2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Immunomedics and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets represent minority stockholders' proportionate share of the (deficit) equity in such subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions relate to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventory and property and equipment, useful lives of property and equipment, accrued liabilities, stock compensation expenses, income tax uncertainties and other contingencies.

Foreign Currencies

For subsidiaries outside of the United States that operate in a local currency environment, income and expense items are translated to United States dollars at the monthly average rates of exchange prevailing during the year, assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of stockholders' equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity and are included in the determination of comprehensive (loss) income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of net loss in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents and all investments with maturities of greater than three months from date of purchase are classified as marketable securities available-for-sale.

Marketable securities

Marketable securities, all of which are available-for-sale, consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. bonds, U.S. sponsored agencies and municipal bonds. Marketable securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related income taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, except for losses from impairments which are determined to be other-than-temporary. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in the determination of net loss and are included in interest and other income (net), at which time the average cost basis of these securities are adjusted to fair value. Fair values are based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. Interest and dividends on available-for-sale securities are included interest and other income (net).

Accounts Receivable

Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. The Company utilizes a specific identification accounts receivable reserve methodology based on a review of outstanding balances and previous activities to determine the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company charges off uncollectible receivables at the time the Company determines the receivable is no longer collectible. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments subject to credit risk.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk. Immunomedics periodically invests its cash in corporate debt securities, U.S. bonds, U.S. sponsored agencies and municipal bonds with strong credit ratings. Immunomedics has established guidelines relative to diversification and maturities that are designed to help ensure safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed to take advantage of trends in yields and interest rates.

Inventory

Inventory, which consists of the raw materials, work-in-process and finished product of LeukoScan®, is stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market, and includes materials, labor and manufacturing overhead.

Property and Equipment and Impairment of Assets

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives (5 - 10 years) of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the remaining life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset. Immunomedics reviews long‑lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Immunomedics assesses the recoverability of long‑lived assets held and to be used based on undiscounted cash flows, and measures the impairment, if any, using discounted cash flows. To date the Company has not taken any impairment charges on property and equipment.

Life Insurance Policies

The Company has life insurance policies on Dr. David M. Goldenberg, the Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Scientific Officer, and Chief Patent Officer, which are for the benefit of the Company. When the Company is the beneficiary of the policy, and there are no other contractual arrangements between the Company and Dr. Goldenberg, the Company recognizes the amount that could be realized under the insurance arrangement as an asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company has accounted for revenue arrangements that include multiple deliverables as a separate unit of accounting if both of the following criteria are met: a) the delivered item has value to the customer on a standalone basis, and b) if the right of return exists, delivery of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in the control of the vendor. If these criteria are not met, the revenue elements must be considered a single unit of accounting for purposes of revenue recognition. The Company allocates revenue consideration, excluding contingent consideration, based on the relative selling prices of the separate units of accounting contained within an arrangement containing multiple deliverables. Relative selling prices are determined using vendor specific objective evidence, if it exists; otherwise third-party evidence or the Company’s best estimate of selling price is used for each deliverable.

Payments received under contracts to fund certain research activities are recognized as revenue in the period in which the research activities are performed. Payments received in advance that are related to future performance are deferred and recognized as revenue when the research projects are performed. Upfront nonrefundable fees associated with license and development agreements where the Company has continuing involvement in the agreement are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over the estimated service period. The Company estimates the period of continuing involvement based on the best evidential matter available at each reporting period. If the estimated service period is subsequently modified, the period over which the upfront fee is recognized is modified accordingly on a prospective basis.

In order to determine the revenue recognition for contingent milestones, the Company evaluates the contingent milestones using the criteria as provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (“FASB”) guidance on the milestone method of revenue recognition, as explained in ASU 2010-17, “Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition”, at the inception of a collaboration agreement. The criteria requires that (i) the Company determines if the milestone is commensurate with either its performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of value resulting from the Company’s activities to achieve the milestone, (ii) the milestone be related to past performance, and (iii) the milestone be reasonable relative to all deliverable and payment terms of the collaboration arrangement. If these criteria are met then the contingent milestones can be considered as substantive milestones and will be recognized as revenue in the period that the milestone is achieved. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with the terms of various research and collaboration agreements.

