Cash and Investments

Cash and equivalents and the fair values of our available-for-sale investments, which approximated amortized costs, were as follows:



As of	March 1, 2018								August 31, 2017
	Cash and Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Marketable Investments⁽¹⁾		Total Fair Value		Cash and Equivalents		Short-term Investments		Long-term Marketable Investments⁽¹⁾		Total Fair Value
Cash	$	2,496	$	—	$	—	$	2,496	$	2,237	$	—	$	—	$	2,237
Level 1⁽²⁾
Money market funds	5,099		—		—		5,099		2,332		—		—		2,332
Level 2⁽³⁾
Corporate bonds	—		122		299		421		—		193		315		508
Government securities	39		55		95		189		1		90		126		217
Certificates of deposit	172		7		1		180		483		24		3		510
Asset-backed securities	—		14		125		139		—		2		173		175
Commercial paper	22		16		—		38		56		10		—		66
	7,828		$	214	$	520	$	8,562	5,109		$	319	$	617	$	6,045
Restricted cash⁽⁴⁾	113								107
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	7,941							$	5,216


⁽¹⁾	The maturities of long-term marketable securities range from one to four years.


⁽²⁾	The fair value of Level 1 securities is measured based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

⁽³⁾

The fair value of Level 2 securities is measured using information obtained from pricing services, which obtain quoted market prices for similar instruments, non-binding market consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data, or various other methodologies, to determine the appropriate value at the measurement date. We perform supplemental analyses to validate information obtained from these pricing services. No adjustments were made to the fair values indicated by such pricing information as of March 1, 2018 or August 31, 2017.


⁽⁴⁾	Restricted cash is included in other noncurrent assets and primarily represents balances related to the MMJ Creditor Payments and interest reserve balances related to the 2021 MSTW Term Loan.

Gross realized gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were not material for any period presented. As of March 1, 2018, there were no available-for-sale securities that had been in a loss position for longer than 12 months.