readily determinable fair value that were included in other noncurrent assets as of September 2, 2021 and September 3, 2020, respectively. We recognized gains in other non-operating income on these non-marketable investments of $70 million and $13 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. These gains primarily resulted from adjustments of these investments to the value indicated by transactions in the same or similar investments.