Revenue from the sale of diagnostic products is recorded when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable or collectability is reasonably assured. Allowances, if any, are established for uncollectible amounts, estimated product returns and discounts. Since allowances are recorded based on management’s estimates, actual amounts may be different in the future.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for clinical trials for patients and investigators are expensed as services are performed in accordance with the agreements in place with the institutions.

Reimbursement of Research and Development Costs

Reimbursement toward research and development costs under collaboration agreements are included as a reduction of research and development expenses. The Company records these reimbursements as a reduction of research and development expenses as the Company’s partner in the collaboration agreement has the financial risks and responsibility for conducting these research and development activities.

Manufacturing Costs

Manufacturing costs incurred in relation to the development of materials produced in order to fulfill contractual obligations are deferred and are recorded in other current assets until the product is delivered in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes, including the recognition of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities for the anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statements amounts and their respective tax bases. The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recovery. A valuation allowance is established when the Company believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the Company’s tax provision in the period of change.

The Company does not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2016 or 2015. The U.S. Federal statute of limitation remains open for the fiscal years 2012 onward. The Company’s tax returns filed in foreign jurisdictions remain open for the fiscal years 2012 onward. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of 3 - 5 years after filing of the respective return. The Company conducts business and files tax returns in New Jersey.

Net Loss Per Share Allocable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and vested restricted shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding. During fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, no potential shares of common stock were included in the calculation since their affect would be anti-dilutive due to the operating losses. The common stock equivalents excluded from the earnings per share calculation are 26,665,296, 25,815,581 and 7,096,981 for the fiscal years ended June 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes stock-based compensation in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, stock unit awards, performance shares, cash-based performance units and other stock-based awards, each of which may be granted separately or in tandem with other awards.

The grant-date fair value of stock awards is based upon the underlying price of the stock on the date of grant. The grant-date fair value of stock option awards must be determined using an option pricing model. Option pricing models require the use of estimates and assumptions as to (a) the expected term of the option, (b) the expected volatility of the price of the underlying stock and (c) the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula for determining the grant-date fair value of such awards. The fair value of restricted stock units that vest based on achievement of certain market conditions are determined using a Monte Carlo simulation technique.

The expected term of the option is based upon the contractual term and expected employee exercise and expected post-vesting employment termination behavior. The expected volatility of the price of the underlying stock is based upon the historical volatility of the Company’s stock computed over a period of time equal to the expected term of the option. The risk free interest rate is based upon the implied yields currently available from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. Pre-vesting forfeiture rates are estimated based upon past voluntary termination behavior and past option forfeitures.

The fair value of each option granted during the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is estimated on the date of grant using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions in the following table:


	Years ended June 30,
	2016	2015	2014
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Expected option term (years)	5.03	5.07	3.85
Expected stock price volatility	58%	57%	65%
Risk-free interest rate	1.00% - 1.64%	1.37% - 1.72%	0.03% - 1.79%

The Company uses historical data to estimate forfeitures. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected stock price volatility was calculated based on the Company’s daily stock trading history. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The weighted average of the option term for the year ended June 30, 2014 was lower as a result of the issuance of short-term options in fiscal year 2014 to the former chief financial officer. Aside from these stock options to the former chief financial officer the expected option term for other stock options granted during the year ended June 30, 2014 was 5.1 years. The lower risk-free interest rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014 resulted from the short-term rate for the stock options granted to the former chief financial officer in that year.

Changes in any of these assumptions could impact, potentially materially, the amount of expense recorded in future periods related to stock-based awards.

Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, other current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short‑term maturity of these instruments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share- Based Payment Accounting” which simplified several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Public companies will be required to adopt this standard in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period provided that the entire standard is adopted. The Company does not expect ASU 2016-09 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statement presentation.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by lease terms of more than 12 months. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early application is permitted. The Company is assessing ASU 2016-02’s impact and will adopt it when effective.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern: Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This guidance clarifies that an entity’s management should evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and annual and interim periods thereafter, and early application is permitted. The Company is assessing ASU 2014-15’s impact and will adopt it when effective.

On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. In August 2015, with the issuance of ASU 2015-14, the FASB amended the effective date of this ASU to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted only for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is assessing ASU 2014-09’s impact and will adopt it when effective.