Equity Plans

As of March 1, 2018, 94 million shares of our common stock were available for future awards under our equity plans.

Stock Options



	Quarter ended						Six months ended
	March 1, 2018			March 2, 2017			March 1, 2018			March 2, 2017
Stock options granted	1			4			2			6
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share	$	18.61		$	8.37		$	18.13		$	8.15
Average expected life in years	5.5			5.5			5.5			5.5
Weighted-average expected volatility	44		%	47		%	44		%	47		%
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	2.2		%	1.9		%	2.2		%	1.8		%
Expected dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units ("Restricted Stock Awards")



	Quarter ended				Six months ended
	March 1, 2018		March 2, 2017		March 1, 2018		March 2, 2017
Restricted stock award shares granted	2		5		4		8
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share	$	43.21	$	18.67	$	41.51	$	18.52

Stock-based Compensation Expense



	Quarter ended				Six months ended
	March 1, 2018		March 2, 2017		March 1, 2018		March 2, 2017
Stock-based compensation expense by caption
Cost of goods sold	$	22	$	23	$	42	$	42
Selling, general, and administrative	16		18		34		33
Research and development	14		14		27		26
	$	52	$	55	$	103	$	101

Stock-based compensation expense by type of award
Stock options	$	14	$	18	$	31	$	35
Restricted stock awards	38		37		72		66
	$	52	$	55	$	103	$	101

The income tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $58 million and $116 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, and $42 million and $63 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively. The income tax benefits related to share-based compensation expense for the periods presented prior to the second quarter of 2018 were offset by an increase in the U.S. valuation allowance. As of March 1, 2018, $402 million of total unrecognized compensation costs for unvested awards was expected to be recognized through the second quarter of 2022, resulting in a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.